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La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP

La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP

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34<br />

News <strong>in</strong> Pe<strong>di</strong>atric Gastroenterology Pharmacology<br />

Tabella 1 Ruolo degli aci<strong>di</strong> grassi pol<strong>in</strong>saturi a lunga catena: uno schema riassuntivo<br />

Prevenzione <strong>del</strong> rischio<br />

car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />

Prevenzione <strong>del</strong> <strong>di</strong>abete<br />

Crescita fetale e<br />

neonatale<br />

Sviluppo <strong>del</strong>la ret<strong>in</strong>a<br />

e <strong>del</strong> Sistema Nervoso<br />

Centrale<br />

Key Po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />

•L’acido docosaesaenoico è un<br />

nutriente semiessenziale<br />

•<strong>Il</strong> suo passaggio al feto <strong>in</strong> gravidanza<br />

e al bamb<strong>in</strong>o, <strong>in</strong> seguito, con l’allattamento<br />

contribuisce allo sviluppo<br />

strutturale a funzionale <strong>del</strong> sistema<br />

nervoso centrale<br />

•<strong>La</strong> <strong>di</strong>eta materna è un determ<strong>in</strong>ante<br />

importante <strong>di</strong> questi passaggi<br />

•Dall’adolescenza il DHA assume<br />

importanti ruoli preventivi e perf<strong>in</strong>o<br />

terapeutici nei confronti <strong>di</strong> alcune<br />

caratteristiche <strong>del</strong>la “s<strong>in</strong>drome<br />

metabolica”<br />

Acido Arachidonico (AA) Acido Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) Acido docosaesaenoico (DHA)<br />

NO<br />

un eccesso risulta associato<br />

a patologie <strong>di</strong> natura trombotica<br />

e car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />

NO<br />

<strong>in</strong>cremento rischio car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />

SÌ<br />

aumenta il grado <strong>di</strong> <strong>in</strong>saturazione<br />

<strong>del</strong>le membrane<br />

SÌ<br />

è correlato positivamente<br />

agli <strong>in</strong><strong>di</strong>ci <strong>di</strong> crescita corporea<br />

neonatale<br />

FORSE<br />

ruolo neurotrasmettitoriale?<br />

SÌ<br />

produzione <strong>di</strong> fattori a debole attività<br />

pro-aggregante,<strong>di</strong>m<strong>in</strong>uzione <strong>di</strong> trigliceri<strong>di</strong><br />

circolanti<br />

NO<br />

è sconsigliato l’eccesso<br />

NO<br />

<strong>in</strong> pratica assente nei lipi<strong>di</strong><br />

<strong>del</strong>le cellule nervose<br />

BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />

SÌ<br />

<strong>di</strong>m<strong>in</strong>uisce i trigliceri<strong>di</strong> circolanti,<br />

previene la formazione <strong>del</strong>la placca<br />

aterosclerotica<br />

SÌ<br />

mo<strong>di</strong>fica la sensibilità all’<strong>in</strong>sul<strong>in</strong>a<br />

<strong>del</strong>le membrane cellulari<br />

SÌ<br />

i livelli nel funicolo ombelicale<br />

sono correlati al peso alla nascita<br />

nei preterm<strong>in</strong>e<br />

SÌ<br />

modula le attività <strong>di</strong> membrana<br />

rendendole più fluide,<br />

facilita il ricambio <strong>di</strong> rodops<strong>in</strong>a<br />

nei bastoncelli, si concentra nelle aree<br />

<strong>di</strong> connessione ed organizzative <strong>del</strong>la<br />

memoria nella corteccia prefrontale<br />

1. Caspi A, Williams B, Kim-Cohen J et al. Moderation of breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g effects on the IQ by genetic<br />

variation <strong>in</strong> fatty acid metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 20;104(47):18860-5.<br />

2. Farquharson J, Cockburn F, Patrick WA, Jamieson EC, Logan RW. Infant cerebral cortex<br />

phospholipid fatty-acid composition and <strong>di</strong>et. <strong>La</strong>ncet 1992;340:810-3.<br />

3. Mart<strong>in</strong>ez M. Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids dur<strong>in</strong>g early human development.<br />

J Pe<strong>di</strong>atr 1992;120:S129-38.<br />

4. Helland IB, Smith L, Blomen B, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA. Effect of supplement<strong>in</strong>g pregnant<br />

and lactat<strong>in</strong>g mothers with n-3 very-long-cha<strong>in</strong> fatty acids on children’s IQ and body mass<br />

<strong>in</strong>dex at 7 years of age. Pe<strong>di</strong>atrics 2008;122:472-9.<br />

5. Dunstan JA, Simmer K, Dixon G, Prescott SL. Cognitive assessment of children at age 2(1/2)<br />

years after maternal fish oil supplementation <strong>in</strong> pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial.<br />

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008;93:F45-50.<br />

6. Marangoni F, Agostoni C, <strong>La</strong>mmardo AM, Giovann<strong>in</strong>i M, Galli C, Riva E. Polyunsaturated<br />

fatty acid concentrations <strong>in</strong> human h<strong>in</strong>dmilk are stable throughout 12-months of lactation<br />

and provide a susta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>take to the <strong>in</strong>fant dur<strong>in</strong>g exclusive breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g: an Italian study.<br />

Br J Nutr 2000;84:103-9.<br />

7. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, Riva E, Giovann<strong>in</strong>i M. Neurodevelopmental quotient of<br />

healthy term <strong>in</strong>fants at 4 months and feed<strong>in</strong>g practice: the role of long-cha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated<br />

fatty acids. Pe<strong>di</strong>atr Res 1995;38:262-6.<br />

8. Schulzke SM, Patole SK, Simmer K. Longcha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation<br />

<strong>in</strong> preterm <strong>in</strong>fants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD000375.<br />

9. Simmer K, Patole SK, Rao SC. Longcha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fants born at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD000376.<br />

10. Nobili V, Bedogni G, Alisi A, Pietrobattista A, Risè P, Galli C, Agostoni C. Docosahexaenoic<br />

acid supplementation decreases liver fat content <strong>in</strong> children with non alcoholic fatty liver<br />

<strong>di</strong>sease: double bl<strong>in</strong>d randomized controlled cl<strong>in</strong>ical trial. Arch Dis Child 2011;96:350-3.<br />

11. Nobili V, Bedogni G, Alisi A, Pietrobattista A, Alterio A, Tiribelli C, Agostoni C. A protective<br />

effect of breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g on progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver <strong>di</strong>sease. Arch Dis Child 2009;<br />

94:801-805.

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