kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba mas da Tavis mxriv eqceva sxva civilizaciis Tu kulturis gavlenis qveS 1 . Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba cifrebsa da sttistikur monacemebSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom globalizaciis procesi qmnis iseT gamowvevebs, romelic ukavSirdeba ojaxuri tradiciebis cvlilebas, Sobadobis Semcirebas; es problemebi, rogorc Cans, modernizaciis procesis Tanmdevia. f.fukuiamas TqmiT, modernizaciis procesma gamoiwvia `didi SeSfoTeba~, rac 60ian wlebSi ganviTarebul industriul qveyanaTa safuZvels, sayrdens Seexo. socialuri SeSfoTeba gamowveuli iyo ori saxis teqnologiuri gardaqmniT. erTi mxriv, moxda gadasvla industriuli sazogadoebidan informatikis samyaroSi, sadac fizikuri Sroma Secvala gonebrivma. meore mxriv, gamoCnda biomedicinis artefaqtebi (laT. artefaqtum _ xelovnurad Seqmnili), magaliTad, preparatebi, romelTa saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia sqesobrivi kavSiris gareSe cocxali organizmebis Seqmna. am garemoebam Secvala damokidebuleba mamakacsa da qals Soris da qalis socaluri aqtivoba ganviTarebul qveynebSi gazarda. man didi zegavlena moaxdina ojaxur Rirebulebebze, aRzrdaze. am procesis Sedegebs, f.fukuiamas azriT, `Cven mxolod axla vxvdebiT da vatyobT. SesaZloa, SeSfoTebis talRam sxvadasxva sazogadoebs sxvadasxva dros gadauara, magram Sedegebi yvelgan saerToa~ 2 . aRniSnulma talRam didi gavlena moaxdina, agreTve Sobadobaze. ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sobadobam iklo. safrangeTSi daregistrirebulia yvelaze TvalSisacemi cifrebi Sobadobis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT. ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sobadobis kleba weliwadSi 1% Seadgens, rac erTi Taobis cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi 30%-mde adis. es ki sakmaod didi cifria. rac Seexeba saSualo asaks, igi ganagrZobs zrdas. XXI saukunis Sua wlebSi evropis macxovrebelTa saSualo asaki miaRwevs 60 wels. iseT sazogadoebaSi, sadac biologiurad aqtiur macxovrebelTa umravlesoba warmodgenilia an Zalze axalgazrdebiT, an Zalze xanSiSesulebiT. iaponia da evropa aRmoCndebian iseTi ganviTarebadi qveynebis garemocvaSi, sadac saSualo asaki gansazRvrulia istoriuli normis mixedviT da biologiurad aqtiuri sazogadoebis ZiriTadi nawilis asaki 20 weli iqneba, Tavad ki am zRvars didad gascdebian. aseTma demografiulma cvlilebam politikuri Sedegebic gamoiRo da ganviTarebul qveynebS imigrantTa roli gaizarda. imigrantebi ki warmodgenili arian yvelaze Raribi da kulturulad gansxvavebuli qveynebidan. f.fukuiama saubrobs safrangeTsa da aSS Soris arsebul politikur dapirispirebaze da miiCnevs, rom diplomatiuri krizisis safuZveli safrangeTis globalizaciis gamowvevebisadmi damokidebulebaSia saZiebeli. f.fukuiama askvnis, rom globalizacia, romelic frangebma Seafases rogorc maTi kulturuli Rirebulebebis arealSi amerikis Carevis, SeRwevis mcdeloba, faqtobrivad, aris modernizaciis universaluri procesis niSani. SesaZloa, amerikelebi am procesSi, sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT, adre Caebnen, magram sxva danarCenebic male aRmoCndebian igive procesis zemoqmedebis qveS 3 . ganviTarebis am xaziT, postindustriuli qveynebis ganviTarebis saerTotraeqtoria mimarTulia multikulturuli sazogadoebebis Semnisaken. es ki ganviTarebuli qveynebis mosaxleobisaTvis, romlebsac sakuTari istoriuli Rirebulebebi aqvT, sakmaod Zneli misaRebia. aSS kulturuli gansxvavebuloba, romelic evropelTa mxridan mudmivi kritikis sagania, Zalian male 1 aSkareli n. saqarTvelo cvalebad samyaroSi. _ gaz. “meridiani”, Tb., 2001, 7-9 noemberi, 9-12 noemberi. 2 Фукуяма Ф. Париж-Вашингтон: общая судьбаю .. ИноСМИ.ru. 3 Фукуяма Ф. Париж-Вашингтон: общая судьбаю .. ИноСМИ.ru. 104
iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTarebis qveynebSi. 50 wlis win TeTri saxlis maspinZlebi Riad saubrobdnen amerikaze, rogorc `qristianul qveyanaze~; dRes Tavad buSic ki, moerideba Riad aseT fomulirebas. rogorc aRvniSneT, multikulturalizmi, pirvel rigSi, dasavlur samyaros emuqreba, amis mizezi ki ganviTarebis maRali donea. sxva kultturis warmomadgenlebi dasavleTSi swored finansuri uzrunvelyofis mizniT Cadian. kulturul problemebTan erTad, emigracia politikur-ekonomikur problemebsac qmnis; Raribi qveynebidan Casuli xalxi iafi muSaxelia; amis gamo dasavleTis qveynebSi adgilobrivebs, SesaZloa, garkveuli problemebi SeeqmnaT samsaxuris Sovnis mxriv. magram yvelze mTavari sul sxvaa, rac bolo periodSi xSirad iCens xolme Tavs. magaliTad, safrangeTma miiRo kanoni, romelmac akrZala Cadris tareba safrangeTSi; demokratiuli proncipebidan gamomdinare, safrangeTSi mcxovrebma muslimebma didi winaaRmdegoba gauwies am kanons. maT aiZules safrangeTis mTavroba da sakuTar qveyanaSi miaRebines kanoni, romelic, pirvel rigSi, kulturul-religiuri niSniT gansxvavebulobas usvams xazs. am nabijiT muslimurma samyarom safrangeTSi frangebi aiZula eRiarebinaT islamis Zala. anu multikulturalizmis Sedegad frangulma sazogadoeam kanonmdeblobis dros unda gaiTvaliswonos arafranguli, araevropuli da aradasavluri samyaros warmomadgenelTa moTxovnebi. msgavsi problemebi saqarTvelos jerjerobiT ar exeba, radgan saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs iseTi ekonomikuri done, romelic did imigraciul procesebs ganapirobebda. aucilebelia, yuradReba mieqces imas, rom modernizaciis xarisxis zrda ganapirobebs zemoT ganxiluli problemebis zrdasac. f.fukuiama acxadebs, rom uaxloesi wlebis ganmavlobaSi aSS da safrangeTs kvlav emuqreba imigrantTa miReba. bevri iqneba damokidebuli am qveynebze, kerZod, Tu rogor moaxerxeben isini imigrantTa integracias sakuTar istoriul kulturaSi. globalizacia namdvilad aris Sinagani procesi, romelic gagrZeldeba uaxloesi aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi. ase rom, XXI saukunis postindustriul qveynebs da sazogadoebebs mouwevT Sejaxeba amerikuli kulturis im elementebTan, romelTac dRes evropelebi miuReblad miiCneven, askvnis igi. modernizaciisa da ganviTarebis process ori _ rogorc pozitiuri, aseve negatiuri mxare aqvs. qalis socialuri aqtivobis gazrdam gamoiwvia Sobadobis kleba. yvelaze metad daberebis procesi Tavs iCens ganviTarebul qveynebSi, aqtiuri mosaxleobis Sevseba ki xdeba sxva kulturis qveynebidan mosuli imigrantebiT. arsebobs problemebi, romelic mosdevs modernizaciis dadebiT process; amitom sainteresoa, Tu ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv saqarTveloSi. suraTis kargad warmoCenisaTvis mizanSewonilad miviCnevT warmogidginoT statistikuri monacemebi. saqarTvelo mmarTvelobis forma saprezidento respublika mdebareoba aRmosavleTis grZedis 40’ da 47’ CrdioloeT ganedis 41’ da 44’ teritoriis farTobi 69 700 km/kv mosaxleoba (2002 wlis aRweris mixedviT) 4 602 aTasi kaci mosaxleobis simWidrove 66 adamiani km/kv-ze 105
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
- Page 97 and 98: iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
- Page 99 and 100: nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
- Page 101 and 102: unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
- Page 103: niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
- Page 107 and 108: meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
- Page 109 and 110: mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
- Page 111 and 112: CULTURE AND MODERNIZATION TOPIC 1.
