sadisertacio Tema: lenturi konveierebis vakuum-amZravebis ...

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
revaz molodini
lenturi konveierebis vakuum-amZravebis sakontaqto
zedapirebis optimaluri parametrebis kvleva
teqnikis mecnierebaTa kandidatis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad
samecniero xelmZRvaneli,
wardgenili
disertacia
specialoba 05.05.06 _ samTo manqanebi
teqn. mecn. kandidati, prof. v. musxeliSvili
2006

sarCevi
Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Tavi I. lenturi konveierebis vakuum-amZravebis muSaobis saerTo analizi
1.1. zogadi mimoxilva --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
1.2. vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebisa da konstruqciuli sqemebis kla-
sifikacia da analizi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 17
1.3. vakuum-amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruqciebi -------------- 30
1.4. sakontaqto zedapirebis rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis formirebisad-
mi miZRvnili samuSaoebis analizi --------------------------------------------------- 37
1.5. daskvnebi da kvlevis Semdgomi amocanebi ---------------------------------------- 42
Tavi II. sakonveiero amZravebis moxaxune zedapirebis makrosimqisis
analizi
2.1. zedapirebis topografiis (teqsturis) Seswavlis meTodebi da para-
metrebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
2.2. vakuum-amZravebis, xaxunis kvanZebis sakontaqto zedapirebis daxa-
siaTeba ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 46
2.3. vakuum-amZravi, rogorc lenturi sakisari -------------------------------------- 50
2.4. vakuum-amZravis xaxunis kvanZebis stenduri gamocda --------------------- 53
2.4.1. xaxunis kvanZebis gamosacdeli stendis mowyobiloba ----------- 53
2.4.2 eqsperimentuli kvlevis meTodika da gamzomi aparatura ----- 61
Tavi III. vakuum-amZravebis optimaluri sakontaqto zedapiris damuSaveba
da Teoriuli gamokvleva
3.1. teqnikuri moTxovnebi sakontaqto zedapiris mimarT---------------------- 66
3.2. vakuum-amZravis axali tipis sakontaqto zedapiri da misi daxa-
siaTeba ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68
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3.3. hidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave vakuum-dolis lentTan sakontaqto
WvriteSi siTxis Sris sisqis gansazRvra -------------------------------------- 71
3.4. vakuum-dolis rgoluri Wvritis dguSiseul sivrcesTan SemaerTebel
naxvretSi siTxis uwyvet nakadad dinebis kvleva -------------------------- 79
Tavi IV. Teoriuli, eqsperimentuli da kompiuteruli kvlevis Sedegebi
da maTi analizi
4.1. Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi analizi ----- 90
4.2. kompiuteruli kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi analizi ----------------------------- 92
ZiriTadi daskvnebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------97
gamoyenebuli literatura --------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
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S e s a v a l i
samecniero-teqnikuri progresi, es aris mudmiv gaumjobesebaSi
myofi maRalmwarmoebluri teqnologiuri procesisa da warmoebis iara-
Rebis kompleqsis gegmiani gamoyeneba. mis erT-erT mniSvnelovan rgols
warmoadgens satransporto manqana, romlis srulyofil teqnologiur
funqciebze mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli sawarmoebis ekonomika.
mrewvelobis da meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis da momsaxureobis
sferos srulyofisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs arsebuli saxis
satransporto saSualebebis optimalur da mizanswraful gamoyenebas,
risTvisac saWiroa maTi rekonstruqcia da srulyofa, cxovrebisa da
konkretuli pirobebis mier dasmuli problemebis Sesabamisad.
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc samTamadno aseve sxva sawar-
moebis satransporto manqanebis optimalur da srulyofil eqspluata-
cia-momsaxurebas, risTvisac saWiroa maTi perspeqtiuli saxeebis,
daniSnulebis, gaumarTaobis, mtyunebis mizezebis da gaumjobesebis
mimarTulebaTa Rrmad Seswavla-analizi.
mrewvelobisa da meurneobis mraval dargebSi didnakaduri
tvirTebis gadazidvis erT-erT perspeqtiul satransporto danadgars
warmoadgens lenturi konveieri. maTi proeqtirebis, srulyofis da
warmoebis (mSeneblobis) problemebiT dakavebulia sxvadasxva qveynis
mravali firma da sawarmo [46, 34, 35, 36]. proeqtirebisas didi yuradReba
unda mieqces konveieris gamoyenebis ares (pirobebs) da gadasazidi
tvirTebis fiziko-meqanikur Tvisebebs. maTi gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes
sakonveiero danadgaris optimaluri parametrebis dadgena, sadac unda
Caidos yvela is ZiriTadi monacemi, romelic saWiro iqneba
gaangariSebisa da mTlianad proeqtis mkafiod CamoyalibebisaTvis.
lenturi konveieris amZravis ZiriTad maCvenebels warmoadgens
maRali wevis faqtori, sakontaqto zedaprebis maRali saeqspluatacio
parametrebi, samsaxuris vada da a.S.
cnobilia, rom lenturi konveieris maqsimaluri sigrZe
damokidebulia: amZravis tipze (wevis faqtorze), lentis simtkiceze, mis
- 4 -

