Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis - Ganatleba
Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis - Ganatleba
Tamar mefis saxe beTaniis - Ganatleba
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Sesavali<br />
literaturas<br />
Sefarebuli eri<br />
`ritorikaSi sweria: yvelaferi Sesav liT<br />
unda daiwyos kacmao. WeS maritia. Cvenc ise<br />
daviwyoT.~<br />
ilia WavWavaZe, `kacia-adamiani?!~<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili aleqsandre WavWavaZis salonSi.<br />
mxatvari _ elene axvlediani
10<br />
nebismieri drois literatura Tavisi Tanamedrove epoqis sarkea.<br />
XIX saukunis qarTuli literaturac Cveni qveynis imJamindel<br />
viTarebas asaxavs. gaixseneT, riT damTavrda saqarTvelosaTvis<br />
XVIII saukune da ra mniSvnelovani politikuri cvlileba moxda<br />
qarTveli eris cxovrebaSi 1801 wels?<br />
waikiTxeT qvemoT moyvanili fragmentebi imdroindel moR vaweTa<br />
pub li cisturi werilebidan da maTze dayrdnobiT ims jeleT, ra<br />
rols asrulebda literatura XIX saukunis qarTuli sazogadoebis<br />
cxovrebaSi da romeli ori ZiriTadi intonacia (orgvari kilo)<br />
ganmsWvalavda mas?<br />
ilia WavWavaZe<br />
...meTvramete saukunis vaivag laxma<br />
da mecxrametis pirvel wlebis<br />
wew vaglejam Cveni eri mohRala, qanci<br />
gauwyvita, Tavis Tavis imedi da akar<br />
gvina. roca SemTxveva mieca, Ta vi<br />
TiTqo mosvenebas misca: gau yuC da, da<br />
TiTqmis xmaamouRebliv da e morCila<br />
axlad movlenils bedsa da garemoebas...<br />
xangrZliv SfoTebs Semdeg sveneba<br />
upriania, rogorc cal ke kacisaTvis,<br />
isec mTeli erisaTvis. amas buneba<br />
moiTxovs...<br />
Cvenda sanugeSod, amisTana uqmad<br />
yofnam, rogorc azrisam, isec saqmisam,<br />
Tavi didxans ver Seinaxa. verc<br />
Seinaxavda, imitom, rom, ramodenadac<br />
xani midioda, imodenad Cvenoba da<br />
ucxooba Tumca erTmaneTs iSvendnen,<br />
magram gulSi ki erTmaneTs vera hrigdebodnen.<br />
am ambavs, ra Tqma unda, azri unda<br />
daeZra ase Tu ise samoqmedod, da is<br />
upasuxod darCenili sakiTxi: `vina<br />
varT da rani varT~ _ xelaxlad unda<br />
gamosuliyo moedanze.<br />
werilebi qarTul literaturaze<br />
(fragmenti)<br />
pirveli aseTi niSani eris vinaobisa<br />
enaa da, ai, swored pirvelman aman<br />
aidga fexi CvenSi, Semdeg karga xnis<br />
dumilisa. amasTan Cvens cxovrebas,<br />
Cvens azrTa svlas, Cvens zrunvas da<br />
fiqrsa, mTelis bunebiTad rTulis<br />
cxovrebis farTo moednidam _ mci re<br />
kunWuliRa hqonda daTmobili Ja m Ta<br />
viTarebisagan. marto am kun WulSiRa<br />
gaxda SesaZlebeli Cvenis cxov re bisaTvis<br />
moRvawe kacs Tavi eCi na, eg<br />
iyo mwerloba, romelic hzrdis da<br />
inaxavs enasa, da romelmac xelaxlad<br />
xma amoiRo am saukunis ocda aTian<br />
wlebSi. amiT daiwyo, Cve nis fiqriT,<br />
meore xana Cvenis cxov rebisa. Cvenma<br />
azrTa svlam, mimarTulebam, saqmianobam<br />
aq Seifara Tavi, da amitomac<br />
maTis gamonaskvis, zrdis da ma <br />
tebis ambavi aq unda ve ZioT. aq gamoCndeba<br />
_ guSin ras vsdevdiT axalnica<br />
da Zvelnica, aq davinaxavT _<br />
ras iTxovda JamTa siarulSi wina<br />
dRe.<br />
1892 w.<br />
kita abaSiZe<br />
etiudebi<br />
me-19 saukunis qarTuli literaturis Se<strong>saxe</strong>b<br />
... saqarTvelo, rogorc damou kidebeli<br />
politikuri arseba, moispo mec<br />
xramete saukunis pirvelsave we ls.<br />
me cxramete saukunidan qar T vel ers<br />
Tavisi sruli cxovreba aRa ra hqonia...<br />
misi moqmedeba, azri, fiq ri, miswrafeba<br />
marto erT rameSi gamoixateboda _<br />
literaturaSi da isic li teraturis<br />
erT dargSi _ sityvakazmul mwerlo<br />
baSi. po litikuri da eko nomikuri<br />
cvli lebani moxda gare Se Cvenis mona<br />
wi leobisa da gavlenisa; TiT qmis<br />
arc erTi am cvlilebaTagani Cven axlosac<br />
ar gagvkarebia (saerobo TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
da naficTa msajulis<br />
instituti, SeRavaTiani cen zura da<br />
sxva).<br />
mecnieruli da filosofiuri<br />
msv le lobisac ki sruliad gareSe mayu<br />
reblad davrCiT: sasuliero da saero<br />
akademiebi da universitetebi _<br />
es mecnierebisa da filosofiis navTsadgurni,<br />
sxvadasxvagvari umaR lesi<br />
skolebi Cven TvaliTac ar dagvanaxes.<br />
swavlaaRzrdis saqme Cvens xelSi<br />
ar aris da Cvens gavlenas sav sebiT<br />
aci lebulia.<br />
(fragmenti)<br />
sityvakazmuli mwerloba Seiqmna<br />
er TaderTi mxare cxovrebisa, ro melic<br />
am cxovrebis viTarebis utyuari,<br />
xelovnuri gamomxatveli iyo.<br />
umTavresi kilo Cveni mwerlobisa<br />
(gansakuTrebiT, poeziisa) orgvaria<br />
_ ornair pirobis, ornair garemoebis,<br />
ornairi zedgavlenis qveS aRzrdili<br />
da gaWedili. politikuri da<br />
sa zo gadoebrivi pirobebi iseTi iyo,<br />
rom Rrma sevdiTa da oxvriT avsebda<br />
yo veli Segnebuli qarTvelis guls<br />
da usasoo pesimizmisaken miaqanebda<br />
Cven mwerlobas. xolo saukuneebis<br />
gan mav lobaSi Seqmnili Cvenis kul turis,<br />
mwer lobis magaliTebi sul imas<br />
Cag vZaxodnen da CagvCiCinebdnen:<br />
`hxams mamaci gagulovndes, WirTa<br />
Si gan ar daRondeso~ da `hxams mamaci<br />
ma macuri, sjobs razomca nela<br />
stir sa, Wirsa Sigan gamagreba ase<br />
un da, viT qvitkirsao~. am didebuli<br />
nu ge Sismcemelisa da gamamxnevebelis<br />
wya lobiT Cveni literaturac ascda<br />
uni adago da uSinaarso wuwunsa da<br />
godebas.<br />
1911 w.<br />
11
12<br />
Tavi I<br />
romantizmi -<br />
saukunis savizito<br />
baraTi<br />
`visac gsurT CemTa ambavTa cnoba,<br />
mismineT WirSi flobils...~<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
`cudad xom mainc ar Caivlis es ganwiruli<br />
suliskveTeba<br />
da gza uvali, Sengan Telili, merano Cemo,<br />
mainc darCeba.~<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
1832, seriidan `qarTuli aristokratia~. mxatvari _ levan WoRoSvili<br />
13
Sinaarsi<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe ................................................................................ 15<br />
movemzadoT teqstebis wasakiTxad<br />
arsebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis axalTan dakavSireba ...... 17<br />
mxatvruli analizis elementebi<br />
romantizmi ..................................................................................................... 17<br />
kiTxvis startegia<br />
literaturuli konteqstis gaTvaliswineba ................................... 17<br />
visac gsurT...................................................................................................... 22<br />
datyvevebuli qali (satrfo) ferwerasa da poeziaSi .................. 23<br />
vah, droni, droni ........................................................................................... 24<br />
samSoblos satkivari alegoriebis gareSe ....................................... 25<br />
gogCa ................................................................................................................... 27<br />
nangrevebis esTetika da `gogCa~ ........................................................... 30<br />
siyvarulo Zalsa Sensa ................................................................................ 31<br />
grigol orbeliani ....................................................................................... 32<br />
iaralis .............................................................................................................. 34<br />
sadRegrZelo ................................................................................................... 39<br />
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>mefis</strong> <strong>saxe</strong> <strong>beTaniis</strong> eklesiaSi ...................................................... 46<br />
saRamo gamosalmebisa .................................................................................. 49<br />
muxambazi ........................................................................................................... 51<br />
fsalmuni ........................................................................................................... 52<br />
he, iveriav ......................................................................................................... 53<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili ............................................................................... 54<br />
SemoRameba mTawmindaze .............................................................................. 56<br />
leqsis finalis orgvari gaazreba ....................................................... 58<br />
merani ................................................................................................................. 60<br />
TvalbediTi Savi yorani ........................................................................... 62<br />
xma idumali ...................................................................................................... 63<br />
suli oboli ..................................................................................................... 65<br />
sulo boroto.................................................................................................. 67<br />
Cemi locva ........................................................................................................ 68<br />
vpove taZari ..................................................................................................... 69<br />
rad hyvedri kacsa... ...................................................................................... 71<br />
romantikosTa qarTuli ............................................................................. 72<br />
damatebiTi sakiTxavi ............................................................................... 74<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
(1786-1846)<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe, romantikosi<br />
poeti, samxedro piri, daibada<br />
1786 wels peterburgSi; mamamisi,<br />
gar sevan WavWavaZe saqarTvelos el Ci<br />
iyo ruseTSi; man moawera xeli 1783<br />
wels georgievskis traqtats.<br />
aleqsandres deda, mariam avaliSvili,<br />
Tavisi drois kvalobaze ganaTlebuli,<br />
`vefxistyaosanze~ aRzrdili<br />
qali iyo. aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
ruseTis imperatricas, ekaterine<br />
me orisa, da imperator aleqsandre<br />
pir velis naTluli gaxldaT.<br />
didebuli naTesaoba da aristo <br />
k ra tiuli wre aleqsandres saukeTeso<br />
aRzrdis pirobebs uqmnida.<br />
oTxi wlis iyo momavali poeti,<br />
ro desac misi ojaxi saqarTveloSi dabrunda. mas Tan gamohyva frangi<br />
aRmzrdeli, romelmac mas franguli, germanuli, rusuli da sparsuli<br />
enebi Seaswavla.<br />
mamis elCobam WavWavaZeTa ojaxi kvlav ruseTs gaamgzavra. aq aleqsandre<br />
paJTa korpusSi Seiyvanes, romlis dasrulebis Semdeg gamwesda paJad<br />
<strong>mefis</strong> sasaxleSi.<br />
amasobaSi saqarTveloSi yvelaferi airdairia. Tbilisi daiwva, erek <br />
le gardaicvala, <strong>mefis</strong> saxloba ruseTSi gadaasaxles. aleqsandre saqarTvelos<br />
Se<strong>saxe</strong>b ambebs iq Casuli qarTuli ojaxebisgan igebda.<br />
1804 wels mTiuleTSi ajanyebam ifeTqa; 18 wlis aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
ajanyebulebs SeuerTda. ruseTis jarebma ajanyeba CaaxSes da sxvebTan<br />
erTad aleqsandrec gadaasaxles q. tambovSi.<br />
saqarTveloSi dabrunebulma 26 wlis aleqsandrem colad SeirTo<br />
ivane jambakurorbelianis asuli salome. 1812 wels kaxeTi ajanyda ruseTis<br />
mmarTvelobis winaaRmdeg. mTavrobam saqmis mogvareba aleqsandre<br />
WavWavaZes miando. tkbilma sityvam ar gaWra da mTavrobis jarebma Zala<br />
gamoiyenes. aleqsandre wuxda sakuTar ZmebTan brZolis gamo; igi kinaRam<br />
msxverplad Seewira am ajanyebas, erTma glexkacma fexSi daWra.<br />
amis Semdeg igi kvlav ruseTSia da napoleonis winaaRmdeg ibrZvis, 1814<br />
wels parizSi Sedis koaliciis jarTan erTad.<br />
saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli aleqsandre samxedro samsaxurSia. man monawileoba<br />
miiRo ruseTosmaleTis omSi da aiRo baiazeTi.<br />
1832 wels saqarTveloSi mzaddeboda TavadaznaurTa SeTqmuleba ruseTis<br />
winaaRmdeg, romelic dawyebamde gaTqva erTerTma monawilem, iase<br />
falavandiSvilma. yvela SeTqmuli daapatimres, maT Soris _ aleqsan<br />
15
dre WavWavaZec da 4 wliT isev q. tambovSi gadaasaxles. 1837 wels<br />
saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli dabrunebuli kvlav samxedro samsaxurSi<br />
Cadga.<br />
yvelam icoda, rom, samxedro saqmesTan erTad, aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
leqsebs werda. sazogadoebis yvela fenaSi icnobdnen da uyvardaT misi<br />
nawarmoebebi.<br />
mis xasiaTze kargad metyvelebs erTi faqti: `erTxel Tavad konstantine<br />
muxranskim iyara kenWi. aleqsandrec moiwvies kenWis Casagdebad.<br />
aleqsandre miubrunda am dros Tavad muxranskis amgvari sityvebiT:<br />
_kniazo konstantine, Cemze amboben, rom viTom me Seni mteri viyo, rom<br />
dagimtkico es marTali azri, saqveynod momirTmevia TqvenTvis es Cemi<br />
Savi xmao. _ gamoswia ujra da Savi kenWi Caugdo~ (iona meunargia).<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis ojaxi cnobili iyo stumarTmoyvareobiT, aq<br />
xSirad ikribeboda maRali sazogadoeba. aleqsandres oTxi Svili hyavda:<br />
erTi vaJi, daviTi, da sami qaliSvili. nino misTxovda rus poet aleqsandre<br />
griboedovs, ekaterine _ samegrelos ukanasknel mTavars, daviT dadians,<br />
sofio _ baron nikolais.<br />
ninos garda, yvelas darCa STamomavloba.<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis gardacvaleba moulodneli iyo. 1846 wlis 6 noembers,<br />
dilas, poeti <strong>mefis</strong>nacval voroncovTan gaemarTa dReobaze. roca<br />
misi etli golovinis prospeqts miuaxlovda, uecrad erTma dedakacma<br />
saxlidan sapniani wyali gamoitana da quCaze gadaRvara; cxeni dafrTxa,<br />
SeSinebulma meetlem veRar daiWira. aleqsandrem misi miSveleba scada,<br />
wamoiwia da poetis grZeli Sinelis kalTa borbalma CaiTria. aleqsandre<br />
Zirs gadmovarda da grZnobamixdili imave saRamos garda icvala.<br />
igi kaxeTSi, SuamTis monasterSi dakrZales.<br />
movemzadoT teqstebis wasakiTxad<br />
davakavSiroT<br />
arsebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis axalTan dakavSireba<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis biografiaSi naxsenebi movlenebi (1804 wlis<br />
mTiuleTis ajanyeba, 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba da sxv.) TqvenTvis saqarTvelos<br />
istoriis kursidan aris cnobili. gaixseneT, ra iciT 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis<br />
Se<strong>saxe</strong>b?<br />
sanam romantikosTa Semoqmedebis Seswavlas daiwyebT, girCevT waikiTxoT<br />
damatebiTi masala, romelic am Tavis bolos aris warmodgenili<br />
da naxoT, rogor acocxlebs mwerali (mixeil javaxiSvili) aRniSnul<br />
epoqas.<br />
gavaanalizoT<br />
mxatvruli analizis elementebi<br />
romantizmi. romantizmi imdenad mniSvnelovani movlenaa xelovnebisa<br />
da kulturis itoriaSi, rom misi arsis wvdomis gareSe SeuZlebelia XIX<br />
saukunis mxatvruli azrovnebis gageba. es mimdinareoba XVIIIXIX saukuneebis<br />
mijnaze TiTqmis erTdroulad aRmocenda evropis wamyvan qveyneb<br />
Si da xelovnebis yvela dargi (literatura, musika, mxatvroba, arqiteqtura...)<br />
moicva.<br />
romantikosi mwerlebi arian: h.haine, novalisi, e.T.a. hofmani, f. holderlini<br />
(germaniaSi); u. uordsvorTi, s.t. kolriji, j.g. baironi, p.b. Seli,<br />
m. Seli (inglisSi); a. lamartini, v. hiugo, J. sandi, r. Satobriani, a. diuma<br />
(safrangeTSi); j. leopardi (italiaSi); a. mickeviCi (poloneTSi); h. melvili,<br />
u. uitmeni, e.a. po (amerikaSi); a.s. puSkini, m.i. lermontovi (ruseTSi);<br />
a. WavWavaZe, gr. orbeliani, n. baraTaSvili (saqarTveloSi).<br />
marTalia, romantizms yvela qveyanaSi Taviseburi <strong>saxe</strong> hqonda, magram<br />
saerTo niSnebic aSkara iyo. XIX saukunem yvelgan erTnairi cnobiereba<br />
da ganwyoba warmoSva. `mTeli Taoba Sav meranze ijda da bedis sazRvris<br />
gadalaxvas lamobda,~_ ase daaxasiaTa es ganwyoba cnobilma qarTvelma<br />
kritikosma geronti qiqoZem. am daxasiaTebaSi Cans romantizmis erTer<br />
Ti arsebiTi niSani _ sinamdvilidan gaqceva da ocnebis samyarosken<br />
swrafva.<br />
romantikuli msoflaRqmis da mxatvruli meTodis safuZvelia ori<br />
samyaros _ realurisa da idealuris _ arsebobis D daSveba. amasTanave,<br />
romantikosTa azriT, realur da idealur samyaros, anu sinamdvilesa da<br />
ideals Soris uzarmazari ufskrulia.<br />
romantikosebisaTvis ideali ganusazRvrelia, usasrulo, srulyofili,<br />
mSvenieri, idumalebiT moculi da Seucnobeli, sinamdvile ki _ mdabali,<br />
aramdgradi, denadi da warmavali.<br />
romantikosTa azriT, sinamdvileSi idealis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia,<br />
radgan ideali, romelic mxolod sulier sferoSi anu adamianis<br />
16 17
18<br />
warmosaxvaSi arsebobs, materiaSi<br />
xorcSesxmisas aucileblad<br />
ma xin jdeba. romantikuli<br />
idealis mouxelTeblobis<br />
gamoxa tuleba iyo germanel<br />
romantikosTa mier damkvidrebuli<br />
usazRvroebis kulti.<br />
gaxsni li Tvalsawieri, maradiuli<br />
moZ raoba, mudam SoreTisaken<br />
mswrafi horizonti romantikosTa<br />
SemoqmedebaSi organulad<br />
aris dakavSirebuli<br />
avtorTa ocnebasTan, miuaxlovdnen<br />
da Seerwyan idumalebiT<br />
mocul usazRvroebas.<br />
usazRvroebis kultis gamoxatuleba<br />
iyo is, rom germaneli<br />
romantikosi mxatvari kaspar<br />
david fri d rixi peizaJebs horizon<br />
tebis gareSe xatav da, ris<br />
gamoc mnaxvels iseTi gancda<br />
eufleboda, TiT qos misi mzera<br />
usasrulobaSi inT q meboda. us<br />
mogzauri, mxatvari _ k. d. fridrixi<br />
azRvroebisken ltolva erTer<br />
Ti mTavari motivia nikolozbaraTaSvilis<br />
po eziaSic.<br />
ori samyaros arseboba romantikosisaTvis SemoqmedebiTi sixarulis<br />
saTavec aris da tragikuli gancdisac; sixarulisa imitom, rom arsebobs<br />
idealuri samyaro, sadac aris is, rac ar aris aq, realur sinamdvileSi<br />
_ mSveniereba, zneoba, maradiuli, waruvali Rirebulebebi, tragikulisa<br />
ki imitom, rom idealuri samyaro miuwvdomelia da adamiani ganwirulia<br />
materialur da mdabal realobaSi arsebobisaTvis. aqedan iRebs saTaves<br />
romantikosTa `msoflio sevda~.<br />
romantikulma literaturam Seqmna gmiris sruliad axali tipi _ martosuli<br />
adamiani, romelic upirispirdeba garemomcvel samyaros. romantikuli<br />
gmiris ZiriTadi Tvisebaa dauZleveli miswrafeba SeuzRudavi<br />
pirovnuli Tavisuflebisaken, rasac mosdevs sazogadoebisgan gariyva.<br />
buneba, iseve rogorc religia, xelovneba, egzotikuri qveynebi da<br />
erovnuli warsuli (istoria, folklori), sazogadoebisgan gaqceuli TuU<br />
gandevnili romantikuli gmiris TavSesafaria. aq daeZebs igi im ideals,<br />
