Global Jihad: temi, piste di diffusione e il fenomeno del reducismo ...

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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the uncertain status of nuclear weapons, fissile materials and nuclear scientists in Russia and other former Soviet republics are widely regarded as posing perhaps the most immediate threat of nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. Despite significant assistance from the United States over the last ten years, many of Russia’s nuclear facilities seem poorly secured, and there is still no comprehensive, verifiable system of nuclear materials accountancy. Connected to the risk from inadequately secured nuclear and fissile materials and weaponry is the sheer number of such stocks worldwide. It is a long and arduous task to install adequate protection and security levels at all the sites and in the meantime, according to one report, civil stocks alone of plutonium and highly enriched uranium (HEU) total 1850 tonnes as of the end of 2003. Military stocks total a further 1880 tonnes, meaning that 3730 tonnes of these materials are theoretically ulnerable to theft and sabotage. 144 v 1.2.2 Attacks against and sabotage of nuclear power plants Nuclear power plants (NPP) are disseminated all over the world. Unlike with the commercial and orphaned sources discussed later, the threats posed to NPPs are those of sabotage or a conventional attack to release their high-activity radioactive sources. Furthermore, sabotaging or attacking an NPP could cause economic and socio-political damage, or provide access to radioactive or fissile materials to be used in the construction of an RDD. A report made by the UK Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) - now the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 144 see Table 1 Global Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU), Assigned to Civil or Military Stocks, end 2003, in tonnes; in Global Stocks of Nuclear Explosive Materials: Summary Tables and Charts, July 12, 2005 (http://www.isis-online.org/global-stocks/end2003/tableofcontents.html) [last accessed 01.11.06] 224
(DEFRA) - was undertaken “to assist in the definition of potential threats from overseas nuclear reactor accidents”. 145 The study examined a large number of reactors and data for NPPs in Western Europe, Russia, the seven Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) seeking membership of the European Union, and the Newly Independent States (NIS) with operable NPPs. 146 It demonstrates that incidents in one country can affect its neighbours and, indeed, perhaps a whole region, depending upon environmental conditions. In addition to nuclear power plants of the type discussed above, a further two related plant types warrant mention: commercial research reactors and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants (which produces and stores nuclear spent fuel), in addition to the threat of attacks on radioactive waste products. Research reactors The IAEA maintains a list of past, present and future research reactors, which it makes available on its website. 147 When queried as to those facilities in or around the European Union, the IAEA database identified 183 operational research reactors, 189 shut down reactors, 154 decommissioned reactors, as well as two additional facilities under construction with an additional two planned. Commercial research reactors are neither as well guarded and secured, nor as structurally able to withstand a powerful attack. With the large number of targets available worldwide, this is a significant cause for concern. 145 Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, ‘Estimates of Probability of Severe Accidents at European Reactors Potentially Leading to Fallout in the UK’, DEFRA Report No: DEFRA/RAS/01.001, August 2001 146 The countries assessed were Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Russia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Armenia. 147 see the IAEA website for these details worldwide: http://www.iaea.org/worldatom/rrdb/ 225
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LANDAU NETWORK - CENTRO VOLTA Ricer
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INDICE Gruppo di Lavoro 7 Introduzi
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Understanding Nuclear and Radiologi
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Gruppo di Lavoro Riccardo Redaelli,
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massa dei musulmani e i rappresenta
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mediatico; si propone quale attore
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L’analisi di molti esperti rivela
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per comprendere e contrastare dottr
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si è diffusa con successo tanto al
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egioni del mondo islamico hanno avu
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dell'islam è chiaramente percepito
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sviluppate soprattutto negli anni
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Insomma, una concezione totalizzant
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iii) principio della superiorità d
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economiche per i paesi produttori d
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estremamente radicale - s’incentr
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icorso alla violenza. Profittando d
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solo un numero “sufficiente” al
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solo una struttura terroristica, be
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tecnologica nei confronti dei propr
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islam percepito come immutabile e u
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Secondo Robert Leiken circa l’ott
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Themes of the Culture of Modern Glo
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Islamic publics and communities, wh
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definition of the enemy is flexible
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From this it is obvious that the ji
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many of the Jihadi volunteers to th
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Islamists also viewed this collapse
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Abdallah Aal al-Shaikh’s fatwa (I
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enovation of orthodox religious ide
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example—is Bin Laden's group al-Q
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Azzam, who focused on the mujaheddi
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of Islam. Thus, they based their vi
