kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
aRiarebas iRebs `miRwevis~ kriteriumi moRvaweobis axal, upirveles yovlisa, sameurneo, finansur da saqmian sferoSi. politikis sferoSi _ centralizebuli nacionaluri saxelmwifoebis Camoyalibeba, romlis farglebSi yalibdeba sakuTari interesebisaTvis mebrZoli sxvadasxvagvari socialur-politikuri moZraobebi, elitebi da jgufebi; dinastiuri reJimebis legitimurobis tradiciuli formebis Sesusteba da demokratiis zogierTi elementis Semotana; cvlileba centrsa da periferias Soris urTiermimarTebaSi, rac gamoixateba imiT, rom periferiisaTvis xelmisawvdomi xdeba xelisufleba centrSi. kulturul sferoSi _ RirebulebiTi orientaciebis diferenciacia, sazogadoebrivi codnisa da ganaTlebis sekularizacia da pluralizacia, ideologiuri mimarTulebebis mravalferovneba, masmediis ganviTareba. upiratesoba eniWeba da aRiarebuli xdeba qcevis sul ufro meti individualizacia da pirovnebis TviTgamorkveva. sulier sferoSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebad miiCneva sekularizmis gavrceleba risi safuZvelic aris meurneobisa da politikis avtonomiurobis zrda, moRvaweobis praqtikuli da racionaluri formebis gafarToeba, sadac ganmsazRvreli kriteriumebi ara moraluri, sulieri an estTetikuri mosazrebebia, aramed efeqturoba da praqtikuli sargebeli. am cvlilebebis (romelTa xarisxis gansazRvra empiriuladac aris SesaZlebeli) arsebiTi parametrebi mosaxleobis mobilurobis, socialur da politikur marTvaSi misi monawileobis da, aseve sxvadasxva socialur jgufis Tanamedrove kulturaSi CarTulobis xarisxia. modernizacia moicavs mosaxleobis sul ufro farTo fenebs, aTavisuflebs ra maT yofisa da warmoebis uZravi formebisagan. magram modernizaciis procesis struqturaSi yovelTvis xdeba mewarmeTa fenis gaZliereba da daqiravebuli Sromis gamoyenebis zrda. instituciuri TvalsazrisiT _ modernizacia gamoixateba institutebis diferenciaciis zrdaSi, romlebic sakuTar Tavze iReben moRvaweobis axali formebis regulacias. cxovrebis yvela sfero, religiuris CaTvliT, ufro mravalferovani xdeba. socialuri TvalsazrisiT, modernizaciis mamoZravebli Zala, umeteswilad, is aqtiuri fenebia, romlebsac Sualeduri pozicia ukaviaT adre arsebul ZiriTad socialur fenebTan mimarTebaSi. xSirad modernizaciis iniciatorebad gamodian ucxo kulturuli elementebi, sxva konfesiuri Tu eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi. maT axasiaTebT gazrdili mobiluroba da aqtiuroba savaWro-sawarmoo sferoSi. amgvarad, modernistuli sazogadoebis ZiriTadi niSnebia: industrializacia, urbanizaciis maRali xarisxi, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresi, Tavisufali sabazro warmoeba, konstitucionalizmi, liberaluri demokratia, individualizmi, sekularizmi, racionaluri azrovneba. modernizaciis winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi modernizaciis Teoriis kritikis Sedegad, gamovlinda is mravalferovani winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi, romlebic Tan sdeven sazogadoebis modernizaciis process. es winaaRmdegobani yvela SemTxvevaSi iCens Tavs, Tumca gansxvavebuli xarisxiT. 1. ~tradiciisa~ da `Tanamedroveobis~ Sejaxeba, rac iwvevs gaxleCas socialurobis tipebsa da kulturul sferoebs Soris, aseve aviwroebs adre arsebuli kulturis moqmedebis sferosa da moRvaweobis axal sferoebSi misi statusis damcrobas ganapirobebs. axal pirobebSi xdeba askriptiul kavSirebze damyarebuli socialurobis adrindeli principebisa da im Tanamedrove orientaciebis dapirispireba, romlebic mimarTulia warmatebebze komerciuli saqmianobaSi, profesionalizmsa da praqtikul codnaSi da a.S. urTierToba da urTierTqmedebis sistema, romlebic 12
axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs da romlebic gaformebulia sakralizebuli normebiT, moraluri orientaciebiTa simbolikiT, kargaven adrindel mniSvnelobas da ejaxebian imperativebs, romlebsac sabazro kavSirebis funqcionaluri samyaro karnaxobs. askriptiuli socialurobis adrindeli totaluri sistemebi, romelSic TiToeul individs Tavisi gansazRvruli adgili hqonda mikuTvnebuli, kargaven adrindel mniSvnelobas, ixliCebian sxvadasxva nawilebad, amasTan mzardi mniSvneloba eniWeba axal, funqciur da miRweviT kriteriumebze damyrebul sistemebs. unda iTqvas, rom miRweviTi orientaciebi met-naklebad arsebobs nebismier `tradiciul~ garemoSi, magram iq isini askriptiul sazogadoebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel ierarqiul sistemaSi iyo CarTuli. axal pirobebSi miRweviT orientaciebma, SesaZloa, xeli Seuwyos rogorc urTierTobaTa individualizacias, aseve sazogadoebis danawevrebas sxvadasxva jgufebad da erTobebad. modernizaciis Teoriebi dasavluri kulturaSi modernizaciis safuZvlebis Camoyalibebis sxvadasxvagvari axsna arsebobs. veberiseuli xedva upiratesobas im faseulobaTa xasiaTSi xedavs, romelic materialuri sikeTis dagrovebasa da gafarTebazea orientirebuli. meore mimarTuleba upiratesobas socialur-politikur struqturas (upirveles yovlisa, sofelTan SedarebiT qalaqis siWarbes) aniWebda (f.brodeli, igive m.veberi). mesame mimarTuleba gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas Zalauflebis ganawilebis principsa da am principis institutebSi gamyarebas aniWebda (S. eizenStadti). saukunenaxevris manZilze modernizaciis Teoriis mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSani iyo Sexeduleba msoflio istoriis Tanamedrove etapeze TiToeuli sazogadoebis sworxazovani ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. es miuTiTebda yoveli sazogadoebis im sistemaSi Sesvlis aucileblobaze, romelic dasavleT evropasa da aSS-Si Camoyalibda da, Sesabamisad, maT `centralur~ civilizaciasTan `mierTebaze~. zustad es iyo progresis, rogorc procesisa da miznis arsi. socialuri regulaciis yvela adrindeli varianti, miRwevebi da Rirebulebebi gadaisinja dasavleTis mier Seqmnili TanamoedroveobaSi Sesasvlelad. amitom yvela aradasavluri kultura, upirveles yovlisa, axal realobaSi SesvlisaTvis vargisianobis TvalsazrisiT ganixileboda. yvela saxis istoriuli da adgilobrivi da istoriuli Tavisebureba ganixileboda mxolod rogorc sawyisi fazis specifika, romelic swraf transformaciasa da gaqrobas eqvemdebareboda. XIX saukunisa da XX saukunis garkveuli periodis manZilze ganviTarebis Taviseburebis problematika faqtobrivad im mkvlevarTa yuradRebis miRma darCa, romlebic aradasavluri qveynebis ganviTarebis gzebsa da SesaZleblobebze saubrobdnen. metic, Tu adre aqcenti keTdeboda dasavluri sazogadoebisa da misi ganviTarebis specifikaze, SemdgomSi damkvidrda dasavluri modelis universalurobis idea mTeli msofliosaTvis. 70-iani wlebis dasawyisamde modernizaciis Teoria `vesternizaciis~ koncefciis bazaze viTardeboda, romelic dasavluri liberalizmis universalobas amtkicebda. vesternizaciis Teoriis mimdevrebi amtkicebdnen, rom gaTanamedrovebis procesi rogorc istoriulad, ise logikurad gulisxmobs, pirvel rigSi, meurneobis warmarTvis kapitalisturi meTodis miRebas, aseve dasavleTis, rogorc `msoflio civilizaciis~ eqspansia. problema mxolod `sastarto pirobebisa~ da `winaaRmdegobebis~ gamovlenaSi, aseve sxvadasxva sazogadoebaTa universaluri xasiaTis mqone modernizaciis indeqsis mixedviT SefasebaSi mdgomareobda. koloniuri sistemis daSlasa da suverenuli saxelmwifoebis Camoyalibebas, rasac Tan sdevda kulturuli TviTmyofadobis ideologiuri mtkiceba, ar gamouwvevia sworxazovani koncefciis gadaxedva. dekolonizaciis procesi dasavlur istoriografiaSi ganixileboda, rogorc dasavluri ekonomikuri, socialuri, politikuri 13
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seria kultura
- Page 3 and 4: sarCevi Tema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradicia tradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
aRiarebas iRebs `miRwevis~ kriteriumi moRvaweobis axal, upirveles yovlisa,<br />
sameurneo, finansur <strong>da</strong> saqmian sferoSi.<br />
politikis sferoSi _ centralizebuli nacionaluri saxelmwifoebis Camoyalibeba,<br />
romlis farglebSi yalibdeba sakuTari interesebisaTvis mebrZoli sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvagvari<br />
socialur-politikuri moZraobebi, elitebi <strong>da</strong> jgufebi; dinastiuri<br />
reJimebis legitimurobis tradiciuli <strong>for</strong>mebis Sesusteba <strong>da</strong> demokratiis zogierTi<br />
