politikuri partiebis dafinansebis kvleva - CSOgeorgia
politikuri partiebis dafinansebis kvleva - CSOgeorgia politikuri partiebis dafinansebis kvleva - CSOgeorgia
organoebis damoukidebloba saeWvoa, rodesac isini sakanonmdeblo an aRmasrulebel organoebs eqvemdebarebian. 170 saqarTvelosTvis SeiZleba saintereso iyos safrangeTis, irlandiisa da poloneTis magali- Tebi, sadac partiebis dafinansebis Semowmeba xelisuflebisgan sruliad damoukidebel organoebs evalebaT. 171 safrangeTis kampaniis angariSebisa da politikis dafinansebis makontrolebeli organo saar- Cevno periodSi, 33 mudmivi TanamSromlis garda, qiraobs 170 droebiT TanamSromels, romlebic Tvalyurs adevneben gazeTebs da informaciis sxva saSualebebs, raTa aRmoaCinon saarCevno kampaniis iseTi xarjebi, romlebic aRricxuli ar aris politikur partiaTa angariSebSi. 172 60 `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelos~ finansuri monitoringis organos damoukideblobisa da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis Svidi pirobis dacva miaCnia mniSvnelovnad: 1. finansuri monitoringis organo unda iyos mudmivmoqmedi. 2. organos wevrebi unda airCios parlamentma, xolo aparati Tavad am organom unda daakompleqtos. 3. organos wevrebi unda dainiSnon garantirebuli vadiT, magaliTad, 5-7 wliT. am organos wevrs ar unda hqondes aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis ganmeorebiT dakavebis ufleba. es Seamcirebs Tanamdebobis SenarCunebis mizniT organos wevris mikerZoebulobis risks. 4. organos garantirebuli unda hqondes adekvaturi dafinanseba da teqnikuri resursebi. 173 5. damoukideblobasTan erTad umniSvnelovanesia, rom am organos kanoniT mieniWos sakmarisi uflebamosileba, raTa realuri kontrolis SesaZlebloba hqondes. mas unda SeeZlos partiebis saxelmwifo auditis Catareba. amave dros, aRniSnulma organom unda gaakontrolos, ramdenad Seesabameba partiebis realuri danaxarjebi maT mier oficialurad gamoqveynebul monacemebs, anu xom ar xdeba Crdilovani xarjva. 6. organos muSaobisas uzrunvelyofili unda iyos gamWvirvalobis maRali xarisxi. mas kanoniT unda daekisros valdebuleba, droulad gamoaqveynos partiebis finansuri angariSebi da sazogadoebisTvis saintereso sxva informacia maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. 174 7. gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia TviT am organos kontrolic. igi angariSvaldebuli unda iyos parlamentis winaSe da yovelwliurad unda warudginos mas Tavisi saqmianobis werilobiTi angariSi. 175 es funqcia SesaZloa saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam an centralurma saarCevno komisiam Seasrulos, Tumca am gadawyvetilebis miRebamde aucilebelia, rom (a) gadaidgas qmediTi nabijebi SerCeuli organos mimarT sazogadoebis ndobis gansamtkiceblad da (b) es organo akmayofilebdes zemoT CamoTvlil Svid pirobas. angariSgebis sistema politikuri partiebis dafinansebis gamWvirvalobis xarisxis asamaRleblad saWiroa daixvewos angariSgebis ramdenime teqnikuri detali. saqarTvelos centraluri saarCevno komisiis 2003 wlis 4 oqtombris #58/2003 gankargulebiT damtkicebulia saarCevno subieqtis saarCevno kampaniisaTvis gamoyenebuli saxsrebis angariSis forma. swored am formis mixedviT waredgineba saarCevno kampaniis fondis angariSi saarCevno komisias yoveli arCevnebis dasrulebis Semdeg. rac Seexeba politikuri partiis wliuri finansuri angariSis formas, igi normatiuli aqtiT saerTod ar aris damtkicebuli. `saerTaSo- 170 GRECO, politikis dafinansebis angariSi, Sefasebis mesame raundi, 2010 wlis 19 maisi, abzaci 73. http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ greco/documents/2010/Greco(2010)8_RapportYVDoublet_EN.pdf 171 iqve, abzaci 72. 172 iqve. 173 TI Policy Position No. 2/2005, Political Finance Regulations: Bridging The Enforcement Gap, nawili 6. http://www.transparency.org/content/ download/1920/11242/file/02policy_brief_political_finance_regulations.pdf 174 iqve, nawili 10. 175 iqve, nawili 9.
