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ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris ... ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris ...

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ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris radgan “soflebs, romlebic mtrulad arian ganwyobili, SeuZliaT erTmaneTs wylis miwodeba SeuCeron.” 108 rogorc ECMI_is mkvlevari ambobs da mas eTanxmeba Zalian bevri damkvirvebeli, “sairigacio sistema gaumjobesebis stadiaSia”. 109 es aris sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli dafinansebisa da mxardaWeris Sedegi. msoflio banki afinansebs sairigacio sistemis aRdgenis (32.8 milioni aSS dolari) proeqts, romelic 6 welia mimdinareobs da romelmac ukve gamarTa sairigacio sistema proeqtiT gansazRvruli 110000 ha-dan 46000 ha-sTvis. am proeqtis mizania, qveynis masStabiT daxmareba aRmouCinos 80000 ojaxs. 110 sxvadasxva adgilobrivma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma: CARE-m, Mercy Corps-ma da gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programam ganaxorcieles da dResac axorcieleben sairigacio sistemis aRdgenis sagranto proeqtebs samcxe-javaxeTSi. teqnikuri aRWurviloba da masalebi garda infrastruqturisa, regionSi mniSvnelovani problemaa gaumarTavi teqnikuri aRWurviloba da xarisxiani produqciis sawarmoebeli masalebis mopoveba. axalcixis gamgeblis moadgile, Salva dalalaSvili ambobs, “1989 wlis Semdeg ar SegviZenia aranairi saxis sasoflo-sameurneo teqnologiao”. 111 meurneebi, aseve, Sewuxebuli arian Teslisa da sasuqis fasebis gaZvirebiT. rogorc axalcixis gamgeblis moadgile ambobs, “fermerTa mTavari problemaa axali Teslisa da pesticidebis SeZena”. 112 fermerTa mTavari moTxovna axali teqnologiebi, iafi masala, pesticidebi da Sxamqimikatebia, magram maTi SeZena ar Sedis kerZo mewarmeebis biznes-gegmebSi, radgan arsebobs molodini, rom es masalebi fermerebsa da movaWreebs unda miawodos mTavrobam an saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam. maTi miwodeba da SeZena TavisTavad sakmao TanxebTanaa dakavSirebuli. fermerebi TavianT problemad aseve ar miiCneven sabanko sistemas. isini Tvlian, rom mTavroba an sazogadoeba valdebulia mougvaros maT es. miwis didi nakveTebi komerciulad ufro sicocxlisunariania. saqarTvelos mTavrobis politikis Tanaxmad, “Tuki aris biznesis tipis SerCevis SesaZlebloba, yvelaze ufro prioritetulia miwis kerZo mesakuTreoba”. 113 Tumca samcxe-javaxeTis sasoflosameurneo miwebis 400000 ha-idan mxolod 17%-ia privatizebuli. es, ZiriTadad, saxnavsaTesi savargulebia. 114 araprivatizebuli miwis 8%, romelic, metwilad, gankuTvnilia Tivis mosayvanad, amJamad privatizaciis fazaSia. Tumca saxelmwifo miwis nakveTebis 70% gamoiyeneba saZovrebad da jer ar ganixileba maTi privatizaciis sakiTxi. 108 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra daviT yifians, Mercy Corps-is warmomadgenels (2, maisi, 2007). 109 evropuli centri umciresobaTa sakiTxebSi, javaxeTi vardebis revoluciis Semdeg: saqarTveloSi erovnuli erTianobis progresi da regresi. ECMI_is samuSao gazeTi #38, (aprili, 2007), gv. 6. 110 msoflio banki, “saqarTvelos soflebis irigaciis aRdgena” (ganxiluli 25 agvistos,2007).: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/GEORGIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20207398~page PK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:301746,00.html 111 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra Salva dalalaSvils, axalcixis gamgeblis moadgiles (4 ivnisi, 2007). 112 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra simon mananians, axalcixis gamgeblis moadgiles (4 ivnisi, 2007). 113 saqarTvelos samTavrobo dokumenti, ZiriTadi monacemebi da direqtivebi, 2008-2011 (2007), gv. 5. (http://www.imf.ge/aattach/285.pdf) 114 samcxe-javaxeTis municipalitetis mier mowodebuli monacemebi (ivnisi, 2006). 50

