kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
faqtors. ufro adekvaturi Teoriis ZiebaSi uari iTqva iseT terminebze, rogoricaa `evropeizacia~ da `vesternizacia~, romlebic gulisxmobs yovelmxriv gaigivebas dasavleTTan, xolo terminma `amerikanizacia~ kritikuli da negatiuri datvirTva SeiZina. Teoriuli TvalsazrisiT, modernizaciis adreuli modelebis kritika, pirvel rigSi, mimarTuli iyo ~tradicia-modernizaciis~ diqotomiis winaaRmdeg. es kritika emyareboda ganviTarebis, rogorc evoluciuri procesis gansazRvrebas, romelic gulisxmobs sazogadoebis mowyobis adrindeli socialur-kulturuli principebis gandevnasa da Canacvlebas. kritikis meore mniSvnelovani aspeqti gaxda kulturuli memkvidreobisa da urTierTobaTa socialur-kulturuli sistemis rolis gamovlineba. progresistuli koncefciebis sawinaaRmdegod, kulturuli memkvidreoba ganixileboda rogorc stabilurobis SenarCunebis winapiroba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis funqciobas. xolo tradicia ganixileboda rogorc socialurkulturuli kavSirebis aucilebeli birTvi, romelic uzrunvelyofs individis socializaciis arsebiT formebs, jgufTaSoris urTierTobis organizaciasa da sazogadoebis erTobas. nebismier damuSavebul variantSi modernizaciis Teoria aRiarebs ori sferos urTierTqmedebas _ sazogadoebis integraciasa da diferencias, Sesabamisad, misi damoukideblobisa da SenarCunebaSi, rac politikuri TvalsazrisiT gamoixateba suverenitetis principSi, xolo kulturuli TvalsazrisiT _ TviTmyofadobis, identurobis principSi. am daskvnebma msoflio samecniero literaturaSi gamoiwvia modernizaciis procesis arsis gadaxedva. aseTi gaazrebis erTgvar kategoriuli formulirebaa s.hanTingtons ekuTvnis: `modernizacia aucileblad ar niSnavs vesternizacias. aradasavluri sazogadoebebma SesaZloa ganicadon modernizacia ise, rom uari ar Tqvan sakuTar kulturaze, ar miiRon dasavluri Rirebulebebi, institutebi da qcevis formebi. sinamdvileSi modernizacia aZlierebs am kulturebs da iwvevs dasavleTis SedarebiT dasustebas. SiZleba iTqvas, rom samyaro sul ufro da ufro modernizebuli da naklebad dasavluri xdeba~. rogorc ukve iTqva, didi xnis manZilze sxvadasxva saxis kulturul faqtorebs SedarebiT naklebi yuradReba eTmoboda. modernizaciis subieqtebad upirveles yovlisa saxelmwifoebi miiCneodnen, ufro sworesd ki politikuri reJimebi. Sesabamisad, politikis sfero ganmsazRvrelad iTvleboda ekonomikasTan da politikasTan SedarebiT. magram gardaqmnebma rac ufro farTod moicves socialuri regulaciis sxvadasxva sfero, miT ufro mkafiod gamoikveTa sakuTriv kulturuli kanonzomierebebisa da socialuri regulaciis specifikis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba. unda aRiniSnos, rom es specifika mniSvnelovanwilad iyo damokidebuli kulturuli velis doneze. bolo sami aTwleulis manZilze modernizaciis procesSi nacionaluri da civilizaciuri TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis principi sabolood damkvidrda samecniero literaturaSi. sazogadod, modernulobis warmoSobis ori Teoria arsebobs. isini warmoadgenen or gansxvavebul gagebas imisa, Tu riT gansxvavdeba Cveni Tanamedrove sazogadoeba Tavisi winamorbedisagan. erTi gagebiT, Tanamedrove dasavlur sazogadoebasa da, magaliTad, Sua saukunebis evropas Soris iseTive gansxvaveba arsebobs, rogoric Sua saukuneebis evropasa da amave periodis CineTsa Tu indoeTs Soris. sxva sityvebiT, Cven SegviZlia CavTvaloT, rom arsebobs gansxvaveba civilizaciebs Soris, romelTagan TiToeuls Tavis sakuTari kultura aqvs. meore gagebiT, adreuli saukuneebidan dRemde arsebuli cvlilebebi Cven SegviZlia avxsnaT raRac `ganviTarebis~ msgavsiT _ 16
ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasasruli da modernis dasawyisi. am gabatonebuli TvalTaxedviT, procesebi friad gansxvavebulad warmogvidgeba. modernulobis gagebis pirvel variants pirobiTad kulturuls uwodeben, xolo meores _ akulturuls. arsebobs kulturaTa simravle, romelTagan TiToeuls aqvs ena da gamocdileba, romlebic gansazRvraven pirovnulobis, socialuri urTierTobebis, cudisa da kargis, saTnoebisa/zneobisa da uzneobis da a.S. specifikur gagebas. es modeli _ modernulobis kulturuli Teoria _ Tanamedrove dasavleTSi momxdar cvlilebebs axali kulturis warmoSobis safuZvelze xsnis. Tanamedrove atlantikuri samyaro aris kultura (an erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebuli kulturaTa jgufi), romelsac aqvs, magaliTad, pirovnebis, bunebis, kargisa da cudis sakuTari, specifikuri gageba, es kultura SeiZleba davupirispiroT sxva danarCenebs, Tavisi winamorbedi civilizaciebis CaTvliT (romelTanac, cxadia, uamravi saerTo aqvs). amis sapirispirod, akulturuli Teoria am transformacias kulturisagan ganyenebulad xsnis. am TvalsazrisiT, es cvlilebebi ar ganixileba rogorc konkretul kulturaSi mimdinare procesi, aramed miiCneva movlenad, romelic SeiZleboda Sexeboda nebismier tradiciul kulturas. magaliTad, akulturuli Teoria modernulobas ganixilavs, rogorc mravali sxvadasxva mizezis Sedegs: vTqvaT, mecnieruli cnobierebis zrdis, sekularuli TvalTaxedvis ganviTarebis, efeqturi/instrumentuli racionalizmis aRzevebis, faqtsa da mis Sefasebas Soris absoluturad cxadi sxvaobis da sxv. sxvagvarad, modernuloba SeiZleba davukavSiroT rogorc socialur, aseve inteleqtualur cvlilebebs: trasformaciebi, inteleqtualuris CaTvliT, ganixileba rogorc daCqarebuli mobilurobis/cvlilebebis, populaciis koncentraciis, industrializaciis da a.S. Sedegi. yvela am SemTxvevaSi modernuloba transformaciaTa erTobliobaa, romelic TiToeul kulturas SeuZlia ganicados da, savaraudod, iZulebuli iqneba ganicados. es cvlilebebi ar aris gansazRvruli am kulturebis mdgomareobiT da, magaliTad, pirovnebis, sazogadoebis an sikeTis specifikuri gagebiT; ufro metad, esaa cvlilebebi, romelsac yoveli kultura, principSi, msxverplad ewireba. magaliTad, TiToeul kulturas SeiZleba Seexos mecnieruli cnobierebis zrda, yovel religias _ sekularizacia, instrumentuli azrovnebis zrdam SeiZleba gamoiwvios saboloo aRsasruli, warmodgena metafizikurze SeiZleba Zireulad Seicvalos faqtsa da mis Sefasebas Soris gaCenili dapirispirebis gamo. modernuloba, am Teoriis mixedviT, gagebulia rogorc konkretuli kulturisagan ganyenebuli racionaluri an socialuri procesebis Sedegi. es ar niSnavs imas, rom es Teoria ugulebelyofs im istoriul mizezebs, ris gamoc es cvlilebebi Tavdapirvelad warmoSva swored am, da ara sxva civilizaciaSi, an ris gamoc am cvlilebebs erTni ufro advilad eqvemdebarebian, sxvani ki _ Znelad. saqme ufro isaa, rom es procesi ganisazRvreba ara rogorc kulturuli specifika, aramed rogorc zogadi funqcia, romelic kulturul specifikas msxverplad iwiravs. Tu am sakiTxs sxva kuTxiT mivudgebiT, es procesebi ar unda ganvixiloT rogorc erTi specifikuri, sxvaTagan gansxvavebuli gagebis an RirebulebaTa sistemis arCevanis asaxva. socialuri ganmartebis SemTxvevaSi, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba iseT istoriul movlenebs, rogoricaa industralizacia, romelic gavlenas axdens Rirebulebebze; magram amgvari movlenebi xSirad ar aris miCneuli konkretul sferoSi specifikuri arCevanis gamoxatulebad. rodesac saqme exeba racionalur axsnas, is miiCneva zogadi SesaZleblobebis ganxorcielebad, romelic eloda Sesabamis pirobebs ralizaciisaTvis. garkveuli pirobebSi adamianebi mividnen im daskvnamde, 17
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>sasruli <strong>da</strong> modernis <strong>da</strong>sawyisi. am gabatonebuli<br />
TvalTaxedviT, procesebi friad gansxvavebulad warmogvidgeba.<br />
modernulobis gagebis pirvel variants pirobiTad kulturuls uwodeben, xolo<br />
meores _ akulturuls. arsebobs <strong>kultura</strong>Ta simravle, romelTagan TiToeuls aqvs<br />
ena <strong>da</strong> gamocdileba, romlebic gansazRvraven pirovnulobis, socialuri urTierTobebis,<br />
cudisa <strong>da</strong> kargis, saTnoebisa/zneobisa <strong>da</strong> uzneobis <strong>da</strong> a.S. specifikur gagebas.<br />
es modeli _ modernulobis kulturuli Teoria _ Tanamedrove <strong>da</strong>savleTSi<br />
momx<strong>da</strong>r cvlilebebs axali kulturis warmoSobis safuZvelze xsnis. Tanamedrove<br />
