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Tempo e predicazione nella sintassi delle frasi copulari (tesi di laurea)

Tempo e predicazione nella sintassi delle frasi copulari (tesi di laurea)

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elation to the maximal projection of the V (i.e.<br />

VP) .•. " ( i bi d em) •<br />

La nozione sintattica <strong>di</strong> soggetto, invece, parte<br />

almeno (57) dalla constatazione che "some verbs do not<br />

have external arguments. These are the subjectless<br />

raising verbs Cper il concetto <strong>di</strong> "raising verb" si veda<br />

infra 2.2.1.7] as well as some others••• C.•• ] the VPs<br />

that are headed by such verbs can nevertheless be<br />

pre<strong>di</strong>cates, if raising has applied:<br />

7) John( Cseems C t( to be here] ]<br />

VI' '>C<br />

There the VP is pre<strong>di</strong>cate by virtue of the NP-trace that<br />

it contains. This shows that the notion "subjectpre<strong>di</strong>cate<br />

relation" is independent of the notion<br />

"external argument", since 7) contains the former, but<br />

not instances of the latter" (ibidem). (58) (59)<br />

NP REFERENZIALI E PREDICATIVI:<br />

La definizione <strong>di</strong> uso referenziale e pre<strong>di</strong>cativo è<br />

quella <strong>di</strong> Buridano, ripresa dai testi me<strong>di</strong>evali da 6each<br />

e <strong>di</strong>ffusa <strong>nella</strong> letteratura specificatamente linguistica<br />

da Higgins (1973). Williams aggiunge che "accor<strong>di</strong>ng to<br />

this view, certain positions in a sentence are positions<br />

in which they are used' referentially" (Williams (1983),<br />

p.424)<br />

A sostegno <strong>di</strong> questa osservazione porta alcune<br />

prove come il fatto che "a pre<strong>di</strong>cative phrase must have<br />

subject ..• C••• ) Referential NPs, of course, do not have<br />

subjects, as they are not pre<strong>di</strong>cates" (Williams (1983),<br />

p. 425) • (60)<br />

Il terzo motivo per <strong>di</strong>stinguere NP referenziali da<br />

quelli pre<strong>di</strong>cativi riguarda le <strong>frasi</strong> <strong>copulari</strong> pseudo<br />

scisse e lo illustrerÒ più avanti.<br />

Inoltre, secondo Williams, questi due tipi <strong>di</strong> NP<br />

"have the same internaI structure and, surprisingly, the<br />

same external <strong>di</strong>stribution" (Williams (1983), p.432>'<br />

Questa osservazione ra<strong>di</strong>cale mi pare però che sia<br />

ri<strong>di</strong>mansionata in molti altri punti, ad es. quando si<br />

assume che: "there are certainly some NPs which can have<br />

only one use or the other ..• C... ] We would maintain that<br />

92

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