sawyis daWimulobaze, tvirTis satransporto trasis profilze da
saWiro simZlavreze. amasTanave miTiTebulia [35, 36], rom yvelaze mtkice
rezin-gvarliani lentis simtkicis zRvari Cveulebriv Semoifargleba
6000÷6300 dkn/sm. misi Semdgomi gazrda ki ekonomikuri da teqnikuri
TvalsazrisiT mizanSeuwonelia. ufro mtkice lentebis warmoebisas
izrdeba misi masa da Rirebuleba, lentis Sepirapirebis sigrZe, dolis
diametri, reduqtoris mgrexi momenti, dgaris gabarituli zomebi da
liTontevadoba da konveieris sxva mravali parametri [34].
lenturi konveierebis mkvlevarebi, am simtkicis lentebis
efeqturi (rodesac e μβ SedarebiT didia) realizaciisaTvis gvTavazoben
mravaldolian amZravebs Sualedur da kudis amZravebTan kompleqsSi.
maTive kvlevebis Sedegebis mixedviT Q=4000 t/sT mwarmoeblobis
horizontaluri konveieris maqsimaluri sigrZe erTdoliani amZravebis
SemTxvevaSi ar aRemateba 850 m, ordolianisas ki 1300 m. Tumca,
literaturul wyaroebSi miTiTebulia 3,5 km sigrZis konveieris proeqti-
rebis SesaZlebloba ordoliani amZraviT. aseve miTiTebulia [36] 10 km
sigrZis erTdgariani konveieris proeqtirebis SeuZlebloba doluri
tipis amZravebiT, vinaidan problemis gadawyvetisaTvis saWiroa 10000
dkn/sm da ufro meti simtkicis lenti [34]. Tanamedrove literaturul
wyaroebSi ki konveiermSeneblobis miRwevebi ase gamoiyureba: germaniis
karierebze “fortuna” da “xambaxi” eqspluataciaSi iyo 5 km sigrZis
erTdgariani lenturi konveieri mwarmoeblobiT Q=40000 t/sT, lentis
siganiT B=2,8 m da siCqariT ν=7,5 m/wm, amZravebis saerTo simZlavriT
N d=6×2000=12000 kvt [35].
laipcigis sagamofeno bazrobaze 1977w warmodgenili iyo
germanuli firma “takraf”-is amZravi meqanizmi Zravis simZlavriT 1500
kvt. aseTi samblokiani meqanizmiT akrefili ordoliani amZravis bazaze
miRebuli konveieris mwarmoebloba Q=15400 m 3 /sT-ia, lentis sigane B=2,5 m,
siCqare ν=6,0 m/wm, amZravebis saerTo simZlavre N d=3×1500=4500 kvt [34].
msoflioSi yvelaze didi sakonveiero sistema daaproeqta da
daamontaJa germanulma firma “krup”-ma. misi saerTo sigrZe Seadgenda 100
km-s, ganlagebuli iyo espaneTis saharaSi (afrika) maRaro “bu-karaa”-dan
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sazRvao portamde da emsaxureboda fosfatis nedleulis transpor-
tirebas. sakonveiero trasa Sesdgeboda 6,8-dan 11,7 km-mde sigrZis
TerTmeti konveierisagan 10 mln t/w mwarmoeblobiT. portSi konveieris
gantvirTis punqti, sakonveiero sistemis datvirTvis punqtTan SedarebiT
213 m-iT dabla imyofeboda. mTel trasas emsaxureboda 51 bazisuri
amZravi meqanizmi TiToeuli simZlavriT 378 kvt. jamuri simZlavre
Seadgenda 19278 kvt-s da energiis xarjvis koeficienti Seadgenda 0,0001
kvt.sT/tm saTavisa da kudis amZravebi aRWurvili iyo (sakuTari)
damoukidebeli damWimi mowyobilobebiT. lentis siCqare Seadgenda 4,5
m/wm da sabadodan portamde tvirTi Cadioda 6,18 sT-Si [34].
sakonveiero transportis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan nabijs
warmoadgens didi britaneTis Saxta `selbi~-s daxril WaurSi 1984-85ww.
erTdgariani 14930 m sigrZis, D=2,674 m diametris erTamZravdoliani
naxSirmzidi konveieris eqspluataciaSi Seyvana. konveieris proeqti
daamuSava firmebma: `anderson staratklaidi” (didi britaneTi) da
`realizacion de eqvifments industrii~ (safrangeTi). amZravi ganla-
gebulia Saxtis zedapirze da moZraobaSi modis 2×5050 kvt simZlavris
mudmivi denis ZraviT. brunvis sixSire, programuli teqnikis saSualebiT,
0-dan 60 wT -1 -mde narnari regulirebiT icvleba konveieris datvirTvis
reJimis mixedviT. amuSavebis momenti, romelic 4-5 wT mimdinareobs,
damyarebul reJimSi muSaobis momentis 106 % ar aRemeteba. tvirTiani
damWimi mowyobiloba ganlagebulia uSualod amZravTan. awevis
vertikaluri simaRle 1000 m-ia. mwarmoebluroba 3200 t/sT. gamoyenebulia
lenti _ tipi St-7100, romlis samsaxuris vada gaTvaliswinebulia 15
welze, xolo mTlianad konveirisa _ 30 welze. lentis sigane 1,3 m;
maqsimaluri siCqare – 8,4 m/wm. awevis energiis xarjvis koeficienti –
0,00021 kvt.sT/t.m [34, 79].
Tanamedrove konveierebis damWimi mowyobiloba lentis sawyisi
daWimulobis avtomaturi regulirebis mizniT aRiWurveba gadamwodebiT.
isev kvlevis stadiaSia damWimi mowyobilobis muSaobis avtomaturi
regulirebis sistema, romelic programuli teqnikis saSualebiT
uzrunvelyofs lentis sawyis daWimulobas garemo pirobebis, amZravis
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sakontaqto zedapirebis mdgomareobisa da konveierze tvirTnakadis
sididis mixedviT [34].
motanili teqnikuri maCveneblebi saxasiaToa da minimalurad
asaxavs danarCeni grZeldgariani lenturi konveierebis mravalsaxa
parametrebs, romelTa didi raodenoba amJamad muSaobs msoflios
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.
ganxiluli magaliTebi da sxva arsebuli danadgarebic
warmoadgens imis utyuar sabuTs, rom wevis Zalebis realizacia
ZiriTadad xorcieldeba: lentis sawyisi daWimulobis (S C) gazrdiT an
amZravze moqnili sawevi organos Semoxvevis kuTxis (α g) matebis xarjze
misi wevis faqtoris (e μαg ) gazrdiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli
faqtori zrdis danadgaris liTontevadobas, xolo meore iwvevs moqnili
sawevi organos (lentis) daRlilobiT cveTas, _ gaSrevebas an gvarlis
mavTulebis dazianebas da simtkicis Sesustebas. arsebobs sxva
problemebic, romlebic sruladaa warmodgenili SromebSi [72, 73].
amZravis wevis faqtoris (e μαg ) gazrdis erT-erT efeqtur
saSualebas warmoadgens sakontaqto zedapirebis CaWidebis (xaxunis)
stabiluri koeficientis miReba-SenarCuneba. am mimarTulebiT Sesrule-
buli kvleviTi samuSaoebi iTvaliswinebs: amZravi dolis sakontaqto
zedapirebis, an misi amonagis (maRalfriqciuli masaliT futirebis)
sxvadsxva konfiguraciis (sworkuTxa, Sevronuli da a.S.) naWdevebs, an
specialuri amZravebis gamoyenebas (eleqtromagnituri, magnitoeleqt-
ruli, meqanikuri-mimWer mowyobilobiani, pnevmokameriT, vakuumuri da a.S.)
[41, 51, 22, 60, 93, 50, 70, 81 da sxva].
xaxunis mecnieruli safuZvlebis fuZemdeblad da adreuli
Teoriis Semqmnelad iTvlebian: leonardo da vinCi, amontoni, kuloni, de
lia giri, tomlinsoni, parenti, belidori da leonard eileri. am
ukanasknelma winamorbedTa kvlevis Sedegebis axsnisaTvis Seasrula
zusti analizis seria. man miiRo amZravi meqanizmebiT (doliT, borbliT)
mwev organoze (bagirze, lentze) xaxunis Zalis maTematikuri gamosaxu-
leba. am mkvlevarebis Semdgom didi xnis manZilze xaxunis TeoriaSi
mniSvnelovani samuSaoebi ar Seqmnila. am periodis mecnierebi xaxunis
- 7 -

