La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
La colelitiasi in età pediatrica. Il punto di vista del clinico - SIGENP
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<strong>La</strong> mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a: cosa c’è <strong>di</strong> nuovo.<br />
il <strong>punto</strong> <strong>di</strong> <strong>vista</strong> <strong>del</strong> pe<strong>di</strong>atra e <strong>del</strong> gastroenterologo <strong>del</strong>l’adulto<br />
BiBliografia<br />
1. Grand RJ, Ramakrishna J, and Calenda KA. Inflammatory Bowel Disease <strong>in</strong> the Pe<strong>di</strong>atric Patient.<br />
Gastroenterol Cl<strong>in</strong> North Am 1995;24(3):613-32.<br />
2. D’Agata ID, Vanounou T, Seidman E. Mesalam<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> pe<strong>di</strong>atric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a 10 years<br />
experience. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1996;2:229-35.<br />
3. Biancone L, Michetti P, Travis S, et al. European evidence-based Consensus on the management of<br />
ulcerative colitis: Special situations. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis (2008) 2, 63-92.<br />
4. Nielsen OH, Munck LK. Drug <strong>in</strong>sight: am<strong>in</strong>osalicylates for the treatment of IBD. Nat Cl<strong>in</strong> Pract<br />
Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;4(3):160-70.<br />
5. Ferry GD, Kirschner BS, Grand RJ et al. Olsalaz<strong>in</strong>e versus sulfasalz<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> mild to moderate childhood<br />
ulcerative colitis: results of the Pe<strong>di</strong>atric Gastroenterology Collaborative Research Group Cl<strong>in</strong>ical Trial.<br />
J Pe<strong>di</strong>atr Gastroenterol Nutr 1993;17:32-38.<br />
6. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Re<strong>in</strong>isch W et al. The second European evidence-based Consensus on the <strong>di</strong>agnosis<br />
and management of Crohn’s <strong>di</strong>sease: special situations. Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis 2010;4:63-101.<br />
7. <strong>La</strong>katos PL. Use of new once-daily 5-am<strong>in</strong>osalicylic acid preparations <strong>in</strong> the treatment of ulcerative<br />
colitis: is there anyth<strong>in</strong>g new under the sun? World J Gastroenterol 2010;16(1):136-7.<br />
8. Moshkovska T, Stone MA, Smith RM et al. Impact of a tailored patient preference <strong>in</strong>tervention <strong>in</strong><br />
adherence to 5-am<strong>in</strong>osalicylic acid me<strong>di</strong>cation <strong>in</strong> ulcerative colitis: results from an exploratory<br />
randomized controlled trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17(9):1874-81.<br />
9. Romano C, Famiani A, Comito D et al. Oral beclomethasone <strong>di</strong>propionate <strong>in</strong> pe<strong>di</strong>atric active ulcerative<br />
colitis: a comparison trial with mesalaz<strong>in</strong>e. J Pe<strong>di</strong>atr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;50(4):385-9.<br />
10. Quiros JA, Heyman MB, Ohl JF et al. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacok<strong>in</strong>etics of balsalazide <strong>in</strong> pe<strong>di</strong>atric<br />
patients with mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomized, double-bl<strong>in</strong>d study.<br />
J Pe<strong>di</strong>atr Gastroenterol Nutr 2009;49(5):571-9.<br />
11. Heyman MB, Kierkus J, Spénard J et al. Efficacy and safety of mesalam<strong>in</strong>e suppositories for treatment<br />
of ulcerative proctitis <strong>in</strong> children and adolescents. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16(11):1931-9.<br />
12. Patel H, Barr A, Jeejeebhoy KN. Renal effects of long term treatment with 5-am<strong>in</strong>osalicylic acid.<br />
Can J Gastroenterol 2009 Mar;23(3):170-6.<br />