romelic realur cxovrebaSi ver ipova. bunebaSi ganmartoeba aZlevs romantikoss<br />
TviTCaRrmavebis, Wvretisa da filosofiuri meditaciis saSualebas.<br />
buneba erTiani da daunawevrebeli samyaros TvisebebiT aris aR<br />
Wurvili da mis wiaRSi yofna exmareba romantikul gmirs, Tavi am erTiani<br />
samyaros ganuyofel nawilad warmoidginos. amasTan igi bunebas swvdeba<br />
ara Semecnebisa da aRqmis saSualebiT, aramed grZnobisa da warmosaxvis<br />
wyalobiT. germaneli poeti novalisi mouTmenlad eloda Rames, radgan<br />
mis siCumeSi ukeT SeigrZnobda Tavs uzarmazari samyaros organul nawilad.<br />
aseve bunebis saSualebiT cdilobda nikoloz baraTaSvili samyaros<br />
universaluri kanonebis wvdomas (`mrwams, rom ars ena ram saidumlo uasakoTa<br />
da usulT Soris~).<br />
buneba romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi organulad aris dakavSirebuli<br />
idealTan, magram radgan romantikuli ideali arsebiTad miuwvdomelia,<br />
romantikosi verc bunebaSi poulobs saboloo navsayudels: `gulisTqma<br />
Cemi Sens iqiTa eZiebs sadgurs~ (nikoloz baraTaSvili).<br />
verc siyvaruls moaqvs simSvide romantikuli gmirisaTvis. romantikuli<br />
siyvaruli yovelTvis tragikulad mTavrdeba, radgan mTeli samyaro<br />
SeyvarebulTa bednierebis winaaRmdegia. siyvarulis daRupva tragediis<br />
bolo aqtia romantikul dramaSi. gmiri martoobisTvis aris ganwiruli,<br />
radgan romantikuli siyvarulis tragizmi da momxiblaoba is gaxlavT,<br />
rom igi erTaderTia da ganumeorebeli (`sabraloa mxolod suli oboli,<br />
ZnelRa hpoos, ra dakargos man toli~).<br />
vinaidan romantikosebi upiratesad adamianis Sinagani gancdebis gadmocemas<br />
meswrafodnen, romantikuli xelovnebis principebs literaturaSi<br />
yvelaze ukeT lirika avlens, romelSic wamyvan rols swored<br />
avtoris subieqturi gan <br />
cda TamaSobs. amitomac<br />
gabatonda romantikul<br />
literaturaSi lirizmis<br />
stiqia. lirika SeiW ra<br />
epikur JanrebSic da aman<br />
ganapiroba sruliad axali<br />
Janris _ lirikulepikuri<br />
poemis _ ga Cena,<br />
romlis erTerT pirvel<br />
nimuSsac baironis<br />
`Caildha roldi~ warmoadgens.lirikulepikuri<br />
po emaa n.baraTaSvilis<br />
`be di qarTlisa~, romelic<br />
Tqven IX klasSi SeiswavleT.<br />
am Janris Tavi<br />
sebureba is aris, rom<br />
masSi obieqturi Txrobis<br />
paralelurad arsebobs<br />
avtoris plani, romelic<br />
swrafi Sefasebebis, lirikuli<br />
gadaxvevebis Sem <br />
TxveviTi rigi ki ar aris,<br />
tyeSi ganmartoebuli Jenevieva, mxatvari _ a. l. rixteri<br />
19
20<br />
aramed masalis mxa tvruli gamTlianebis saSualeba. lirikulepikur<br />
poemaSi avtori, romelic formalurad poemis gmiri ar gaxlavT, sinamdvileSi<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani moqmedi piria, radgan masSi umTavresi<br />
swored movlenebis subieqturi, avtoriseuli aRqmaa.<br />
romantikuli esTetikis udidesi monapovari adamianis sulis sir<br />
Tulis, winaaRmdegobriobis, amouwuraobis aRmoCena iyo. adamiani romantikosisaTvis<br />
mcire samyaroa, mikrokosmosia, romlis sulSic, iseve<br />
rogorc garesamyaroSi, erTmaneTs ebrZvis realuri da idealuri, materialuri<br />
da sulieri, boroti da keTili. adamianis sulis siRrmee bis<br />
moxilva, Zlieri da mkveTri vnebebisadmi interesi, sulis `saidumlo<br />
rxevebze~, mis `Rameul~ mxareze gadatanili yuradReba, aracnobierisa<br />
da intuiciurisken swrafva romantikuli xelovnebis arsebiTi niSania<br />
(nikoloz baraTaSvilis `xma idumali~, `sulo boroto~).<br />
romantizmi saqarTveloSi. xSirad amboben, rom romantizmi literaturaSi<br />
leqsisa da leqsis mweralTa epoqa iyo. romantizmis arc erT<br />
erovnul gamovlinebas ar miesadageba es azri ise zustad, rogorc qar<br />
Tuls. romantizmma saqarTveloSi swored leqsis mweralTa Semoqmedeba<br />
Si iCina Tavi. sami didi warmomadgenlis _ aleqsandre WavWavaZis, gri gol<br />
orbelianisa da nikoloz baraTaSvilis _ garda, romantizms CvenSi sxva<br />
mimdevrebic hyavda (daviT maCabeli, mixeil TumaniSvili, vaxtang orbeliani,<br />
mamia gurieli), magram radgan romantikuli literaturis tendenciebi<br />
yvelaze srulad am sameulis SemoqmedebaSi gamovlinda, qarTuli<br />
romantizmis daxasiaTebisas ZiriTadad maT Txzulebebs eyrdnobian.<br />
literaturismcodneobaSi aRniSnulia, rom romantikosebma daiwyes<br />
qarTuli leqsis evropeizacia, anu im ZiriTadi motivebisa da tendenciebis<br />
danergva qarTul poeziaSi, rac maSindel evropul literaturas<br />
axasiaTebda. amas ki sruliad axali, aRmosavlurisagan gansxvavebuli,<br />
poeturi kulturis Seqmna mohyva.<br />
maSindeli qarTuli ganaTlebuli sazogadoeba evropul literaturas<br />
ecnoboda rogorc originaLlSi, ise rusuli Targmanebis wyalobiT.<br />
saqarTveloSi Targmnidnen rogorc rusi, ise evropeli avtorebis Txzulebebs.<br />
Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom is, rac saerTo hqonda qarTul<br />
romantizms rogorc evropul, ise rusul romantizmTan, ideaTa paralelizmiT<br />
ufro aixsneba, vidre uSualo mibaZviT (gaixseneT geronti<br />
qiqoZis gamonTqvami).<br />
erTxel aleqsandre orbelians aleqsandre WavWavaZisaTvis ukiTxavs:<br />
`kniazo, Tqveni leqsebi rom ase ganasxvaveT da sxva subuqi anu lbili<br />
wyobileba rom mieciT, saidan SemoiReT amgvari meleqseoba?~<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZes upasuxia: `swored getyviT, Cveni bliaZeebisagan<br />
(mestvireebisagan) SemoviRe. kargad iciT, me bevrs franciculs wignebs<br />
vkiT xulob, Cveni mestvireebis martivs ybedobas evropuli siamovneba<br />
miveci da aqedan gakeTda iseTi leqsebi. ai, es aris mizezi, sxva araferi~<br />
(ioseb griSaSvili, literaturuli narkvevebi).<br />
es, erTi SexedviT, salonuri da TiTqmis sasxvaTaSoriso kiTxvamigeba<br />
mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs. kerZod, aqedan Cans, rom romantiku<br />
li poezia TvalSisacemi siaxle iyo qarTul mwerlobaSi, Tumca igi ar<br />
upirispirdeboda Zvels, radgan misi miRebaarmiRebis problema qarTul<br />
sinamdvileSi ar damdgara.<br />
qarTul romantizms, romelic nawilobriv evropuli romantizmis<br />
tradiciebiT iyo nasazrdoebi, Rrmad hqonda gadgmuli fesvebi mTel<br />
winamorbed qarTul literaturaSi, saidanac man bevri ram aiRo, kerZod,<br />
leqsis forma (cnobilia, rom qarTvel romantikosebs arc erTi axali<br />
saleqso sazomi ar SeuqmniAaT) da mxatvrul <strong>saxe</strong>Ta sistema. qarTvel romantikosTa,<br />
gansakuTrebiT aleqsandre WavWavaZe WavWavaZis, xolo nawilobriv<br />
grigol orbelianisa da nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsebSi Tvals<br />
xvdeba iseTi tradiciuli <strong>saxe</strong>ebi, rogoricaa giSris dalalebi, Savi Tvalebi,<br />
kokobi vardi da a.S., rac aRmosavluri poeziis aqsesuarebadaa miCneuli<br />
da ase damaxasiaTebeli iyo besikisa da misi skolis poetebisaTvis<br />
(agreTve ufro adrindeli qarTuli poeziisTvisac). magram es tradiciuli<br />
elementebi romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi sruliad axali, romantikuli<br />
msoflgancdis konteqstSia moqceuli. siyvarulis motivic<br />
aseve memkvidreobiT miiRo romantizmma winamorbedi qarTuli literaturidan,<br />
magram sruliad axleburad gaiazra igi. saqarTveloSi romantizmis<br />
ganviTarebis pirvel etapze (aleqsandre WavWavaZe, grigol orbeliani)<br />
erovnulma problemam ukana planze gadaswia pirovnebis problema<br />
(evropuli romantizmis mTavari Tema) da daiyvana mis rolze erovnulganmaTavisuflebel<br />
moZraobaSi (`misi <strong>saxe</strong>li kicxviTa maradis ixsenebodes,<br />
vinac saRmrTosa siyvaruls mamulisadmi ar hgrZnobdes~). konkretuli<br />
erovnuli problema gadaizarda `kacTa ubedobisa~ da `soflis<br />
simuxTlis~ zogad romantikul motivebSi da am maradiuli, gadauWreli<br />
konfliqtis gamo aRZrul `msoflio sevdaSi~. realobis miuReblobam ganapiroba<br />
qarTvel romantikosTa SemoqmedebaSi, erTi mxriv, warsulis<br />
idealizacia, xolo, meore mxriv, idealis miRwevis tipuri romantikuli<br />
gzis dasaxva _ satrfosamSoblos ganmaTavisuflebeli gmiris Zieba (`vin<br />
aRCndes gmiri... romel marjveniT erTisa dakvriT usulod veSaps miwad<br />
dascemdes?~).<br />
romantizmis ganviTarebis meore etapze, anu nikoloz baraTaSvilis<br />
SemoqmedebaSi, centralur adgils ikavebs pirovnebis problema, misi<br />
gancdebi da Sinagani samyaro.<br />
gamoviyenoT<br />
kiTxvis strategia<br />
literaturuli konteqstis gaTvaliswineba. Tqven ukve iciT,<br />
rom literaturuli konteqsti aris literaturuli garemo, romelic<br />
gavlenas axdens mwerlis Semoqmedebaze. es literaturuli garemo xSirad<br />
literaturuli mimdinareobis saxiT aris warmodgenili. literaturuli<br />
mimdinareoba, romelmac XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris literaturis<br />
ZiriTadi gezi gansazRvra, iyo romantizmi, romlis arsebiTi niSnebi wina<br />
paragrafSi gagacaniT.<br />
literaturuli konteqstis codna da misi gamoyeneba mxatvruli nawarmoebis<br />
kiTxvis dros am nawarmoebis ukeT gagebis erTerTi saSualebaa.<br />
21
22<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
visac gsurT<br />
visac gsurT CemTa ambavTa cnoba 1 ,<br />
mismineT WirSi flobils 2 ,<br />
mismineT, viT maqvs Wmunva 3 da Tmoba 4<br />
urvisgan 5 gulSepyrobils.<br />
mas vsWvret patimrad, vis monebs guli,<br />
misTvis, glax 6 , ganwiruli,<br />
maqvs mwuxareba zedazed rTuli 7 ,<br />
marad meaxlvis 8 wyluli.<br />
visac gsurT da sxva...<br />
guSagni bevrni TviTosa mcvelad<br />
gvyvan nebis warmtacvelad9 ,<br />
xval sxvani movlen maTs gamomcvlelad,<br />
gvelive10 STeba11 gvelad.<br />
visac gsurT da sxva...<br />
lmobiTa12 vxedav yovlT warmavalTa _<br />
moxucTa, vaJTa, qalTa,<br />
grZnoba raime aRmivsebs TvalTa<br />
da madens cremlTa cxarTa.<br />
visac gsurT da sxva...<br />
kacT ubedoba Tumc ars satire13 ,<br />
garna ar gansakvire14 ,<br />
ama soflisa didi da mcire<br />
ars cvalebisa mzire15 .<br />
visac gsurT da sxva...<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. vis mimarTavs `WirSi flobili” poeti leqsis dasawyisSi?<br />
2. moZebneT teqstSi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, romlebic avtoris mZime<br />
sulier gancdebze migvaniSnebs.<br />
3. daakvirdiT leqsis II da III strofebs. rogor fiqrobT, vin igulisxmeba<br />
`patimarSi”? vin arian `guSagebi”?<br />
1. cnoba _ gageba. 2. WirSi flobili _ gasaWirSi Cavardnili. 3. Wmunva _ mwuxareba.<br />
4. Tmoba _ Tmena. 5. urva _ dardi. 6. glax _ vaglax! 7. zedazed rTuli _<br />
erTmaneTs darTuli. 8. meaxlvis _ miaxldeba. 9. nebis warmtacveli _ uflebaTa<br />
wamrTmevi. 10. gveli _ gveleSapi. 11. STeba _ rCeba. 12. lmoba _ sibraluli, tkivili.<br />
13. satire _ satirali. 14. garna ar gansakvire _ magram ara sakvirveli.<br />
15. mzire _ mzirali.<br />
5. ras iwvevs warmavalobaze fiqri?<br />
6. romel sityvebSi iCina Tavi romantizmisTvis damaxasiaTebelma<br />
`msoflio sevdam”?<br />
7. ra kanonzomierebam ganapiroba leqsis bolos gamomkrTali erTgvari<br />
imedi?<br />
8. ra mizans emsaxureba leqsSi CarTuli refrenebi (garkveuli wesiT<br />
gameorebuli erTi da igive taepebi) _ `visac gsurT da sxva”?<br />
Tqveni azriT, isini leqsis ZiriTad saTqmels azusteben, Tu, piriqiT,<br />
abundovaneben?<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
datyvevebuli qali (satrfo) ferwerasa da poeziaSi<br />
pirveli suraTis avtoria paolo uCelo (XV s.), meorisa _ irakli<br />
ToiZe (XX s.). italieli fermweris tilo asaxavs wminda giorgis pirvel<br />
saswauls _ lasiis <strong>mefis</strong> asulis gamoxsnas gveleSapis tyveobidan. qarTveli<br />
mxatvris suraTze ki `vefxistyaosnis~ centraluri epizodia gamosaxuli:<br />
`na xes mzisa Sesayrelad gamoeSva mTvare gvelsa~ (mze aq tarielia,<br />
mTva re _ nestani, xolo gveleSapi _ qajeTis cixe).<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZem XIX saukunis qarTul poeziaSi dasabami misca<br />
tyvepyrobili satrfos alegorias.<br />
cnobili kritikosi vaxtang kotetiSvili werda: `aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
saqarTvelos garkveulad ar axsenebs... magram didi Cakvirveba ar aris<br />
saWiro, rom xSirad `satrfos~ saxiT saqarTvelo dainaxoT. aseTi ganpirovneba<br />
xom SemdegSi dakanonda kidec da yvelaze metad _ akaki were Tlis<br />
poeziaSi. da Tu akakis satrfo saqarTveloa, aleqsandre WavWavaZis<br />
satrfo raRad unda iqnas nagulisxmevi yovelTvis sityvis pirdapiri<br />
mniSvnelobiT?~<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
23
24<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
vah, droni, droni<br />
vah, droni, droni, nagemni mtkbarad 1 ,<br />
warivltnen 2 , ganhqren sizmarebr 3 Cqarad,<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ganvSordi moyvass, Zals cxovrebisas,<br />
ar gikvirsT, mxedavT kvlavca sulmdgarad 4 ?!<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
glax 5 , bedisagan esreT dasjili<br />
imedovnebas vuwodeb 6 farad,<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
igica meltvis 7 , mibraleT 8 amad,<br />
usasod yofas 9 sjobs yofa mkvdarad,<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
me erTman erTgzis erTs vuZRven Tavi,<br />
masve vemonvi mtkiced da myarad,<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
Tu masca Cemebr ucavs 10 simtkice,<br />
vibraleb rayifs 11 , Svrebis momcdarad, 12<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
sajeT 13 _ pyrobilman uwyisa 14 trfoba?!<br />
saca gind iyos, masTan var marad,<br />
me igive var marad da marad!<br />
ar vsdev JamTa cvlas, me igive var marad da marad!<br />
1. nagemni mtkbarad _ tkbilad nagemebni. 2. warivltnen _ mswrafl wavidnen. 3. sizmarebr<br />
_ sizmariviT. 4. sulmdgari _ cocxali. 5. glax _ vaglax. 6. imedovnebas vuwodeb<br />
_ imeds vuxmob. 7. meltvis _ gamirbis. 8. mibraleT _ SemibraleT. 9. usasod<br />
yofa _ uimedo arseboba. 10. ucavs _ daucavs, SeunarCunebia. 11. rayifi (spars.) _<br />
trfobaSi metoqe, moqiSpe. 12. hSvrebis momcdarad _ tyuilad irjeba.13. sajeT _<br />
gansajeT. 14. uwyisa? _ icis?<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. rogori azrobrivi kontrasti gamoikveTa dasawyisidanve?<br />
rogoria dro? vin ar emorCileba `JamTa svlas~?<br />
2. aleqsandre WavWavaZis cxovrebis romeli etapis gamoZaxili SeiZleba<br />
iyos sityvebi _ `ganvSordi moyvass, Zals cxovrebisas~?<br />
ra igulisxmeba `mtkbarad nagem~ droSi?<br />
3. imsjeleT da ganazogadeT Semdegi fraza: `usasod yofas sjobs yofa<br />
mkvdarad~.<br />
4. SeadareT erTmaneTs ori leqsis (`visac gsurT~ da `vah, droni, droni~)<br />
refrenebi. erTnairia Tu ara maTi mxatvruli funqcia?<br />
5. moZebneT teqstSi azrobrivi datvirTvis mqone taepi, romelic gameorebebiT<br />
`vefxistyaosans~ gagaxsenebT (mag.: `sxvad, Cemo, Cemi ambavi,<br />
Cemgan ar mogewerebis~; `mze aRar mzeobs CvenTana, dari ar darobs darulad~).<br />
6. vinaa is, visac poetma Tavi `uZRvna~?<br />
sad SegxvdaT msgavsi alegoria?<br />
7. ra gamsWvalavs leqss: imedi Tu sasowarkveTa?<br />
samSoblos satkivari _ alegoriebis gareSe<br />
waikiTxeT fragmentebi al.WavWavaZis Txzulebebidan, romlebSic igi<br />
Seufaravad gamoTqvams Tavis saTqmels da imsjeleT, ramdenad damajerebelia<br />
TqvenTvis wina ori leqsis alegoriuli gaazreba?<br />
... gahqra daviTis xrmlis elva, Cahqra <strong>Tamar</strong>is lampari,<br />
oqros dro Jamma Sescvala, agareanTa srbolama1 ,<br />
Seiqmna vaiviSviSi, saqristeanos rbeva da<br />
qarTvelTa sisxlis dineba, guli Sezara srevama2 .<br />
qarTlisTvis mefe iraklis sisxli mravaljer nTxeula,<br />
ver Sehkra misi karibWe, mzrunveli darCa eulad,<br />
rossni3 moixmo saSvelad man imedgadaleulma.<br />
maT, nacvlad Zmobis, erTobis, dagvtova danasxeulad4 ,<br />
maxvilRebulad5 movida, mzakvrulad migvca gvemasa,<br />
yelsa Segvaba sarazi6 mimoZgonared7 mTvlemarsa...<br />
mzakvars xrmliT gavuswordebiT, qarTls mivcemT Svebalxenasa!<br />
(`he, saqarTvelo~)<br />
1. agareanTa srbola _ muslimTa TareSi. 2. sreva _ srola. 3. rossni _ rusebi. 4. danasxeuli<br />
_ danaze dagebuli. 5. maxvilRebulad _ amoRebuli maxviliT. 6. sarazi _<br />
aRviri. 7. mimoZgonari _ gaognebuli.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
25
26<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
* * *<br />
ismineT, msmenno, WirTa mTmenno, mipyariT yurni 1 ,<br />
ragvarni Wirni, cecxlni xSirni, mwvelni almurni<br />
vnaxeniT rosa 2 ama drosa zedazed rTulni 3 ...<br />
wyeul ars is dro, ros samkvidro 4 davkargeT, krulni!<br />
gvZliva sofelman 5 xelmyofelman 6 , aw gvago 7 Surni!<br />
(`mustazadi~)<br />
* * *<br />
kvlav marad Cemsa survilsa imedi wina uZRoda,<br />
aw surva 8 gulsa kvlaebr 9 swvavs, magram var uimedoda.<br />
(`duga~)<br />
* * *<br />
axlandeli saqarTvelos mnaxveli Znelad Tu daijerebs, rom es qveyana<br />
erT dros hyvaoda. misi gardasuli didebis mowmed utyvi nangrevebiRa<br />
darCenila da mxolod bizantiel istorikosTa nawerebi mowmoben<br />
qarTveli xalxis yofil siZlieres. sxvadasxva monastrebsa da wignTsacavebSi<br />
qarTul matianeebs jerac ar miupyriaT yuradReba gulmodgine<br />
mkvlevarisa, vinaidan qarTuli ena misTvis ucnobia, xolo dRevandeli<br />
saqarTvelos politikuri mdgomareoba _ erTob umniSvnelo. magram sxva<br />
<strong>saxe</strong>lmwifoTa msgavsad, saqarTvelosac hqonda dideba, hyavda gmirebi,<br />
mgosnebi da mwerlebi...<br />
qarTvelebma, romlebic dedis ZuZusTan erTad iTvisebdnen urjuloebisadmi<br />
siZulvils, SeinarCunes sarwmunoeba, mebrZoli suli da siyvaruli<br />
samSoblosadmi. Tu xalxi gauxeSda da zogierTi ucxo Cveuleba<br />
SeiTvisa, amis mizezi Znelbedoba iyo. mTlianad aRigavnen pirisagan miwisa<br />
mTeli soflebi, TavadTa cixekoSkebi da mrewvelobiT ayvavebuli<br />
qalaqebi. magram maTi nangrevebi dResac kvebaven qarTvelTa siamayis<br />
grZnobas.<br />
(`saqarTvelos mokle istoriuli narkvevi 1801dan 1831 wlamde”)<br />
weriTi samuSao<br />
dawereT ese: samSoblos satkivari al.WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi pirdapir<br />
da SefarviT!<br />
1. mipyariT yurni _ yuri momapyariT. 2. vnaxeniT rosa _ roca vnaxeT, vixileT.<br />
3. rTulni _ darTulni. 4. samkvidro _ samSoblo (saqarTvelo). 5. sofeli _ wuTisofeli.<br />
6. xelmyofeli _ damTrgunveli. 7. gvago _ mogvago. 8. surva _ survili.<br />
9. kvlaebr _ isev ise.<br />
gogCa<br />
gogCa, 1 tba vrceli, xmovanebiT zRvisa mbaZavi,<br />
odesme 2 zvirTTa aRqafebiT 3 Relavs mrisxaned;<br />
zogjer, viT broli gulubryvilo, 4 wminda, uZravi,<br />
Tvis Soris xatavs cisa laJvards da mTaTa mwvaneT.<br />
magram naqcevni 5 , misTa kideT ZaZiT mmosvelni,<br />
saglovo niSni 6 SenobaTa kvlav erovanTa, 7<br />
sad hyvavebulan didebulad qalaqni vrcelni<br />
da sad dRes vxedavT oden buTa da natamalTa. 8<br />
WmunvaTa 9 TvisTa mnaxvelTaca aziareben...<br />
udabureba, mCumareba, araraoba.<br />
Tvalsa da gulsa kacisasa sevdiT avseben,<br />
da uneblieT warmodgeba oxvriT es grZnoba:<br />
aha, 10 palatTa 11 didebulTa ngreuli naSTi.<br />
aha, qalaqTa CinebulTa xvedri ucilo, 12<br />