koeficientis angariSisas ar ganixilavdnen aranairi pirobebis gavlenas
da Tvlidnen rom f=const=0,25÷0,3. [43].
xaxunis Teoriis mogvianebiTi mkvlevarebi: xardi, biri, gumbeli,
ernsti, merCenti da bloki sakiTxis Seswavlisas iTvaliswinebdnen
statikur da kinetikur pirobebs, sakontaqto zedapirebis mdgomareobas
(tenianoba, simqise, temperatura) srialis siCqares da kuTr wnevas, rac
srulfasovnadaa warmodgenilia SromebSi [54, 55, 43, 76, 82, 83, 84].
liTonis, elastomerebis da sxva sakompozicio masalebis xaxunis
bunebis Tanamedrove Sexedulebebi Camoyalibda mTeli rigi detaluri
kvlevebis safiZvelze, romelTa avtorebic arian: kragelski, WiWinaZe,
grinvudi, viliamsoni, xanti, boudeni, teibori, rabinoviCi, kurteli,
freitago, ariano, dere, roti, tirioni, Salamaxi, bartenevi, ratneri,
groSi, deriagini da sxva mravalni. maT kvlevebSi yuradReba gamaxvi-
lebulia faqtiuri sakontaqto farTobisa da SemzeTi adsorbirebuli
Sris sisqis gansazRvraze; amJamad cnobilia ramdenime Tvalsazrisi
garegani xaxunis bunebaze da misi ganmartebisaTvis Semotanilia cnebebi:
moxaxune zedapirebis urTierT gadafarvis koeficientis [43] (a. WiWinaZis
mier), xaxunis ormagi bunebis (molekulur-meqanikuri), sakontaqto
zedapirebs Soris mesame _ xaxunis Sris; plastikuri, drekadi da drekad-
plastikuri deformaciis; adgeziuri, kogeziuri, simSvidis, srialisa da
gorvis, sveli, zRvruli da mSrali xaxunis, histerezisis, molekuluri
(SeduRebis) bogirakebis, myari fazis wakveTis, zedapirze kavSirebis
mimarTuli rekombinaciisa [44] da sxva mravali. amgvarad xaxuni
disipaciuri procesia da igi Sesabamisad mimdinereobs winaRobebis
gadalaxvaSi da sakontaqto zedapirebis formis cvlilebebSi da
damokidebulia mraval reologour faqtorze, amitom xSirad avtorTa
kvlevis Sedegebi urTierTs srulad ar emTxveva da iwvevs polemikas. ase
magaliTad, [82] kvlevebis mixedviT xaxunis kieficienti umniSvnelod
icvleba da normaluri Zalis 16-jeradi gazrda xaxunis kieficients
zrdis mxolod orjer. germaniasa da CexoslovakiaSi Sesrulebuli
kvleviTi samuSaoebis mixedviT ki dolisa da lentis sakontaqto
zedapirebze kuTri wnevis 10 5 -dan _ 7×10 5 pa-mde gazrdiT (dolis
sakontaqto zedapiris maRalfriqciuli sworkuTxa naWdevebiani reziniT
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amogebis miuxedavad) xaxunis koeficienti mcirdeba 0,7-dan 0,46-mde, xolo
Tu sakontaqto zedapirebi amavdroulad sveldeba da kaliumis mari-
lebis an Tixis Semcveli xsnariT WuWyiandeba, maSin xaxunis koeficienti
0,7-dan 0,11-mde da ufro metadac [35]. xaxunis koeficientis fundamen-
talur kvlevebSi [43] aRniSnulia, rom daSvebebi laboratoriuli
eqsperimentebis dros, romelic iTvaliswinebs mxolod moxaxune sxeu-
lebis bunebis gavlenas xaxunis koeficientis sidideze, arasakmarisia da
ufro metad igi damokidebulia mogvianebiTi da Tanamedrove kvlevebSi
motanil cnebebsa da pirobebze, romelsac rogorc aRvniSneT, zogadad
reologiuri ewodeba.
yuradsaRebia erTi SeniSvna [43]: Tu myari tanis zedapiri gaTa-
visuflebulia afskisagan (rac SeiZleba ganxorcieldes vakuumSi an
mkacr-gansakuTrebul reJimSi xaxunisas), maSin garegani xaxuni gadadis
SinaganSi, zedapirebi eWidebian-duRdebian da erTimeoris mimarT
gadaadgilebisas mniSvnelovnad ziandebian. zogjer am movlenas `sufTa
xaxuns~ uwodeben Tumca misi garegan xaxunad ganxilva arsebiTad ar
SeiZleba. paradoqsulia Sarlota iakobis 1912 wels Sesrulebuli
pirveli samuSaos Sedegebi. vakuumSi xaxunis koeficientis mniSvneloba
aRmoCnda bevrad dabali vidre haerze [82]. SemdgomSi misi cdis
meTodikis arasrulfasovneba dadasturda. uaxlesma kvlevebma uCvenes,
rom vakuumSi xaxuni ar warmoadgens principulad axal process. igi
emorCileba igive zogad kanonzomierebebs, rasac atmosferul pirobebSi.
kerZod, vakuumSi xaxunisaTvis sruliad mizanSewonilia xaxunis
molekulur-meqanikuri Teoria. aseve miTiTebulia, rom vakuumSi xaxunis
adgeziuri mdgeneli gacilebiT maRalia vidre haeris garemoSi,
Sesabamisad, didi unda iyos xaxunis koeficientic [82].
winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens lenturi konveierebis vakuumuri
amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis optimaluri parametrebis kvlevisadmi
miZRvnil samuSaos, romelic ZiriTadad emyareba (sveli xaxunis
pirobebSi) amZravis moxaxune zedapirebis (vakuum-doli, sakonveiero
lenti) standartul parametrebs (B, D, v, μ, α) da iTvaliswinebs mTel
sakontaqto zedapirze vakuumis (p) Tanabrad ganawilebis uzrunvelyofas,
- 9 -

