La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
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34<br />
News <strong>in</strong> Pe<strong>di</strong>atric Gastroenterology Pharmacology<br />
Tabella 1 Ruolo degli aci<strong>di</strong> grassi pol<strong>in</strong>saturi a lunga catena: uno schema riassuntivo<br />
Prevenzione <strong>del</strong> rischio<br />
car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />
Prevenzione <strong>del</strong> <strong>di</strong>abete<br />
Crescita fetale e<br />
neonatale<br />
Sviluppo <strong>del</strong>la ret<strong>in</strong>a<br />
e <strong>del</strong> Sistema Nervoso<br />
Centrale<br />
Key Po<strong>in</strong>ts<br />
•L’acido docosaesaenoico è un<br />
nutriente semiessenziale<br />
•<strong>Il</strong> suo passaggio al feto <strong>in</strong> gravidanza<br />
e al bamb<strong>in</strong>o, <strong>in</strong> seguito, con l’allattamento<br />
contribuisce allo sviluppo<br />
strutturale a funzionale <strong>del</strong> sistema<br />
nervoso centrale<br />
•<strong>La</strong> <strong>di</strong>eta materna è un determ<strong>in</strong>ante<br />
importante <strong>di</strong> questi passaggi<br />
•Dall’adolescenza il DHA assume<br />
importanti ruoli preventivi e perf<strong>in</strong>o<br />
terapeutici nei confronti <strong>di</strong> alcune<br />
caratteristiche <strong>del</strong>la “s<strong>in</strong>drome<br />
metabolica”<br />
Acido Arachidonico (AA) Acido Eicosapentaenoico (EPA) Acido docosaesaenoico (DHA)<br />
NO<br />
un eccesso risulta associato<br />
a patologie <strong>di</strong> natura trombotica<br />
e car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />
NO<br />
<strong>in</strong>cremento rischio car<strong>di</strong>ovascolare<br />
SÌ<br />
aumenta il grado <strong>di</strong> <strong>in</strong>saturazione<br />
<strong>del</strong>le membrane<br />
SÌ<br />
è correlato positivamente<br />
agli <strong>in</strong><strong>di</strong>ci <strong>di</strong> crescita corporea<br />
neonatale<br />
FORSE<br />
ruolo neurotrasmettitoriale?<br />
SÌ<br />
produzione <strong>di</strong> fattori a debole attività<br />
pro-aggregante,<strong>di</strong>m<strong>in</strong>uzione <strong>di</strong> trigliceri<strong>di</strong><br />
circolanti<br />
NO<br />
è sconsigliato l’eccesso<br />
NO<br />
<strong>in</strong> pratica assente nei lipi<strong>di</strong><br />
<strong>del</strong>le cellule nervose<br />
BIBLIOGRAFIA<br />
SÌ<br />
<strong>di</strong>m<strong>in</strong>uisce i trigliceri<strong>di</strong> circolanti,<br />
previene la formazione <strong>del</strong>la placca<br />
aterosclerotica<br />
SÌ<br />
mo<strong>di</strong>fica la sensibilità all’<strong>in</strong>sul<strong>in</strong>a<br />
<strong>del</strong>le membrane cellulari<br />
SÌ<br />
i livelli nel funicolo ombelicale<br />
sono correlati al peso alla nascita<br />
nei preterm<strong>in</strong>e<br />
SÌ<br />
modula le attività <strong>di</strong> membrana<br />
rendendole più fluide,<br />
facilita il ricambio <strong>di</strong> rodops<strong>in</strong>a<br />
nei bastoncelli, si concentra nelle aree<br />
<strong>di</strong> connessione ed organizzative <strong>del</strong>la<br />
memoria nella corteccia prefrontale<br />
1. Caspi A, Williams B, Kim-Cohen J et al. Moderation of breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g effects on the IQ by genetic<br />
variation <strong>in</strong> fatty acid metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Nov 20;104(47):18860-5.<br />
2. Farquharson J, Cockburn F, Patrick WA, Jamieson EC, Logan RW. Infant cerebral cortex<br />
phospholipid fatty-acid composition and <strong>di</strong>et. <strong>La</strong>ncet 1992;340:810-3.<br />
3. Mart<strong>in</strong>ez M. Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids dur<strong>in</strong>g early human development.<br />
J Pe<strong>di</strong>atr 1992;120:S129-38.<br />
4. Helland IB, Smith L, Blomen B, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA. Effect of supplement<strong>in</strong>g pregnant<br />
and lactat<strong>in</strong>g mothers with n-3 very-long-cha<strong>in</strong> fatty acids on children’s IQ and body mass<br />
<strong>in</strong>dex at 7 years of age. Pe<strong>di</strong>atrics 2008;122:472-9.<br />
5. Dunstan JA, Simmer K, Dixon G, Prescott SL. Cognitive assessment of children at age 2(1/2)<br />
years after maternal fish oil supplementation <strong>in</strong> pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial.<br />
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008;93:F45-50.<br />
6. Marangoni F, Agostoni C, <strong>La</strong>mmardo AM, Giovann<strong>in</strong>i M, Galli C, Riva E. Polyunsaturated<br />
fatty acid concentrations <strong>in</strong> human h<strong>in</strong>dmilk are stable throughout 12-months of lactation<br />
and provide a susta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong>take to the <strong>in</strong>fant dur<strong>in</strong>g exclusive breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g: an Italian study.<br />
Br J Nutr 2000;84:103-9.<br />
7. Agostoni C, Trojan S, Bellu R, Riva E, Giovann<strong>in</strong>i M. Neurodevelopmental quotient of<br />
healthy term <strong>in</strong>fants at 4 months and feed<strong>in</strong>g practice: the role of long-cha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated<br />
fatty acids. Pe<strong>di</strong>atr Res 1995;38:262-6.<br />
8. Schulzke SM, Patole SK, Simmer K. Longcha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation<br />
<strong>in</strong> preterm <strong>in</strong>fants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD000375.<br />
9. Simmer K, Patole SK, Rao SC. Longcha<strong>in</strong> polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fants born at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD000376.<br />
10. Nobili V, Bedogni G, Alisi A, Pietrobattista A, Risè P, Galli C, Agostoni C. Docosahexaenoic<br />
acid supplementation decreases liver fat content <strong>in</strong> children with non alcoholic fatty liver<br />
<strong>di</strong>sease: double bl<strong>in</strong>d randomized controlled cl<strong>in</strong>ical trial. Arch Dis Child 2011;96:350-3.<br />
11. Nobili V, Bedogni G, Alisi A, Pietrobattista A, Alterio A, Tiribelli C, Agostoni C. A protective<br />
effect of breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g on progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver <strong>di</strong>sease. Arch Dis Child 2009;<br />
94:801-805.