elementis Semotana; cvlileba centrsa <strong>da</strong> periferias Soris urTiermimarTebaSi, rac<br />
gamoixateba imiT, rom periferiisaTvis xelmisawvdomi xdeba xelisufleba centrSi.<br />
kulturul sferoSi _ RirebulebiTi orientaciebis diferenciacia, sazogadoebrivi<br />
codnisa <strong>da</strong> ganaTlebis sekularizacia <strong>da</strong> pluralizacia, ideologiuri<br />
mimarTulebebis mravalferovneba, masmediis ganviTareba. upiratesoba eniWeba <strong>da</strong><br />
aRiarebuli xdeba qcevis sul ufro meti individualizacia <strong>da</strong> pirovnebis TviTgamorkveva.<br />
sulier sferoSi mniSvnelovani cvlilebad miiCneva sekularizmis gavrceleba<br />
risi safuZvelic aris meurneobisa <strong>da</strong> politikis avtonomiurobis zr<strong>da</strong>,<br />
moRvaweobis praqtikuli <strong>da</strong> racionaluri <strong>for</strong>mebis gafarToeba, sa<strong>da</strong>c ganmsazRvreli<br />
kriteriumebi ara moraluri, sulieri an estTetikuri mosazrebebia, aramed<br />
efeqturoba <strong>da</strong> praqtikuli sargebeli. am cvlilebebis (romelTa xarisxis gansazRvra<br />
empiriula<strong>da</strong>c aris SesaZlebeli) arsebiTi parametrebi mosaxleobis mobilurobis,<br />
socialur <strong>da</strong> politikur marTvaSi misi monawileobis <strong>da</strong>, aseve sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva socialur<br />
jgufis Tanamedrove <strong>kultura</strong>Si CarTulobis xarisxia. <strong>modernizacia</strong> moicavs<br />
mosaxleobis sul ufro farTo fenebs, aTavisuflebs ra maT yofisa <strong>da</strong> warmoebis<br />
uZravi <strong>for</strong>mebisagan. magram modernizaciis procesis struqturaSi yovelTvis xdeba<br />
mewarmeTa fenis gaZliereba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>qiravebuli Sromis gamoyenebis zr<strong>da</strong>.<br />
instituciuri TvalsazrisiT _ <strong>modernizacia</strong> gamoixateba institutebis<br />
diferenciaciis zr<strong>da</strong>Si, romlebic sakuTar Tavze iReben moRvaweobis axali <strong>for</strong>mebis<br />
regulacias. cxovrebis yvela sfero, religiuris CaTvliT, ufro mravalferovani<br />
xdeba.<br />
socialuri TvalsazrisiT, modernizaciis mamoZravebli Zala, umeteswilad, is<br />
aqtiuri fenebia, romlebsac Sualeduri pozicia ukaviaT adre arsebul ZiriTad<br />
socialur fenebTan mimarTebaSi.<br />
xSirad modernizaciis iniciatorebad gamodian ucxo kulturuli elementebi, sxva<br />
konfesiuri Tu eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi. maT axasiaTebT gazrdili<br />
mobiluroba <strong>da</strong> aqtiuroba savaWro-sawarmoo sferoSi.<br />
amgvarad, modernistuli sazogadoebis ZiriTadi niSnebia:<br />
industrializacia, urbanizaciis maRali xarisxi, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresi,<br />
Tavisufali sabazro warmoeba, konstitucionalizmi, liberaluri demokratia,<br />
individualizmi, sekularizmi, racionaluri azrovneba.<br />
modernizaciis winaaRmdegobrivi Sedegebi<br />
modernizaciis Teoriis kritikis Sedegad, gamovlin<strong>da</strong> is mravalferovani winaaRmdegobrivi<br />
Sedegebi, romlebic Tan sdeven sazogadoebis modernizaciis process. es<br />
winaaRmdegobani yvela SemTxvevaSi iCens Tavs, Tumca gansxvavebuli xarisxiT.<br />
1. ~tradiciisa~ <strong>da</strong> `Tanamedroveobis~ Sejaxeba, rac iwvevs gaxleCas socialurobis<br />
tipebsa <strong>da</strong> kulturul sferoebs Soris, aseve aviwroebs adre arsebuli kulturis<br />
moqmedebis sferosa <strong>da</strong> moRvaweobis axal sferoebSi misi statusis <strong>da</strong>mcrobas<br />
ganapirobebs. axal pirobebSi xdeba askriptiul kavSirebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuli socialurobis<br />
adrindeli principebisa <strong>da</strong> im Tanamedrove orientaciebis <strong>da</strong>pirispireba,<br />
romlebic mimarTulia warmatebebze komerciuli saqmianobaSi, profesionalizmsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> praqtikul codnaSi <strong>da</strong> a.S. urTierToba <strong>da</strong> urTierTqmedebis sistema, romlebic<br />
12
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