sakonveiero lentis parametrebis gaTvaliswinebiT (simqise, sixiste,
konstruqcia, kuTri dawneva (P), gaglejis zRvari (S g) da a.S.).
literaturuli mokvlevis mixedviT [34, 35] samTamadno sawarmoebSi
Tanamedrove magistraluri sakonveiero transportis lentis moZraobis
siCqare icvleba ν=5÷8,4 m/wm; lentis simtkicis maragi (m) dinamikuri
(statikuri) _ rezinqsovilianisaTvis m=6,0 (9,5), xolo rezingvarliani-
saTvis m=6,3 (10); amZravi dolis maqsimaluri diametri D=2,45÷2,674 m;
gamoyenebuli maqsimalurad mtkice lentis tipi (2РТЛ-6000, St-6000, an St-
7100), gaglejvis zRvari Sg=6000 an 7100 dkn/sm, sigane B=2,438 m (lentis
maqsimaluri sigane DIN-22102 germanuli standartis mixedviT B=3,2 m.
gemraniaSi Catarebulma Teoriulma kvlevebma, rezingvarliani
lentebis simtkicis Teoriul zRvrad CaTvala 10 000 da 20 000 dkn/sm,
Sesabamisi saorientacio masebiT 84 da 152,5 dkn/m 2 [34], xolo ν=5,2 m/wm
siCqarisa da B=2,2 m lentis siganisas amZravis moTxovnili simZlavre
Sesabamisad 10 700 da 23 500 kvt-is tolad. lentis simtkicis es
Teoriuli SesaZleblobebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom amZravis wevis faqtoris
gazrdis SesaZlebloba jer kidev ar amowurula, miT umetes, rom
vakuumSi xaxunis koeficienti maRalia da amasTan stabiluri [82];
zemoTqmulis mixedviT vadgenT amZravis bazisur models Semdegi
parametrebiT: St tipis lentis sigane B=3,2 m, dolis diametri D=2,674 m;
lentis maqsimaluri siCqare ν maqs=8,4 m/wm, simtkicis zRvari gaglejvaze
S g=7100 dkn/sm (Teoriuli 10 000÷20 000 dkn/sm), simtkicis maragis dinamikuri
(statikuri) koeficienti m=6,3 (10), mwarmoebloba Q=40 000 t/sT (q=1323
dkn/m), amZravis simZlavre Nd=12 000÷15 150 kvt.
lentis simtkicis maragis dinamikuri koeficientis (m din=6,3)
mixedviT dolze lentis swrafobis wertilSi SesaZlo maqsimaluri
myisuri daWimuloba S sw.din=S gamgB/m din=7100×320/6,3=360 635 dkn.
xolo lentis simtkicis maragis statikuri koeficientis
(m stat=10) mixedviT S sw.stat=S gamgB/m stat=7100×320/10=227 200 dkn.
amZravis SerCeuli modelis mier gasaviTarebeli wevis Zalebi ori
pirobis mixedviT ganisazRvreba:
1) rodesac N d=12000 kvt
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F 1=102N dη/ν maqs=102⋅12000⋅0,85/8,4=123 857 dkn
2) rodesac N d=15 150 kvt (3×5050 _ mudmivi denis ZraviT)
F 2=102N dη/ν maqs=102⋅15150⋅0,85/8,4=156 370 dkn
SerCeuli modelis mixedviT, lentis programuli (sawyisi) daWimu-
lobebi pirobebisaTvis: m din=6,3; F 1=123 857 dkn (N d=12000kvt) da F 2=156 370
dkn (N d=15150kvt). iqneba
S C1=S sw.din-F 1=360635-123857=236778 dkn
S C2=S sw.din-F 2=360635-156370=204265 dkn
xolo pirobebisaTvis: m stat=10; F 1=123 857 dkn (N d=12000kvt) da
F 2=156 370 dkn (N d=15150kvt). iqneba
S C3=S sw.stat-F 1=227200-123857=103 343 dkn
S C4=S sw.stat-F 2=227200-156370=70 830 dkn
Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevebis [60] mixedviT vakuum-
dolis gamoyenebis efeqtur zonad miRebulia
S C.opt=(pRB)÷2pRB=(0,47×66,85×160)÷(0,94×133,7×320)=(40217)÷80434 dkn.
amgvarad, SerCeuli etalonuri modelis vakuum-dolis Sesaferis
eleqtroamZravad SegviZlia miviRoT N d=3×5050=15150kvt, rodesac m stat=10;
S C=S C4=70830 dkn; vinaidan S C.opt=80434>S C4=70830 dkn; saorientacio wevis
faqtori ki iqneba e μα =S sw/S C=227200/70830=3,2
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT narnari gaSvebis SesaZleblobebs maSin
e μα =360635/70830=5,09 (=227200/70830=3,2).
S sw.stat=S gag⋅B/m stat=10000×320/6,3=507 936,5 dkn.
S´ sw.stat=S gag⋅B/m stat=20000×320/6,3=1 015 873 dkn
Tu CavTvliT vakuum-dolis etalonuri modelis parametrebs
zemoTqmulis Sesabamiss, maSin S C.opt=80433 dkn.
xolo wevis faqtorebi:
e(10000) μα =S sw.stat/S C.opt=507936/80433=6,3150 da
e(20000) μα =S sw.stat/S C.opt=101587300/80433=12,63
samuSaos Tema: lenturi konveierebis vakuum-amZravebis sakon-
taqto zedapirebis optimaluri parametrebis kvleva, maRali weviTi
- 11 -