egionuli vaWrobis ganviTareba samcxe-javaxeTSi regionSi miwis sakiTxs aqvs ori ZiriTadi aspeqti. pirvelia saZovrebis privatizacia. saZovrebis siWarbe iwvevs problemebs miwis privatizaciaSi, radgan ar arsebobs aranairi saxis SezRudva, rac ar miscems fermers saZovris gamoyenebis saSualebas. am miwis privatizacia maSin, roca mosaxleoba damokidebulia masze, socialurad da politikurad mZime gadawyvetileba iqneba. meore aspeqtia miwis bazris ararseboba. es ar SeiZleba mieweros privatizacias, radgan saxnav-saTesi miwebis udidesi nawili ukve privatizebulia. regionSi miwis bazari rom ar arsebobs, amis mizezi SezRuduli dasaqmebaa. mosaxleobis umetesoba damokidebulia mis sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis mcire nakveTze, saidanac ojaxi iRebs Semosavals. maTTvis miwis nakveTis gayidva araxelsayrelia, amitom ar moxdeba meurneobebis gaerTianeba erT, ufro momgebian komerciul meurneobad. mTavrobas hqonda mcdeloba, ganxorcielebuliyo erT-erTi komerciuli sasoflosameurneo proeqti, romlis Tanaxmad dagegmili iyo 400 ha moculobis miwis 100 nakveTis gasxviseba maTi sabazro Rirebulebis 20%-ad. iyo moTxovna, rom am miwis mflobel meurneebs moeyvanaT mxolod sasoflo-sameurneo produqti da gaemarTaT gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi. saakaSvilis gancxadebis Tanaxmad, “miwis nakveTis gayidvidan mogebis miReba Cvens prioritets ar warmoadgens. Cveni prioritetia samuSao adgilebis Seqmna”. 115 Tumca am saintereso ideas naklebad SeuZlia qveyanaSi sasoflo-sameurneo sakuTrebis struqturis Secvla. erTaderTi SesaZlebloba amJamad sxvadasxva saxis koleqtiuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebaa, gansakuTrebiT ki bazarze ukve arsebuli produqtebis yidva da gayidva. es procesi ganviTarebis stadiaSia da ufro gamoswordeba gzebis SekeTebis Semdeg. ar SeiZleba komerciuli orientaciis nakleboba mxolod miwis nakveTebis simcires davabraloT. saWiroa konsensusis miRweva ganviTarebis eqspertebs Soris, romelTa azriT, meurneTa umravlesoba, mis sakuTrebaSi myof miwas ar udgeba rogorc komerciul sawarmos, rasac TavisTavad uaryofiTi gavlena aqvs maT SesaZleblobebsa da grZelvadian dagegmarebasa da investiciebze. am problemis gadasaWrelad saWiroa fermerebisTvis biznes-dagegmarebis sferoSi daxmarebis aRmoCena. rogorc biznescentris warmomadgeneli goCa aToSvili ambobs: fermerebis umetesoba iTxovs axal teqnologias, Teslsa da sasuqs. Tumca grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, umjobesia, fermerebisTvis sakonsultacio momsaxurebis gaweva, rac daexmarebaT maT, dagegmon investiciidan miRebuli Semosavlebi, aseve, miiRon informacia mcenareebis dargvis, mosavlis aRebisa da zogadad agrobiznesis marTvis Sesaxeb. 116 adgilobrivi mosaxleoba teqnikuri deficitis ZiriTad gamomwvev mizezad Tvlis fuladi saxsrebis naklebobas, Tumca realuri mizezebia: organizaciuli struqturis gaumarTaoba, kreditis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi da biznes-dagegmareba. AgVantage, magaliTad, ecada, gamoxmaureboda teqnikuri ganviTarebis problemas da daenerga teqnikis gaqiravebis momsaxureba, magram am ideam ar imuSava, radgan sasurveli teqnika adgilobrivi fermerebisTvis Zalian Zviri aRmoCnda. 117 115 `agrobiznesis ganviTarebis samTavrobo gegma~, civiluri saqarTvelo (25 ivlisi, 2007) (http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=15494) 116 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra goCa aToSvils, axalcixis biznescentris xelmZRvanels (26 ivnisi, 2007). 117 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra AgVantage_is direqtors, riCard hurelbrinks (20 agvisto, 2007). 51

<strong>ekonomikuri</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>kvleva</strong> <strong>saqarTvelosa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>somxeTs</strong> <strong>Soris</strong><br />

radgan “soflebs, romlebic mtrulad arian ganwyobili, SeuZliaT erTmaneTs wylis<br />

miwodeba SeuCeron.” 108<br />

rogorc ECMI_is m<strong>kvleva</strong>ri ambobs <strong>da</strong> mas eTanxmeba Zalian bevri <strong>da</strong>mkvirvebeli,<br />

“sairigacio sistema gaumjobesebis stadiaSia”. 109 es aris sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva wyaro<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli<br />

<strong>da</strong>finansebisa <strong>da</strong> mxar<strong>da</strong>Weris Sedegi. msoflio banki afinansebs sairigacio sistemis<br />

aRdgenis (32.8 milioni aSS dolari) proeqts, romelic 6 welia mimdinareobs <strong>da</strong><br />

romelmac ukve gamarTa sairigacio sistema proeqtiT gansazRvruli 110000 ha-<strong>da</strong>n<br />

