ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris ...
ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris ... ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris ...
ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kvleva saqarTvelosa da somxeTs Soris samcxe-javaxeTis tipuri miwis nakveTi arafriT gansxvavdeba zemoT aRwerilisgan. samcxeSi (ninowmindisa da axalqalaqis garda) Catarebuli 600 mosaxlis bolo gamokiTxvis mixedviT, regionSi damuSavebuli miwis nakveTis saSualo moculoba Seadgens 0.92 ha-s. 93 soflis meurneobaSi warmoebis sami ZiriTadi wamyvani sfero ar aris bolomde aTvisebuli da gamoyenebuli. es mniSvnelovania Cveni miznebisTvis, radgan isini SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT, rogorc potenciuri saeqsporto produqtis Seqmnis wyaro. qvemoT ganxilulia samive industria. kartofilis warmoeba kartofili erTaderTi sasoflo-sameurneo produqtia, romelic didi raodenobiT modis samcxe-javaxeTSi. regionSi kartofilis warmoeba ZiriTadad xdeba patara miwis nakveTebze, romelTa moculobaa 0.5-1.5 ha. kartofilis sawarmoeblad Sesaferisia samcxe-javaxeTis klimaturi pirobebi, radgan, gamomdinare maRalmTiani geografiuli mdebareobidan, mosavlis dainficirebis albaToba naklebia. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Teslis gasamravleblad, radgan sawyisi investicia Teslis warmoebaSi gacilebiT maRalia, vidre sasursaTo kartofilis warmoebaSi da, Tanac, ufro metia xarisxiani saTesle masalis dainficirebis safrTxe. rac ufro didia investicia, miT ufro metad unda ecadon fermerebi, Seamciron riskebi kartofilis warmoebaSi. 94 oTxmocdaaTian wlebamde samcxe-javaxeTSi kartofilis warmoebis done dabali iyo. es mravalma faqtorma ganapiroba: sairigacio sistemis dazianebam, cudma gzebma, rac, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas axdenda fasebis zrdaze; Sesabamisad, rTuli iyo maRali xarisxis sasuqisa da Sxam-qimikatebis mopoveba Tu transportireba. fond “aTaswleulis gamowveva saqarTvelos” uaxlesi angariSis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi kartofilis mosavali 2006 wels Seadgenda 15 tonas heqtarze, Tumca gamarTuli sairigacio sistemis pirobebSi da maRali xarisxis saTesle kartofilisa da sasuqis gamoyenebis Semdeg, SesaZlebeli iqneba misi gazrda 40 tonamde. 95 produqciis warmoebis dabali donis paralelurad, Zalian dabalia Semosavali kartofilis gayidvidan. AgVantage-is, CARE-sa da gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programis SefasebiT, weliwadSi heqtarze 15 tona kartofilidan Semosavali SesaZlebelia iyos 500-1000 lari. Tumca, fasidan gamomdinare, es Tanxa SeiZleba 5000- 8000 laramde gaizardos. 96 (ix. danarTi 1 da 2 _ Semosavlisa da xarjis Sefaseba). kartofilis warmoeba dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva cvalebad garemoebasTan. ra Tqma unda, Semosavali damokidebulia warmoebuli produqciis moculobasa da 93 gorbi, samcxe-javaxeTis SerCeuli soflebis socialuri da ekonomikuri statusi, momzadebulia CARE/DFID_ Tvis, gv. 27-28. 94 ganmarteba ixileT qvemoT. 95 Kocks-is sakonsultacio GmbH, samcxe-javaxeTis gzebis reabilitaciis proeqtis saboloo sococxlisunarianobis angariSi (Tebervali, 2007), gv. 224. amis mizezi, ZiriTadad, aris fasebi. 96 SemosavalSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis Sefasebisas Kocks_is sakonsultacio GmbH iyenebs istoriul Rirebulebas amJamindeli sabazro Rirebulebis SefasebisTvis _ 0.3 lari kg. CARE_isa da gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programis mier momzadebuli Sefaseba eyrdnoba istoriul Rirebulebas _ 0.6 lari kg. maTi azriT, es fasi SenarCundeba. gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra CARE_isa (30 agvisto, 2007) da gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programis agronomebs (31 agvisto, 2007). mogebisa da zaralis SefasebisTvis. ix. danarTi 1 da 2. 46