Tvisebis vakuum-amZravis sakontaqto zedapiris, konstruqciuli da
saeqspluatacio parametrebis mecnieruli dasabuTebiT.
samuSaos mizani mdgomareobs vakuum-dolis sakontaqto
zedapirebis iseTi konstruqciisa da vakuumis formirebis iseTi
teqnologiuri procesis damuSavebaSi, romelic uzrunvelyofs rgolur
WvriteSi maRali da Tanabrad ganawilebuli vakuumis Seqmnas.
kvlevis meTodika: eyrdnoba Teoriul da eqsperimentul
kvlevebs, maTematikur modelirebas da maT amonaxsnebs kompiuteruli
uzrunvelyofiT; miRebuli kvlevis Sedegebis Semowmebas laboratoriul
stendze fizikuri modelirebiT.
mecnieruli debulebebi:
avtonomiuri vakuumuri meqanizmebis moqmedebis siswrafe ganisazRvreba
drois erTeulSi sakontaqto zedapiris dguSiseul sivrcesTan
SemaerTebel naxvretis geometriuli da masSi gadinebuli siTxis
hidrodinamikuri parametrebiT;
amZravis sakontaqto zedapirze myisuri, Tanabrad ganawilebuli da
aucilebeli sididis vakuumis Seqmnis procesi mniSvnelovnad
martivdeba da srulyofili xdeba rgolur Wvritesa da dguSiseul
sivrceSi wveTovani siTxis iZulebiTi SeyvaniT da SemdgomSi misi
uwyvet nakadad gawoviT.
amZravis muSaobis uxelsayrelesi reJimebi, romelTa drosac
mniSvnelovnad izrdeba amZravis wevis faqtori, arawrfiv
funqcionalur damokidebulebaSia makroelastohidrodinamikis
marTvad procesebTan, romlebic mxedvelobaSi miiReba vakuum-dolisa
da lentur sakisars Soris msgavsebisa da ganmasxvavebeli niSnebis
ganxilvisas.
mecnieruli siaxlea vakuum-dolis mZlavr lentur sakisrad
warmodgena, romlis safuZvelze Seiqmna axali sakontaqto zedapiri da
misi optimaluri parametrebis saangariSo meTodika;
makroelastohidrodinamikis procesisa da zomerfeldis
ganzogadebuli ricxvis mniSvnelobebis regulirebaze dayrdnobiT
warmodgenilia vakuumis SeqmniTa da misi saWiro dromde SenarCunebiT
- 12 -

vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapiris sakonveiero lentTan CaWidebis
koeficientis regulirebis idea.
mecnieruli Sedegebis dasabuTebuloba da utyuaroba dadastu-
rebulia avtoris mier Sesrulebul Teoriuli da mravali eqsperimen-
tuli gamokvlevis Sedegebis dasaSveb zRvrebSi urTierTTanxvdenilobiT
da emyareba drekadhidrodinamikis, vakuumSi fizikuri procesebis,
moculobiTi hidravlikuri manqanebis muSaobis Teoriis, tribonikis da,
saerTod, meqanikis zogad debulebebs.
disertaciaSi Camoyalibebuli mecnieruli siaxleebi da
debulebebi dasabuTebulia SerCeuli Teoriuli modelis (warmodgenilia
SesavalSi, gv.9. - bazisuri modelis saxelwodebiT) SesabamisobiT da
statistikuri monacemebis sakmarisi moculobiT, rac exeba ara mxolod
lenturi konveierebis muSaobas, aramed zogadad tribologiis sakiTxebs.
samuSaos praqtikuli Rirebuleba
— pirvelad aris ganxiluli da gaangariSebuli lenturi
konveieris vakuum-doluri amZravi, rogorc lenturi sakisari;
— rgolur WvriteSi siTxis Sris sisqis gaangariSebisa da avm-is
dguSiseuli sivrcis rgoluri Wvritis vakuum-arxebTan damakavSirebel
naxvretSi siTxis uwyvetad gadadinebis siCqarisa da xarjis gansazRvris
meTodikis damuSaveba;
— kompiuteruli modelirebiT vakuum-amZravis gaangariSebis
zogadi meTodikis Seqmna;
— vakuum-doluri amZravis lentur sakisrad ganxilvam saSualeba
mogvca iteraciuli meTodiT dagvemuSavebina sakontaqto zedapirebisa da
mTlianad amZravis konstruqciuli da saeqspluatacio parametrebis
gaangariSebis meTodika, romelic zrdis efeqturobis gansazRvris
SesaZleblobas da gamoyenebis ares;
— avm-iani vakuum-amZravebis gamoyenebiT martivdeba maRali wevis
faqtoris mqone lenturi konveierebis saangariSo konturuli sqema;
— rgolur WvriteSi Tanabrad ganawilebuli da aucilebeli
(0,95×10 5 pa ) vakuumis miRebisaTvis SemoTavazebuli meTodis (xerxis)
praqtikulad realizaciis SesaZlebloba amaRlebs lenturi konveieris
vakuum-amZravebis muSaobis efeqturobas;
- 13 -