aha, Cvenisa momavlisac namdvili xati;<br />
mxolod awmyoze ras dabmulxar, xedvav 13 brmobilo! 14<br />
ese kamara Zliv sacnobo 15 yofil taZarad,<br />
sad kvlav mefeni mowiwebiT idrekden muxlTa,<br />
sad RvTis dideba morwmuneTa esmodaT mtkbarad,<br />
da cisa mimarT grgvinvidian xmani fsalmunTa.<br />
dRes es naqcevi, saxierad 16 maCrdilobeli,<br />
xedavs Tvis qveSe damCoqvelad oden pirutyvTa,<br />
zogjer nadirTa, zogjer mxecTa, da xan warmvleli 17<br />
mun Seafarebs saqonelTa, SoriT zidulTa! 18<br />
es grova qvaTa <strong>saxe</strong>Slilis 19 oTxkuTxedisa<br />
adgil ars, sada savaWroni mdidrad wyobilan;<br />
somexni, mxneni xelovanni momgeblobisa, 20<br />
pirsa qveynisas ama saqmiT adriv cnobilan.<br />
1. gogCa _ tba somxeTSi, sevanis tba. 2. odesme – xan, zogjer 3. aRqafeba _ aRelveba.<br />
4. gulubryvilo _ aq: sufTa, kamkama. 5. naqcevi _ nangrevi. 6. niSni _ niSnebi.<br />
7. kvlav erovani _ jerac haerovani. 8. natamali _ narCeni, naSTi. 9. Wmunva _ mwuxareba.<br />
10. aha _ ai. 11. palati _ sasaxle. 12. ucilo _ ucilobeli, gardauvali.<br />
13. xedva _ mzera. 14. brmobili _ dabrmavebuli. 15. Zliv sacnobi _ Znelad Sesacnobi.<br />
16. saxierad _ aq: mSvenierad. 17. warmvleli _ gamvleli. 18. SoriT ziduli _<br />
Soridan motanili. 19. <strong>saxe</strong>Slili _ <strong>saxe</strong>Secvlili. 20. xelovanni momgeblobisa _<br />
sarfiani saqmis ostatebi.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
27
28<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
maSin maT Soris xSir yofila qururTa mqone 1<br />
ara Tu vecxliT, ndobiTaca yovlad mdidarni. 2<br />
aw mtvrad aRgvilan igi Zali da igi Rone;<br />
maTTa ganTqmulTa SeZlebaTa warSlian kvalni!<br />
mixede ama vrcelsa vakes, qvayrilsa bnelad, 3<br />
kvlav asparezsa, sad hqoniaT taiWTa srbola,<br />
CogniT taceba Wabuk mxedarT gamosacdelad,<br />
SubTa triali, jiriTT tyorcna 4 da isarT srola.<br />
erTgzis 5 eseca qvani Savni, dRes daxavsilni,<br />
urTierTTana kavSirobiT aRmaRlebulan;<br />
mkuTvnelni 6 maTni, bednierni da kmayofilni,<br />
odesme maTSi gancxromilan da ganSvebulan. 7<br />
aqaca mjdara Zali maRals taxtsa amayad,<br />
wyalobaTa da risxvis frqveviT mmarTveli erTa;<br />
aqac uRrRniaT Sursa, mtrobas gulebi xarbad;<br />
trfialni 8 aqac SemsWvalvian 9 kvlav erTmanerTTa.<br />
ravden banovanT Svenebani, axlad mSlilobni 10<br />
Wavlis siwmindes miuzidavs napirs am tbisas;<br />
vardni, zambaxni da mixakni da giSris mwyobrni 11<br />
ravdengzis 12 turfad garduRia sarkesa wylisas.<br />
ravdengzis mTvares, Tavmomwones, maTTan STaxedviT 13<br />
ugrZvnia Tvisi Cagrulyofa da moRrublvila!<br />
magram ra?! drosa msvrelis celiT, 14 yovlTa warmwymediT,<br />
ciurTa mjobi mSveneblobac 15 sxvaTebr mosTvlila! 16<br />
1. qururTa mqone _ didZali simdidris mflobeli. 2. ndobiTaca yovlad mdidarni<br />
_ gavleniTac umdidresni. 3. bneli _ Savi, muqi. 4. jiriTT tyorcna _ Subebis<br />
srola. 5. erTgzis _ aq: erT dros. 6. mkuTvneli _ mflobeli. 7. ganSvebulan _<br />
moulxeniaT. 8. trfialni _ mijnurni. 9. SemsWvalvian... erTmanerTTa _ erTimeoriT<br />
gamsWvalulan. 10. axlad mSlilobni _ aq: axlad daqalebulni, gafurCqvnilni.<br />
11. giSris mwyobrni _ metaforaa. igulisxmeba Savi Tvalebi, wamwamebi.<br />
12. ravdengzis _ ramdenjer. 13. STaxedviT _ Caxedvis gamo. 14. msvreli celi _<br />
mmusvreli celi (sikvdilis iaraRi). 15. mSvenebloba _ mSveniereba. 16. mosTvlila<br />
_ mospobila, ganadgu rebula.<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. rogor aris leqsis dasawyisSi aRwerili wylis stiqia, misi cvalebadoba?<br />
vrcelia Tu ara es aRwera?<br />
2. razea gadatanili yuradReba pirveli strofis Semdeg?<br />
ra darCenila gogCis tbis piras gaSenebuli qalaqebis adgilas?<br />
3. saerTod, rogor zemoqmedebs adamianze nangrevTa xilva?<br />
gverdigverd moxmobili romeli sami sityva amZafrebs nangrevebis<br />
xilviT gamowveul gancdas?<br />
4. ra ganzogadebuli filosofiuri daskvna mohyva warsulis naSTze<br />
saubars?<br />
risi ganmeorebiT aris aqcentirebuli es daskvna?<br />
5. poetis azriT, rogoria mxolod awmyoze orientirebuli `xedva~?<br />
6. ratom aRwers poeti daqceul taZars, `mtvrad aRgvil~ savaWro adgilebs,<br />
qvebis grovad qceul asparezs?<br />
ras adasturebs am suraTebis Cveneba?<br />
7. poetis azriT, ra moelis Zalauflebas, qedmaRlobas, Surs, mtrobas,<br />
sixarbes?<br />
ferucvleli, waruvali iqneba Tu ara siyvaruli?<br />
8. ra mizans isaxavs gogCis tbis piras walkotSi moseirne mSvenier qalTa<br />
Cveneba?<br />
ra mohyva skeptikuri ganwyobis, daeWvebis gamomxatvel mokle frazas<br />
_ `magram ra?!~<br />
9. sityva `sikvdili~ leqsSi erTxelac ar aris naxsenebi, magram aRsasrulis<br />
gancda gamudmebiT igrZnoba. rodis iCina Tavi sikvdilis<br />
ganuyrelma atributma _ `msvrelma celma~?<br />
meoTxe strofSi warmodgenil romel daskvnas exmianeba leqsis bolo<br />
ori striqoni?<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
`gogCis~ Se<strong>saxe</strong>b<br />
`XIX saukunis qarTul poeziaSi `gogCa~ warmoadgens obieqtur sinamdvilesa<br />
da adamianis subieqtur gancdaTa Soris uSualo kavSiris<br />
damyarebis erTerT pirvel poetur cdas... poeturi asociacia aq Cveulebrivbunebrivia,<br />
konkretulia, uSualod danaxulisa da gancdilis<br />
mier aris nakarnaxevi...<br />
`gogCa~ axali tipis lirikuli leqsia, radgan aq mkafiod aris miniSnebuli<br />
romantikuli poeziisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli axali damokidebuleba<br />
mxatvruli masalisadmi da TviT gamoxatvis originaluri<br />
formebi. am TvalsazrisiT, es leqsi, rogorc grigol orbelianis `saRamo<br />
gamosalmebisa~ da nikoloz baraTaSvilis `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~,<br />
erTerTi umniSvnelovanesi niSansvetia gasuli saukunis romantikuli<br />
poeziis istoriaSi.<br />
rogorc `gogCis~ avtori, aleqsandre WavWavaZe, marTlac, qarTuli romantizmis<br />
erTerT uaRresad koloritul warmomadgenlad SeiZleba iqnas<br />
aRiarebuli~.<br />
guram asaTiani<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
29
30<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe<br />
`nangrevebis esTetika~ da `gogCa~<br />
gamoiTqva aseTi mosazreba:<br />
`renesansis epoqis adamianebi ZvelberZnuli nangrevebis wyalobiT<br />
cdilobdnen warmoedginaT, Tu rogori iyo imJamindel qmnilebaTa Tavdapirveli<br />
<strong>saxe</strong>. Semdeg am saxis aRdgena scades, XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan<br />
ki nangrevi ulmobeli drois mier daCneuli kvaliT, fragmentulobiT,<br />
masze amosuli veluri mcenareebiT, bzarebiTa da xavsiT `dafasda~<br />
(umberto eko)<br />
gamodgeba Tu ara aleqsandre WavWavaZis `gogCa~ am Tvalsazrisis<br />
sailustracio masalad?<br />
weriTi samuSao<br />
dawereT ese: ratom aris `gogCa~ romantikuli leqsi?<br />
luvris dangreuli galereis warmosaxviTi xedi,<br />
mxatvari _ h. roberi<br />
siyvarulo, Zalsa Sensa<br />
siyvarulo, Zalsa Sensa, vin ars, rome ar hmonebdes 1 ?<br />
vin ars, rome gulsa taxtad, oxrvas xarkad ara gcemdes 2 ?<br />
Sengan mefe monas eymos, Sengan brZeni xelad rebdes 3 ,<br />
maS, bulbulsa rad ezraxvis 4 , rom Sen gamo vards Sehyefdes 5 ?<br />
siyvarulo, Zalsa Sensa yoveli grZnobs, arsebs raca 6 ,<br />
sjulsa 7 Sensa yvela erCis 8 _ beri, eri, mefe, ymaca,<br />
xelmwife xar TviTmpyrobeli, taxti mza gaqvs, hgieb 9 saca,<br />
gulebi gyavs qveSevrdomad, amas mec vgrZnob da TviT sxvaca!<br />
Senis uRlisgan gamosvla neta undodes radme vis?<br />
Tu Sen xar vnebis mizezi, lxenac Sengan ar gveZlevis?!<br />
namdvil keTil ars gancxroma, igi numc odes gvelevis 10 ,<br />
maSa 11 cudia, Tu maSi sibnelec 12 arsiT erevis!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. romeli ritorikuli SekiTxviT iwyeba leqsi? ra daniSnuleba aqvs mas?<br />
(ritorikuls uwodeben iseT SekiTxvas, romelic pasuxis gacemas ar<br />
moiTxovs, e. i. misi kiTxviTi forma pasuxs TviTonve gulisxmobs).<br />
2. ra magaliTebia moxmobili imis saCveneblad, rom siyvaruli yovlismZle<br />
grZnobaa? aRmosavluri poeziidan momdinare romeli alegoriuli<br />
wyvilis xsenebiT mTavrdeba leqsis es monakveTi?<br />
3. rogor gadmoica is cnobili azri, rom siyvaruli RvTiv dadgenili<br />
universaluri principis gamoxatulebaa?<br />
4. ratom aris leqsis dasasruls naxsenebi `sibnele~?<br />
5. gaixseneT `vefxistyaosani”:<br />
`sdevs mijnursa faTeraki, sawuTrosa daanavRlebs,<br />
magra bolod lxinsa miscems, vinca pirvel Wirsa gasZlebs,<br />
mijnuroba saWiroa, miT sikvdilsa migvaaxlebs,<br />
ganswavlulsa gaaSmagebs, uswavlelsa gaaswavlebs~.<br />
rogori gamoZaxili hpova rusTvelurma Sexedulebam aleqsandre<br />
WavWavaZis leqsSi? (imsjeleT klasSi).<br />
6. ra Warbobs aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsSi _ zogadi msjeloba Tu<br />
konkretuli gancdis gadmocema?<br />
7. warmoidgineT aleqsandre WavWavaZis epoqa.<br />
rogori auditoria (msmeneli) ufro moixdenda amgvar leqss:<br />
a. literaturuli saloni. b. SeTqmulTa wre. g. winandlis glexoba.<br />
1. ar hmonebdes _ ar emonebodes. 2. xarkad ara gcemdes _ xarkad ar gaZlevdes. 3. xe lad<br />
rebdes _ giJiviT daiarebodes. 4. rad ezraxvis _ ratom gaemtyuneba. 5. Seh yefdes<br />
_ exmianebodes, ugalobdes. 6. arsebs raca _ rac arsebobs. 7. sjuli _ aq: wesi, kanoni.<br />
8. yvela erCis _ yvela emorCileba. 9. hgieb _ arsebob. 10. numc odes gvelevis _<br />
nurasdros dagveleva. 11. maSa _ maS (maSasadame). 12. sibnele _ aq: gasaWiri, siZnele.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
31
grigol orbeliani<br />
(1804-1883)<br />
grigol orbeliani daibada 1804<br />
wlis 2 oqtombers TbilisSi. poetis<br />
sagvareulo xazi aRwevs orbel ba <br />
raTaSvilis <strong>saxe</strong>lamde (XV s.), am<br />
Stos ekuTvnoda yaflan orbeliSvili,<br />
sulxansaba orbelianis papa,<br />
XVII saukunis erTerTi uZlieresi<br />
da gavleniani feodali. grigol<br />
orbeliani amitom uwodebda Tavs<br />
`yaflaniSvils~. mTeli oci saukunis<br />
ganmavlobaSi misi winaprebi did<br />
rols TamaSobdnen qarTveli mefeebis<br />
karze.<br />
grigol orbelianis bavSvobam<br />
da yrmobam ganvlo saqarTvelos<br />
istoriis im periodSi, roca `qedmouxreli<br />
iveria~ mxolod poetis axlo naTesavebis warmodgenebSi<br />
coc xlobda.<br />
grigolis mamas, dimitris (imave zurabs), saqarTvelos ukanasknel mefeebTan<br />
umsaxuria. poetis deda xoreSani erekles qalis, elenes, asuli<br />
iyo. amrigad, dedis mxriv poeti bagrationTa gvars enaTesaveboda.<br />
rogorc poetis biografi gadmogvcems: `am keTilma dedam Caunerga gul<br />
Si grigol orbelians RvTis SiSi, erTguleba mamulisa, ganuzomeli pativiscema<br />
mSobelTa da naTesavTa~ (iona meunargia).<br />
grigol orbelianisTvis werakiTxva uswavlebia anCisxatis dekanozs<br />
dimitri aleqsimesxiSvils, romelic Tavisi drois cnobili mwignobari<br />
iyo. Semdeg grigoli SeuyvaniaT keTilSobilTa saswavlebelSi, sadac<br />
momaval poets qarTuls aswavlida mRvdeli xelaSvili. saswavleblis<br />
damTavrebamde grigoli gadasula axlad gaxsnil saartilerio skolaSi.<br />
1816 wels momavali oficeri Sedis iunkrad 211e saartilerio brigada<br />
Si. 1821 wels grigol orbeliani proporSCikia. 1822 wels Wareli lekebis<br />
damarcxebis monawilea alazanTan. 1826 wels mamacurad ebrZvis sparselebs<br />
SamqorTan da ganjaSi, risTvisac Rirseulad iqna dajildoebuli.<br />
igi ibrZoda ruseTiranisa da ruseTosmaleTis omebSi. 1831 wels grigol<br />
orbelianma ruseTs waasxa kavkasiis korpusSi SerCeuli jariskacebi<br />
novgorodSi dabanakebuli sagangebo qveiTi polkisTvis. Tavis dRiurSi<br />
poeti igonebs Sexvedrebs ruseTs gadasaxlebul mariam dedofalsa da<br />
qarTvel ufliswulebTan.<br />
1833 wlis martSi grigol orbelians apatimreben novgorodSi da saswrafod<br />
gzavnian TbilisSi. poets hbraldeboda kavSiri TavadaznaurTa<br />
im SeTqmulebasTan, romelic 1829 wlidan mzaddeboda saqarTveloSi<br />
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg (es SeTqmuleba 1832 wlis dekemberSi gasces).<br />
xelisufalTa TvalSi orbeliani sruliad moulodnelad mteri aRmoCnda,<br />
radgan `gairkva~, rom peterburgSi gadasaxlebul qarTvel batoniSvilebTan<br />
mas ara marto mocartsa da rosinize, aramed Zveli saqarTvelos<br />
politikuri damoukideblobis aRdgenis sakiTxebze usaubria, jibiT<br />
utarebia ara marto jariskacis wesdeba, aramed qarTuli Targmanic cnobili<br />
dekabristi poetis rileevis nawarmoebisa `nalivaikos aRsareba~<br />
(romlis dedani orbelians novgorodSi gaCxrekisas upoves). Cveulebrivi<br />
dRiuris garda, uweria patriotuli leqsebi (novgorodSia dawerili, magaliTad,<br />
`iaralis~) da dRiuri `mgzavroba Cemi tfilisidan peterbur<br />
Ramdis~, romelSic avtori aSkarad icavs saqrTvelos damoukideblobis<br />
aRdgenisa da erovnuli regularuli jaris Seqmnis ideas.<br />
grigol orbelians mZime danaSauli ar daumtkicda da gaaTavisufles.<br />
avlabris yazarmaSi sami Tvis patimrobis Semdeg igi, rogorc meSvide<br />
kategoriis damnaSave, `kavkasiis xazze~ moqmed jarSi gaamweses.<br />
grigolma xuTi weli gaatara poloneTSi. 1843 wels dainiSna avariis<br />
mmarTvelad (an, rogorc Tavis Tavs uwodebda _ „avariis xanad“). ibrZoda<br />
Samilis (rusebis winaaRmdeg kavkasiel xalxTa ajanyebis meTauris)<br />
winaaRmdeg.<br />
grigol orbelians hyavda ori Zma _ zaqaria da ilia da erTi da efemia<br />
_ nikoloz baraTaSvilis deda.<br />
poeti gardaicvala 1883 wlis 21 marts, dakrZalulia qaSveTis eklesiaSi.<br />
32 33
34<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
iaralis<br />
Cemo iarali, netavi odes<br />
lxiniT aRvsilni vhsxdeT velsa mwvanes,<br />
Cveneburada,<br />
Zveleburada,<br />
vsvamdeT,<br />
viZaxdeT:<br />
iariarali!<br />
jeirnis mwvadi SiSiniT<br />
cecxlzeda dastrialebdes,<br />
ynosva, damtkbari mis suniT,<br />
madasa gangviRviZebdes.<br />
kaxuris RviniT aRvsili<br />
azarfeSaca 1 xels gvepyras,<br />
moTali 2 , Tevzi, mwvanili,<br />
agviWrelebdnen win sufras.<br />
ca mSvenieri,<br />
ca mSobliuri,<br />
qeifi gvimraZesTan, mxatvari _ niko firosmani<br />
1. azarfeSa _ vercxlis sasmisi, romelsac tari aqvs. 2. moTali _ erTgvari<br />
fxvieri yveli.<br />
marad brwyinvale zed dagvnaTides,<br />
gacxelebulTa RviniTa SublTa<br />
kojris niavi gangvigrilebdes...<br />
Sen momiTxrobde,<br />
me yrma gismende,<br />
gamoucdeli moxucebulsa,<br />
Tu viT iverni,<br />
lomgulni gmirni,<br />
hbrZodnen 1 , hscxovrebdnen drosa warsulsa.<br />
gismende, Tu viT mdevaris xmaze<br />
Wabukni mxnobiT 2 aRtacebulni,<br />
mterT saZieblad, dacemad maTze<br />
Segrovdebodnen wams SeWurvilni.<br />
vai mas mtersa, vis anu 3 kldeni,<br />
anu tyeT siRrme ver dahfarvidnen,<br />
viTa Surdulebr, tredT Savardenni,<br />
mieseodnen da Semusvridnen.<br />
davnatri maT, vinc Tvisi sicocxle Tvissa mamulsa<br />
Sehswira msxverplad,<br />
davnatri droTa, ros aqvndaT trfoba mamulisadmi<br />
guls aRbeWdilad,<br />
ros erTguleba, sarwmunoeba,<br />
iverT Tvisebas Seadginebdnen,<br />
odesca brZola da mamacoba<br />
maTsa <strong>saxe</strong>lsa ganadidebdnen...<br />
gismende, Tu viT dResaswaulsa,<br />
SeqceviT 4 , lxiniT mowodebulni 5 ,<br />
Wabuk mxedarni yabaxsa 6 vrcelsa<br />
turfad daraxtul da dakazmulni,<br />
viT alva rgulni, cxenzed uZravad,<br />
esreT mohqrian viTa niavi;<br />
hkres naRarasa _ ganiyvnen orad,<br />
aha, saamo sCans sanaxavi.<br />
cxenTa griali,<br />
SubTa triali,<br />
1. hbrZodnen _ ibrZodnen. 2. mxnoba _ mxneoba, SemarTeba. 3. anu _ an. 4. Seqceva<br />
_ drostareba, garToba. 5. lxiniT mowodebulni _ salxenad TavSeyrilni.<br />
6. `exla aris saseirno baRi aleqsandrovskisa, iyo didi sajiriTo<br />
meidani, <strong>saxe</strong>lad yabaxi~ (avtori).<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
35
36<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
jiriTT 1 sriali,<br />
yurTmajT 2 briali 3 ,<br />
cxeniT qve xtoma,<br />
kvalad Sextoma,<br />
uzangTa cema<br />
da xmalT kriali!...<br />
zogi arwivsa<br />
zecas mfrinavsa<br />
isriTa mkveTriT ganupobs gulsa.<br />
jiriTi zogis<br />
zuzuniT mohqris<br />
da moxvda qvazed Tass niSnad dgmulsa 4 .<br />
am vaJkacobrivs Seqcevas igi 5 siamiT marad umzerda SoriT,<br />
visca ewera dideba <strong>saxe</strong>s, vinca arRa ars, visTvisac vhstiriT,<br />
warsulTa droTa, didebis droTa, yovli keTili Tana wariRes,<br />
aw ucxos cis qveS 6 zogsa vhWvretT oxrviT da cremliT _ zogis<br />
wmida samares!...<br />
vin aRCndes 7 gmiri,<br />
rom mis Zlieri<br />
beds daZinebuls xma aRadgendes?<br />
romel marjveniT,<br />
erTisa dakvriT<br />
usulod veSaps miwad dahscemdes?<br />
magram amao, Cemo iarali,<br />
ars Cemi natvra da Cemi rotva 8 !<br />
sad azarfeSa, sad ars mwvanili?<br />
Rvinis wil 9 _ kvasi 10 , mzisa wil _ yinva!<br />
gardmoxvewilman Crdilos wyvdiadsa 11<br />
sadRa ixilos ca mSobliuri?<br />
Sen xar peterburRs, me _ novRorodsa,<br />
gareT mklavs yinva da Sin `ugari~ 12 !<br />
guls ewuxebis, ra agondebis dReni warsulni netarebisa,<br />
magram moTqmiTa nugeSecemis da Wmunva miTca Semcirdebisa.<br />
1832 w. novgorodi<br />
1. jiriTi _ Subi. 2. yurTmajebi _ iRliidan majebamde gaxsnili <strong>saxe</strong>loebi<br />
Zveleburi Coxisa. 3. briali _ friali. 4. `yabaxis Tavsa da bolos idgnen<br />
orni qvani, romelTa zedac dahsmidnen Tassa da esrodnen jiriTs da vinc<br />
moartyamda, Tasi imisi iyo jildod gamarjvebisa~ (avtori). 5. mefe irakli<br />
(avtori). 6. ucxo ca _ ucxoeTis (ruseTis) ca. 7. vin aRCndes _ vin gamoCndes.<br />
8. rotva _ uWkuod, uTavbolod laparaki. 9. wil _ nacvlad. 10. kvasi<br />
(rus.) _ buraxi. 11. Crdilos wyvdiadi _ CrdiloeTis (ruseTis) wyvdiadi.<br />
12. `ugari” (rus.) _ mxuTavi gazi.<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. risi gaxsenebiT iwyeba leqsi?<br />
2. rogor fiqrobT, poetma warmosaxviT Seqmna qarTuli sufris sura<br />
Ti, Tu is aRadgina, rac nanaxi, gancdili hqonda?<br />
3. ras uambobda lxinis dros mravlismnaxveli qarTveli gamoucdel<br />
axalgazrdas?<br />
4. rodis Seenacvla aRweras saqebari sityvebi?<br />
ratom ganadidebs poeti winaprebs?<br />
5. mefepoeti vaxtang VI `vefxistyaosnis~ ganmartebebSi aRniSnavda:<br />
Zvelad raindebi omis dros TavganwirviT ibrZodnen, mSvidobis Jams<br />
ki nadirobdnen da asparezobdnen, rac isev da isev omisTvis mzadeba<br />
iyoo.<br />
rogor aris aRwerili Wabuk mxedarTa asparezoba?<br />
6. vis miago poetma gansakuTrebuli pativi?<br />
7. riT Seicvala didebuli warsuli?<br />
8. ras Wvreten usasod myofi qarTvelebi?<br />
9. ra Seenacvla mSobliur cas?<br />
10. romelma axalma motivma iCina Tavi leqsSi?<br />
romeli taepebi warmoadgens mTeli leqsis ideur mwvervals?<br />
11. romeli wmindaniT aris STagonebuli mxsneli gmiris <strong>saxe</strong>?<br />
12. rogori dasasruli aqvs leqss?<br />
ra ganwyobileba dauflebia qarTvels ucxoobaSi?<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
vin iyo iarali?<br />
poetmaakademikosma giorgi leoniZem gamoaqveyna daviT batoniSvilisgan<br />