egionuli vaWrobis ganviTareba samcxe-javaxeTSi fasze. moculobis regulireba SesaZlebelia sairigacio sistemis reabilitaciiT, maRali xarisxis saTesle kartofiliTa da sasuqiT, aseve warmoebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT (Tu ar gaviTvaliswinebT bunebriv kataklizmebsa da daavadebebs). fasi ki gansxvavebuli faqtoria. igi icvleba wlebis ganmavlobaSi. sanam produqciisa da SefuTvis standarti miaRwevs saerTaSoriso dones, fasebis regulirebas axdens adgilobrivi da, umetes SemTxvevaSi, regionuli bazari. Tu regionSi produqtiulobis done izrdeba, Sesabamisad, mcirdeba produqciis fasi da am SemTxvevaSi gamosavali axali saeqsporto bazris moZiebaa. TviTRirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, Tesli yvelaze Zviri warmoebis saSualebaa. arsebobs sxvadasxva xarisxis saTesle kartofili. umaRlesi xarisxia “super elita,” romelic, Cveulebriv, germaniidan da holandiidan Semodis. igi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba “Teslis gasamravleblad”. saTesle kartofils udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs maRali xarisxis kartofilis sawarmoeblad. yovelwliurad xdeba misi daxarisxeba, magram rac ufro meti axali Taoba Cndeba “super elitisgan,” miT ufro dabalia misi xarisxi. Tuki vinme warmoebas iwyebs “super elitis” Semdegi Taobidan, unda axsovdes, rom sam-oTx weliwadSi igi absoluturad unayofo gaxdeba. adre Teslis umetesoba saqarTveloSi Semodioda somxeTidan, romelic Teslis mwarmoebeli qveynebis aTeulSi Sedis. yvelaze didi mwarmoebelia “agriko”, daniuri firma. is axorcielebs “super elitis” imports somxeTSi (saqarTvelos gavliT), sadac xdeba Teslis gamravleba miwis 120 heqtarze da misi regionuli gayidva. “agrikos” 3000 tonidan (2400 tona saTesle da danarCeni sasursaTo kartofili), daaxloebiT, 1000 tona iyideba saqarTveloSi, aqedan 100 tona _ ninowmindaSi. mewarmeebs TviTon SeuZliaT am Teslis gadmotana da ganbaJeba. am Teslis garkveuli nawilis gayidva SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes azerbaijanSi 97 . xorcis produqti xorcis warmoeba sakmaod momgebiani saqmianobaa. zafxulSi mosuqebul saqonels, zamTargamovlil xboebTan erTad, yiduloben gazafxulze (marti-maisi) da mogvianebiT yidian oqtomberSi. Cveni eqvsi Tvis angariSze dayrdnobiT (danarTi 3), SesaZlebelia 4500 laris odenobis sawyis investiciaze 1852 laris mogebis miReba (wliuri mogeba 82%). 98 Tu fermers kreditad aRebuli aqvs 3500 lari, maSin misi mogeba Semcirdeba 1537 laramde (procentis gareSe), magram misi Semosavlis proporcia investiciaze (investicia am SemTxvevaSi 1000 larze naklebi iqneba) Seadgens 300%-s. umetesad, fermerebs ar aqvT am dafinansebis miRebis saSualeba. 99 rZe da yveli rZis produqtebis umetesi nawili iqmneba mcire mewarmeebis mier. isini Tavadve awarmoeben yvels. rZe da yveli amJamad ar iZleva did Semosavals. Cveni gaangariSebidan gamomdinare, wliuri Semosavali TiToeuli Zroxidan Seadgens 258 lars (danarTi 97 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra kamo zaqariansa da gevorq gevorqians, Teslis mwarmoeblebsa da ’’agrikos’’ mewarmeebs, giumri (11 ivlisi, 2007). 98 gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa da kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris mkvlevarTa jgufi gaesaubra CARE-s agronoms (30 agvisto, 2007). 99 sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, Tu fermeri gamoiyenebs 3500 lars 35 rqosani pirutyvis sayidlad, imave 4500 larze Semosavali iqneba 6917 lari 1852 laris nacvlad. SesaZlebelia, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia sxva faqtorebic. 47
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<strong>ekonomikuri</strong> <strong>urTierTobebis</strong> <strong>kvleva</strong> <strong>saqarTvelosa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>somxeTs</strong> <strong>Soris</strong><br />
samcxe-javaxeTis tipuri miwis nakveTi arafriT gansxvavdeba zemoT aRwerilisgan.<br />
samcxeSi (ninowmindisa <strong>da</strong> axalqalaqis gar<strong>da</strong>) Catarebuli 600 mosaxlis bolo<br />
gamokiTxvis mixedviT, regionSi <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli miwis nakveTis saSualo moculoba<br />
Seadgens 0.92 ha-s. 93<br />
soflis meurneobaSi warmoebis sami ZiriTadi wamyvani sfero ar aris bolomde<br />
aTvisebuli <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebuli. es mniSvnelovania Cveni miznebisTvis, radgan isini<br />
SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT, rogorc potenciuri saeqsporto produqtis Seqmnis<br />