— maRali da stabiluri wevis faqtori amcirebs lentis
moTxovnil simtkices (gansakuTrebiT, horizontaluri da mcired
daxrili danadgarebisaTvis), dgaris liTonSemcvelobas, zrdis
danadgaris samsaxuris vadas da kapitaluri da saeqspluatacio
danaxarjebis maqsimalurad Semcirebis safuZvelze efeqturs xdis
vakuum-amZraviani lenturi konveierebis gamoyenebas;
— Teoriuli (kompiuteruli) da eqsperimentuli gamokvlevebis
safuZvelze miRebuli Sedegebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes lenturi
konveierebis rTul hidroteqnikur pirobebSi momuSave xaxunis amZravi
meqanizmebis weviTi Tvisebebis asamaRleblad.
aprobacia: calkeuli Tavebi da mTlianad sadisertacio naSromi
ganxilulia samTo manqanebis, maRaros stacionaruli danadgarebisa da
transportis kaTedris samecniero seminarze. amave Temaze Sesrulda
samagistro naSromi [66] da moxseneba 1998 wlis stu-s studentTa
samecniero konferenciaze.
publikacia: sadisertacio naSromis Sinaarsis ZiriTadi Sedegebi
asaxulia 5 gamoqveynebul samecniero naSromSi.
samuSaos moculoba: disertacia Sedgeba Sesavlis, 4 Tavisa da
daskvnisagan. literaturis nusxaSi motanilia 93 dasaxelebis naSromi,
moicavs 105 nabeWd gverds, 55 naxazs, 7 cxrils da 2 danarTs.
- 14 -

Tavi 1. lenturi konveierebis vakuum-amZravebis
muSaobis saerTo analizi
1.1 zogadi mimoxilva
xaxunis amZravi meqanizmebis Seqmnas da srulyofas or aseul
welze meti xnis istoria aqvs. Teoriuli da inJinruli gaangariSebiT da
konstruqciul gadawyvetilebaTa sisruleSi moyvaniT dainteresebuli
iyo mravali mecnier-mkvlevari, konstruqtori, gamomgonebeli, praqtikosi.
am sferos fundamentalur mkvlevarTa ricxvs ekuTvnian: l. eileri, m.
kretci, m. urazbaevi, grazgofi, n. petrovi, n. Jukovski, o. kammeri, a.
fiberi, e. ivanovi da sxv.
mravali kvlevebi aqvT Catarebuli: v. andreevs, n. biliCenkos, v.
dimitrievs, m. kotovs, b. kuznecovs, n. poliakovs, a. spivakovskis, g.
solods, l. Saxmeisters, i. Stokmans da sxv.
iangariSeba
l. eileris kvlevebis mixedviT xaxunis amZravis wevis Zala
F=S C(e μα -1) (1.1)
SemdgomSi am gamosaxulebam gamoyenebis sferos mixedviT
sxvadasxvanairi interpretacia ganicada. unda aRiniSnos, rom rogorc
lenturi konveierebis muSaobis praqtikuli magaliTebi gviCvenebs, amZra-
vis wevis faqtori (e μα ) arastabiluria. igi, gamowveulia droSi sakon-
taqto zedapirebisaTvis reologiuri da sxva mravali gauTvaliswinebeli
pirobebis cvlilebebiT. aRniSnuli faqti ki mniSvnelovan gavlenas
axdens konveieris teqnikur-ekonomikur maCveneblebze. amZravebis muSaobis
srulyofisaTvis wlebis manZilze ixveweboda misi parametrebis mastabi-
lizebeli kvanZebi da iqmneboda axali tipis specialuri amZravebic.
miuxedavad Catarebuli RonisZiebebisa maRali da stabiluri CaWidebis
koeficientis (μ) miReba-SenarCunebis sakiTxi, gansakuTrebiT atmosferu-
li pirobebis cvalebadobisas (rodesac icvleba temperatura da amZravis
sakontaqto zedapirebis xaxuni mimdinareobs, mSrali, zRvruli, sveli
xaxunisas, Tixisa da sxva samTo qanebis wyalxsnarebiT sakontaqto
zedapirebis daWuWyianebisas da a.S.) ar aris gadawyvetili. amitom,
- 15 -

ezervebi stabiluri wevis faqtoris miRebamde, rogorc me-20 saukunis
bolo wlebis Sromebic gviCvenebs [87], amouwuravia; misi gadawyvetis
gzebi mravalnairia, romelTagan erT-erT perspeqtiul mimarTulebas
warmoadgens vakuum-amZravebis gamoyeneba. am amZravebis kvlevebisas [22, 21,
60, 93], sxva specialur da Cveulebrivi amZravebisagan gansxvavebiT, miRe-
bulia wevis Zalebisa da weviTi faqtoris miRebisa da misi SenarCunebis
sruliad damakmayofilebeli Sedegebi. Sedegebis samarTlianoba dastur-
deba xaxunis klasikuri TeoriiTac [82]. ase, magaliTad: amZravis sakon-
taqto zedapirebis rgolur WvriteSi nebismieri siTxis (zeTisac ki)
moxvedra [22, 60] iwvevs mSral xaxunTan SedarebiT wevis Zalebis gazrdas
da, maSasadme vakuum-amZraviT momuSave lenturi konveieris ekonomiku-
robis garantia, sxva amZravebTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT maRalia. zemoT
motanili faqtebis mixedviT vTvliT, rom lenturi konveierebis erT-erT
perspeqtiul amZravs warmoadgens vakuumuri, romelTa moqmedebis prin-
cipi SeiZleba safuZvlad davudoT, rogorc doluri tipis saTavisa da
kudis, aseve rgolurad Sekrul wrfiv sawevorganoebian Sualedur
amZravebsac.
miuxedavad am sferoSi mecnier-mkvlevarTa mravalwliani muSao-
bisa, Sedegebi ki damajerebelia, magram, Cveni azriT, SesaZleblobis
mxolod minimumia gakeTebuli. logikuri analizisa da mecnierulad
dasabuTebuli debulebebis mixedviT mizanSewonilad migvaCnia vakuum-
amZravebis rekonstruqcia-srulyofisas gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas:
a) recipientebis (vakuum-arxebis) naxvretebamde dayvaniT da hidroaero-
dinamikis (makroelastohidrodinamikis) TvalsazrisiT amZravebis sakon-
taqto zedapirebis ufro metad (arsebulTan SedarebiT) gamartiveba;
b) damokidebuleba amZravi vakuum-dolis kuTxur siCqaresa (brunvis
sixSiresa) da rgoluri Wvretidan siTxis (wveTovanis, gazisebris)
drenaJirebis siCqares Soris;
g) sakontaqto zedapirebis (rgolur) WvriteSi maRali da Tanabrad
ganawilebuli gauxSoebis miRebisa da amZravis sakontaqto zedapiridan
lentis narnarad (aglejvis gareSe) gayris (gacilebis) uzrunvelyofa.
dasaxuli miznis ganxorcielebisaTvis CavatareT sapatento da
literaturuli mokvleva vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebis, konstruq-
- 16 -