momdinare aseTi cnoba: `iarali iyo Semaqcevari momRerali,<br />
meWianure da meTare batoniSvilebisa da mTeli qarTvelobisa moskovsa<br />
da peterburgsa~. erT dros iarali SanSiaSvili ukanaskneli qarTveli<br />
mefeebis karis mgosani da momRerali iyo. Semdeg igi ruseTSi gahyva farnaoz<br />
batoniSvils da peterburgSi mis karze cxovrobda. swored iq, peterburgSi,<br />
Sexvda am koloritul pirovnebas grigol orbeliani da didad<br />
moixibla misiT.<br />
axalgazrda poetma Tavisi erovnuli TvalTaxedvis gamomxatveli<br />
leqsi iarali SanSiaSvils daukavSira, riTac didad gauTqva mas <strong>saxe</strong>li.<br />
qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis SeTqmulebis gacemis Semdeg, 1833 wels,<br />
iarali SanSiaSvili, rogorc qarTvel aristokratTa umaRles wresTan<br />
daaxloebuli pirovneba, peterburgis JandarmeriaSi daukiTxavT.<br />
1848 wels igi jer kidev cocxali yofila. gardacvlila Rrmad moxucebuli.<br />
daukrZalavT peterburgSi. es aris da es _ sxva cnobebi mis Se<strong>saxe</strong>b<br />
jerjerobiT mikvleuli ar aris.<br />
sainteresoa erTi faqtic: did qarTvel ganmanaTlebel mwerals ioane<br />
batoniSvils (17681830) iarali SanSiaSvili Tavisi prozauli nawarmoebis,<br />
`kalmasobis”, erTerT personaJad hyavs gamoyvanili.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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grigol orbeliani<br />
dakiTxvis oqmSi Setanili leqsi<br />
(nawyveti grigol orbelianis monaTxrobidan)<br />
im droebiT 1 me lagerSi viyavi, novgorodis axlos, da aficrebi myavda<br />
dapatiJebuli sadilad. sadilis wina qalaqSi wavedi Rvinoebis sayidlad<br />
da, dabrunebulze, sanam sufra gaiSleboda, amxanagebma qaRaldis<br />
TamaSoba gavmarTeT. am dros uecrad Jandarmebis polkovniki Semovida<br />
CemTan.<br />
_ didad moxaruli var, batono, Tqvenis gacnobiT. ra gnebavT Cemgan?<br />
_ me brZaneba miviRe mTavrobisa, saxli gagiCxrikoT da Sevityo, ra<br />
wignebi gaqvT... da sx...<br />
_ rileevis 2 `nalivaikos aRsareba~ Tqvena sTargmneT qarTulad?<br />
_ diax, me.<br />
_ `iarali~ Tqven dawereT?<br />
_ me.<br />
_ ra gindodaT gamogexataT am leqsiT?<br />
_ is, rac aris gamoxatuli Sig: qarTuli Seqceva da lxini.<br />
_ gviTxariT, Tu iciT, ra moiwera saqarTveloSi egviptis faSam?<br />
_ ar vici da verc mimxvdarvar, visTan ra unda moewera egviptis faSas...<br />
(amis Semdeg dapatimrebuli grigol orbeliani TbilisSi gamogzavnes,<br />
sadac SeTqmulebis ramdenime monawilesTan erTad erTxans yazarmebSi<br />
hyavdaT damwyvdeuli).<br />
sul sxva drois gamoZaxili<br />
fiqroben, rom Zalze mniSvnelovani saTqmeli literaturaSi kvals intonaciuradac<br />
tovebs. cnobili poeturi qmnilebis mcire fragmentic ki<br />
mTel taeps, mTel strofs amoativtivebs xolme mexsierebaSi.<br />
gaixseneT, rogori mimarTviT daiwyo SeTqmulTa mTeli TaobisTvis<br />
saxifaTo leqsi.<br />
1832 wlis Semdeg TiTqmis erTi saukune miilia. axla galaktions davugdoT<br />
yuri:<br />
`Cemo iarali!~<br />
`Cemo iarali!~ _ ase qadagebda<br />
yabaxis gmiri, msgavseba lomis,<br />
orbeliani, romelic aqebda<br />
Rvinos da salomes.<br />
is dro wavida! tfilisi Zveli<br />
miingrmoingra, scivaT kaxurebs,<br />
da nariyala, cremlebiT sveli,<br />
matareblebis kivils gahyurebs;<br />
me vdgevar mTaze, me vdgevar marto,<br />
damTvrali axal sanaxaviTa,<br />
riTi gagarTo, rogor gagarTo?<br />
Cemo iarali, is dro wavida!<br />
saklaso davaleba<br />
ganixileT leqsi, dasviT kiTxvebi, romlebic msjelobas gagiadvilebT (an,<br />
piriqiT, gagirTulebT). gaxsovdeT, literatura arc erTs gaurbis da arc _ meores.<br />
gisurvebT warmatebas!<br />
1. igulisxmeba 1832 weli. 2. rileevi _ kondrate rileevi (17951826) _ dekabristi<br />
poeti, TviTmpyrobelobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli. dasajes sikvdiliT.<br />
sadRegrZelo<br />
anu<br />
omis Semdgomi lxini<br />
erevnis siaxloves 1<br />
Seswyda bindisas omi 2 sazari,<br />
dadumda are, sad hquxda brZola;<br />
gamarjvebiTa moilxens jari;<br />
urdo 3 cecxlebiT ganaTebula!<br />
aha, mTovarec neliad Suqsa,<br />
viTa nugeSsa, mogvfens saSveblad;<br />
SeveqceT, vinc dRes gadurCiT omsa;<br />
kvlavca gveqmnebis zeca mfarvelad!<br />
Zmano, morigis savse fialiT,<br />
Cvenca mousxdeT cecxlsa anTebuls;<br />
vesalmoT, vinca sikvdilis xeliT<br />
daecnen omSi dRes risxviT wasuls!<br />
m x e d a r n i<br />
hoi, Sen Rvinov, yovlad Zliero,<br />
lxiniT, SeqceviT gulni aRgvigzne;<br />
gulis WirT mdevno4 , niWo ciero,<br />
vin ars, romel gsva da ar alxine?<br />
s a d R e g r Z e l o<br />
Zmano, aRvavsoT fiala winaparT mosaxseneblad,<br />
romelTa dahsdves sicocxle mamulis asamaRleblad,<br />
romelTa <strong>saxe</strong> didebis sxivs mogvfens gasamxneveblad,<br />
romelTa suli maRali Cvenc migvizidebs5 cad maRlad!<br />
viTarca cecxli martoda hsCans velsa zeda hSTomili 6 ,<br />
romlisa kvamli haerSi qaris SeberviT ars mqrali, _<br />
egreT iqmnebis aRxocil 7 am sofliT misi <strong>saxe</strong>li,<br />
gza cxovrebisa vinc ganvlo da ar aRbeWda navali!<br />
Zmano, pativiT mivmarToT Tvalni<br />
warsulTa ZvelTa saukuneTa,<br />
maTSi <strong>saxe</strong>lni hsCanan naTelni<br />
gmirTa, mamulis ganmadideTa!..<br />
Sen, he, farnaoz, hqmen erTmTavroba 8 ,<br />
Sen moec qarTvels wigni pirveli,<br />
Sen daumkvidre ersa erToba<br />
da erTobisa wesi da Zali!<br />
1. ibeWdeba SemoklebiT. 2. poemis pirveli varianti Seiqmna 1827 wels, roca rusis<br />
jarma sparselebis mier dakavebuli erevani aiRo. gr. orbeliani am brZolis uSualo<br />
monawile iyo. 3. urdo _ aq: laSqari, banaki. 4. gulis WirT mdevno _ guliswuxilis<br />
mdevnelo. 5. migvizidebs _ migvizidavs. 6. hSTomili _ darCenili. 7. aRxocil _<br />
momspari, gamqrali. 8. hqmen erTmTavroba _ daamkvidre erTmefoba.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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40<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
da iveriis aRCnda mefoba,<br />
da ganZlierda Senisa sibrZniT,<br />
Sorsa ganiTqva misi gmiroba<br />
da mis mefeni didebis brwyinviT!<br />
qristes naTeliT ganaTlebuli,<br />
mefe mirian hbrwyinavs gvirgviniT,<br />
jvarisa ZaliT garemortymuli,<br />
Sehmusravs kerpTa maTis bomoniT 1 !<br />
da ganhqra axlis aRTqmisa ZaliT<br />
Zvelis iveris bneli rwmuneba;<br />
qarTvelT mixedes cas siyvaruliT<br />
da saukuno hscnes mun cxovreba!..<br />
ese ars gmiri is gorgaslani 2 ,<br />
romlis SexedviT sparselni hTrTodnen,<br />
miswvdnen sadac mis Zlierni mklavni,<br />
mterTa Selewden da Semusvriden!<br />
zeca wyalobad, nugeSad, iversa gaoxrebulsa,<br />
mefed mouvlens daviTsa 3 , zegardmo siyrmiT cxebulsa,<br />
mxedarTmTavarsa uZlevels, gulmowyalesa msajulsa.<br />
zeCagonebiT ganswavluls 4 , enamdinare metyvelsa!..<br />
daviT hsTqvi: `iyavn qalaqni!~ da aRmocendnen qalaqni!<br />
ganhvle udabno oxeri, _ savsed dabebiT Sehqmeni!<br />
dahkar weraqvi, _ da aRCndnen taZarni, turfad naSenni!<br />
mun SenTan RmerTsa hmadloben galobiT Senni iverni!<br />
viTarca RmerTa mSvenierebis,<br />
qvelmoqmedebis, saxierebis,<br />
viT mtredi madlis mSvidi da wynari,<br />
egreT mSvenebiT movals <strong>Tamar</strong>i!<br />
mis droSas mohsdevs didi orbeli,<br />
SoTa ukvdavi, brZeni Wyondidi 5 ;<br />
mxedarTmTavari didi mxargrZeli 6<br />
da gamrekeli 7 , lomebr guladi!<br />
1. bomoni _ kerpis aRsamarTavi sveti. 2. `vaxtang mefes muzaradze aqvnda ga mosaxuli<br />
mgeli da lomi da amisaTvis yizilbaSTa uwodes gorgaslanad, an mgellomad. saSineli<br />
iyo yizilbaSTaTvis Zali muzaradisa amis~ (avtori). 3. `daviT aRmaSenebeli,<br />
romelic gamefda maSin, odesca saqarTvelo iyo sruliad gaoxrebuli mahmadianTagan~<br />
(avtori). 4. zeCagonebiT ganswavluli _ RmrTiv ganswavluli. 5. Wyondidi _<br />
Wyondideli, mwignobarTuxucesi. 6. zaqaria mxargrZeli, <strong>Tamar</strong>is gamoCenili sardali.<br />
7. cnobili sardali.<br />
<strong>Tamar</strong>is droSa gaSales, Sekrba didubes 1 laSqari;<br />
kaxi farSubiT, TuSi xmliT, fSavxevsurs hSvenis abjari,<br />
mklaviT ZlieriT qarTleli, viT cixeburji magari,<br />
osi fexmardi, mTiuli brZolaSi Seupovari!<br />
droni icvalnen... ixileT, qeTevan nazad aRzrdili 2<br />
mamulisaTvis itanjvis, sarwmunoebis damcveli,<br />
xorcdaglejili SangebiT 3 , mkerdzeda cecxlanTebuli,<br />
sulis simaRles gvimtkicebs zecad didebiT aRmsvleli!<br />
naTel gvirgviniT mohsCanan kaxeTis mxsnelni gmirebi _<br />
elisbar, Salva, biZina 4 mtarvlisgan datanjulebi!..<br />
tarigaT 5 SesawiravaT maxviliT gangmirulebi,<br />
RmerTs avedreben mamulsa maT ukanasknel sityvebi!<br />
aha, cxra Zmani, <strong>saxe</strong>lganTqmulni,<br />
Zmani guliTad SeTvisebulni;<br />
viT wminda msxverpli, cad Sewirulni.<br />
erT Jams, erTs omSi erTad daklulni 6 .<br />
aha, sjulisa wigniTa vaxtang svedamwarebuli.<br />
swavlis moyvare, mfarveli, goneba amaRlebuli!<br />
ucxosa cis qveS martoobs misi saflavi oboli 7 ,<br />
dautiravi CvenTagan, CvenTvis ki damiwebuli!<br />
aha, iveris nugeSdideba,<br />
Tvisis droisa gamSvenebeli,<br />
mamacTa Soris sakvirveleba,<br />
patara kaxi, mefe irakli 8 !<br />
warbSeWmuxvnili, xmalxel mowvdeniT,<br />
vai, mas mtersa, sad aRCndeboda!<br />
erTis SexedviT, mterTa SemusvriT<br />
brZola wamsave gardaswydeboda!<br />
dReni amisni emsgavsnes Casvenebulsa brwyinviT mzes,<br />
mis Suqi Tumca gvinaTebs, maram veRar vmzerT miss <strong>saxe</strong>s!<br />
mamuli veRar ixilavs iraklis xmalsa mRelvares,<br />
dideba iveriisa masTan marxia samares!<br />
1. `didubes eZaxdnen im mindors, sadac exla aris nemencis kolonia, muSTaidis baRi<br />
da mindori avWalisken _ didubeSi idga <strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>mefis</strong> sasaxle, romelSic iyo meore misi<br />
qorwili~ (avtori). 2. qeTevan dedofali, Teimuraz Iis deda, romelic Sahabasis<br />
brZanebiT awames sparseTSi. 3. Sangebi _ marwuxebi. 4. biZina ColoyaSvili, elizbar<br />
da Salva qsnis erisTavebi. 5. tarigi _ msxverpli. 6. `xerxeuliZis Zeni, ganTqmulni<br />
vaJkacobiT, daixocnen erTad marabdis omSi pirispir Sahabazisa~ (avtori). 7. `mefe<br />
vaxtang marxia astra xanSi~ (avtori). 8. `kaxelebi eZaxian mefe iraklis patara kaxad;<br />
simReraSic moixsenieben: `batoni mefe erekle Cveni patara kaxia~ (avtori).<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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grigol orbeliani<br />
ai samasni gmirebi 1 , duSeTiT Tbiliss mosulni<br />
<strong>mefis</strong> Sewevnad, da mis win, misTvisve Seficebulni:<br />
_ `Tu gagviwyreba RmerTi da vera ganvhsdevneT mtris Zali,<br />
iyos Sercxvenil, vinc Cvengan Sina wavides cocxali!~<br />
da gardiweres pirsjvari... vaJkacebr xmali iSiSvles...<br />
da Savardenebr mivardnen sparsTa uricxvsa simravles!<br />
SehsZres... gahfantes... marama... zed Tavic Tvisi daakles...<br />
fici vaJkacTa wminda ars... maTca sikvdiliT Semowmes 2 !<br />
m x e d a r n i<br />
gmirno, mamulis madidno, Tqvena xarT Cveni dideba!<br />
TqvenTa <strong>saxe</strong>lTa amayad warmosTqvams STamomavloba!<br />
TqvenTa saqmeTa moTxrobiT moxucs creml moedineba.<br />
mxneobiT aRtacebuli Wabuki xmalsa mihswvdeba!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. rodis da sad moilxens gamarjvebuli laSqari? (gaiTvaliswineT nawarmoebis<br />
qvesaTauri).<br />
2. ra iTqva mTvaris Se<strong>saxe</strong>b?<br />
3. pirvel yovlisa, vis miages pativi molxineebma?<br />
4. pirvelad visi sadRegrZelo warmoTqva Tamadam?<br />
5. ra mniSvneloba aqvs TanamedroveTaTvis winaparTa moxseniebas?<br />
6. ris dasamtkiceblad aris moxmobili trial mindorSi danTebuli koconis<br />
magaliTi? ra evaleba Turme adamians?<br />
7. vaxtang kotetiSvili werda: `grigol orbeliani `qarTlis cxovrebas”<br />
lirikad gadaaqcevs da amaRlebuli toniT ambobs saqarTvelos<br />
sadRegrZelos”. P_ teqstis romeli monakveTi gvidasturebs am Tvalsazrisis<br />
marTebulobas? (imsjeleT klasSi). ratom daurTo avtorma<br />
poetur teqsts Tavisi komentarebi?<br />
8. ra principiT acocxlebs grigol orbeliani warsulis gmirebs _ improvizaciiT<br />
Tu qronologiis mixedviT? SeiZleba Tu ara maT Tavgadasavals<br />
didi gamarjvebebisa da warumateblobebis gza ewodos?<br />
9. romeli sadRegrZelo mogewonaT yvelaze metad? ra mogewonaT masSi?<br />
10. romeli sadRegrZeloebi warmoiTqva yvelaze vrclad?<br />
Tqveni azriT, ram ganapiroba aseTi sityvamravloba?<br />
11. calke furcelze CamowereT <strong>saxe</strong>lovan gmirTa nusxa (mefe farnavazidan<br />
dawyebuli _ 300 aragveliT damTavrebuli). miuwereT Ti<br />
Toeuls, riT daimkvidra man adgili xalxis mexsierebaSi (kargi iqneba,<br />
Tu Tqvens azrs mokled, erTi an ori winadadebiT gamoxa tavT).<br />
1. `samasni aragvelni movidnen Tbiliss duSeTidam aRamahmadxanis Semosvlis<br />
dros, Sehfices mefes da erTic aRar gamovida cocxali omidam, eseni iyvnen<br />
vaxtang batoniSvilis xelqveiT da krwanisis baRebTan daixocnen (naTq. T.<br />
aleq. vax. orbelianisgan)~. 2. sikvdiliT Semowmes _ sikvdiliT daamtkices.<br />
s a d R e g r Z e l o<br />
he, mamulo, sasurvelo, vin gaxsenos, rom mis guli<br />
ar aTrToldes sixarulis aRtacebiTa aRvsili?<br />
vin gixilos drosa saSiSs, ar dahsTxios Tvisi sisxli,<br />
ar daaklas Tavi Tvisi Sen didebad, viTa msxverpli!<br />
vin ar SevhstrfiT mas adgils, sad aRgvexilnes pirvel Tvalni?<br />
sad hrbioda mxiaruli siymawvile naTlad Cveni?<br />
sad gvfarvida nebierad xvevnaalersi mSoblisa.<br />
da sad aRgvenTo pirvelad guls cecxli siyvarulisa.<br />
sad aw nazisa rxeviTa keklucni, gulis mimtacni,<br />
taZrad midian cremliTa CvenTvis mxurvaled mlocavni!<br />
sada SevhxariT laJvardad cisa kamaras morTulsa,<br />
masze mavalsa xelmwifebr mzes brwyinviT gansxivebulsa,<br />
RamiT varskvlovans firuzsa, mTovariT ganaTebulsa!<br />
sicocxlis momfens haersa, sunnelebr Sezavebulsa!<br />
sad mTani yinvis gvirgviniT arian cadmde asulni<br />
da mdinareni zaxiliT zvirTis zvirTebze msrolelni,<br />
ufskrulni _ Cabnelebulni, kldeni _ Tvalgaduwvdenelni,<br />
sad monadire hsdevs jixvsa da mis qveS hvlenan Rrubelni.<br />
sad velni, feriT zurmuxtni, nazada aRmwvandebian.<br />
maTze kaskasiT wyaroni gaxarebulni morbian;<br />
maT sikamkames yvavilni TavdaxriT gancvifrdebian;<br />
guls maTi xilva uxaris, TvalT kvalad enatrebian;<br />
sxva saqarTvelo sad aris, romeli kuTxe qveynisa?<br />
eri _ guladi, puradi, mebrZoli Savis bedisa?!<br />
SavTa droT vera Sescvales mis guli andamatisa,<br />
igiv mxne, igiv mRerali, moyvare Tavis miwisa!..<br />
mamulisaTvis fiala savse vhsvaT siamovnebiT,<br />
da iqmnes aRyvavebuli keTildReobiT, didebiT;<br />
iqmnes mis qedi aRyvanil caTamdis ZeTa mxneobiT,<br />
da siyvarulis misdami vhxarobdeT gulsa aRgznebiT!<br />
sofeli imad ara Rirs, kaci natrobdes Jams grZelsa,<br />
Tu fuWi misi sicocxle vera ras argebs mamulsa!<br />
mis sadideblad Cvenc SevhxvdeT uSiSrad aTass maxvilsa,<br />
da movkvdeT, Tuki sikvdiliT vadidebT missa <strong>saxe</strong>lsa!<br />
m x e d a r n i<br />
he, mamulo, sasurvelo, vin gaxsenos, rom mis guli<br />
ar aTrToldes sixarulis aRtacebiTa aRvsili?<br />
vin gixilos drosa saSiSs, ar dasTxios Tvisi sisxli,<br />
ara daklas Tavi Tvisi Sen didebad, viTa msxverpli!<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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grigol orbeliani<br />
s a d R e g r Z e l o<br />
ra aris Cveni sicocxle, Tu ara saqme keTili?<br />
Tu ar aRvadgenT dacemuls, ar veqmneT nugeSmcemeli?<br />
Tu ara vhsdevniT borotsa, marTlis ara varT mfarveli?<br />
sxvis kvnesa Tu ar gvawuxebs, sxvisa ar gvesmis tkivili?<br />
mieciT niWsa gza farTo, Tayvaniscema Rirsebas:<br />
niWs aZlevs zena mxolod kacs da ara gvarisSvilobas!<br />
kaci is aris, vin aris zegardmo madliT cxebuli;<br />
mis mxolod Rvawli ars keTil, miT mxare damSvenebuli!<br />
megobrobasa wmindasa SevhswiroT srulad, rac gvaqvndes!<br />
davlioT misTvis fiala da aRTqma ara gvaviwydes...<br />
viyvneT cocxalni megobrad da vinca omSi daeces,<br />
cremlni, kurTxeva megobarT Tan gavayoloT samares!<br />
m x e d a r n i<br />
awve SeveqceT, he, Zmano! vin icis, xval vin mogvakldes?<br />
nacvlad lxinisa, iqneba, visme gviTxridnen samares...<br />
s a d R e g r Z e l o<br />
Zmano, iviwyeT mcires Jams mteri, omi da dideba;<br />
moigoneT siyvaruli, romliT sicocxle gvitkbeba.<br />
romlis Suqi aRgvamaRlebs, romliT suli gvinaTldeba,<br />
romliT kaci mSvenierobs, maSin TviT RmerTs emsgavseba!<br />
m x e d a r n i<br />
maS, aba, Zmano, erTic satrfosTvis<br />
fiala savse SevsvaT wyurviliT;<br />
visurvoT, romel mis cremli Wmunvis<br />
gaSres, viT Rvino ama fialiT!<br />
ciskarman aRmosavleTiT vardisa ferad SehReba,<br />
cas sixaruli mohfina da qveyanasa Sveneba!<br />
aenTnen cecxlis alebriv Sors gabneulni Rrubelni;<br />
ca mSvenierobs, naTldeba... masa SevnatriT mxilvelni!<br />
ileva bindi Ramisa, caSi varskvlavni hqrebian!<br />
aTasis xmebiT frinvelni ganTiads miegebian!<br />
mohqris dilisa niavic gulisa magrilebeli;<br />
fSvinva daiwyes yvavilTa da baRSi foTolT Sriali!<br />
oh, ra lamazad iRviZebs buneba miZinebuli!<br />
daCumdiT... yuri miugdeT... ar gesmiT, hgalobs bulbuli?<br />
iraklis Tafac 1 gamoCnda... aha, mTac kidobanisa 2 !..<br />
ai, myvirala zangica 3 da burjni erevanisa!..<br />
1. `sardlis baRTan iraklis Tafaa, marjvniv zangisa. am goraze idga mefe irakli,<br />
rodesac daimorCila erevani~ (avtori). 2. `araratis mTa~ (avtori). 3. mdinare<br />
hrazdani, romelic erevans Camoudis.<br />
g a T e n d a<br />
viS am dilasa, am haers, bunebis ganmacxovelsa,<br />
gulisa Wmunvis gamqarvels, sicocxlis damatkbobelsa!..<br />
RmerTo, vin mihswvdes Sengan qmnils, miss feruTvalavs Svenebas?<br />
sibneles aqrob naTeliT, sikvdiliT hbadav cxovrebas!..<br />
urdoc SeiZra... xmaurobs... dahkres naRara ciskrisa...<br />
ganemzadeba saomrad razmi da razmi jarisa!<br />
ai, Tofica gavarda... ai, rbis cxeni mxedrisa!<br />
am mSveniersa dilasa kacs rad hsurs sisxli kacisa?<br />
Cvenc avdgeT, Zmano, da erTic gamarjvebisa davlioT!<br />
da dRes vinc veRar dabrundes, is cremliT movixsenioT!<br />
dasrulda, ganhqra, sizmarebr ese lxinica Ramisa...<br />
warvideT, sadac mogviwods xma saidumlo mxvedrisa!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
18271870 ww.<br />
1. Tamadis azriT, ratom iwvevs samSoblos xseneba adamianSi sixaruls,<br />
aRtacebas?<br />
romeli saTuTi mogonebebiT vukavSirdebiT mamuls?<br />
2. adre daweril erTerT leqsSi cas `mSvenieri, mSobliuri” ewoda.<br />
rogor daixata amjerad es ca?<br />
3. rogor aris naCvenebi samSoblos mTebi?<br />
riT miiqcia yuradReba jixvis mdevnelma monadirem?<br />
4. ra Seenacvla mTebis xeds?<br />
5. rogor gacxadda mTeli nawarmoebis umTavresi poeturi monapovari,<br />
romelic dRes ukve yvelas gvaqvs gaTavisebuli?<br />
rogor gamoiTqva is azri, rom bunebis iSviaTi silamaziT da tragikuli<br />
istoriuli gamocdilebiT nasazrdoebi qarTveloba sxvas ver<br />