- Page 113 and 114: TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
- Page 115 and 116: consider that modern stage of devel
- Page 117 and 118: 1. Multiculturalizm; 2. Pluralizm;
- Page 119: supranational structures. Democracy
piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba mas <strong>da</strong> Tavis mxriv eqceva sxva civilizaciis Tu kulturis<br />
gavlenis qveS 1 .<br />
Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba cifrebsa <strong>da</strong> sttistikur monacemebSi<br />
arsebobs mosazreba, rom globalizaciis procesi qmnis iseT gamowvevebs, romelic<br />
ukavSirdeba ojaxuri tradiciebis cvlilebas, Sobadobis Semcirebas; es problemebi,<br />
rogorc Cans, modernizaciis procesis Tanmdevia.<br />
f.fukuiamas TqmiT, modernizaciis procesma gamoiwvia `didi SeSfoTeba~, rac 60ian<br />
wlebSi ganviTarebul industriul qveyanaTa safuZvels, sayrdens Seexo.<br />
socialuri SeSfoTeba gamowveuli iyo ori saxis teqnologiuri gar<strong>da</strong>qmniT. erTi<br />
mxriv, mox<strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>svla industriuli sazogadoebi<strong>da</strong>n in<strong>for</strong>matikis samyaroSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
fizikuri Sroma Secvala gonebrivma. meore mxriv, gamoCn<strong>da</strong> biomedicinis artefaqtebi<br />
(laT. artefaqtum _ xelovnurad Seqmnili), magaliTad, preparatebi, romelTa<br />
saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia sqesobrivi kavSiris gareSe cocxali organizmebis Seqmna.<br />
am garemoebam Secvala <strong>da</strong>mokidebuleba mamakacsa <strong>da</strong> qals Soris <strong>da</strong> qalis socaluri<br />
aqtivoba ganviTarebul qveynebSi gazar<strong>da</strong>. man didi zegavlena moaxdina ojaxur<br />
Rirebulebebze, aRzr<strong>da</strong>ze. am procesis Sedegebs, f.fukuiamas azriT, `Cven mxolod<br />
axla vxvdebiT <strong>da</strong> vatyobT. SesaZloa, SeSfoTebis talRam sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebs<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva dros ga<strong>da</strong>uara, magram Sedegebi yvelgan saerToa~ 2 .<br />
aRniSnulma talRam didi gavlena moaxdina, agreTve Sobadobaze. ganviTarebul<br />
qveynebSi Sobadobam iklo. safrangeTSi <strong>da</strong>registrirebulia yvelaze TvalSisacemi<br />
cifrebi Sobadobis SemcirebasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.<br />
ganviTarebul qveynebSi Sobadobis kleba weliwadSi 1% Seadgens, rac erTi Taobis<br />
cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi 30%-mde adis. es ki sakmaod didi cifria. rac Seexeba saSualo<br />
asaks, igi ganagrZobs zr<strong>da</strong>s. XXI saukunis Sua wlebSi evropis macxovrebelTa saSualo<br />
asaki miaRwevs 60 wels. iseT sazogadoebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c biologiurad aqtiur<br />
macxovrebelTa umravlesoba warmodgenilia an Zalze axalgazrdebiT, an Zalze<br />
xanSiSesulebiT. iaponia <strong>da</strong> evropa aRmoCndebian iseTi ganviTarebadi qveynebis<br />
garemocvaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c saSualo asaki gansazRvrulia istoriuli normis mixedviT <strong>da</strong><br />
biologiurad aqtiuri sazogadoebis ZiriTadi nawilis asaki 20 weli iqneba, Tavad ki am<br />
zRvars di<strong>da</strong>d gascdebian. aseTma demografiulma cvlilebam politikuri Sedegebic<br />
gamoiRo <strong>da</strong> ganviTarebul qveynebS imigrantTa roli gaizar<strong>da</strong>. imigrantebi ki<br />
warmodgenili arian yvelaze Raribi <strong>da</strong> kulturulad gansxvavebuli qveynebi<strong>da</strong>n.<br />
f.fukuiama saubrobs safrangeTsa <strong>da</strong> aSS Soris arsebul politikur<br />
<strong>da</strong>pirispirebaze <strong>da</strong> miiCnevs, rom diplomatiuri krizisis safuZveli safrangeTis<br />
globalizaciis gamowvevebisadmi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebaSia saZiebeli. f.fukuiama askvnis,<br />
rom globalizacia, romelic frangebma Seafases rogorc maTi kulturuli<br />
Rirebulebebis arealSi amerikis Carevis, SeRwevis mcdeloba, faqtobrivad, aris<br />
modernizaciis universaluri procesis niSani. SesaZloa, amerikelebi am procesSi, sxva<br />
qveynebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT, adre Caebnen, magram sxva <strong>da</strong>narCenebic male aRmoCndebian igive<br />
procesis zemoqmedebis qveS 3 . ganviTarebis am xaziT, postindustriuli qveynebis<br />
ganviTarebis saerTotraeqtoria mimarTulia multikulturuli sazogadoebebis<br />
Semnisaken. es ki ganviTarebuli qveynebis mosaxleobisaTvis, romlebsac sakuTari<br />
istoriuli Rirebulebebi aqvT, sakmaod Zneli misaRebia. aSS kulturuli<br />
gansxvavebuloba, romelic evropelTa mxri<strong>da</strong>n mudmivi kritikis sagania, Zalian male<br />
1<br />
aSkareli n. saqarTvelo cvalebad samyaroSi. _ gaz. “meridiani”, Tb., 2001, 7-9 noemberi, 9-12 noemberi.<br />
2<br />
Фукуяма Ф. Париж-Вашингтон: общая судьбаю .. ИноСМИ.ru.<br />
3<br />
Фукуяма Ф. Париж-Вашингтон: общая судьбаю .. ИноСМИ.ru.<br />
104
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