ciuli sqemebis, Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevebis sferoSi. mokv-
leuli masalebis analizma uCvena, rom amZravebis sakontaqto zedapire-
bis parametrebis dadgena xdeboda konkretuli pirobebisaTvis, naxvre-
tebSi, milsadenebSi, recipientebis fasonur nawilebsa da rgolur Wvri-
teSi siTxis (haeris) dinebis winaaRmdegobis gauTvaliswineblad, xolo
vakuumis formireba sakontaqto zedapirebs Soris – pirobiT rgolur
WvriteSi ganixileboda raRac t 0 droSi da ara dolis (amZravis, brtye-
las) brunvis sixSiris Sesabamisad. aRniSnulia reinoldsis, prandtlis
da nusseltis kriteriumebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb [93, 20]; miuxedavad amisa
araferia naxsenebi knudsenis kriteriumisa, vakuum-tumbos moqmedebis
siswrafisa, sakontaqto rgoluri Wvritis efeqturi amotumbvisa da
rTuli labirinT0uli recipientebis gamtarunarianobis Sesaxeb.
bundovnadaa warmodgenili koleqtorebis (urTierTis mimarT) moZravi
nawilebis hermetizaciis xarisxi maTi resursebi da saimedooba. yuradsa-
Rebia koleqtoriani vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebis naklebad efeqtu-
robac, im cnobili faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlis mixedviT blant
reJimSi gazebis (siTxeebis) dinebisas, mrgvali kveTis milsadenebis
gamtaroba ukuproporciul damokidebulebaSia misive sigrZisa da gazis
dinamikuri siblantis koeficientis [22].
1.2. vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebisa da konstruqciuli
sqemebis klasifikacia da analizi
nairsaxeobaTagan amorCeuli da ganxiluli ramdenime saxasiaTo
nimuSis saSualebiT movaxdinoT vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebisa da
konstruqciuli sqemebis klasifikacia da maTi Semdgomi analizi.
klasifikacia movaxdineT: (1) ∗ _ konstruqciis niSniT; (2) _ konveieris
dgarSi ganlagebis niSniT; (3) _ vakuumis Seqmnis principis niSniT da (4) _
zedapiris konstruqciis niSniT (nax. 1.1).
∗ nax.1.1-ze miTiTebulia, rogorc klasifikaciis safexuris nomeri 1, 2, 3, ... 36.
- 17 -

dfreev-fv'hfdt,b
cfrjynfmnj ptlfgbhbc
rjycnhemwbbc ybiybs
3 4 5
cfrjynfmnj ptlfgbhpt
dfreevbc itmvybc ghbywbgbs
rjycnhemwbekb
ybiybs
lufhib
ufykfut,bc vb[tldbs
2
46 47
grZivi Rarebi
ganapira gawoviT
23 3: 41 42
garegani wyaroTi
vakuum-tumboTi
22
6 7 8 9 : 21
rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis
bunebrivi warmoqmniT
gamWoli grZivi Wrilebi
rgolurad Sekruli
wrfivi sawevi brtyelaTi
grZivi segmentebisagan
Sedgenili rkalebiT
grZivi Rarebi
centraluri gawoviT
43 44 45
21′
avtonomiuri
vakuum-meqanizmebiT
perforirebuli
24 25
Sualeduri
msaxvelis paraleluri
erTi rigi
msaxvelis paraleluri
ori rigi
elastikuri masalis sawovarebiT
an perforirebuli
garsakriT
doluri
wrfivi
koleqtoriT
Sevronuli
wriuli
koleqtoriT
kudis
saTavis
- 18 -
33 34 35
centraluri
ganlagebiT
26
muSta-meqanizmebiani
amZraviT
36
sakontaqto zedapirze gaxsnili
recipientebi
periferiuli
ganlagebiT
el.magnitebiani amZraviT
WvriteSi lentTan SexebiT
yvinTia TiTebiani amZraviT
c il i n dr -d gu Si an i
mWedlis an baianis
sabervelis ti pis
sakontaqto zedapirTan dakavSirebuli
gauxSoebis saerTo rezervuari
moqnil rgolTan moqnilkavSiriani
da dolis grZiv
WrilebSi gamWolad gamavali
tvirTiani amZraviT
Rarebis Sesabamisi elastikuri
jibeebiT da garsakriT
32
27
37
38
28
39
perforaciebiT
2: 31
mkveTara
gamanawilebliT
burTula zambarebiani
sarqvelebiT
29
nax. 1.1. vakuum-amZravebis klasifikacia

pirveli niSnis mixedviT arsebobs (5) _ doluri [18, 61, 62] da (6) _
rgolurad Sekruli wrfivi sawevi brtyelaTi warmodgenili amZravebi
[15, 18].
meore niSnis mixedviT arsebobs (7) _ Sualeduri, (8) _ saTavisa da
(9) _ kudis amZravebi.
mizanSezonilad migvaCnia, rom garda doluri amZravebisa,
saTavisa da kudis amZravebad gamoviyenoT rgolurad Sekruli wrfivi
sawevi brtyelaTi warmodgenili srulyofili Sualeduri amZravebic. es
saSualebas mogvcems gamoviyenoT erTi tipis amZravi meqanizmebi, sigrZeSi
praqtikulad SeuzRudavi konveieris mTel dgarSi. Sesabamisad konveieris
mTeli simZlavre Tanabrad ganawildeba dgaris ubnebSi, rac Seamcirebs
sakonveiero lentis sawyis daWimulobas (S C) da mis saWiro simtkices (S g).
amZravebis aRniSnuli saxiT warmodgena uzrunvelyofs unifikaciis
maRal dones da ufro moxerxebuls gaxdis eqspluataciisa da remontis
process.
mesame niSnis mixedviT vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebisa da
konstruqciuli sqemebis farTo asortimentSi gamokveTilia sami
ZiriTadi jgufi: (10) _ amZravebi vakuumis bunebrivi warmoqmniT; (11) _
amZravebi vakuumis garegani wyaroTi _ vakuum-tumboTi da (12) _ amZravebi
avtonomiuri vakuumuri meqanizmebiT. sakontaqto rgolur WvriteSi
vakuumis (10) bunebrivad warmoqmnis idea, magaliTad (10′) elastikuri
masaliT an misi sawovarebiT (nax.1.2) [52] (s.m. 543573) xorcieldeba da
- 19 -