iso gamWvirvaloba – saqarTvelos~ mier miRebuli politikuri partiebis wliuri da saarCevno kampaniis fondis angariSebis analizis safuZvelze aSkaraa, rom maT mier wardgenili saarCevno kampaniis fondis angariSebi ufro detaluri da gasagebia, vidre wliuri angariSebi. politikuri partiebis wliuri angariSebi araerTgvarovania, xarjebis klasifikacia ki sxvadasxvagvari, rac angariSebis wakiTxvas da gaweuli xarjebisa da miRebuli Semosavlebis Sesaxeb realuri suraTis Seqmnas arTulebs. Tumca problemebi saarCevno kampaniis angariSgebis formaSic aris. es forma Zalian zogadia. magaliTad, masSi gvxvdeba iseTi zogadi kategoria, rogoricaa `sxva xarjebi~, romelic bevr SemTxvevaSi saarCevno subieqtis mTeli xarjis 50%-s aRemateba, da gaugebari rCeba, ra iyo am xarjebis daniSnuleba. sakmaod xSiria arasworad Sevsebuli angariSebic. SesaZlo xarjebis CamonaTvali maqsimalurad farTo unda iyos, xolo `sxva xarjebis~ grafaSi saWiroa imis aRniSvna, rom, Tu xarjis dasaxeleba sxva grafebSi ar aris aRniSnuli, is `sxva xarjis~ miTiTebisas unda aRiniSnos. mizanSewonilia politikuri partiis finansuri angariSgebis erTiani formis Seqmna, romelSic maqsimalurad detalurad iqneba klasificirebuli partiis Semosavlebi da xarjebi. sasurvelia, rom am formis Sevseba SesaZlebeli iyos eleqtronuli saxiT da rom aRniSnuli angariSebi mudmivad xelmisawvdomi iyos sazogadoebisTvis politikuri partiebis dafinansebis makontrolebeli organos vebgverdis meSveobiT, rogorc es xdeba Tanamdebobis pirTa qonebrivi mdgomareobis deklaraciebis SemTxvevaSi (ix. www.declaration.ge). Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom partiebis finansuri angariSebi iseT monacemTa bazaSi ganTavsdes, romelic saWiro informaciis moZiebas, daxarisxebasa da analizs gaamartivebs. 176 angariSgebis erTiani eleqtronuli formis Seqmna mizanSewonilad miaCnia GRECO-sac, romelic `politikis dafinansebis angariSSi~ dadebiTad afasebs evropis qveynebis, kerZod, luqsemburgis, irlandiis, norvegiis, niderlandis, gaerTianebuli samefos da slovakeTis partiebis mier erTgvarovani eleqtronuli formebis gamoyenebiT angariSgebas. 177 es sxvadasxva partiis mier sxvadasxva dros wardgenili angariSebis Sedarebis saSualebas iZleva. gamWvirvalobis xarisxis asamaRleblad sasurvelia, rom politikuri partiebis finansuri angariSebi da saarCevno subieqtebis finansuri angariSgeba, agreTve maTi finansuri dokumentacia iyos Ria, sajaro informacia da ara kanoniT gansazRvruli romelime saxis saidumlo informacia. aseT SemTxvevaSi igi xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba yvela dainteresebuli pirisTvis kanoniT dadgenili wesiT gamoTxovnis SemTxvevaSi. amasTanave, mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul organos kanoniT daekisros misTvis wardgenili dokumentaciis garkveuli periodis (magaliTad, 5-6 wlis) ganmavlobaSi Senaxvis valdebuleba, raTa saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iyos partiebis Zveli angariSebis gadamowmeba. saarCevno kampaniis fondis gamWvirvaloba da angariSvaldebuleba saqarTveloSi saarCevno kampaniis dafinanseba saqarTvelos organuli kanonis ‘saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsis~ 46-e–48-e muxlebiT regulirdeba; kerZod, saarCevno subieqtebisaTvis savaldebuloa saarCevno kampaniis fondis gaxsna, romelSic unda aisaxos saarCevno kampaniasTan dakavSirebuli yvela Semowiruleba da xarji. saarCevno subieqtebi arCevnebis saboloo Sedegebis gamoqveynebidan erTi Tvis vadaSi waradgenen arCevnebisaTvis gamoyenebuli saxsrebis angariSebs. es informacia xelmisawvdomi xdeba 176 `saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba – saqarTvelos~ analitikosis, derek doleris, blogposti. http://transparency.ge/blog/psamtavrobomonatsemebi-tvalsachino-ar-aris-qoveltvis-gamosadegarip 177 GRECO, politikis dafinansebis angariSi, Sefasebis mesame raundi, 2010 wlis 19 maisi, abzaci 35. http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ greco/documents/2010/Greco(2010)8_RapportYVDoublet_EN.pdf 61
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organoebis damoukidebloba saeWvoa, rodesac isini sakanonmdeblo an aRmasrulebel organoebs eqvemdebarebian.<br />