il pUnTo <strong>di</strong> VisTa <strong>del</strong> gasTroenTerologo <strong>del</strong>l’adUlTo<br />
Walter Fries - Unità Operativa <strong>di</strong> Malattie Intest<strong>in</strong>ali Croniche, Dipartimento <strong>di</strong> Me<strong>di</strong>c<strong>in</strong>a Interna e<br />
Terapia Me<strong>di</strong>ca, Università degli Stu<strong>di</strong> <strong>di</strong> Mess<strong>in</strong>a<br />
5-am<strong>in</strong>osalicylates are effectively used <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>duction and ma<strong>in</strong>tenance of remission<br />
of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. With the new slow release formulations oral<br />
once-daily adm<strong>in</strong>istration of mesalaz<strong>in</strong>e is equally effective <strong>in</strong> prevent<strong>in</strong>g relapse than<br />
conventional three-times daily dos<strong>in</strong>g and some stu<strong>di</strong>es claim the superiority of this new<br />
approach because of improvement of adherence. <strong>in</strong> crohn’s <strong>di</strong>sease there is a limited<br />
beneficial effect of high dos<strong>in</strong>g mesalaz<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> ileal <strong>di</strong>sease and after ileo-cecal resection.<br />
eVidenze nel TraTTaMenTo <strong>del</strong>la reTTocoliTe Ulcerosa<br />
Le evidenze riguardo l’impiego <strong>del</strong>la mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a raccolte nell’ultimo ventennio costituiscono la<br />
base <strong>del</strong>le più recenti l<strong>in</strong>ee guida sulla terapia <strong>del</strong>la rettocolite ulcerosa (RCU) <strong>del</strong>l’adulto (1). <strong>La</strong><br />
mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a risulta efficace nell’<strong>in</strong>duzione e nel mantenimento <strong>del</strong>la remissione nelle forme lievimoderate<br />
sia nelle sue formulazioni topiche sia nelle formulazioni orali premesso che si utilizzi un<br />
dosaggio adeguato. In genere, dosaggi superiori a 2 g/<strong>di</strong>e risultano più efficaci sia nell’<strong>in</strong>duzione<br />
sia nel mantenimento <strong>del</strong>la remissione. Nell’<strong>in</strong>duzione <strong>del</strong>la remissione <strong>del</strong>le forme <strong>di</strong>stali, la<br />
somm<strong>in</strong>istrazione topica <strong>di</strong> mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a si è <strong>di</strong>mostrata superiore alla terapia con corticosteroi<strong>di</strong> e<br />
la terapia comb<strong>in</strong>ata con mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a, topica più orale, risulta più efficace rispetto alla terapia <strong>di</strong>sgiunta.<br />
In pazienti con RCU estesa, la mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a con un dosaggio giornaliero <strong>di</strong> 2.4 g risulta<br />
superiore a quello <strong>di</strong> 1.2 g/<strong>di</strong>e nel ritardare la riaccensione. Va ricordato <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>e l’effetto <strong>del</strong> mantenimento<br />
con mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a nella riduzione f<strong>in</strong>o al 75% (OR 0.25, CI 0.13 to 0.48) <strong>del</strong>l’<strong>in</strong>cidenza<br />
<strong>del</strong> cancro colo-rettale motivando il suo utilizzo a lungo term<strong>in</strong>e (2).<br />
Dopo l’<strong>in</strong>iziale entusiasmo suscitato da un trial che <strong>di</strong>mostrò la superiorità (3) nel mantenimento<br />
<strong>del</strong>la remissione cl<strong>in</strong>ica <strong>del</strong>la RCU con un’unica somm<strong>in</strong>istrazione giornaliera da 2 gr vs 2 somm<strong>in</strong>istrazioni<br />
da 1 gr <strong>di</strong> mesalaz<strong>in</strong>a (70.9 % vs 58.9 % mantenimento <strong>del</strong>la remissione a 12 mesi)<br />
e una superiorità per quanto concerne l’aderenza alla terapia (rilevata con autovalutazione), l’a-<br />
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