atlantikuri samyaro aris <strong>kultura</strong> (an erTmaneTTan mWidrod <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli <strong>kultura</strong>Ta<br />
jgufi), romelsac aqvs, magaliTad, pirovnebis, bunebis, kargisa <strong>da</strong> cudis sakuTari,<br />
specifikuri gageba, es <strong>kultura</strong> SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vupirispiroT sxva <strong>da</strong>narCenebs,<br />
Tavisi winamorbedi civilizaciebis CaTvliT (romelTanac, cxadia, uamravi saerTo<br />
aqvs).<br />
amis sapirispirod, akulturuli Teoria am trans<strong>for</strong>macias kulturisagan ganyenebulad<br />
xsnis. am TvalsazrisiT, es cvlilebebi ar ganixileba rogorc konkretul<br />
<strong>kultura</strong>Si mimdinare procesi, aramed miiCneva movlenad, romelic SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong><br />
Sexebo<strong>da</strong> nebismier tradiciul <strong>kultura</strong>s. magaliTad, akulturuli Teoria<br />
modernulobas ganixilavs, rogorc mravali sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mizezis Sedegs: vTqvaT,<br />
mecnieruli cnobierebis zrdis, sekularuli TvalTaxedvis ganviTarebis, efeqturi/instrumentuli<br />
racionalizmis aRzevebis, faqtsa <strong>da</strong> mis Sefasebas Soris absoluturad<br />
cxadi sxvaobis <strong>da</strong> sxv. sxvagvarad, modernuloba SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vukavSiroT<br />
rogorc socialur, aseve inteleqtualur cvlilebebs: tras<strong>for</strong>maciebi, inteleqtualuris<br />
CaTvliT, ganixileba rogorc <strong>da</strong>Cqarebuli mobilurobis/cvlilebebis,<br />
populaciis koncentraciis, industrializaciis <strong>da</strong> a.S. Sedegi. yvela am SemTxvevaSi<br />
modernuloba trans<strong>for</strong>maciaTa erTobliobaa, romelic TiToeul <strong>kultura</strong>s SeuZlia<br />
ganicados <strong>da</strong>, savaraudod, iZulebuli iqneba ganicados.<br />
es cvlilebebi ar aris gansazRvruli am kulturebis mdgomareobiT <strong>da</strong>, magaliTad,<br />
pirovnebis, sazogadoebis an sikeTis specifikuri gagebiT; ufro metad, esaa<br />
cvlilebebi, romelsac yoveli <strong>kultura</strong>, principSi, msxverplad ewireba. magaliTad,<br />
TiToeul <strong>kultura</strong>s SeiZleba Seexos mecnieruli cnobierebis zr<strong>da</strong>, yovel religias<br />
_ sekularizacia, instrumentuli azrovnebis zr<strong>da</strong>m SeiZleba gamoiwvios saboloo<br />
aRsasruli, warmodgena metafizikurze SeiZleba Zireulad Seicvalos faqtsa <strong>da</strong> mis<br />
Sefasebas Soris gaCenili <strong>da</strong>pirispirebis gamo.<br />
modernuloba, am Teoriis mixedviT, gagebulia rogorc konkretuli kulturisagan<br />
ganyenebuli racionaluri an socialuri procesebis Sedegi. es ar niSnavs imas, rom es<br />
Teoria ugulebelyofs im istoriul mizezebs, ris gamoc es cvlilebebi Tav<strong>da</strong>pirvelad<br />
warmoSva swored am, <strong>da</strong> ara sxva civilizaciaSi, an ris gamoc am cvlilebebs<br />
erTni ufro advilad eqvemdebarebian, sxvani ki _ Znelad. saqme ufro isaa, rom es<br />
procesi ganisazRvreba ara rogorc kulturuli specifika, aramed rogorc zogadi<br />
funqcia, romelic kulturul specifikas msxverplad iwiravs.<br />
Tu am sakiTxs sxva kuTxiT mivudgebiT, es procesebi ar un<strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT rogorc<br />
erTi specifikuri, sxvaTagan gansxvavebuli gagebis an RirebulebaTa sistemis<br />
arCevanis asaxva. socialuri ganmartebis SemTxvevaSi, ga<strong>da</strong>mwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
iseT istoriul movlenebs, rogoricaa industralizacia, romelic gavlenas axdens<br />
Rirebulebebze; magram amgvari movlenebi xSirad ar aris miCneuli konkretul<br />
sferoSi specifikuri arCevanis gamoxatulebad. rodesac saqme exeba racionalur<br />
axsnas, is miiCneva zogadi SesaZleblobebis ganxorcielebad, romelic elo<strong>da</strong> Sesabamis<br />
pirobebs ralizaciisaTvis. garkveuli pirobebSi a<strong>da</strong>mianebi mividnen im <strong>da</strong>skvnamde,<br />
17
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