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Percorsi Assistenziali Neonatologici Anno 2008<br />

Terapia<br />

Correzione per valori < 130 mEq/l:<br />

(135 - valore del sodio attuale) peso (kg) 0.7= mEq/l<br />

La correzione deve essere effettuata in 12-24 ore per ev<strong>it</strong>are la comparsa di<br />

danno ed edema cerebrale.<br />

Nelle forme caratterizzate da accumulo di liquidi (insufficienza renale acuta, sindrome<br />

da inappropriata secrezione di ADH): restrizione idrica, 60-80 ml/kg/die.<br />

Nelle forme caratterizzate da eccessiva perd<strong>it</strong>a o da scarso apporto: apporto di<br />

Na alla dose di 2-4 mEq/kg/die (valori anche più alti nei VLBW), modificato in<br />

funzione dei livelli sierici di Na<br />

Mon<strong>it</strong>oraggio<br />

Natremia ogni 6-8 ore<br />

Peso, idratazione e pressione arteriosa ogni 12 ore<br />

Osmolar<strong>it</strong>à plasmatica, azoto ureico, creatinina, osmolar<strong>it</strong>à e Na urinari ogni 12-<br />

24 ore.<br />

<br />

1. Costarino AT, Gruskay JA, Corcoran L, et al. Sodium restriction versus daily maintenance replacement in very low birth weight<br />

premature neonates: a randomised, blind therapeutic trial. J Pediatr 1992;120:99–106.<br />

2. Hartnoll G, Betremieux P, Modi N. Randomised controlled trial of postnatal sodium supplementation on body compos<strong>it</strong>ion in 25–<br />

30 week gestation infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2000;82:F24–8.<br />

3. Haycock GB. The influence of sodium on growth in infancy. Pediatr Nephrol 1993;7:871–5.<br />

4. Laing IA, Wong CM. Hypernatraemia in the first few days: is the incidence rising? Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002; 87:<br />

F158–62.<br />

5. Lorenz JM, Kleinman LI, Kotagal UR, Reller MD. Water balance in very low birth weight infants: relationship to water and sodium<br />

intake and effect on outcome. J. Pediatr 1982; 101: 423–32.<br />

6. Modi N, Hutton JL. The influence of postnatal respiratory adaptation on sodium handling in preterm neonates. Early Hum Dev<br />

1990; 21:11–20.<br />

7. Modi N. Hyponatraemia in the newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998;78:F81–4.<br />

8. Modi N. Sodium intake and preterm babies. Arch. Dis. Child. 1993; 69:87–91.<br />

9. Rees L, Shaw JCL, Brook CGD, Forsling ML. Hyponatraemia in the first week of life in preterm infants: part II Sodium and water<br />

balance. Arch DisChild. 1984; 59:423–9<br />

10. Schaffer SG, Meade VM. Sodium balance and extracellular volume regulation in very low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr. 1989; 115:<br />

285–90.<br />

217<br />

Metabolici

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