wyaro. qvemoT ganxilulia samive industria.<br />
kartofilis warmoeba<br />
kartofili erTaderTi sasoflo-sameurneo produqtia, romelic didi raodenobiT<br />
modis samcxe-javaxeTSi. regionSi kartofilis warmoeba ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d xdeba patara<br />
miwis nakveTebze, romelTa moculobaa 0.5-1.5 ha. kartofilis sawarmoeblad<br />
Sesaferisia samcxe-javaxeTis klimaturi pirobebi, radgan, gamomdinare maRalmTiani<br />
geografiuli mdebareobi<strong>da</strong>n, mosavlis <strong>da</strong>inficirebis albaToba naklebia. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Teslis gasamravleblad, radgan sawyisi investicia<br />
Teslis warmoebaSi gacilebiT maRalia, vidre sasursaTo kartofilis warmoebaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>, Tanac, ufro metia xarisxiani saTesle masalis <strong>da</strong>inficirebis safrTxe. rac<br />
ufro didia investicia, miT ufro metad un<strong>da</strong> ecadon fermerebi, Seamciron riskebi<br />
kartofilis warmoebaSi. 94<br />
oTxmoc<strong>da</strong>aTian wlebamde samcxe-javaxeTSi kartofilis warmoebis done <strong>da</strong>bali<br />
iyo. es mravalma faqtorma ganapiroba: sairigacio sistemis <strong>da</strong>zianebam, cudma<br />
gzebma, rac, Tavis mxriv, gavlenas axden<strong>da</strong> fasebis zr<strong>da</strong>ze; Sesabamisad, rTuli iyo<br />
maRali xarisxis sasuqisa <strong>da</strong> Sxam-qimikatebis mopoveba Tu transportireba. fond<br />
“aTaswleulis gamowveva saqarTvelos” uaxlesi angariSis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi<br />
kartofilis mosavali 2006 wels Seadgen<strong>da</strong> 15 tonas heqtarze, Tumca gamarTuli<br />
sairigacio sistemis pirobebSi <strong>da</strong> maRali xarisxis saTesle kartofilisa <strong>da</strong> sasuqis<br />
gamoyenebis Semdeg, SesaZlebeli iqneba misi gazr<strong>da</strong> 40 tonamde. 95<br />
produqciis warmoebis <strong>da</strong>bali donis paralelurad, Zalian <strong>da</strong>balia Semosavali<br />
kartofilis gayidvi<strong>da</strong>n. AgVantage-is, CARE-sa <strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis<br />
programis SefasebiT, weliwadSi heqtarze 15 tona kartofili<strong>da</strong>n Semosavali<br />
SesaZlebelia iyos 500-1000 lari. Tumca, fasi<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, es Tanxa SeiZleba 5000-<br />
8000 laramde gaizardos. 96 (ix. <strong>da</strong>narTi 1 <strong>da</strong> 2 _ Semosavlisa <strong>da</strong> xarjis Sefaseba).<br />
kartofilis warmoeba <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva cvalebad garemoebasTan. ra<br />
Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, Semosavali <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia warmoebuli produqciis moculobasa <strong>da</strong><br />
93<br />
gorbi, samcxe-javaxeTis SerCeuli soflebis socialuri <strong>da</strong> <strong>ekonomikuri</strong> statusi, momzadebulia CARE/DFID_<br />
Tvis, gv. 27-28.<br />
94<br />
ganmarteba ixileT qvemoT.<br />
95<br />
Kocks-is sakonsultacio GmbH, samcxe-javaxeTis gzebis reabilitaciis proeqtis saboloo sococxlisunarianobis<br />
angariSi (Tebervali, 2007), gv. 224. amis mizezi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, aris fasebi.<br />
96<br />
SemosavalSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebis Sefasebisas Kocks_is sakonsultacio GmbH iyenebs istoriul Rirebulebas<br />
amJamindeli sabazro Rirebulebis SefasebisTvis _ 0.3 lari kg. CARE_isa <strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis<br />
programis mier momzadebuli Sefaseba eyrdnoba istoriul Rirebulebas _ 0.6 lari kg. maTi azriT,<br />
es fasi SenarCundeba. gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programisa <strong>da</strong> kavkasiis resursebis kvlevis centris<br />
m<strong>kvleva</strong>rTa jgufi gaesaubra CARE_isa (30 agvisto, 2007) <strong>da</strong> gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programis<br />
agronomebs (31 agvisto, 2007). mogebisa <strong>da</strong> zaralis SefasebisTvis. ix. <strong>da</strong>narTi 1 <strong>da</strong> 2.<br />
46
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