daemgvaneba, erTaderTia? (imsjeleT klasSi am sakiTxze).<br />
6. ra Zala mianiWa am poeturma mixvedram xelaxla warmoTqmul mamulis<br />
sadRegrZelos? rogor warmoiTqva amjerad igi?<br />
7. rogor gacxadda poetis zneobrivi mrwamsi?<br />
niWisa da Rirsebis ganmadidebeli romeli sayovelTaod cnobili sityvebiT<br />
gasrulda es poeturi tirada?<br />
8. gansaaxlebelma brZolam ra simZafre SesZina megobrobis sadRegrZelos?<br />
9. rogor gadmogvca poetma RvTaebrivi siyvarulis rusTveluri idea?<br />
10. ganTiadis suraTis aRwera, Cveulebisamebr, imeds ukavSirdeba. ra<br />
usiamovno grZnoba eufleba mkiTxvels? ra surT am mSvenier dilas<br />
adamianebs?<br />
11. ram uxmo mebrZolebs?<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
45
46<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
beTAnia (XII _ XIII ss.), <strong>Tamar</strong>is freska<br />
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>mefis</strong> <strong>saxe</strong><br />
<strong>beTaniis</strong> eklesiaSi<br />
1. saxiereba _ sikeTe.<br />
Sens wminda <strong>saxe</strong>s,<br />
SvenebiT savses,<br />
saxierebiT 1 gansxivebulsa,<br />
vumzer krZalviTa,<br />
TayvancemiTa,<br />
cremlmoreuli gemTxvevi ferxTa!<br />
mixaris _ gimzer,<br />
vhswuxvar _ da gimzer,<br />
da esreT mzera msurs sikvdilamde,<br />
ar gamovfxizlde,<br />
rom aRar vhgrZnobde<br />
Cemi samSoblos suliT dacemas!..<br />
yvavilovani walkoti Seni,<br />
Senis didebis sxivmoklebuli,<br />
aRara hSvenis,<br />
aRar gvibrwyinvis<br />
Sav droTa 1 ZaliT, fer waxdenili!...<br />
da viT ganvlilsa<br />
sizmarsa tkbilsa,<br />
mzes didebulad Casvenebulsa,<br />
vigonebT Sens dros,<br />
guli gvimagros,<br />
srulad ar wavhswydeT cis Semrisxavni!<br />
xniT damaSvrali 2 ,<br />
daRonebuli,<br />
Senadve, mefev, movel vedrebiT:<br />
moxedo bedkruls,<br />
Sens satrfos _ mamuls,<br />
da jvariT 3 SeniT akurTxo kvalad.<br />
Seni iveri<br />
aRsdges Zlieri,<br />
da dadges erad sxva erTa Soris,<br />
wmidiT saydariT,<br />
eniT mdidariT,<br />
swavlisa SuqiT ganaTebuli!<br />
zne amaRlebiT,<br />
Zlevis didebiT,<br />
samSoblo miwis siyvaruliTa! _<br />
da gagvicocxldes,<br />
rom kvlavc mogvesmes<br />
sityva qarTuli rusTavelisa.<br />
rom ganviRviZneT,<br />
suliT ganvaxldeT,<br />
da ganqres bneli umecrebisa!..<br />
... maram cad Tvalni<br />
gaqvs miqceulni,<br />
da me veRar mcnob gulSemusvrilsa,<br />
damcirebulsa,<br />
xmamiRebulsa,<br />
beddakargulis iveriis Zes!<br />
eWviT aRvsilsa,<br />
usasod qmnilsa,<br />
gul uimedos, gauxarebels!..<br />
vah Tu rac waxdes<br />
veRara aRhdges,<br />
1. `Semosvla langTemurisa da Sahabazisa, romelTa saSinlad gaaoxres Cveni<br />
qveyana. qarTvelTa daarqves Savi dro amaT Semosvlasa~ (avtori). 2. xniT<br />
damaSvrali _ aq: moxucebuli. 3. `rodesac saqarTvelos jari Seiyreboda<br />
salaSqrod, <strong>Tamar</strong> mefe TviT akurTxebda mas jarsa jvariTa~ (avtori).<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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48<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
veRar aRyvavdes axlis SvenebiT?<br />
da rac daeca,<br />
is waritaca<br />
Savman yoranma, viT umwe 1 msxverpli!<br />
he, cru sofelo,<br />
daundobelo,<br />
SenSi keTili sad ars ferucvlel?<br />
dideba Cveni,<br />
cad sxivmimfeni,<br />
nuTu esRa gvaqvs, vhxedavT rasaca?<br />
dayruebulsa 2 ,<br />
gza Seuvalsa 3 ,<br />
udaburs tyeSi taZars darRveuls,<br />
sad <strong>saxe</strong> <strong>mefis</strong>,<br />
didis <strong>Tamar</strong>is,<br />
sCans Zvels kedelze gamoxatulad!..<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1877 w.<br />
1. ra epiTetebiT amkobs grigol orbeliani <strong>Tamar</strong> mefes?<br />
2. ra fiqrebi aReZvris poets <strong>Tamar</strong>is freskis xilvisas?<br />
3. romantizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli romeli mkveTri dapirispireba<br />
aisaxa leqsSi?<br />
4. erTgvarovania Tu ara poetisTvis warsuli?<br />
romel dros aidealebs igi? romeli drois gaxseneba gaxdomia dam<br />
Trgunvelad? (gaiTvaliswineT avtoriseuli komentarebi).<br />
5. romeli SedarebebiT aris gadmocemuli <strong>Tamar</strong>is epoqis ganumeorebeli<br />
brwyinvaleba?<br />
6. ras SesTxovs poeti <strong>Tamar</strong>s?<br />
7. rogor e<strong>saxe</strong>ba poets samSoblos aRorZineba? ram unda ganapirobos<br />
misi zneobrivi amaRleba, Zalmosileba?<br />
8. ra mniSvnelobas aniWebs grigol orbeliani rusTavelis sityvas?<br />
9. rodis gaxda gancda gansakuTrebiT mZafri? ras niSnavs `cad miqceulni~<br />
Tvalni <strong>mefis</strong>a? romeli epiTetebiT daxasiaTda `beddakarguli<br />
iveriis Ze~ (igive avtori)?<br />
10. ras gamoxatavs `Savi yorani”?<br />
11. ra mohyva cnobil mimarTvas `he, cru sofelo...~? ra gadarCenila<br />
ferucvleli didebidan?<br />
12. romantizmis romeli niSnebi gamovlinda leqsSi? (imsjeleT klasSi).<br />
weriTi samuSao<br />
dawereT ese: warsulis gancda grigol orbeliani SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
1. umwe _umweo, susti. 2. dayruebuli _ miyruebuli, migdebuli. 3. gza Seuvali<br />
_ ugzo, miuvali.<br />
saRamo gamosalmebisa<br />
mze Caesvena: mis Suqi gamosalmis Jams kavkassa,<br />
Tavsa exveva alersiT, viT qali mamas moxucsa!<br />
bumberaz mTani mdumared caTamdis ayudebulni,<br />
hsxedan, viT devni, spetakis yinulgvirgviniT Semkulni!<br />
maT kldovan gverdTa Savada Rrubelni zed dahswolian<br />
da mrisxanebiT qveyanas warRvniTa emuqrebian.<br />
gazafxulisa veliTa tye, Semosili simwvaniT,<br />
mTebisa kalTebs Seamkobs satkbo 1 sunnelTa mofeniT.<br />
wyalni, mTiT daqanebulni, almasebr ufskruls hscvivian,<br />
Tergi hrbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian!<br />
Sewuxebuli vumzer gzas da masze etlsa mimsrbolsa 2 ,<br />
mimtacsa 3 yovlis keTilis, raca gvaqvs ama sofelsa,<br />
raca gviSvenebs sicocxles zeciurisa sxiviTa<br />
da aRgvamaRlebs am sofliT sulisa aRmafreniTa!<br />
midixar, satrfov, mSvidobiT! marad dRe Cemi kurTxeva<br />
cad mimarT 4 SenTvis meqneba, vidremdis suli meleva 5 .<br />
arRa 6 aamon aw TvalTa guli Senisa xilviTa,<br />
warvides Cemi sicocxle uSenod SromiT, zrunviTa.<br />
etli hrbis, satrfo mSordebis... Tana hsdevs Cemi mas suli,<br />
vmzer... Sors ZlivsRa hsCans... aRar hsCans... raRasa vumzer Smagqmnili?<br />
siSoris nislma mihfara 7 TvalTagan etli mimsrboli,<br />
da guliT oxrva simwaris aRmouteve unebli 8 ...<br />
mSvidobiT! vinca damatkbe sicocxlis netarebiTa,<br />
aw visTvis guli mikvnesis, suli hwuxs ganSorebiTa.<br />
vis xilva arRa Semmosavs sixarulisa naTliTa,<br />
ar ganmasvenebs mwuxares alersis xmiTa tkbiliTa!<br />
maram am sofels Sens garda vina myavs manugeSeblad,<br />
rom Senc ganmSordi, damtove, mwuxarebisa me msxverplad?<br />
waxvel, warmtace yoveli saamebeli sulisa,<br />
da vin ganmiRos aw kari bedisa dakargulisa?<br />
an me ugunurs, rad mrwamda bedisa dausruleba 9 ?<br />
aw davhSTi 10 martod... mSvidobiT! Sens guls nu hSordes mSvidoba!<br />
ars mwuxareba sulisa, ar aqvs nugeSi romelsa,<br />
hsjobs ena hsdumdes, xma Seswydes, moTqmiT ra ergos gulwylulsa?<br />
1. satkbo _ damatkbobeli. 2. mimsrboli _ swrafad mimavali. 3. mimtaci _<br />
mimtacebeli. 4. cad mimarT _ caTa mimarT. 5. vidremdis suli meleva _ sulis<br />
amoxdomamde. 6. arRa _ aRar. 7. mihfara _ dafara. 8. unebli _ uneblieT.<br />
9. dausruleba _ usasruloba. 10. davhSTi _ davrCi.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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50<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
SeRamda... marto vzi WmunviT; Cemi Civili vis esmis?<br />
dayruvda are... mxoloda xma ismis zogjer guSagis.<br />
mxolod hsCans, mTani mdumared ayudebulan caTamdis,<br />
da yazibegsa 1 saamod zeda varskvlavi dahnaTis!<br />
wyalni, mTiT daqanebulni, ufskrulsa ikargebian,<br />
Tergi hrbis, Tergi Rrialebs, kldeni bans eubnebian!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1841 w. vladikavkazi<br />
1. ra kontrastebi iqcevs yuradRebas leqsis dasawyisSi aRwerili<br />
bunebis suraTSi? (SeadareT erTmaneTs I strofis mxatvruli Sedarebebi.<br />
gaarkvieT maTi funqcia).<br />
2. ra dapirispireba SeiniSneba II strofSi?<br />
3. qarTveli romantikosebi peizaJis aRwerisas gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />
uTmoben swraf, mSfoTvare mdinareebs. gaixseneT nikoloz<br />
baraTaSvilis `bedi qarTlisa~: `morbis aragvi aragviani, Tan mosZaxian<br />
mTani tyianni...~. grigol orbelianis romeli sityvebi SeiZleba<br />
davuyenoT gverdiT am popularul frazas?<br />
4. rogori ganwyobileba dauflebia leqsis lirikul gmirs? vis emSvidobeba<br />
igi? ra datvirTva SesZina am faqtma leqsis saTaurs?<br />
5. rogor ganzogadda satrfosTan ganSorebiT gamowveuli sulieri<br />
tkivili?<br />
6. `marto vzi WmuvniT...~, `dayruvda are...~ _ ra Sinagani kavSiri SeiniSneba<br />
am or frazas Soris?<br />
7. natifad Sewyvilebulma romelma mxatvrulma <strong>saxe</strong>m Seqmna leqsis<br />
dasasruls gansakuTrebuli amaRlebuli ganwyobileba?<br />
8. aleqsandre WavWavaZis leqsis (`visac gsurT~) msgavsad, am teqstSic<br />
gvxvdeba `satrfo~ da `guSagi~. ra gansxvavebuli datvirTva aqvT maT<br />
am leqsebSi?<br />
1. yazibegi _ yazbegi, igulisxmeba myinvari.<br />
m u x a m b a z i 1<br />
muxambazo, ra tkbili ram xma xaro.<br />
C a m C im e l q o 2<br />
gind meZinos, mainc sulSi mizixar!<br />
TvalT avaxel, zed wamwamzed mizixar!<br />
rto alvisa Seni weli mgonia,<br />
mag welzeda cisartyela mgonia,<br />
eg Tvalebi _ caSi elva mgonia.<br />
vardis sunTqva _ Seni sunTqva mgonia.<br />
ros3 meRirsos, vhsTqva: `geTayva, Cemi xar!”<br />
gind meZinos, mainc sulSi mizixar!<br />
TvalT avaxel, zed wamwamzed mizixar!<br />
aTi gza maqvs, aTive Senken modis!<br />
fiqrebi maqvs, win Seni <strong>saxe</strong> modis!<br />
minda ram vhsTqva _ Seni <strong>saxe</strong>li modis!<br />
Cems gulSi ra ambebia, ra modis?<br />
erTxel mainc mkiTxe: `agre raTa xar?”<br />
gind meZinos, mainc sulSi mizixar!<br />
TvalT avaxel, zed wamwamzed mizixar!<br />
Cems dardebsa vin inaRvlis, vin aris?<br />
vis raT unda, lopiana4 vin aris?<br />
mkvdaria Tu cocxalia, vin aris?<br />
qveyanaSi aba raa, vin aris?<br />
Sen ar metyvi, vici, suliT nazi xar!<br />
gind meZinos, mainc sulSi mizixar!<br />
TvalT avaxel, zed wamwamzed mizixar!<br />
orTaWalis baRSi mnaxe, vina var,<br />
dardimandis5 lxinSi mnaxe, vina var!<br />
jamiT tolumbaSi6 mnaxe, vina var!<br />
aba muStis krivSi mnaxe, vina var! _<br />
maSin Segiyvarde, sTqva: `Zvirfasi xar!~<br />
gind meZinos, mainc sulSi mizixar!<br />
TvalT avaxel, zed wamwamzed mizixar!<br />
kojori, 1861w.<br />
1. muxambazi _ aRmosavluri warmomavlobis saleqso forma. sruldeboda sakravis<br />
TanxlebiT. muxambazis strofi Sedgeba 14 an 11marcvliani 5 taepisagan. qarTul poeziaSi<br />
igi besik gabaSvilma daamkvidra. muxambazs werdnen qarTveli romantikosebi<br />
al. WavWavaZe, gr.orbeliani da sxva. 2. CamCi-melqo _ Tbiliseli moleqsis melqo<br />
gulqanovis fsevdonimi. cxovrobda XVIII saukunis miwurulsa da XIX saukunis 20ian<br />
wlebSi. xelobiT mesanTle yofila. 3. ros _ aq: rodis. 4. lopiana _ cnobili yara<br />
CoReli, mokrive da meTevze. lopianas zogjer `orbelianis adiutantsac~ eZaxdnen.<br />
5. dardimandi _ udardeli, xelgaSlili. 6. tolubaSi (Turq.) _ Tamada.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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52<br />
grigol orbeliani<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. romeli ori taepi iqca leqsis refrenad? es refreni mxolod leqsis<br />
samkaulia, Tu misi mTavari saTqmelis gamomxatvelic?<br />
2. saidan vigebT, rom lopiana Tavis `monologSi~ gauziarebel siyvarulze<br />
laparakobs?<br />
3. romel strofSia gadmocemuli satrfos garegnuli silamaze?<br />
4. rogor warmoaCina lopianam Tavisi Rirsebebi?<br />
5. rodis ubrundeba lopiana gauziarebeli siyvarulis Temas?<br />
7. moZebneT `muxambazSi~ qalaquri (aSuRuri) poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebeli<br />
gameorebebi.<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
popularul simRerad qceuli leqsi<br />
besikis `tano tatanos” Semdeg qarTul muxambazur poeziaSi ukeTesi<br />
araferi Seqmnila... martivi, sada, ubralo, laRi, amave dros mwvave da<br />
mimzidveli lopianas dardebi (ase erqva leqss erT adrindel variant<br />
Si)...<br />
lopianasTvis satrfo saocnebo xatia, RvTaeba, romelsac siamovnebiT<br />
Seewireba zvarakad: `ginda mklavde, aras getyvi, Seni var~.<br />
... ver getyviT, rom gr. orbeliani aristokratuli ironiiT dahyurebda<br />
zemodan Tavis personaJebs, rogorc aRniSnaven misi poeziis mkvlevarni.<br />
lopianas gulwrfeli monologi amis Tqmis uflebas ar gvaZlevs.<br />
avtori gardasaxvas axdens. ufro zusti iqneba Tu vityviT, rom am leqss<br />
Tbilisis dardimandebs Soris Camdgari gr. orbeliani ambobs.<br />
`gind meZinos~ qarTuli muxambazuri poeziis mSvenebaa da mas Cinebuli<br />
musikaluri forma mouZebna kompozitorma arCil kereseliZem.<br />
fsalmuni<br />
akaki xinTibiZe<br />
vina aRvides maRalsa mas mTasa wmidasa,<br />
sada hgaloben angelozni RvTisa didebas?..<br />
_ suliTa wrfeli, mSvidi guliT, fiqriT ganwmendil,<br />
vis ar Seexo zakvis 1 gesli Zmisa gankiTxvad<br />
da siyvaruliT Seiwyala cdomili 2 vnebiT...<br />
vinca am soflis didebasa, mzeebr mnaTobsa,<br />
monebr ar mihsdevs, hscnobs ra mis Suqs fuWwarmavalsa,<br />
vinc Zlierebas 3 xmiTa maRliT amcno simarTle<br />
da Zmas dacemuls mihsca xeli da aRadgina!..<br />
igi aRvides maRalsa mas mTasa wmidasa,<br />
RvTisa didebis galobiTa naTelmosili.<br />
25 ivnisi, 1879 w.<br />
1. zakva _ `piriT siyuarulsa iCemebdes, gulTa boroti daimarxos” (saba).<br />
2. cdomili codvili. 3. Zliereba _ Zalmomreoba.<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. poetis azriT, pirvel yovlisa, ra marTebs adamians _ Semcode moyvasis<br />
gankiTxva Tu misadmi TanagrZnoba?<br />
2. ra unda daupirispiros adamianma aRzevebul Zalmomreobas?<br />
3. gaixseneT `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. aRmzrdelebi sruliad axalgazrda<br />
grigols mRvdlad kurTxevis aucileblobas 23e fsalmunis<br />
SexsenebiT usabuTeben (`vin aRvides mTasa uflisasa...~). ratom ixsenebs<br />
mxcovani, mravlismomswre grigol orbeliani amave fsalmunis<br />
muxlebs gardacvalebamde ramdenime wliT adre daweril leqsSi?<br />
he, iveriav!<br />
he, iveriav! vidre iyo qedmodrekili,<br />
vidremdis sxvaTa yvedrebiTa gfarvides Zali,<br />
rad ara gaxsovs ZeTa SenTa xrmalTa kriali,<br />
ZlevaTa maTgan ros didebiT iyav mosili.<br />
winaparT sisxli aw Cvens Soris arRa mdinarebs.<br />
Tavisufleba ganqra CvenTvis, raRa gvaxarebs!<br />
SoriT mosuli Cems mamulSi myvedris1 cxovrebas,<br />
moyvrulad gvmterobs, gvtacebs yovels, gviqms alersobas...<br />
ese nayofi aqvs maradis cudsa monebas.<br />
bedo! nu gZinavs, ganiRviZe, ismend2 vaebas!<br />
cxovars vemsgavseT, romelsaca mwyemsi ar uvis3 ,<br />
viTarca mglisa, egreT4 mSier kacis eSinis,<br />
vinca ganagdebs saRmrTos valsa da gzas pativis,<br />
dasasrul mainc saSinelad esreT warxdebis.<br />
[1832 w.]<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. ras Seaxsenebs poeti damonebul qveyanas?<br />
2. ra Sedegi gamouRia winaprebTan kavSiris gawyvetas?<br />
3. vis gulisxmobs poeti `SoriT mosulSi~?<br />
4. raSi vlindeba mtris farisevluri buneba?<br />
5. ra mowodebas Seicavs leqsi?<br />
6. ra gamoiwvia `saRmrTo valis~, Rirsebis daviwyebam?<br />
7. miniSnebulia Tu ara leqsSi xsnis gza?<br />
8. SeadareT erTmaneTs `he, iveriav!~ da `iaralis~.<br />
ra msgavseba SeniSneT maT Soris?<br />
weriTi samuSao<br />
dawereT ese: bunebis romantikuli gancda grigol<br />
orbelianis SemoqmedebaSi.<br />
1. myvedris _ mamadlis. 2. ismend _ ismende. 3. ar uvis _ ara hyavs. 4. egreT _ aseve.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
53
54<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
(1817-1845)<br />
`RmerTma gamogvigzavna Cvenda<br />
nugeSad da Cvenda Tavmosawoneblad<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili, ukurTxa ena<br />
metyvelebisaTvis, Tvalni _ xedvisaTvis,<br />
yurni _ smenisaTvis. guls<br />
Caudga gauqrobeli cecxli kacTa<br />
gulis gasaTbobad da ubrZana: wa di<br />
da kacTa naTesavs amcne uzenaesi<br />
mcne ba Seni da sityviT guli gauTbeo~<br />
(ilia WavWavaZe).<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili daibada<br />
1817 wlis 27 dekembers TbilisSi,<br />
anCis xatis ubanSi. misi mama, melitoni,<br />
iyo xelmokle Tavadi, guluxvi da<br />
stu marTmoyvare, uyvarda mwerloba,<br />
TanamedroveTa Soris naswavl kacad<br />
miiCneoda. poetis deda, efemia, grigol orbelianis da, gamoirCeoda saTnoebiT.<br />
poets werakiTxva ojaxSi Seaswavles, 7 wlisa miabares kaloubnis<br />
samrevlo skolaSi, Semdeg gadaiyvanes Tbilisis keTilSobilTa saswavlebelSi,<br />
romelic 1830 wels gimnaziad gadakeTda. nikolozi bejiTi,<br />
niWieri moswavle iyo, gansakuTrebiT uyvarda saRvTo istoria, sityviereba<br />
da ritorikalogika. 1835 wels daasrula gimnaziis kursi `qebis<br />
atestatiT~ da 18 wlis Wabuki cxovrebis gzas daadga.<br />
poetis aRzrdaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula qarTvelma filosofosma<br />
solomon dodaSvilma, romelic mas qarTul enas aswavlida. gimnaziaSi<br />
moswavleTa literaturuli wre Seiqmna, romelSic aqtiurad monawileobda<br />
nikolozi. am wrem gamouSva xelnaweri Jurnalis, `Tbilisis<br />
gimnaziis yvavilis~, ramdenime nomeri, mis furclebze gamoqveynda bara<br />
TaSvilis erTi prozauli Targmanic.<br />
1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi monawileobis gamo dodaSvilis dapatimrebam<br />
baraTaSvilze didi gavlena moaxdina. rogorc cnobilia, maSin Seipyres<br />
grigol orbeliani, poetis bevri naTesavi da ufrosi megobari. am ambiT<br />
gamowveuli gancdebi poetma asaxa adrindel leqsebSi.<br />
gimnaziis damTavrebisTanave, 1835 wlis 6 noembers, baraTaSvili dainiSna<br />
saqarTvelos uzenaesi kancelariis TanamSromlad. `ganvwesdi sam <br />
sa xurSi da davmorCildi Cems mkacrs bedsa~, _ swerda igi grigol orbelians.<br />
moxeled qceuli poeti Tavis movaleobas keTilsindisierad asru <br />
lebda. mis mier gadawerili mravali dokumenti metyvelebs, rom yvelaferi<br />
wesrigSi hqonia moyvanili.<br />
baraTaSvili eZebda Cinovnikuri samsaxuridan TavdaRwevis gzas, biZas<br />
evedreboda daxmarebas. 1845 wels grigol orbelians swerda: `me Sinagani<br />
xma miwvevs saukeTesos xvedrisaken, guli meubneba, rom Sen ara xar axlandelis<br />
mdgomareobisTvis dabadebulio! nu gZinavso! me ara mZinavs, magram<br />
kaci minda, rom am patara Rrekldes gamiyvanos da davdge gaSlils<br />
adgils. oh, ra Tavisuflad amovisunTqav maSin, ra xelmwifurad gadavxedav<br />
Cems asparezsa!~<br />
levan meliqiSvilma, romelic imxanad naxWevanis mazris mmarTvelad<br />