170 saqarTvelosTvis SeiZleba saintereso iyos safrangeTis, irlandiisa da poloneTis magali-<br />
Tebi, sadac <strong>partiebis</strong> <strong>dafinansebis</strong> Semowmeba xelisuflebisgan sruliad damoukidebel organoebs evalebaT.<br />
171 safrangeTis kampaniis angariSebisa da politikis <strong>dafinansebis</strong> makontrolebeli organo saar-<br />
Cevno periodSi, 33 mudmivi TanamSromlis garda, qiraobs 170 droebiT TanamSromels, romlebic Tvalyurs<br />
adevneben gazeTebs da informaciis sxva saSualebebs, raTa aRmoaCinon saarCevno kampaniis iseTi<br />
xarjebi, romlebic aRricxuli ar aris politikur partiaTa angariSebSi. 172<br />
60<br />
`saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelos~ finansuri monitoringis organos damoukideblobisa<br />
da efeqtianobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis Svidi pirobis dacva miaCnia mniSvnelovnad:<br />
1. finansuri monitoringis organo unda iyos mudmivmoqmedi.<br />
2. organos wevrebi unda airCios parlamentma, xolo aparati Tavad am organom unda daakompleqtos.<br />
3. organos wevrebi unda dainiSnon garantirebuli vadiT, magaliTad, 5-7 wliT. am organos wevrs ar<br />
unda hqondes aRniSnuli Tanamdebobis ganmeorebiT dakavebis ufleba. es Seamcirebs Tanamdebobis<br />
SenarCunebis mizniT organos wevris mikerZoebulobis risks.<br />
4. organos garantirebuli unda hqondes adekvaturi dafinanseba da teqnikuri resursebi. 173<br />
5. damoukideblobasTan erTad umniSvnelovanesia, rom am organos kanoniT mieniWos sakmarisi uflebamosileba,<br />
raTa realuri kontrolis SesaZlebloba hqondes. mas unda SeeZlos <strong>partiebis</strong> saxelmwifo<br />
auditis Catareba. amave dros, aRniSnulma organom unda gaakontrolos, ramdenad Seesabameba <strong>partiebis</strong><br />
realuri danaxarjebi maT mier oficialurad gamoqveynebul monacemebs, anu xom ar xdeba<br />
Crdilovani xarjva.<br />
6. organos muSaobisas uzrunvelyofili unda iyos gamWvirvalobis maRali xarisxi. mas kanoniT unda<br />
daekisros valdebuleba, droulad gamoaqveynos <strong>partiebis</strong> finansuri angariSebi da sazogadoebisTvis<br />
saintereso sxva informacia maTi saqmianobis Sesaxeb. 174<br />
7. gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia TviT am organos kontrolic. igi angariSvaldebuli<br />
unda iyos parlamentis winaSe da yovelwliurad unda warudginos mas Tavisi saqmianobis werilobiTi<br />
angariSi. 175<br />
es funqcia SesaZloa saqarTvelos kontrolis palatam an centralurma saarCevno komisiam Seasrulos,<br />
Tumca am gadawyvetilebis miRebamde aucilebelia, rom (a) gadaidgas qmediTi nabijebi SerCeuli organos<br />
mimarT sazogadoebis ndobis gansamtkiceblad da (b) es organo akmayofilebdes zemoT CamoTvlil Svid<br />
pirobas.<br />
angariSgebis sistema<br />
<strong>politikuri</strong> <strong>partiebis</strong> <strong>dafinansebis</strong> gamWvirvalobis xarisxis asamaRleblad saWiroa daixvewos<br />
angariSgebis ramdenime teqnikuri detali. saqarTvelos centraluri saarCevno komisiis 2003 wlis 4<br />
oqtombris #58/2003 gankargulebiT damtkicebulia saarCevno subieqtis saarCevno kampaniisaTvis gamoyenebuli<br />
saxsrebis angariSis forma. swored am formis mixedviT waredgineba saarCevno kampaniis fondis<br />
angariSi saarCevno komisias yoveli arCevnebis dasrulebis Semdeg. rac Seexeba <strong>politikuri</strong> partiis<br />
wliuri finansuri angariSis formas, igi normatiuli aqtiT saerTod ar aris damtkicebuli. `saerTaSo-<br />
170 GRECO, politikis <strong>dafinansebis</strong> angariSi, Sefasebis mesame raundi, 2010 wlis 19 maisi, abzaci 73. http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/<br />
greco/documents/2010/Greco(2010)8_RapportYVDoublet_EN.pdf<br />
171 iqve, abzaci 72.<br />
172 iqve.<br />
173 TI Policy Position No. 2/2005, Political Finance Regulations: Bridging The Enforcement Gap, nawili 6. http://www.transparency.org/content/<br />
download/1920/11242/file/02policy_brief_political_finance_regulations.pdf<br />
174 iqve, nawili 10.<br />
175 iqve, nawili 9.
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