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The only truly alien planet is Earth. - UniCA Eprints - Università degli ...

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tematiche post-coloniali è innegabile 238 . Ma soprattutto la studiosa inglese sottolinea la continuità<br />

dell’opera ballardiana, e in questo caso in particolare, con la posizione del surreal<strong>is</strong>mo storico, che<br />

si espresse con forza contro il colonial<strong>is</strong>mo. Nonostante Ballard abbia talvolta manifestato prese di<br />

posizione difficilmente condiv<strong>is</strong>ibili, come i sorprendenti elogi a Margaret Thatcher, non è affatto<br />

un sostenitore di posizioni politicamente e socialmente reazionarie, come pure studiosi del valore di<br />

un Bruce Franklin hanno creduto, a dir poco un po’ frettolosamente 239 . Ballard è sempre stato un<br />

libero pensatore, che non si è mai curato dell’ortodossia o della popolarità delle sue opinioni, e<br />

questo non sempre può piacere a tutti ma è certamente un merito dell’uomo.<br />

Le coppie oppositive luce/buio 240 e bianco/nero caratterizzano il paesaggio e gli esseri<br />

umani, come in <strong>The</strong> Drowned World e in <strong>The</strong> Crystal World, in cui i personaggi di Strangman e<br />

Ventress, r<strong>is</strong>pettivamente, rappresentano il lato oscuro, la morte, evocata nella bianchezza del loro<br />

abbigliamento non meno che nel pallore cadaverico del primo e nel v<strong>is</strong>o ossuto, con il teschio in<br />

evidenza, del secondo 241 . Ma la luce e l’oscurità, il bianco e il nero possono rappresentare di volta<br />

in volta, a seconda dei casi, anche la civiltà e il suo opposto, conradianamente, così come la sanità<br />

e la malattia, il conscio e l’inconscio, e così via 242 . Si pensi per esempio alla valenza simbolica della<br />

balena bianca in Moby Dick di Herman Melville.<br />

La figura di Strangman r<strong>is</strong>pecchia, nel romanzo, quella stessa premonizione di regressione,<br />

desolazione e morte rappresentate nel paesaggio e nei personaggi in alcuni dei dipinti di Ernst e<br />

238 «[…] <strong>The</strong> Crystal World engages h<strong>is</strong>torically and imaginatively with the d<strong>is</strong>solution of European Imperial<strong>is</strong>m in<br />

Africa following World War II. <strong>The</strong> rapid national<strong>is</strong>t upsurge in the post-war period in Africa saw the liberation of<br />

Cameroon from France in 1960, and between 1960 and 1966 twelve former Brit<strong>is</strong>h colonies had become independent<br />

African nations. […] A plethora of anti-colonial literature emerged in the post-war period, including Aimé Césaire’s<br />

D<strong>is</strong>course on Colonial<strong>is</strong>m (1950), Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks (1952) and <strong>The</strong> Wretched of the <strong>Earth</strong><br />

(1961) and Kwame Nkrumah’s NeoColonial<strong>is</strong>m: <strong>The</strong> Last Stage of Imperial<strong>is</strong>m (1965), which challenged the<br />

transparency of decolon<strong>is</strong>ation by drawing attention to certain <strong>is</strong>sues: the continuing influence of Eurocentric economic<br />

and cultural models within the postcolonial landscape, the impover<strong>is</strong>hment of art<strong>is</strong>tic heterogeneity in the face of an<br />

increasingly homogeneous global culture, and the repression of indigenous h<strong>is</strong>tories by imperial powers of authorship.»<br />

Jeannette Baxter, J. G. Ballard’s Surreal<strong>is</strong>t Imagination, op. cit., pp. 38-39.<br />

239 «<strong>The</strong> few critics who have engaged with the Imperial textures of <strong>The</strong> Crystal World have, interestingly, been either<br />

d<strong>is</strong>m<strong>is</strong>sive of, or hostile to, Ballard’s narrative. […] Luckhurst entertains the idea of an Imperial sub-text in <strong>The</strong> Crystal<br />

World <strong>only</strong> to reject such a reading as biographically inappropriate. […] A radically contrasting yet equally restrictive<br />

textual analys<strong>is</strong> <strong>is</strong> also offered by Bruce Franklin who attacks Ballard’s novel as a ‘d<strong>is</strong>gustingly rac<strong>is</strong>t’ attempt by an<br />

Imperial intellectual ‘to preserve archaic privilege and order’ [B. Franklin, “What are we to make of J. G. Ballard’s<br />

Apocalypse?”, p. 98]. [Secondo la Baxter il romanzo è invece] […] a post-war contribution to the Surreal<strong>is</strong>t legacy of<br />

anti-colonial poetics.» Ivi, p. 39.<br />

240 «[In <strong>The</strong> Crystal World] the catastrophe […] <strong>is</strong> entered at its beginning, marking in landscape the psychological<br />

entry to the process of individuation. Hence the choice of crystal, a key Jungian symbol of the completed Self,<br />

holding as much importance in Jung’s iconography as the mandala; hence the ruling opposition of dark/light.» R.<br />

Luckhurst, op. cit., p. 355.<br />

241 «Strangman’s resemblance to one of Delvaux’s tuxedoed skeletons instills immediately feelings of fear and intense<br />

d<strong>is</strong>taste into the other characters. Kerans’s d<strong>is</strong>tinct hostility towards th<strong>is</strong> uncannily white figure ar<strong>is</strong>es in part out of the<br />

associations of death which Strangman’s presence triggers – “dunes of hot white ash”, “bones” and the return of “one<br />

of the buried phantoms who threaten to master the living as they reappear ([<strong>The</strong> Drowned World, pp.] 92-94).»<br />

Jeannette Baxter, J. G. Ballard’s Surreal<strong>is</strong>t Imagination, op. cit., p. 30.<br />

242 « […] Ballard uses in h<strong>is</strong> text a parallel symbol<strong>is</strong>m of darkness, light, blackness and whiteness and the Conradian<br />

moral ambivalence of civilization juxtaposed with its dark counterpart of the primordial forest – the poetic model of the<br />

human unconscious.» D. Oramus, op. cit., p. 217.<br />

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