iyo gamwesebuli, Tavisi TanaSemweoba SesTavaza. baraTaSvili megobars<br />
sixaruliT dasTanxmda. 1844 wlis noembers is naxWevanSi gaemgzavra<br />
da Seudga axal saqmianobas. iq msaxurobda 1845 wlis martis bolomde.<br />
maisSi, Tavisi survilis sawinaaRmdegod, poeti TbilisSi, Zvel adgilze<br />
daab runes. amis gamo man gubernatorTan iCivla, rasac Sedegad is mohyva,<br />
rom 24 maiss igi Telavis mazris mmarTvelis moadgilis movaleobis<br />
Semsruleblad daniSnes. poeti emzadeboda iq wasasvlelad, magram<br />
moulodnelad ganjis mazris mmarTveli mamuka orbeliani Camovida TbilisSi<br />
da sTxova, TanaSemwed wahyoloda. baraTaSvils xangrZlivi megobroba<br />
akavSirebda mamukasTan da daTanxmda. ivnisis bolo ricxvebSi ganjaSi<br />
gaemgzavra. mTeli zafxuli da Semodgoma TavgamodebiT muSaobda.<br />
mamuka xSirad TbilisSi imyofeboda, ris gamoc marTvagamgeobis mTeli<br />
simZime baraTaSvils awva kiserze. aq mas malaria Seeyara. amas zed daer<br />
To gacieba da 1845 wlis 9 oqtombers nikoloz baraTaSvili gardaicvala<br />
ganjaSi, dakrZales iqve, ise, rom arc gulis satrfos dautiria da arc<br />
dedis mwuxare cremli dascemia.<br />
1893 wlis 25 aprils nikoloz baraTaSvilis neSti ganjidan TbilisSi<br />
Camoasvenes da didubis panTeonSi dakrZales. xolo 1938 wlis 15 oqtombers<br />
mudmivi gansasvenebeli miuCines mTawmindis mweralTa da sazogado<br />
moRvaweTa panTeonSi.<br />
ivane lolaSvilis mixedviT<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
55
56<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
SemoRameba mTawmindazed<br />
hoi mTawmidav, mTao wmidav, adgilni Senni<br />
damafiqvrelni, veranani 1 da udaburni<br />
viTar 2 hSvenian, ros monamen cvarni ciurni,<br />
odes saRamos dahSTen 3 amos 4 ciagni nelni! 5<br />
viTari maSin idumiloba daisadgurebs Sens aremares!<br />
ra sanaxavi warutyvevs TvalTa 6 maSin Sens turfas serzed mdgomares!<br />
Zirs gaSlils lamazs velsa yvavilni mohfenen, viTa tablas wmidasa, 7<br />
da, viT gundruksa 8 samadlobelsa, Senda aRkmeven sunnelebasa!<br />
maxsovs igi dro, saamo dro, ros naRvliani,<br />
kldev bundovano, Sens bilikad mimovdiodi<br />
da wynars saRamos, viT megobars, Semovetrfodi,<br />
rom Cemebr igic iyo mwuxar da sevdiani!<br />
oh, viT yoveli, bunebac maSin iyo lamazi, minazebuli!<br />
he, cao, cao, xateba Seni jer kidev gulzed maqvs daCneuli!<br />
awca 9 ra Tvalni laJvards gixilven, myis fiqrni Senda moiswrafian,<br />
magram Senamdin ver moaRweven da haerSive ganibnevian!<br />
me, Sensa mWvretels, maviwydebis sawuTroeba,<br />
gulisTqma Cemi Sens iqiTa... eZiebs sadgurs,<br />
zenaarT samyofs 10 , rom daSTos 11 aq amaoeba...<br />
magram ver hscnoben, glax, 12 mokvdavni gangebas ciurs!<br />
dafiqrebuli videg serzeda da caTa mimarT mzirals trfobiTa<br />
Semomertymoda maisis mwuxri, aRmvsebi napralT mdumarebiTa;<br />
xandisxan nelad mqrolni niavni ReleTa Soris aRmokvnesoden<br />
da zogjer Cumni Semogareni amiT Cems gulsa eTanxmeboden!<br />
mTao cxovelo, xan mcinaro, xan cremliano,<br />
vin mogixilos, romel myisve TvisTa fiqrT Sveba<br />
ara ipovos da ar dahxsnas 13 gulsa vaeba;<br />
guldaxurulTa megobaro, mTav Rrubliano!<br />
hsdumda yoveli mun aremare, bindi gadekra cisa kamaras.<br />
mohsdevs mTovares, viTa mijnuri, varskvlavi marto misa amara.<br />
ginaxavT suli jereT umanko, mxurvale locviT miqancebuli?<br />
mas hgavda mTvare nazad moare 14 , diskogadaxriT Suqmibinduli!<br />
1. verana _ gaveranebuli, tiali. 2. viTar _ rogor. 3. dahSTen _ darCnen. 4. amos _<br />
sasiamovnod. 5. ciagni nelni _ mkrTali cimcimi. 6. warutyvevs _ daatyvevebs.<br />
7. tabla wmida _ wminda trapezi sakurTxevelSi. 8. gundruki _ sakmeveli. 9. awca<br />
_ axla. 10. zenaarT samyofi _ caTa sasufeveli. 11. daSTos _ datovos. 12. glax _<br />
samwuxarod. 13. dahxsnas _ moaSoros. 14. moare _ mosiarule.<br />
amgvari iyo mTawmidazed SemoRameba!<br />
hoi adgilno, maxsovs, maxsovs, rasac vhfiqrobdi<br />
me TqvenTa Soris da an rasac aRmovityodi!<br />
mxolod guli hgrZnobs, Tu viTari hsZRveniT mas Sveba!<br />
hoi saRamov, myudrov, saamov, Sen damSTi Cemad sanugeSeblad!<br />
ros mWmunvareba 1 Semomesevis, Senda moviltvi gansaqarveblad!<br />
mwuxri gulisa _ sevda gulisa _ nugeSsa amas Sengan miiRebs,<br />
rom gaTendeba dila mziani da yovels bindsa is gananaTlebs!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1836 (1843) w.<br />
1. rogor ganwyobas qmnis leqsis dasawyisi? ras unda moelodes mkiTxveli<br />
_ xalisiani Tu sevdiani fiqrebis gandobas?<br />
2. ras exmianeba poeti leqsis dasawyisSi?<br />
3. rogor aris aRwerili mTawminda da misi Semogareni? riT gvamax <br />
sovrdeba isini _ konkretuli StrixebiT Tu bundovanebiT?<br />
4. ras warmoadgens gare sinamdvile? TavisTavadi mniSvnelobis mqone<br />
realobaa igi, Tu mxolod da mxolod poetis subieqturi gancdebis<br />
Tvis aucilebeli foni?<br />
5. ra sanaxaoba gadaeSala `turfas serzed mdgomares~? romel SedarebebSi<br />
iCina Tavi religiurma simbolikam? (daakvirdiT, risTvis axsenebs<br />
poeti suliwmindis mofenis saeklesio dResaswaulze sakurTxevlis<br />
wminda tablaze mimobneul nairfer yvavilebs).<br />
6. saiTken iswrafvis leqsis lirikuli gmiris fiqri, ocneba?<br />
7. ra rols TamaSobs leqsSi `cis peizaJi~?<br />
8. moZebneT leqsSi sruliad originaluri mxatvruli <strong>saxe</strong>, romelmac<br />
galaktion tabiZis lirikul Sedevrs daudo saTave.<br />
9. rogor aisaxa leqsSi romantizmisTvis niSandoblivi `lirikuli<br />
usazRvroeba~? (moZebneT teqstSi saTanado adgilebi da imsjeleT<br />
klasSi.)<br />
10. ras eniWeba leqsSi meti mniSvneloba _ gancdilis gaxsenebas Tu TviT<br />
gancdas, romlis Semswred Tavad mkiTxveli iqca?<br />
11. daZebneT leqsSi is adgilebi, romlebic poetis sulier gancdebsa da<br />
garesinamdviles Soris arsebul Tanxmobaze metyveleben. rad iqca<br />
leqsis bolos saRamo?<br />
12. rogor fiqrobT, ratom enacvleba leqsSi erTmaneTs 14 da 20marcvliani<br />
strofebi? maTgan romelia ufro paTetikuri da romeli _ aRwerilobiTi<br />
xasiaTisa?<br />
1. mWmunvareba _ Wmunva, naRveli.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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58<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
<strong>saxe</strong>lwodeba `mTawminda~<br />
`am mTas mudam mTawmindisas eZaxdnen, Tan wm. daviTis 1 <strong>saxe</strong>lis gamo ki<br />
ara, aramed metoqis gamo wm. aTonis mTisa, anu namdvilad wminda mTisa...<br />
qarTvelebs SesaniSnavi Cveuleba hqondaT, gadmoetanaT klasikuri Tanamorwmune<br />
saberZneTidana da palestinidan Tavis qveyanaSi qristianuli<br />
taZrebis nimuSebi da maTi aRSenebisas maTTvis Tavdapirveli <strong>saxe</strong>lwodebebi<br />
miecaT...<br />
amgvarad, aTonis wm. mTidan miiRo <strong>saxe</strong>li mTam, Tfilisis dasavleTi<br />
mxridan rom mbrZaneblobs, xolo aq Seqmnil eklesiasac qarTulad mTawmindisa<br />
ewoda. aqedan am midamos <strong>saxe</strong>lwodeba IX saukunes miekuTvneba,<br />
e. i. aTonze mTawmindis monasterTa ganviTarebisa da gavrcelebis dros,<br />
sadac maSinve moewyo qarTvelTa monasteri `ivironic~, romelsac samarTlmadidebloSi<br />
egzom cnobili karis RmrTismSoblis, portaitisas,<br />
<strong>saxe</strong>li ewoda”.<br />
platon ioseliani 2 _ `aRwera Tfilisis siZveleTa~.<br />
SedarebisTvis:<br />
`saRamo gamosalmebisa~ _<br />
`mxolod hsCans, mTani mdumared ayudebulan caTamdis,<br />
da yazibegsa saamod zeda varskvlavi dahnaTis!<br />
`SemoRameba mTawmindaze~ _<br />
sdumda yoveli mun aremare, bindi gadekra cisa kamaras,<br />
mohsdevs mTovares, viTa mijnuri, varskvlavi marto misi amara~.<br />
ra msgavseba da gansxvaveba SeniSneT am fragmentebSi?<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
leqsis finalis orgvari gaazreba<br />
`nikoloz baraTaSvili ise arasdros Seupyria sevdas, rom imedis gamovlenis<br />
gza daxSoboda. igi saimedosa da sasixarulos eZebda yvelgan,<br />
rogorc bunebis wiaRSi, ise adamianTa sazogadoebaSi. marTalia, es Zieba<br />
yovelTvis nayofieri ar iyo, radgan igi arc brZolis naTel programas<br />
Seicavda da arc savsebiT Camoyalibebul ideals, magram nikoloz bara<br />
TaSvili Ziebaze uars mainc arasodes ambobda. mas sjeroda, rom bolos<br />
da bolos `gaTendeba dila mziani da yovels bindsa is gananaTlebs~.<br />
grigol kiknaZe<br />
1. wm. daviTi _ VI saukuneSi Tavis 12 TanamoazresTan erTad siriidan Camosuli beri,<br />
romelic, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, jer TbilisSi, mTawmindaze damkvidrda, xolo Semdgom<br />
garejis udabnoSi gadavida. mTawmindis kidev erTi <strong>saxe</strong>lwodeba, `mama daviTi~,<br />
swored misgan momdinareobs. 2. platon ioseliani (1809-1875) _ cnobili istorikosi,<br />
filosofosi da Jurnalisti.<br />
`TviT finalic am leqsisa, romelsac xSirad optimisturad miiCneven,<br />
moklebulia qmediT, aqtiur paToss. igi ufro sinamdvilesTan Serigebaze<br />
metyvelebs da ara masTan SebrZolebaze. imedi, nugeSi aq gamoTqmulia<br />
TiTqos imave sevdiani kiloTi, romelic mTel leqss gasdevs,<br />
radgan es aris ara bedisweris daZlevis gamomxatveli ganwyobileba, aramed<br />
TviT samyaros kanonzomierebaSi raRac masTan Semrigeblis, Semgueblis<br />
aRmoCenis cda...~<br />
guram asaTiani<br />
ganixileT klasSi es ori Tvalsazrisi da gamokveTeT Tqveni<br />
pozicia.<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
geronti qiqoZe werda: `Tavis elegiaSi `SemoRameba mTawmindaze”, qar<br />
Tuli Semoqmedi sulis am udides ZeglSi, baraTaSvilma gansacvifrebeli<br />
poeturi siZlieriT `adgilni veranani da udaburni” gardaaqcia mistikuri<br />
da winaaRmdegobis Sinagani brZolebis, tanjuli sulis gamomxatvel<br />
sarked~.<br />
geronti qiqoZes am Sedevrze msjelobisas axsendeba germaneli mistikosi<br />
mxatvris, arnold bioklinis (18271901), ferweruli tilo `micvalebulTa<br />
kunZuli~, romelSic, misive TqmiT, buneba aseve mwuxarea da<br />
sevdiani, aRsavsea raRac gamouTqmeli mistikuri idumalebiT...<br />
(sxvaTa Soris, am suraTis mixedviT rusma kompozitorma, sergei raxmaninovma,<br />
Seqmna simfoniuri fantazia).<br />
daakvirdiT bioklinis suraTis reproduqcias. gagaxsenaT Tu ara misma<br />
xilvam `SemoRameba mTawmindazed~? (kargi iqneba, Tu klasSi raxmaninovis<br />
musikis Canawersac moismenT).<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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60<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
merani<br />
mirbis, mimafrens ugzoukvlod Cemi merani,<br />
ukan momCxavis TvalbediTi 1 Savi yorani!<br />
gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari 2<br />
da niavs miec fiqri Cemi, Savad mRelvari!<br />
gahkveTe qari, gaape wyali, gardaiare kldeni da Rreni,<br />
gaswi, gakurcxle da Semimokle mouTmenelsa savalni dReni! 3<br />
nu Seefarvi, 4 Cemo mfrinavo, nuca 5 sicxesa, nuca avdarsa,<br />
nu Semibraleb daqanculobiT Tavganwirulsa Sensa mxedarsa!<br />
raa, movSorde Cemsa mamulsa, movaklde sworTa da megobarsa!<br />
nuRa vixilav CemTa mSobelTa da Cemsa satrfos tkbilmoubarsa;<br />
sac 6 damiRamdes, iq gamiTendes, iq iyos Cemi miwa samSoblo,<br />
mxolod varskvlavTa, TanamavalTa, vamcno gulisa me saidumlo!<br />
kvnesa gulisa, trfobis naSTi, mivce zRvis Relvas<br />
da Sens mSveniers, aRtacebuls, giJursa ltolvas! 7<br />
gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari!<br />
da niavs miec fiqri Cemi, Savad mRelvari!<br />
nu davimarxo Cemsa mamulSi, CemTa winaparT saflavebs Soris,<br />
nu damitiros satrfom gulisa, nuRa dameces cremli mwuxaris!<br />
Savi yorani gamiTxris saflavs mdeloTa Soris tialis 8 mindvris<br />
da qarisSxali ZvalTa STenilTa 9 zariT 10 , RrialiT miwas momayris!<br />
satrfos cremlis wil mkvdarsa, oxersa damecemian ciurni cvarni,<br />
CemTa naTesavT glovisa nacvlad mivalaleben 11 svavni myivarni! 12<br />
gaswi, gafrindi, Cemo merano, gardamatare bedis 13 samZRvari;<br />
Tu aqamomde ar emona mas, arc aw emonos Seni mxedari.<br />
dae, movkvde me upatronod misgan oxeri! 14<br />
ver SemaSinos misma basrma 15 mosisxle mteri!<br />
gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari<br />
da niavs miec fiqri Cemi, Savad mRelvari!<br />
cudad 16 xom mainc ara Caivlis es ganwirulis suliskveTeba<br />
da gza uvali, Sengan Telili 17 , merano Cemo, mainc darCeba:<br />
da Cems Semdgomad moZmesa Cemsa siZnele gzisa gauadvildes,<br />
da Seupovrad mas hune 18 Tvisi Savis bedis win gamouqroldes!<br />
1. TvalbediTi _ Tvalboroti, sabediswero. 2. samZRvari _ sazRvari. 3. savalni<br />
dReni _ (cxovrebis) darCenili dReebi. 4. nu Seefarvi _ nu moeridebi. 5. nuca _<br />
nurc. 6. sac _ sadac. 7. ltolva _ qrola. 8. tiali _ vrceli, triali. 9. STenili<br />
_ darCenili (Zvalni STenilni _ ConCxi). 10. zari _ aq: glova. 11. mivalaleben _<br />
migloven, damitireben. 12. myivarni _ momyivarni. 13. bedi _ bediswera. 14. misgan<br />
oxeri _ misgan ganwiruli. 15. misi basri _ misi (yornis) basri (klanWebi). 16. cudad<br />
_ uSedegod, uazrod. 17. Telili _ gakvaluli. 18. hune _ cxeni, raSi.<br />
mirbis, mimafrens ugzoukvlod Cemi merani,<br />
ukan momCxavis TvalbediTi Savi yorani!<br />
gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari<br />
da niavs miec fiqri Cemi, Savad mRelvari!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1842 w.<br />
1. ra sityvebiT iwyeba `SemoRameba mTawmindazed~ da `merani~?<br />
romeli leqsis dasawyisSi igrZnoba moqmedebis mZlavri impulsi?<br />
2. risken iswrafvis `Tavganwiruli mxedari~?<br />
3. ra abrkolebs mernis qrolvas?<br />
Tqveni azriT, risi simboloa Savi yorani?<br />
4. romeli saleqso sazomebis monacvleobiT iqna gamoxatuli `bedis<br />
samZRvris~ daZlevis mZafri survili? (moZebneT teqstSi saTanado<br />
adgilebi).<br />
5. rogori gza aurCevia mxedars?<br />
6. ra unda mohyves `ganwirulis suliskveTebas~?<br />
vis unda moxmardes msxverplis gaRebiT SeZenili sulieri gamocdileba?<br />
7. daviT guramiSvili werda:<br />
`amazed aris Cemi da cruis sawuTros Cxubia,<br />
kacs sad ar unda, waiyvans, yelzed sabeli ubia~.<br />
vin scada am sablis gadaWra?<br />
8. pavle ingoroyvam `meranSi” miagno `vefxistyaosnis~ gavlenis kvals.<br />
Tqveni azriT, `avTandilis anderZis~ romel adgilebze SeaCerebda<br />
cnobili mkvlevari yuradRebas?<br />
9. 1842 wels nikoloz baraTaSvili grigol orbelians weriliT acnobebs,<br />
rom man Samilis mier ilia orbelianis datyvevebis gamo leqsi<br />
dawera. baraTaSvili `meranis~ teqsts werilSi srulad rTavs da iqve<br />
dasZens: amas fiqrobs poeti ilikos magivrado.<br />
rogor ggoniaT, marTla ase uceb daiwera `merani~, Tu mis ideas poeti<br />
adridanve atarebda da Zvirfasi adamianis datyvevebis faqtma daaCqara<br />
misi saboloo xorcSesxma?<br />
Tvalsazrisi<br />
`merani~ namdvili himnia gmirobisa. aq gadmocemulia titanuri, qartexiliani<br />
amboxeba adamianis sulisa. Tavganwiruli mxedari ekveTeba<br />
TviT bedisweras, mis nebisyofas ver borkavs veraviTari eWvi, mas ar<br />
aSinebs TvalbediTi yornis Cxavili, misi merani miscemia dausrulebel<br />
qrolvas im rwmeniT, rom gza uvali misgan Telili mainc darCeba da mis<br />
Semdgomad moZmesa missa siZnele gzisa gauadvildeba. ~<br />
pavle ingoroyva<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
61
62<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
`merani~ genialuri lirikuli qmnilebaa ara marto qarTul, aramed<br />
msoflio poeziaSic. igi uaRresad novatoruli movlenaa da imave dros<br />
klasikuric Tavisi srulyofili formiT.~<br />
akaki gawerelia<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
waikiTxeT xalxuri leqsi:<br />
`TvalbediTi Savi yorani”<br />
zen 1 bacaligos 2 Tovli Tovs,<br />
qven 3 bacaligos Srebao,<br />
TinibeqaurT cixesa<br />
kuTxi marjvena sqdebao,<br />
zed Semomjdara yorani,<br />
liboSi 4 gveli Zvrebao,<br />
Siga wevs Tinibeqai,<br />
gulsuwadinod 5 kvdebao,<br />
gverds uzis qali lamazi,<br />
sanTeliviTa dnebao.<br />
risi simboloa yorani am leqsSi?<br />
* * *<br />
didi amerikeli poeti edgar alan po<br />
(18091849) nikoloz baraTaSvi lis Tanamedrove<br />
iyo. man udidesi zegavlena<br />
mo axdina axali drois evropul poezia<br />
ze. edgar pos idumalebiT mocul poeziaSi<br />
gansa kuTrebuli adgili uWiravs<br />
`yorans~, rom lis erTierT ilustraciasac<br />
aqve xedavT.<br />
sagulisxmoa, rom bibliis, dantes `RvTa <br />
ebrivi komediis~, servantesis `don ki <br />
xotis~, rables `gargantuasa da pantagruelis~<br />
da sxva wignebis SesaniSnavi ilustratori<br />
gustav dore edgar pos am erTi<br />
leqsiT dainteresda. davakvirdeT, rogor<br />
gaacocxla man leqsis avis mauwyebeli<br />
`perso naJi~ _ Savi yorani.<br />
1. zen _ zemo. 2. bacaligo _ sofeli piraqeT xevsureTSi. 3. qven _ qvemo. 4. libo _<br />
saZirkveli. 5. gulsuwadinod _ undomlad.<br />
vin SeurCia baraTaSvilis ukvdav leqss saTauri?<br />
`... dRes yvelas gvjera da gvwams, TiTqos TviTon poetma SearCia sa<br />
Taurad `merani~.<br />
axla ki Rirs erTgvari ridiTa da mokrZalebiT vaxsenoT <strong>saxe</strong>li im<br />
adamianisa, vinc pirvelma daanaTla am ukvdav leqss saTaurad `merani”...<br />
es kaci gaxldaT Cveni didi leqsikografi, peterburgis universitetis<br />
profesori daviT CubinaSvili.<br />
daviT CubinaSvilma samSoblodan Sors, peterburgSi, or nawilad dabeWda<br />
Cveni kazmulsityvaobis pirvelxarisxovani nimuSebi. mis mier Sed <br />
genil da 1863 wels gamocemul `qarTuli qrestomaTiis~ meore wignis<br />
129e gverdze baraTaSvilis Sedevri dastambulia saTauriT `merani~...<br />
ra Tqma unda, daviT CubinaSvils Sors ar mouxdeboda `wasvla~, <strong>saxe</strong>li<br />
`merani~ TviTon ukvdavi leqsis striqonebSi borgavda, magram saWiro<br />
iyo gemovneba da poeziis maRali grZnoba erTaderTi, saukeTeso variantis<br />
misagnebad...<br />
am granitisebur, magram Tanac mRelvare da emociur saTaurs sayovel<br />
Tao saxalxo dideba daumkvidra ilia WavWavaZem, romelic baraTaSvilis<br />
sakacobrio Rirebulebebze yvelgan `meranis~ <strong>saxe</strong>lwodebiT laparakobda:<br />
`Cemi fiqriT `merani~ winasityvaobaa `sulo borotosi~.<br />
am <strong>saxe</strong>lwodebiT xmianobs es leqsi poetebis kritikosebis, filosofosebis,<br />
eseistebisa da esTetikosTa naTqvamebsa da naazrevSi. ase<br />
gadaizarda poetiseuli striqoni `mirbis, mimafrens~ CubinaSviliseul<br />
saTaurSi `merani~.<br />
xma idumali<br />
visi xma aris es sakvirveli?<br />
rad aqvs guls ese Cumi naRveli?<br />
ra vhscan 1 pirvelad wuTisofeli,<br />
davhSTe 2 adgili, sadaca wrfeli<br />
rbioda naTlad dro ymawvilobis<br />
sworTa, TanzrdilTa, 3 megobarT Soris, _<br />
mas aqeT xma ram Tan hsdevs yovelTa<br />
CemTa zraxvaTa da sawadelTa!<br />
cxadad Tu sizmrad, me igi marad<br />
sul erTsa miwvrTnis 4 gulisa Wirad:<br />
`eZie, yrmao, Sen mxvedri 5 Seni,<br />
vinZlo 6 ipovno Seni saSveni!~ 7<br />
magram me mxvedrsa Cemsa ver vhpoveb<br />
da miT kaeSans 8 verRa viSoreb!<br />
simon sxirtlaZe<br />
1. vhscan _ Sevicani. 2. davhSTe _ davtove. 3. Tanzrdilni _ Tanatolebi. 4. miwvrTnis<br />
