kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyana ... bizantiis wes-wyobilebiT imarTebo<strong>da</strong>. Cven<br />
yvelani erTob axlo videqiT aziasTan, erTob vemonebodiT mis magaliTs, mis xasiaTs.<br />
es xasiaTi erTianad, upiratesad, despotis pirad SexedulebebSi, pirad survilSi,<br />
nebaSi, TviT-mnebelobaSi mdgomareob<strong>da</strong>. despots bizantiaSi imperatori erqva, CvenSi<br />
_ mefe, sxvagan _ mTavari, magram saqmiT, SinaarsiT yovelgan erTi <strong>da</strong> igive Tviseba<br />
hqon<strong>da</strong>: is iyo marto, <strong>da</strong> meti ara iyo-ra~ 1 .<br />
rac Seexeba bizantiis Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT neli sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisa <strong>da</strong>, Semdgom,<br />
misi <strong>da</strong>cemis mizezebs, aseTebad xSirad saxeldeba bizantiuri saxelisuflebo <strong>da</strong><br />
samarTlebrivi institutebis specifika, ganviTarebuli biurokratiuli aparati,<br />
saxelmwifo marTvis ukiduresi centralizacia, <strong>da</strong>savluri (`klasikurad~ miCneuli)<br />
feo<strong>da</strong>luri institutebis neli ganviTareba <strong>da</strong> sxv. 2 magram bizantinologTa nawili<br />
amgvar axsnas arasworad miiCnevs <strong>da</strong> umTavres mniSvnelobas sagareo faqtors aniWebs.<br />
m.i.siuziumovi, g.g.litavrini <strong>da</strong> sxvebi aRniSnavdnen, rom bizantiis imperia<br />
permanentul omSi iyo Cabmuli, romelic yovelwliurad nTqav<strong>da</strong> uzarmazar a<strong>da</strong>mianur<br />
<strong>da</strong> materialur resursebs. aseT pirobebSi imperiis xelisufalni iZulebulni iyvnen,<br />
nebismieri saSualebiT SeenarCunebinaT stabiluroba, moexdinaT arsebuli wyobilebis<br />
konservireba. did socialur re<strong>for</strong>mebs SeeZlo <strong>da</strong>erRvia socialuri wonasworoba.<br />
sagareo faqtori hipertrofirebul rols iZen<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> saSinao faqtorad iqceo<strong>da</strong> 3 .<br />
Tavis mxriv, bizantiuri saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri institutebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidreba<br />
CvenSi xels uwyob<strong>da</strong> ufro mWidro integracias bizantiur civilizaciasTan,<br />
ramdena<strong>da</strong>c bizantiuri (aRmosavlurqristianuli) civilizaciis miRwevaTa aTvisebis<br />
procesi ufro swrafi <strong>da</strong> efeqturi iyo im qveynebSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c arsebob<strong>da</strong> an yalibdebo<strong>da</strong><br />
mmarTvelobis centralizebuli <strong>for</strong>ma 4 .<br />
roca qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis <strong>da</strong>cemis mizezTa Ziebisas CvenSi bizantiuri<br />
modelis arsebobasa <strong>da</strong> mis uaryofiT rolze vmsjelobT, iqneb, marTebuli iyos meti<br />
yuradRebis miqceva igive sagareo faqtoris mniSvnelobaze. iqneb, civilizaciaTa<br />
mijnaze yofnam CvenTanac ganapiroba am faqtoris hipertrofirebuli roli <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
saSinao faqtorad trans<strong>for</strong>macia, rogorc es bizantis SemTxvevaSi mox<strong>da</strong>?<br />
sxva saqmea, rom bizantiis <strong>da</strong>cemis Semdeg CvenSi bizantiuri yaidis<br />
saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri institutebi SenarCun<strong>da</strong>, romlebSic sul ufro<br />
Zlierdebo<strong>da</strong> aRmosavluri elementebi. mogvianebiT ki maT kargad moergo `bizantiuri<br />
ornamentebiTa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savluri aqsesuarebiT <strong>da</strong>mSvenebuli~ rusuli mmarTvelobis wesi.<br />
ase yalibdeba saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo aparatis funqciobis zemoT naxsenebi<br />
aziuri stili, romelic Cveni ara<strong>da</strong>savlurobis erT-erT yvelaze mkafio<br />
gamoxatulebad saxeldeba 5 .<br />
dRes saqarTvelo aRiqmeba gaurkvevli mikuTvnebulobis saxelmwifod, romelic<br />
imyofeba TviTgamorkvevis procesSi <strong>da</strong> ganicdis zemoqmedebas: 1) <strong>da</strong>savluri<br />
civilizaciis mxri<strong>da</strong>n; 2) <strong>da</strong>savlursa <strong>da</strong> slavur-marTlmadideblur civilizaciebs<br />
Soris gaxleCili ruseTis mxri<strong>da</strong>n; 3) <strong>da</strong>savlursa <strong>da</strong> islamur civilizaciebs Soris<br />
gaxleCili TurqeTis mxri<strong>da</strong>n. Cveni sazogadoebis erTi nawili iRebs ama Tu im<br />
civilizaciis gavlenas, anu <strong>da</strong>sayrdeni <strong>da</strong> gamtaria misTvis, xolo meore nawili,<br />
1<br />
nikolaZe n. bulgaria. _ qarTuli mwerloba, t.14, Tb., 1997, gv. 222-223.<br />
2<br />
ix.: Сюзюмов М.Я. Некоторые проблемы исторического развития Византии и Запада. – В сб.: Византийский временник,<br />
т.35, М., 1973, с.4.<br />
3<br />
Сюзюмов М.Я. Историческая роль Византии и ее место во всемирной истории. – В сб.: Византийский временник, № 29,<br />
М., 1968, с.44; Литаврин Г.Г. Геополитическое положение Византии в средневековом мире в VII-XII вв. – В кн.:<br />
Византия между Западом и Востоком. Опыт исторической характеристики. СПб., 1995, с. 16.<br />
4<br />
Оболенский Д. Византийское содружество наций. М., 1998, с.299.<br />
5<br />
niJaraZe g. Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba politikuri qcevis aspeqtSi. _ gaz.: “ganaxlebuli<br />
iveria”, Tb., 2000, 1-2, gv.11.<br />
103
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