46000 ha-sTvis. am proeqtis mizania, qveynis masStabiT <strong>da</strong>xmareba aRmouCinos 80000<br />

ojaxs. 110 sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgilobrivma arasamTavrobo organizaciebma: CARE-m, Mercy<br />

Corps-ma <strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programam ganaxorcieles <strong>da</strong> dResac<br />

axorcieleben sairigacio sistemis aRdgenis sagranto proeqtebs samcxe-javaxeTSi.<br />

teqnikuri aRWurviloba <strong>da</strong> masalebi<br />

gar<strong>da</strong> infrastruqturisa, regionSi mniSvnelovani problemaa gaumarTavi teqnikuri<br />

aRWurviloba <strong>da</strong> xarisxiani produqciis sawarmoebeli masalebis mopoveba. axalcixis<br />

gamgeblis moadgile, Salva <strong>da</strong>lalaSvili ambobs, “1989 wlis Semdeg ar SegviZenia<br />

aranairi saxis sasoflo-sameurneo teqnologiao”. 111 meurneebi, aseve, Sewuxebuli<br />

arian Teslisa <strong>da</strong> sasuqis fasebis gaZvirebiT. rogorc axalcixis gamgeblis moadgile<br />

ambobs, “fermerTa mTavari problemaa axali Teslisa <strong>da</strong> pesticidebis SeZena”. 112<br />

fermerTa mTavari moTxovna axali teqnologiebi, iafi masala, pesticidebi <strong>da</strong> Sxamqimikatebia,<br />

magram maTi SeZena ar Sedis kerZo mewarmeebis biznes-gegmebSi, radgan<br />

arsebobs molodini, rom es masalebi fermerebsa <strong>da</strong> movaWreebs un<strong>da</strong> miawodos<br />

mTavrobam an saerTa<strong>Soris</strong>o sazogadoebam. maTi miwodeba <strong>da</strong> SeZena TavisTavad sakmao<br />

TanxebTanaa <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli.<br />

fermerebi TavianT problemad aseve ar miiCneven sabanko sistemas. isini Tvlian,<br />

rom mTavroba an sazogadoeba valdebulia mougvaros maT es.<br />

miwis didi nakveTebi komerciulad ufro sicocxlisunariania. saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />

politikis Tanaxmad, “Tuki aris biznesis tipis SerCevis SesaZlebloba, yvelaze<br />

ufro prioritetulia miwis kerZo mesakuTreoba”. 113 Tumca samcxe-javaxeTis sasoflosameurneo<br />

miwebis 400000 ha-i<strong>da</strong>n mxolod 17%-ia privatizebuli. es, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, saxnavsaTesi<br />

savargulebia. 114 araprivatizebuli miwis 8%, romelic, metwilad, gankuTvnilia<br />

Tivis mosayvanad, amJamad privatizaciis fazaSia. Tumca saxelmwifo miwis nakveTebis<br />

70% gamoiyeneba saZovrebad <strong>da</strong> jer ar ganixileba maTi privatizaciis sakiTxi.<br />

108<br />

gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa <strong>da</strong> kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris m<strong>kvleva</strong>rTa jgufi<br />

gaesaubra <strong>da</strong>viT yifians, Mercy Corps-is warmomadgenels (2, maisi, 2007).<br />

109<br />

evropuli centri umciresobaTa sakiTxebSi, javaxeTi vardebis revoluciis Semdeg: saqarTveloSi erovnuli<br />

erTianobis progresi <strong>da</strong> regresi. ECMI_is samuSao gazeTi #38, (aprili, 2007), gv. 6.<br />

110<br />

msoflio banki, “saqarTvelos soflebis irigaciis aRdgena” (ganxiluli 25 agvistos,2007).:<br />

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/GEORGIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20207398~page<br />

PK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:301746,00.html<br />

111<br />

gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa <strong>da</strong> kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris m<strong>kvleva</strong>rTa jgufi<br />

gaesaubra Salva <strong>da</strong>lalaSvils, axalcixis gamgeblis moadgiles (4 ivnisi, 2007).<br />

112<br />

gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa <strong>da</strong> kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris m<strong>kvleva</strong>rTa jgufi<br />

gaesaubra simon mananians, axalcixis gamgeblis moadgiles (4 ivnisi, 2007).<br />

113<br />

saqarTvelos samTavrobo dokumenti, ZiriTadi monacemebi <strong>da</strong> direqtivebi, 2008-2011 (2007), gv. 5.<br />

(http://www.imf.ge/aattach/285.pdf)<br />

114<br />

samcxe-javaxeTis municipalitetis mier mowodebuli monacemebi (ivnisi, 2006).<br />

50

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