_ marwmunebs, mimeorebs. 5. mxvedri _ xvedri, wili. 6. vinZlo _ iqneb. 7. saSveni<br />
_ Sesaferisi. 8. kaeSani _ sevda, mwuxareba.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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64<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
nuTu xma ese ars xma devnisa<br />
Seuwyalisa sinidisisa?<br />
magram me CemSi ver vhpoveb avsa,<br />
miss saSfoTvelos da saqenjnavsa. 1<br />
angelozi xar, mfarveli Cemi<br />
an Tu eSmaki, macTuri Cemi?<br />
vinca xar, marqvi, ras momiswaveb, 2<br />
sicocxles Cemsa ras ganumzadeb?<br />
ros 3 vhscna me Seni saidumloba,<br />
ros mxvdes am soflad Cemi wiloba?..<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1836 w.<br />
1. ra rols TamaSobs leqsis dasawyisSi dasmuli ori kiTxva?<br />
rogori saerTo JReradoba ganapiroba am kiTxvebma?<br />
2. ra kiTxva Caesmis poets gamudmebiT?<br />
3. ratom iCina Tavi Sinaganma gaorebam?<br />
4. SesaZlebelia Tu ara adamianis mier Tavisi xvedris winaswar gansaz<br />
Rvra?<br />
5. `...me Sinagani xma miwvevs saukeTesos xvedrisken, guli meubneba, rom<br />
Sen ara xar axlandelis mdgomareobisaTvis dabadebulio! nu gZinavso!<br />
me ara mZinavs, magram kaci minda, rom am patara Rrekldes gamiyvanos,<br />
da davdge gaSlils adgils. oh, ra Tavisuflad amovisunTqav maSin, ra<br />
xelmwifurad gadavxedav Cems asparezsa!~ _ swerda poeti grigol orbelians<br />
1843 wels.<br />
exmianeba es werili leqss `xma idumali~?<br />
Tqveni azriT, ra igulisxma poetma `asparezSi~?<br />
ra sxva axali asparezisken ltolva igrZnoba leqsSi?<br />
6. gaixseneT `SemoRameba mTawmindaze~. ris Seucnoblobazea masSi<br />
saubari?<br />
romel Seucnobel samyaros gulisxmobs `xma idumali~?<br />
7. nikoloz baraTaSvilma `xma idumali” 19 wlisam dawera. riT aris mniSvnelovani<br />
es faqti?<br />
1. saqenjnavi _ mosananiebeli. 2. ras momiswaveb? _ ras mpirdebi? 3. ros _ rodis<br />
suli oboli<br />
nu vin ityvis oblobisa vaebas,<br />
nu vin hsCivis Taviss uTvistomobas!<br />
sabraloa mxolod suli oboli,<br />
ZnelRa hpovos, ra dakargos man toli!<br />
megobarTa, naTesavT moklebuli<br />
isev Cqarad hpovebs sanacvlos guli,<br />
magram erTxel daoblebuli suli<br />
marad iTmens unugeSobas kruli!<br />
arRara aqvs mas ndoba ama soflis;<br />
eSinian, ikrZalvis 1 , arRa icis,<br />
vis auwyos dafaruli man grZnoba,<br />
efiqreba xelmeored mas ndoba!<br />
Zneli aris martooba sulisa:<br />
mas eltvian2 siameni soflisa,<br />
marad axsovs mas dakargva sworisa,<br />
oxvra aris Sveba ubedurisa!<br />
1839 w.<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. rogor axasiaTebs poeti suliT obols? visi dakargva yofila aunaz<br />
Raurebeli?<br />
2. ras iwvevs sulieri obloba?<br />
3. rogoria leqsis saerTo ganwyobileba?<br />
4. 1842 wels nikoloz baraTaSvili maiko orbelians swerda: `...warmoidgine<br />
simware im kacis mdgomareobisa, romelsac mamaca hyavs, dedac,<br />
debic, mravalni monaTesaveni, da mainc kidev veravis mihkarebia, mainc<br />
kidev obolia am savse da vrcel sofelSi!... vinc maRali grZnobis<br />
meqoni megona, igi vnaxe ugulo; visic suli ganviTarebuli megona, mas<br />
suli ara hqonia; visic goneba mwamda zegardmo niWad, mas arcTu gansja<br />
hqonia... sad ganisvenos sulma, sad miidrikos Tavi?...~<br />
riT mogagonebT am teqsts `suli oboli~?<br />
es piradi werili srulad xsnis Tu ara leqsis Canafiqrs? (imsjeleT<br />
klasSi).<br />
5. sxva leqsebisgan gansxvavebiT, ratom ar gvxvdeba am leqsSi zmnis I<br />
piris arc erTi forma?<br />
1. ikrZalvis _ erideba. 2. eltvian _ gaurbian.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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66<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
6. rogor gamoxata nikoloz baraTaSvilma Tavisi wrfeli aRsareba _<br />
klasikuri poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebeli metaforebiT, Tu uSualo<br />
darwmunebis formiT?<br />
7. SeniSnulia, rom nikoloz baraTaSvils da mis Tanamedroves, did italiel<br />
romantikos poets, jakomo leopardis, erTnairi grZnobiT,<br />
erTnairi sityvebiT aqvT gadmocemuli sulieri martoobis gancda.<br />
Tqveni azriT, ram ganapiroba aseTi msgavseba?<br />
es sainteresoa!<br />
ra iTqva platonis 1 `nadimSi~<br />
Cvens winaprebs kargad hqondaT Seswavlili brZeni platonis moZRvreba.<br />
gaixseneT, avTandilma rostevan mefes `platonisgan swavlad Tqmuli~<br />
sityva Seaxsena.<br />
cnobili mecnieri da mTargmneli baCana bregvaZe `nadimis~ qarTuli<br />
Targmanis SesavalSi wers: `platonis koncefciiT, siyvaruli samyaros<br />
erTianobis didi principia, universaluri harmoniis, sikeTisa da mSvenierebis<br />
wyaro. samyaros mravalferovnebas, saganTa simravles erTianoba<br />
udevs safuZvlad, xolo simravleSi Tvlems maradiuli tendencia pirveladi<br />
erTianobisken miqcevisa da mibrunebisa. am maradiul ltolvas,<br />
yoveli arsis, yoveli sicocxlis am intimur da naTel kanons siyvaruli<br />
hqvia <strong>saxe</strong>lad~.<br />
nadimze erTmaneTs xvdebian da siyvarulze saubroben aTenis inteleqtualuri<br />
aristokratiis saukeTeso warmomadgenlebi. maT Sorisaa<br />
didi berZeni komediografi aristofane (daaxl. 444380 Zv. w.). ai,<br />
ras ambobs igi:<br />
`...uwin Cven erT mTlian individums warmovadgendiT. axla ki Cveni<br />
codvebisTvis gagvTiSa da gagvyara RmerTma... kacTa modgma bednieri<br />
iqneba mxolod maSin, roca TiToeuli Cvengani Tavis safers ipovis da,<br />
amrigad, Cvens pirvandel bunebas daubrundeba. da Tu amas miviCnevT<br />
umaRles sikeTed, maSin aqedan uciloblad unda davaskvnaT, rom yvelaze<br />
didi bedniereba, rasac amqveynad SeiZleba ewios kaci _ esaa, SeZlebisame<br />
1. platoni (427347 Zv. w.) _ didi berZeni filosofosi. `nadimi” misi erTerTi sauke<br />
Teso qmnilebaa.<br />
br mieaxlo am umaRles sikeTs, e. i. hpovo Seni guliswori, Seni saferi...~<br />
sulo boroto<br />
sulo boroto, vin mogixmo Cemad winamZRvrad,<br />
Cemis gonebis da sicocxlis Sen aRmaSfoTrad?<br />
marqvi 1 , ra uyav, sad warmiRe sulis mSvidoba,<br />
risTvis momikal ymawvilis brma sawmunoeba?<br />
amas uqaddi 2 Cems cxovrebas, ymawvilkacobas?<br />
TiTqos maZlevdi ama soflad Tavisuflebas,<br />
tanjvaTa Soris siameTa damisaxavdi<br />
da TviT jojoxeTs samoTxeda gardamiqcevdi!<br />
marqvi, ra iqmnen sakvirvelni ese aRTqmani?<br />
rad momixible, aRmirie wrfelni zraxvani?<br />
sad xar, aRmSfoTo, mipasuxe, nu imalebi,<br />
ratom gacudda 3 Zali Seni momjadoebi?<br />
wyeulimc iyos dRe igi, ros SenTa aRTqmaTa,<br />
brmad vumsxverplidi 4 , mivandobdi CemT gulisTqmaTa!<br />
mas aqeT aris, davukarge mSvidoba sulsa<br />
da verc Relvani vnebaTani mikvlen wyurvilsa!<br />
ganvedi Cemgan, hoi, macduro, sulo boroto!<br />
ra var aw soflad daSTenili 5 usagnod, marto,<br />
WkuiT urwmuno, guliT undo 6 , suliT maxvrali 7 ?<br />
vai mas, visac mohxvdes 8 xeli Seni msaxvrali 9 !<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1843 w.<br />
1. gaixseneT `xma idumali~. gaavleT paraleli idumal xmasa da borot<br />
suls Soris.<br />
2. ra dapirebebiT ucdunebia borot suls poeti?<br />
3. ras niSnavs `ymawvilis brma sarwmunoeba~?<br />
4. rogor movixsenioT leqsis lirikuli gmiri? _ gamarjvebulad, damarcxebulad,<br />
Tavganwirulad, Tu...<br />
5. gansazRvreT leqsis ZiriTad motivi.<br />
6. daafiqsireT teqstSi calkeuli frazebi, kiTxvebi, Sorisdebulebi,<br />
epiTetebi, Civilisa da muqaris gamomxatveli ritorikuli mimarTvebi,<br />
romlebic sasowarkveTilebis ganwyobilebas ganapirobeben.<br />
7. romeli fraziT gadmoica borot sulTan aqtiuri dapirispireba?<br />
1. marqvi _ miTxari. 2. uqaddi _ hpirdebodi. 3. gacudda _ ganqarda. 4. vumsxverplidi<br />
_ msxverplad vwiravdi. 5. daSTenili _ darCenili. 6. guliT undo _ guliT<br />
miundobeli. 7. maxvrali _ vinc oxravs, mkvnesare. 8. mohxvdes _ Seexos. 9. msaxvrali<br />
_ msaxvreli, grZneuli, jados mqone.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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68<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
8. Suasaukuneebis qristianuli moZRvrebis Tanaxmad, boroteba uarsoa,<br />
e. i. igi RvTisgan ar aris dabadebuli (gaixseneT rusTaveli: `Rmer<br />
Ti kargsa moavlinebs da borotsa ar dahbadebs~). romantikosebi am<br />
sakiTxs sxvagvarad iazreben.<br />
iziarebs Tu ara Suasaukuneebis Tvalsazriss `sulo borotos~ avtori?<br />
misi azriT, boroteba uarsoa Tu arsis mqone (e. i. obieqturi realoba)?<br />
9. romel qarTul operaSia CarTuli `sulo boroto~, rogorc erTer<br />
Ti moqmedi piris ariis teqsti? ramdenad Seefereba es leqsi operis<br />
libretos?<br />
Cemi locva<br />
RmerTo mamao, momixile Ze SecTomili<br />
da ganmasvene vnabaTagan borotRelvili!<br />
nuTu mamasa arRa hqondes gulistkivili,<br />
odes ixilos gansacdelSi Semcode Svili?<br />
hoi, saxiero 1 , rad warvikveT 2 me sasoebas 3 ?<br />
pirvel umankom TviT adammac scoda Sens mcnebas,<br />
umsxverpla 4 wadils samoTxisa mSveniereba,<br />
garna 5 ixila sasufevlis man netareba.<br />
cxovrebis wyarov 6 , masv wmidaTa wyalTagan SenTa,<br />
daminTqe maTSi salmobani 7 gulisa senTa!<br />
ara dahqrolon navsa Cemsa qarTa vnebisa,<br />
aramed moec mas sadguri myudroebisa!<br />
gulTamxilavo 8 , cxad ars Senda gulisa siRrme:<br />
Sen uwinares Cemsa uwyi, rac vizraxo me.<br />
da CemTa bageT raRa dauSTT 9 Senda saTqmelad?<br />
maSa, dumilic miiTvalen 10 Sendami locvad!<br />
1840 w.<br />
1. saxiero _ uflisadmi mimarTvis forma. 2. warvikveT _ movispob, moviSoreb. 3. sasoeba<br />
_ imedi, nugeSi. 4. umsxverpla _ msxverplad Seswira. 5. garna _ magram.<br />
6. cxovrebis wyaro _ macxovari. 7. salmoba _ tkivili. 8. gulTamxilavo _ uflisadmi<br />
mimarTvis forma. 9. raRa dauSTT _ raRa darCaT. 10. miiTvalen _ CamiTvale.<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. waikiTxeT Ze Secdomilis igavi (lukas saxareba, 15, 1132).<br />
rogor aisaxa es igavi baraTaSvilis leqsis I strofSi?<br />
2. ratom axsenebs poeti adamis codvas?<br />
codviT dacemis miuxedavad, ra eboZa adams uflis wyalobiT?<br />
3. ra Seamzada Zveli da axali aRTqmis teqstTan Sexmianebam?<br />
ras SesTxovs poeti ufals?<br />
4. risi imedi enacvleba codviT gamowveul mtanjvel gancdas?<br />
5. ram ganapiroba leqsSi mimarTvebis simravle?<br />
6. locvis msgavs am leqsSi gamoyaviT mimarTva, Txovnavedreba da RvTis<br />
dideba.<br />
vpove taZari<br />
vpove taZari Sesafari, udabnod mdgari;<br />
mun 1 enTo marad uqrobeli wmida lampari.<br />
angelosTagan ikroda mun daviTis qnari<br />
da ganismoda ciurT dasTa 2 galobis zari!<br />
mwiri soflisa, damaSvrali misiTa RelviT,<br />
mun veZiebdi gansvenebas wrfeliTa zraxviT;<br />
gulsa, moklulsa kacT siaviT da bedis brunviT,<br />
lampari wmida ganmitfobda ciuris sxiviT!<br />
mun gundrukis wil Sevswiravdi wmidas siyvaruls,<br />
romlis sakurTxad davsdebdi me Cems gulsa da suls<br />
ama siamiT, netarebiT esreT 3 aRvsebuls<br />
megona, vhxedav sasufevels aq daSenebuls!<br />
magram sawuTro gana vismes didxans axarebs?<br />
ganhqra taZari da udabno Cemda mdumarebs;<br />
mas aqeT Cems guls netareba ar asadarebs 4 ,<br />
mis nacvlad sevda da wyvdiadi daisadgurebs!<br />
moispo mswraflad misi naSTi da misi kvali!<br />
gana Tu droman dahkra Tvisi mas avi Tvali! _<br />
ara, mosZagda mas sofeli cru da muxTali!<br />
damSTa me mxolod mis lamprisgan cecxli damqrali!<br />
verRa aRmigo siyvarulma kvalad taZari!<br />
versad aRvanTe daSTomili misi lampari!<br />
esreT damixSo ukuRmarTma nugeSis kari<br />
da daval oblad isev mwiri miusafari!<br />
1841 w.<br />
1. mun _ iq. 2. ciurni dasni _ angelozTa dasni. 3. esreT _ amgvarad. 4. ar asadarebs<br />
_ ar ekareba.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
69
70<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1. ra sulieri datvirTva SeiZina udabnoSi mdgarma taZarma leqsis dasawyisSi?<br />
2. ras eZiebda poeti taZarSi?<br />
ra msxverpli gaiRo man?<br />
3. rogor aisaxa leqsSi romantizmisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Sinagani pirovnuli<br />
gaoreba?<br />
4. ra erTaderTi ritorikuli kiTxvaa leqsSi dasmuli?<br />
moZebneT igi da SeecadeT gaarkvioT, ra mohyva am kiTxvas?<br />
5. rogor aris naCvenebi Tavdapirveli iluziebis sruli gaqrobis tragizmi?<br />
ra bedi ewia RvTis taZars, ciur galobas, `uqrobel~ wminda lampars?<br />
6. yovelive icvala, ganqarda. ras ar ucvlia <strong>saxe</strong>?<br />
7. nikoloz baraTaSvils romel leqss exmianeba `vpove taZaris~ finali?<br />
8. arsebobs aseTi mosazreba: `vpove taZari~ momentaluri ganwyobilebis<br />
asaxvaa da ara iseTi sulieri mdgomareobis, romelic poetis saer<br />
To Tvalsazriss, mis msoflmxedvelobriv pozicias Seesatyviseba~<br />
(grigol kiknaZe).<br />
ganixileT klasSi es Tvalsazrisi. gaiTvaliswineT baraTaSvilis sxva<br />
leqsebi. gamoxateT Tqveni pozicia.<br />
gavixsenoT ganvlili masala<br />
udabno, taZari<br />
bibliis Tanaxmad, udabno miiCneoda eSmakeul ZalTa samyoflad, RvTis<br />
madls moklebul garemod, qaotur ZalTa samkvidrod. amitom udabno<br />
iyo cdunebis adgilic da, amasTanave _ ganmartoebis, sulieri Wvretis,<br />
TviTCaRrmavebis, borotebis daTrgunvis, RvTaebrivi gamocxadebis adgilic...<br />
udabnoSi dayo 40 dRe TviT qristemac. udabnoSi moRvaweobda<br />
ioane naTlismcemeli. bermanazvnebic udabnoSi ganmartovdebodnen<br />
xolme. `uqmi udabno~ maTi samoRvaweo asparezi iyo. amasTanave, netar<br />
Ta RvawliT unda aRorZinebuliyo unayofo udabno... berebis mier misi<br />
aRorZineba, `qalaqyofa~, samonastro kerebis dafuZneba sulier aRor<br />
Zinebasac moaswavebs. `uqmi udabno~ sulieri samoTxis sapirispiroa. adamianis<br />
amaRlebiT udabnos `qalaqyofac~ xdeba. berwi miwa wminda miwad<br />
iqceva da keTil nayofs gamoiRebs. berebi RvTiuri qalaqis, anu `zeciuri<br />
ierusalimis~, zeciuri sasufevlis wess amkvidrebdnen wuTisofelSi.<br />
`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~, nawyveti komentaridan.<br />
(`qarTuli ena da literatura. Zveli mwerloba~.<br />
X klasis <strong>saxe</strong>lmZRvanelo).<br />
* * *<br />
rad hyvedri 1 kacsa, banovano 2 , pirumtkicobas 3 ?<br />
Tu emduri Sen trfialisa cvalebads grZnobas,<br />
rom ar gemsWvalvis 4 saukuno trfialebiTa?<br />
hgavs 5 , ar pasuxs scem Sen mas suliT mSvenieriTa.<br />
silamazea niWi mxolod xorcielebis<br />
da, viT yvavili, Tavis droze mswraflad daWknebis,<br />
agreTve gulic, mxolod misda SenamsWvalebi,<br />
cvalebadia, warmavali da umtkicebi!<br />
mSveniereba naTelia zeciT mosuli,<br />
romliT naTldeba yovli grZnoba, guli da suli,<br />
da kacsa Soris, viT kerZosa RvTaebobisa 6 ,<br />
rad grwams, ar iyos saukuno madli trfobisa?<br />
TviT ukvdaveba mSveniersa sulSi mdgomarebs 7 ,<br />
mas verc SemTxveva da verc xani ver daaberebs.<br />
mxolod kavSiri esreT sulTa hSobs siyvarulsa,<br />
zegardmo 8 madliT dauxsnelad 9 damtkicebulsa!<br />
mxolod maT Soris aris grZnoba, esT sanukveli 10 ,<br />
rom mis utkbiles arc Tu aris sasufeveli!<br />
mas cisa sxiviT aciskrovnebs mSveniereba<br />
da ukvdavebiT agvirgvinebs WeSmariteba!<br />
davfiqrdeT, gavaanalizoT, SevafasoT<br />
1842 w.<br />
1. ras upirispirebs poeti `trfialisa cvalebads grZnobas~ leqsis dasawyisSi?<br />
2. ras aniWebs upiratesobas poeti _ silamazes Tu mSvenierebas?<br />
(pasuxi daasabuTeT saTanado citatebiT).<br />
3. ra yofila aucilebeli maradiuli siyvarulisTvis?<br />
4. rogor aris dasabuTebuli trfobis saukuno madlis ucilobeli arseboba?<br />
5. raSi poulobs poeti `mSvenieri sulis~ saocnebo ideals?<br />
6. ras emsgavseba `mSvenier sulTa~ siyvaruli?<br />
7. SeecadeT Tqveni sityvebiT gadmosceT leqsis IV taepis Sinaarsi.<br />
8. yoveldRiurobiT ganpirobebuli Tu masze amaRlebuli siyvarulis<br />
mexotbea nikoloz baraTaSvili?<br />
1. hyvedri _ ayvedri, sayvedurob. 2. banovani _ qalbatoni, mandilosani. 3. pirumtkicoba<br />
_ upiroba, meryeoba. 4. gemsWvalvis _ geTviseba, gierTdeba. 5. hgavs _ Cans,<br />
etyoba. 6. kerZosa RvTaebobisa _ RvTis nawili. 7. mdgomarebs _ aris, arsebobs.<br />
8. ze gardmo _ zeciuri, RvTaebrivi. 9. dauxsnelad _ maradiulad. 10. esT sanukveli<br />
_ esoden sanukvari, sasurveli.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
71
72<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili<br />
weriTi samuSao<br />
dawereT ese: nikoloz baraTaSvili, rogorc romantikosi poeti<br />
teqstebis ena<br />
romantikosTa qarTuli<br />
qarTuli romantizmis warmomadgenelTaTvis ara mxolod Sinaarsobrivad<br />
iyo maxlobeli warsuli, aramed isini enobrivadac met siaxloves<br />
amJRavnebdnen Zvel qarTulTan. mxatvruli enis mxriv romantikosebs arqaistebs<br />
uwodeben, radgan isini mizanmimarTulad cdiloben, rom Zveli,<br />
arqauli sityvebi da formebi daamkvidron TavianT SemoqmedebaSi. grigol<br />
orbeliani, magaliTad, mwerlis stilisadmi damokidebulebas amgvarad<br />
gamoxatavda:<br />
`gamoCenilni mweralni gvixatven hazrsa ara Tu mxolod naTlad, aramed<br />
lamazis formiTac. sityuaca maTi momdinarebs, viTarca wyali, xan<br />
mZimed didebulis siamayiTa, xan damSvidebuli, viTarca dawynarebiT<br />
ronineba qalisa, da xan mquxared, viTarca SemaZrwunebeli risxva! maSin,<br />
msmenelica uneblieT mihsdevs sityvisa mis mimdinareobis Zalsa guliT<br />
gaxarebuli, gonebiT miziduli, Ronemitacebuli, damonebuli~.<br />
enis arqaizacia, pirvel yovlisa, cxadia, imas gulisxmobs, rom romantikosi<br />
mwerlebi SeZlebisdagvarad iyeneben maTTvis nacnob gramatikul<br />
formebs Zveli qarTulisas.<br />
grigol orbeliani:<br />
`ciskarman aRmosavleTiT vardisa ferad SehReba~...<br />
`droman Semusra, aRhgava miwiT maTnica saflavni~...<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe:<br />
`namdvil keTil ars gancxroma, igi numc odes gvelevis~...<br />
`anazdad xilvaman me Senman, mzeo, asre mZlia da warmtaca, glax, guli~...<br />
magram `arqaizaciis~ es miswrafeba mxolod amgvari, Zveli qarTulisTvis<br />
bunebrivi formebis gamoyenebiT ar Semoifargleba. romantikosi<br />
mwerlebi leqsis saWiroebisaTvis qmnian araerT xelovnur (Zvels<br />
mimsgavsebul) formas, rac kidev ufro amZimebs da bunebriobas ukargavs<br />
maT stils. magaliTad, arqaizebis surviliT aixsneba piris niSnebis zedmetad,<br />
daniSnulebis gareSe gamoyeneba, sxva xelovnuri formebis Seqmna:<br />
`viTarca cecxli martoda hsCans velsa zeda hSTomili~...<br />
`ganhvle udabno oxeri, _ savsed dabebiT Sehqmeni~...<br />
`taxti mza gaqvs, hgieb saca~...<br />
`ravdenT banovanT Svenebani, axlad mSlilobni~...<br />
`ciurTa mjobi mSveneblobac sxvaTebr mosTvlila~...<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom nikoloz baraTaSvilis poeziis ena, Tumca masac<br />
aRubeWdavs arqaulobis tendencia, mainc gamoirCeva imiT, rom masSi<br />
SedarebiT naklebad gvxvdeba arabunebrivi, xelovnurad arqaizebuli<br />
formebi.<br />
davaleba. scadeT `meranis~ teqstis enobrivi analizi (kerZod, arqauli<br />