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7. The Immigrant Experience All of
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Islamist groups began to target the
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The September 11 attacks, unlike th
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voluntarily. The enthusiasm for sel
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10. The war in Iraq - apocalyptic v
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person of the Mahdi prior to his ap
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each Mahdi; The Mahdi; Mujaddid al-
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using terms, superlatives, and perc
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Learned the Lessons of the mujahedd
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have already used WMD in the past a
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out major terrorist operations in v
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the September 11 attacks: “If I w
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• In many of the Islamist writing
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scholars. Yet, it seems that the de
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• The nature of the Jihadist ideo
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The article bears propagandist over
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“The Islamic society cannot be es
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experienced under various Arab regi
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of Bin Laden, has written about it
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fronts, and moving its activity to
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open university for jihad studies,
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La nuova al-Qa’ida : tra dissoluz
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a un polo decisionale unitario defi
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Comprendere questo fattore è fonda
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Cosa ancora più importante, bench
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2.1 Le origini di al-Qa’ida 2.1.1
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condotte variano notevolmente e del
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La ripresa dei conflitti interni al
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movimento guidato da bin Laden e pe
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government expropriated his assets
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we could. […] As you know the sit
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modifiche dell’ambiente nel quale
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È fondamentale però non interpret
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lontani migliaia di chilometri a di
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La perdita delle basi afgane (che a
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“Although it [al-Qa’ida] has no
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Fig. 3.2 Principali realtà affilia
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tutt’ora, gli unici leader in gra
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Benché vi siano indicazioni che mi
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Iraq Benché l’Afghanistan contin
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Al di là dell’eccezionale ruolo
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sorte negli ultimi anni né a quell
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“nuovo Salah al-Din”, il leader
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La nomina di Abu Hamza al-Muhajir (
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Lungi dal costituire solo uno dei t
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any of the local conflicts invoked
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iracheni potrebbe quindi rivelarsi
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sostenere un’efficace contro-camp
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Accompagnano questa analisi alcuni
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necessariamente connessi a elementi
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economico che il governo iraqeno ap
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peshmerga del PUK intorno a fine di
Page 173 and 174: uccisi molti erano arabi come al Su
Page 175 and 176: • Cosa facevi prima? o Studiavo s
Page 177 and 178: 3. Il caso: Guantanamo La maggior p
Page 179 and 180: 4. Videocassette e CD, DvD e Intern
Page 181 and 182: Oggi si può sicuramente affermare
Page 183 and 184: Come è stato sottolineato, la rete
Page 185 and 186: distribuzione, quella che si conclu
Page 187 and 188: di i.Toot è di “ to build a new
Page 189 and 190: Iran. In questo caso, gli approfond
Page 191 and 192: Afghanistan. Nel caso dell’Afghan
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Page 195 and 196: Osama negli anfratti afghani; rievo
Page 197 and 198: 5. Reclutatori, reclute e reclutame
Page 199 and 200: della questione potrebbe fornire al
Page 201 and 202: led by [Abu Dujanah] and commander
Page 203 and 204: Abu Usama al-Ansari (Iraq) A former
Page 205 and 206: Recentemente, dicembre 2006, è app
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Page 209 and 210: Understanding Nuclear and Radiologi
Page 211 and 212: Technical Aspects Nuclear terrorism
Page 213 and 214: accident occurred in Goiânia, Braz
Page 215 and 216: This work assesses the threat of nu
Page 217 and 218: This axiom, however, has to be cons
Page 219 and 220: Threats and attempts at nuclear ter
Page 221 and 222: in the “means” that internation
Page 223: 1.2 The “Way” Terrorist desire
Page 227 and 228: edundant buildings on-site have bee
Page 229 and 230: Nuclear smuggling also incorporates
Page 231 and 232: information on how and where to acq
Page 233 and 234: effectiveness of these efforts. As
Page 235 and 236: Orphaned radioactive sources Far to
Page 237 and 238: Substance Number of Reported Cases
Page 239 and 240: Republic in December 1994. In all o
Page 241 and 242: classified literature, could possib
Page 243 and 244: 2. International Efforts and Initia
Page 245 and 246: There are five principles which aid
Page 247 and 248: counter-terrorism strategy against
Page 249 and 250: The goal of Nunn-Lugar is to lessen
Page 251 and 252: • Attempting to commit or partici
Page 253 and 254: Although controlling the informatio
Page 255 and 256: “…prevent the acquisition, tran
Page 257 and 258: 2.4.1 The GICNT and Dissuasion The
Page 259 and 260: Conclusion Although not all experts
Page 261 and 262: Radiological weapons scenarios incl
Page 263 and 264: esources, knowledge, experience and
Page 265 and 266: furthering non-proliferation object
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