da xelovnuri formebis gamovlena masSi).<br />
arqauli sityvebis Taviseburi gaazrebis erTi magaliTi<br />
gaixseneT avTandilisa da TinaTinis urTierTobis yvelaze amaRlebuli<br />
momenti, rodesac mefeqali samwliani yaribobidan gamarjvebiT dabrunebul<br />
mijnurs qebas etyvis megobrisTvis erTgulebis ficis micemis<br />
gamo:<br />
`Sen ar gatexa kargi gWirs zenaarisa, ficisa!~<br />
`zenaari~ sparsuli sityvaa da zustad imaves niSnavs, rasac fici, anu<br />
aq gamoyenebulia sinonimuri gameorebis xerxi.<br />
zenaari romantikosebs gauazrebiaT, rogorc qarTuli sityva, Sedgenili<br />
zena da aris (ars) sityvebisgan, da is azrobrivad daukavSirebiaT<br />
RmerTTan, gangebasTan. amitomac is mogvianebiT `gasworebuli~ formi<br />
Tac mogvevlina: zenaarsi. daviT CubinaSvili Tavis leqsikonSi migvaniSnebs<br />
am cvlilebas: `zenaari _ zecaTa Sina arsi. meleqseT uxmariaT nacvlad<br />
RvTisa~...<br />
ase damkvidrda da gavrcelda arasworad gagebuli sityva XIX saukunis<br />
Semdgom:<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZe:<br />
`(vaJis mama) aZlevs madlsa zenaarsa, mzev, Sin Semodio~.<br />
`zenaarisa maRlis gangebulebiT qveyana ese xrwnilebas qveSevrdomobs!~<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvili:<br />
`gulisTqma Cemi Sens iqiTa... eZiebs sadgurs,<br />
zenaarT samyofs, rom daSTos aq amaoeba~...<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
73
74<br />
mixeil javaxiSvili<br />
damatebiTi sakiTxavi<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis saloni<br />
(nawyveti romanidan `arsena marabdeli~)<br />
aleqsandre WavWavaZis saxli gareubanSi marmarilos wyaros pirdapir<br />
sakomendanto quCis kuTxeSi idga. orsarTuliani Senoba kramitiT iyo<br />
daxuruli. mas TaRiani fanjrebi hqonda da irgvliv TeTrad da cisfrad<br />
SeRebili ganieri aivani ertya, romelsac zemoT qarTuli xaratis arSia<br />
hqonda movlebuli. saxli ori mxriv baRSi idga. mze gadawuruli iyo da<br />
aivnis erT mxares ukve Crdili daswoloda.<br />
WavWavaZes stumrebi hyavs. yvelani cxenebiT da faitonebiT mosulan.<br />
etlebic da cxenebic marmarilos wyarosTan SeugrovebiaT da abanaveben,<br />
wyals asmeven, recxaven. mxlebelni da meetleni rigis gamo meTuluxCeebs<br />
1 da patara biWebs edavebian. aivani stumrebiT aris Sekunwluli. xaliCebiT<br />
da farCaxaverdis baliSmuTaqebiT dafenil taxtebze xnieri da<br />
axalgazrda kneinebi sxedan, xolo maT winaSe da moSorebiTac axalgazrda<br />
vaJebi da ramdenime xnieri Tavadi zis, sdgas, seirnobs.<br />
or mrgval magidaze, TovliviT TeTr sufraze faifuris WurWeli krialebs.<br />
imgvarsave mozrdil larnakebSi maspinZlis baRebidan motanili<br />
xili qaTqaTebs. jer mariamoba ar yofila da xili nakurTxi ar aris, magram<br />
ra bedenaa: WavWavaZis ojaxi rusulevropul wess misdevs da aqauri<br />
adaTisgan mcire rameRa SerCenia. zogi stumari Cais ara svams. mas civi<br />
TeTri winandali urCevnian. qalebma ki tkbili Mmalaga da portveini dai<br />
Cemes, romelsac maspinZlis frangi meRvine amzadebs winandalSi. kneinebi<br />
am Rvinos brolis WiqebiT srutaven da dabali xmiT saubroben.<br />
samxedro formiT gamowyobili maspinZeli ekaterinedidis naTlulia,<br />
napaJevi, odesRac volterianeli da ajanyebuli, merme yvelaze aristokratul<br />
niJegorodis polkis brwyinvale polkovniki da axla ki qarTvel<br />
moxalise razmis meTauri, poeti, didi memamule, Svili 1783 wlis<br />
ukve dafxrewil traqtatis avtorisa da erekle <strong>mefis</strong> elCis garsevanisa.<br />
is Sua taxtze Camomjdara, civ winandalsa svams, stumrebsac asmevs, Savsa<br />
da Txel ulvaSebs igrexavs da xnier orbelianebsa da Tavis momaval siZes<br />
griboedovs dinj kiloze esaubreba.<br />
wverulvaSgaparsul griboedovs lurji fraki acvia, mkerdze erTi<br />
ordeni hkidia, kiseri maRal sayeloSi aqvs CamZvrali da mosaubres didroni<br />
saTvaleebiT ugdebs yurs. xolo civi Tvalebi oTxi qalisken miurbis<br />
da veRar gadauWria oTxSi vin ufro lamazia: mariam orbeliani, manana<br />
orbeliani, maspinZeli salome orbeliani Tu misi ufrosi qaliSvili<br />
cameti wlis nino, romelsac griboedovma murilios 2 madona Searqva da<br />
Tvalic daadga.<br />
qalebs qarTulad da evropulad acviaT. aivani orbelianTa gvareulobiTY<br />
aris savse da diasaxlisi kneina salomec didi sardlis daviT orbelianis<br />
Camomavalia. aq arian grigoli da misi Zma zaqaria, aleqsandre,<br />
1. meTuluxCe _ TuluxiT wylis mzidavi. 2. murilio _ XVII saukunis cnobili<br />
espa neli mxatvari<br />
vaxtangi, dimitri, yaflani, luarsabic da Teimurazic da melitonis<br />
efemiac. uklebliv yvela axalgazrdas samxedro mundiri an Coxa acvia.<br />
xnierebs ki yurTmajiani kaba da lamazi qulaja SeunarCunebiaT.<br />
vaJebis erTi jgufi da sami lamazi qali grigol orbelians dautyvevebia,<br />
TviTonac SuaSi Camdgara da omis ambebs uambobs. Tanac yvelas<br />
da yvelafers odnav amasxaravebs. grigoli omSi qeifs iyo mowyurebuli<br />
da danaklisi erTbaSad ainazRaura: erTi dRedaRame lopianas baRSi gaatara<br />
da ormoci megobari daaTro. aleqsandre WavWavaZemac ikadra da<br />
ewvia. aleqsandre adre gamoipara, sxvebma ki jer saari moismines da merme<br />
dilis mwvadi grigolis sakuTar baRSi gawiwknes. axla ki TiTqmis yvelani<br />
nabaxusevi arian da aqedan yaflan orbelians gahyvebian, romelic grigols<br />
marmarilos duqanSi gadauxdis samagieros.<br />
WavWavaZe kaxelia da stumarTa Soris iqauri Tavadebic mravlad mosCanan.<br />
ColoyaSvilebi, qvabulaSvilebi, vaCnaZeebi, mayaSvilebi da jorjaZeebi<br />
orbelianebs ejibrebian, da Tu maspinZlis asuls ninos sxva vinme<br />
mostacebs, isini xels xmalze gaikraven da aras gziT ar daanebeben.<br />
meliton baraTaSvilis vaJi, patara tate, Tavis tolamxanagebTan,<br />
daviT WavWavaZesTan, ilia da vaxtang orbelianebTan, levan meliqiSvil<br />
Tan, dimitri yifianTan qvemoT, baRSi erToboda. axla ezodan amotyorcnili<br />
burTisTvis amosuliyo. kneina salomem TiTis qneviT moixmo igi da<br />
xmamaRla mimarTa stumrebs:<br />
_ batonebo, gTxovT mSvenieri<br />
leqsi moisminoT. friad ni<br />
Wieri momavali mgosani Tavi <br />
si biZis grigolis `sadRegrZelos~<br />
waikiTxavs.<br />
tate gaiwia, magram ar gauSves.<br />
yvelani smenad ga daiqcnen.<br />
diasaxlisma gri goli,<br />
melitoni da efemia moiSvela,<br />
awiTlebul tates yurSi raRac<br />
dapireba CasCurCula da daiTanxma.<br />
balRma yoymaniT ah xeda<br />
Tavis biZas grigols, romelic<br />
am qveyniur RmerTad miaCnda,<br />
da ro ca mis <strong>saxe</strong> ze sadasturo<br />
Rimili dainaxa, odnav<br />
gafiTrda, didroni almodebuli<br />
Tvalebi Werkedels<br />
moavlo da SemkrTali xmiT daiwyo.<br />
avtoris diswuls es poema<br />
Ta viseburad hqonda Semoklebuli.<br />
mas rCeuli nawyvetebi<br />
amoerCia, ostaturad gadaeba<br />
da didroni po emidan xuTiode<br />
wuTis sakiTxavi leqsi gamoeWra:<br />
nino WavWavaZe, mxatvari _ m. vadbolski<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
75
76<br />
damatebiTi sakiTxavi<br />
gundni da gundni vaJkacTa sCanan mamulis mfarvelni!<br />
zogni azatis dammxobni, zogni Temuris mebrZolni!<br />
mkiTxvels xma gaumagrda, gaukaJda, aRfrTovanda da <strong>saxe</strong>c Seecvala:<br />
gafiTrda, aTrTolda da gulwasuls daemgvana. mxolod Tvalebma moumates<br />
krials da xelebmac mouxSires kankals. Semdeg erevnis dila CaikiTxa<br />
da STagonebiT daasrula:<br />
Cvenc aRvdgeT, Zmano, da erTic gamarjvebisa davlioT!<br />
da dRes vinc veRar dabrundes, is cremliT movixsenioT!<br />
dasrulda, gahqra sizmarebr ese lxinica Ramisa...<br />
warvideT, sadac migviwods xma saidumlo mxvedrisa!<br />
daasrula, mosxlta da gaiqca, Tanac taSi da `vaSa~ gaiyola. stumrebis<br />
taSi da aRfrTovanebuli Tvalebi axla am leqsis avtors miubrunda.<br />
grigoli TviTonac odnav ferwasuli iyo da yvelas TavdaWeril salams<br />
aZlevda, TvalebiT ki ukve Semwifebul ninos elamuneboda, romelic<br />
TiTqo sxvebze metad iyo moxibluli da mis Tvalebsa da RimilSi madloba<br />
da aRtaceba TrToda. erTY leqss meore da mexuTe mohyva. generlis axverdovis<br />
qvrivma Tavis mowafes ninos griboedovze uyo Tvali da saTqmels<br />
miaxvedra. amas winaT rusma poetma mas Tavis komediis ramdenime monologi<br />
gadauwera da aCuqa.<br />
nino odnav gawiTlda. magram Tavi ver daaRwia. yvelani mas miaCerdnen<br />
da siCume Camoagdes. man Tavi CaRuna da TiTqo Cafiqrda, Semdeg isev aswia,<br />
xeli xSir dalalebze gadaisva, muqad alanZuli <strong>saxe</strong> kedels miapyro<br />
da morcxvi xmiT Cackis 1 ukanaskneli monologi waikiTxa.<br />
axalgazrda qali swrafad gavarda aivnidan. avtors mquxare taSi da<br />
milocva miayares. griboedovi morcxvad iRimeboda da did saTvaleebs<br />
TalaTinis naWriT isufTavebda.<br />
_ am leqss puSkinic ar daiwunebda, _ xmamaRla sTqva aleqsandre<br />
WavWavaZem.<br />
_ xolo baratinski 2 orive xels moawerda, _ daumata grigolma.<br />
avtoric mxolod maTs azrs elodeboda. mis loyebze siamis siwiTlem<br />
imata. madlobis niSnad orTav poets odnav daukra Tavi da gaaxsenda,<br />
rom amas winaT kiuxelbekermac 3 igive azri gamosTqva.<br />
axla mesame poetis jeri iyo. kneina efemiam Tavis Zmas grigols ahxeda<br />
da aleqsandre WavWavaZeze aniSna. grigolma aRar daayovna da maspinZlis<br />
muxambazi waikiTxa, romelic yvelam zepirad icoda.<br />
loTebo, netavi Cvena, harialali,<br />
dRes mogveca Svebalxena, Tarialali.<br />
poeti poetis leqss xelgaSliT da kintouri ieriT kiTxulobda da<br />
weRandelis leqsebis maRal kilos dagorebul lodsaviT aqveiTebda.<br />
davexsnaT codnis Zebnasa, Rvino sjobs yovel cnebasa,<br />
brZeni sikvdilsa hfiqrobs da loTi gamarjvebasa.<br />
isev taSi avarda, magram yvelam kilos damdableba igrZno da es grZnoba<br />
taSsa da RimilSic gamoCnda. moRimare avtori Txel ulvaSebs igrexavda<br />
1. Cacki _ aleqsandre griboedovis komediis (`vai Wkuisagan~) personaJi. 2. baratinski<br />
e.a. (1800-1844) _ rusi poeti. 3. kiuxelbekeri v. (1797-1846) _ rusi poeti da<br />
sazogado moRvawe.<br />
da am leqsis arCevisaTvis gulSi emduroda grigols. Semdeg naxevar poets<br />
aleqsandre orbelians miubrunda da Cumi xmiT uTxra:<br />
_ sjobda Cemi `gogCis tba~ waekiTxa.<br />
_ imitom ar waikiTxa, rom im tbidan TviTon magasac blomad aqvs daleuli,<br />
_ anugeSa aleqsandrem.<br />
WavWavaZem RimiliT hkiTxa:<br />
_ an magis `sadRegrZelo~ gana Cemi `muxambazis~ gverdiT ar wolila?<br />
_ wolila, ueWvelad wolila,_ xmamaRla gaicina aleqsandrem.<br />
_ magis `sadRegrZelo~ namdvilad Seni `muxambazis~ Seqmnilia, namd vilad!<br />
Semdeg erTma guvernantma qalma TerTmeti wlis kato gamoiyvana da inglisur<br />
enaze baironis leqsi waakiTxa, xolo meore guvernantma patara<br />
salomes andre Senies 1 `neera~ waakiTxa frangulad.<br />
sanam WavWavaZis qaliSvilebi ucxo leqsebs titinebdnen, griboedovma<br />
poezias Tavi mianeba da weRan Sewyvetili saqmiani saubari aRadgina.<br />
is diplomatobas da poetobas aRar sjerdeboda. sazogado moRvawedac<br />
iTvleboda da axla ekonomistobac daiwyo. griboedovi `ruseTamierkavkasiis<br />
kompanias~ aarsebda, romelsac aqauri saxazino miwebiT da baRebiT<br />
unda esargebla (gandgomil da orgul batoniSvilebs da Tavadaznaurebs<br />
rom CamoarTves) da amgvarad adgilobrivi vaWroba da mrewveloba<br />
gaecxovelebina. amave amxanagobas unda ekisra rusebis gadmosaxleba,<br />
mtkvarze menaveobis aRdgena, baTomSi navTsadguris mowyoba da, saer<br />
Tod, qveynis ayvaveba da gabedniereba.<br />
_ fuli?_ hkiTxa WavWavaZem._ ramdenime milioni dagWirdebaT.<br />
_ ramdenime aseuli aTasic gveyofa, _ upasuxa griboedovma, _ zogs<br />
somxebi Semoitanen da zogsac xazinidan gamovitanT. umTavresi ki sxva<br />
ram aris.<br />
_ ar mogvcemen,_ mtkiced mouWra WavWavaZem, _ mainc cda bedis monaxevrea<br />
da ukan nu daixevT, mec mogeSvelebiT.<br />
griboedovsac jerjerobiT mxolod es undoda.<br />
* * *<br />
...zamTarma da zafxulma Tormetjer Seinacvles alagi. gadasaxlebuli<br />
SeTqmulni TandaTan brundebodnen CrdiloeTidan, Tan Cinordene bi<br />
mohqondaT, aqac swrafad miiwevdnen win, RimiliT igonebdnen yazarmobas<br />
da omSi da leqsebSi axSobdnen boRmis naleqs.<br />
yvelaze adre aleqsandre WavWavaZeE Camosuliyo. misi mudam gaSlili<br />
sufra da Ria guli mraval zemours dahxsomeboda. gaixsenes imis xeliT<br />
dapyrobili baiazeTi, misi naTlia ekaterine dedofali, misi saqmeni samadlieroni,<br />
gaixsenes da male mieSvelnen, Camoiyvanes, miawvnen da sxvebsac<br />
gza gauxsnes.<br />
isev gaiRo didi xniT miketili kari sakomendato quCaze, isev xSirxSirad<br />
iSleboda sufra winandalSi, kvlav ixoceboda nadiri, exdebodaT<br />
sarqveli qvevrebs da uxvad ixarjeboda fuli, ofli, simRera da laRi<br />
cxovreba `wyeuli~.<br />
jgufjgufad da calcalke Semodiodnen da or oTaxSi lagdebodnen<br />
1. andre Senie (1762-1794) _ frangi poeti.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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78<br />
damatebiTi sakiTxavi<br />
_ did sastumro oTaxSi axalgazrdebi da<br />
qalebi grovdebodnen, maspinZlis kabinetSi<br />
ki _ xnieri mamakacebi.<br />
bina mdidrulad da Sereulad iyo mowyobili:<br />
farCis Spaleri, sparsuli xali<br />
Cebi, franguli rbili aveji, qarTuli<br />
baliSmuTaqa, Weramde aziduli sarkeebi,<br />
feradi suraTebi, brolis WaRebi,<br />
brinjao, xaverdi da abreSumi _ yvelaferi<br />
adasturebda, rom is bina dedoflis<br />
naT luls, samefo gene rals da winandlis<br />
patrons ekuTvnoda.<br />
ianvris ToTxmets ninos dReoba iyo.<br />
griboedovis qvrivs sulac aRar hsurda<br />
Tavis Tavi gaexsenebina am soflisTvis,<br />
magram mamam misi dReoba gaaxsena da<br />
gan degil Svils didi nadimi gaumarTa.<br />
Savi xaverdis kabiT gamowyobili qvrivi<br />
aprialebul buxarTan ijda da morcxvad<br />
aZlevda salams yvela axalmosuls,<br />
romelnic mas dReobas ulocavdnen da<br />
aTasnair sikeTes sTavazobdnen. Semdeg<br />
ekaterine WavWavaZe,<br />
Sordebodnen da qalvaJTa ufro did<br />
mxatvari _ f. q. vinTerhalTeri jgufs uerTdebodnen.<br />
am jgufSi medidurad brwyinavda ninos<br />
momdevno dai ekaterine, romelic am<br />
dRis Tvis da Tavisi samTavros saqmeebis gamo Camosuliyo qalaqSi. mas<br />
iseTive kabasamkauli aesxa srul tanze da igive mouridebeli silama <br />
ze gamoefina, romelTac yovlis mnaxveli peterburgic ki mohxibles.<br />
mas, samegrelos mTavris daviT dadianis meuRles, didi saqmeebi hqonda<br />
varancovTan da axlac mas elodeboda. man icoda, rom vaxSamze mis gverdiT<br />
unda mjdariyo, raTa ukeT moegvarebina Tavisi sakuTari da samTavros<br />
saqmeni, romelsac verc TviTon da verc sxva vinme arCevda erTmaneTSi.<br />
ekaterines am jgufSi Suaguli daepyro da yvela axalgazrda miezida:<br />
levan meliqiSvili, niko WavWavaZe, dimitri yifiani, giorgi erisTavi<br />
`gluxariCi~, mixeil WilaSvili, isaka TumaniSvili, ivane andronikaSvili,<br />
grigol da vaxtang orbelianebi, saginaSvili, Tavis Zma daviTic da<br />
kidev sxva erisTavebi, amilaxorebi, orbelianebi, Coloyaani, ordenmundirianebi<br />
da umundironic.<br />
Samili did ZalaSi Sesuliyo da sanadiro mxecad gadaqceuliyo. misi<br />
daWera iseTive gmirobad iyo miCneuli, rogorc erT dros napoleonis<br />
gandevna iyo moskovidan, amitom yvela mas dasdevda, gazafxulze daRistanSi<br />
garboda, zamTris piras xelcarieli morboda. warCineba da fuli<br />
mainc mohqondaT da gauTavebliv moelodnen axal gazafxuls, raTa xelaxla<br />
enadiraT, axalaxali soflebi daewvaT, isev uamravi sisxli daen<br />
TxiaT, qvrivoboli moemravlebinaT, cremlis gubeebi daeyenebinaT da<br />
Tan isev wyevlakrulva, isev ordenebi da isev fuli wamoeRoT.<br />
am Tavmoyrili Tavadebis umetesobac nadirobidan iyo dabrunebuli. zamTar<br />
Si isvenebdnen, suqdebodnen, axali laSqrobisTvis emzadebodnen da axla ekaterine<br />
dadianze ufro mwvave mouTmenlobiT elodebodnen varancovis mosvlas,<br />
Tvalis mokvras, mis Rimilsa da oriode sityvas, jerjerobiT ki xalvaTad oxunjobdnen<br />
da maRali siciliT ayruebdnen buxris win Tavmoyril meore jgufs, sadac<br />
ninos irgvliv misi umcrosi dai salome baron nikolaisa, misi deda salome,<br />
manana da mariam orbelianebi da kidev ramdenime xanSi Sesuli da moxucebuli<br />
kneina Tbeboda.<br />
meore oTaxSi ufro xnierebi da moxucebulni Sekrebiliyvnen da dabali<br />
xmiT saubrobdnen. aq iyvnen TviTon maspinZeli, zaali da Salva baraTaSvilebi,<br />
aleqsandre, luarsab, yaflani da kidev ramdenime orbeliani, sardali mose ar<br />
RuTaSvili, garegnobiT maxinji filosofosi platon ioseliani, maspinZlis siZe<br />
baron nikolai, sardali vasil bebuTovi, maspinZlis meore siZe samegrelos mTavari<br />
daviT dadiani, kidev aTiode didgvarovani da axlad dabrunebuli elizbar<br />
erisTavi, romelic maT fineTis ambebs uambobda, sadac man, rogorc gadasaxlebulma,<br />
Tormeti weliwadi gaatara.<br />
mcire xnis Semdeg amave oTaxSi grigol da vaxtang orbelianebi, levan meliqiSvili,<br />
niko WavWavaZe, dimitri yifiani, giorgi erisTavi, ivane andronikaSvili,<br />
kidev ramdenime erisTavi da orbeliani Semovidnen. uwindel sazogadoebas<br />
bevri vinme aklda. aklda meliton baraTaSvilic, romelmac sami Tvis winaT<br />
Tavisi erTaderTi vaJi niko damarxa ganjaSi da mas aqeT dardisgan dneboda Sin.<br />
mravali nawevrali aklda am krebuls da yvelas Tavdapirvelad sami meTaur<br />
Tagani gaaxsenda: iese falavandiSvili arxangelskSi momkvdariyo (aravis daenana).<br />
solomon dodaSvili Wleqisgan damdnariyo viatkaSi da rva wlis winaT<br />
gardacvliliyo (yvelas Sercxva, radgan qiziyeli ritori brwyinvale wodebas<br />
ar ekuTvnoda da amitom arc aravin gamoesarCla), xolo solomon razmaZe sadRac<br />
yinuleTSi iyineboda da verc imisTvis eSvelnaT.<br />
stumrebs bevri ram hqondaT mosagonari. CvenSi damkvidrebulma ucxo adaTma<br />
da kanonebma cxare kamaTi gamoiwvia. aleqsandre orbeliani marto igeriebda Semotevebs.<br />
bolos maspinZelma hkiTxa:<br />
_ kniazo aleqsandre, Tavi mouyareT sabolood Cvens naubars, avic da kargic<br />
saTvalavSi CaagdeT da gvibrZaneT, rusis mosvlam gvargo Tu gvavno?<br />
orbeliani daibna da Wiris ofli moixoca. CixSi Segdebuli batoni maspinZlis<br />
Sinaymam ixsna, romelmac windawinve dazepirebuli saTqmeli daiZaxa:<br />
_ maTi brwyinvaleba <strong>mefis</strong>nacvali Tavadi varancovi mobrZanda!<br />
yvelani wamoiSalnen, wamocvivdnen da ufrosumcrosobis mixedviT dalagdnen.<br />
xolo maspinZeli da diasaxlisi kibisken gaeSurnen, sadac brwyinvale Ceqmebis<br />
bakuni moismoda.<br />
Semajamebeli davaleba<br />
literaturuli saloni<br />
waikiTxeT damatebiTi masala aleqsandre WavWavaZis, grigol orbelianis,<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvilis cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze da moamzadeT saaTanaxevriani<br />
scenari literaturuli saRamosTvis: `qarTveli romantikosebi~.<br />
ar dagaviwydeT saintereso stumrebis mipatiJeba Tqvens literaturul sa<br />
Ramoze.<br />
Tavi I. romantizmi - saukunis savizito baraTi<br />
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