- 20 -
maTive mcire simtkicis gamo
araprqtikulia. (11) _ vakuum-
tumboTi da (13) _ wrfivi an (14)
_ wriuli, (15) _ centraluri
da Tundac (16) _ periferiuli
ganlagebis koleqtorebiT gaux-
Soebis Seqmnas (17) _ saerTo
rezervuarSi, misi Semdgomi da-
kavSirebiT sakontaqto zedapir-
Tan (18) _ burTula-zambaruli
sarqvelebiT (nax. 1.3) (p.1054010),
(19) _ mkveTar-gamanawilebliT
(nax. 1.4) [49]; an uSualod (20) _
perforaciebiT [15] (s.m. 1104070)
naklebad saimedoa, vinaidan Tundac erTi elementis (18, 19 an 20) mtyuneba
(an atmosferosTan mokled SerTva) gamoiwvevs gauxSoebis saerTo (17) _
rezervuarSi vakuumis kargvas da Sesabamisad wevis Zalebis arasta-
bilurobas (Semcirebas). rac Seexeba 3, 11, (13 an 14), (15 an 16), 21 sqemebiT
(ix. nax. 1.1) rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis Seqmnis (cxr. 1.1), mravalgziT
nacadi praqtikulad ganxorcielebuli [7, 8] xerxebia.
nax. 1.4
literaturuli wyaroebiT [71, 54, 55] cnobilia, rom blant reJimSi
gazebis (siTxeebis) dinebisas, mrgvali kveTis milsadenebis gamtarunaria

noba ukuproporciul damokidebulebaSia misive sigrZisa da gazis dina-
- 21 -
mikuri siblantis koe-
ficientis. zemoT aR-
niSnulisa da vakuum-
amZravi sadguris (nax.
1.6) [12] (s.m.581030) gare
qselis mixedviT SeiZ-
leba gakeTdes daskvna,
aseTi – koleqtoriani
amZravebis saeqsplua-
tacio da saremonto
xarjebis naklebad eko-
nomikurobaze. Tu do-
lis recipientebis la-
nax. 1.5
birinTebs (nax. 1.7) [11]
(s.m.543572) da koleqtoris moZravi nawilebis hermetizaciis sakiTxsac
gaviTvaliswinebT, naTeli warmosadgeni gaxdeba rTuli da sakmarisad
didi sigrZis vakuum-arxebis mcire (U) gamtarunarianobis gamo gamaux-
Soebeli meqanizmis moqmedebis siswrafisa (S t) da sakontaqto zedapi-
rebsSorisi rgoluri Wvritidan siTxis drenaJirebis (gawovis), anu efeq-
turi amotumbvis siswrafis (S ef) Seusabamod mcire mniSvneloba amZravis
sakontaqto zedapiris xazovan
siCqaresTan. da bolos, ro-
gorc koleqtoriani vakuum-
amZravebis kvlevis Sedegebidan
Cans [5, 17] koleqtori mniSvne-
lovnad amcirebs tumbos gamo-
yenebis koeficients, radgan
amZravis sakontaqto zedapire-
bis rgolur Wvritidan siT-
xis gawova da masSi saWiro
nax. 1.6.
gaiSviaTebis miReba xorcieldeba (recipientebis) rTuli, didi sigrZis
vakuum-arxebis saSualebiT (recipients adgens: vakuum-tumbos gare qseli

[12] (s.m.581030), koleqtoris wrfivi an rgoluri sakani, amZravis torsuli
badros radialuri xvretebi, dolis msaxvelis paraleluri grZivi
nax. 1.7
- 22 -
arxebi masSi CamontaJebuli
gamosacvleli filtrebiT
(nax.1.7) [11] (s.m.543572) da
bolos rgolur WvritesTan
damakavSirebeli perforaci-
ebi an grZivi Rarebi).
motanili krebsiTi
cxrili 1.1, romelSic war-
modgenilia saavtoro mow-
mobis an patentis yvela saxasiaTo varianti, maT Sesabamis grafikul
nawilTan erTad ufro naTels fens problemis aqtualobas.
meoTxe niSnis mixedviT vakuum-
amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis kon-
struqciis niSniT (ix. nax. 1.1) Svidi
ZiriTadi saxea gamokveTili. (29) _ gam-
Woli grZivi WrilebiT (nax.1.8 da 1.9);
(30) _ perforirebuli zedapiriT (ix.
nax. 1.6, 1.7, 1.17, 1.18); (31) _ grZivi Rare-
biani ganapira gawoviT (nax. 1.10, 1.11, 1.12,
1.13, 1.14) ∗ , sadac Rarebi (32) erT rigad
an (33) orrigad – amZravi zedapiris
msaxvelis paraleluradaa ganlagebuli
(mag. nax. 1.12, 1.13, 1.14); sxva konstruq-
ciaSi Rarebi (34) Sevronuli ganlage-
bisaa (mag. nax. 1.11). konstruqciebsa da
nax. 1.9
konstruqciul sqemebSi mravladaa warmodgenili (35) _ grZivi Rarebiani
centraluri gawovis sakontaqto zedapirebi (mag. nax. 1.15, 1.16) da bolos (36)
_ grZivi Rarebiani dolis segmentebisagan Sedgenili zedapirebi (ix. nax. 1.10).
∗ 1.14 naxazSi – vinaidan koleqtori centraluri ganlagebisaa, amitom miiReba centraluri
gawovis imitacia da gansxvavdeba nax. 1.11-ze naCvenebi konstruqciisagan,
vinaidan am konstruqciul sqemaSi koleqtorebi periferiebSia ganlagebuli.

cxrili 1.1.
SeniSvna
sakontaqto
zedapiri
avtorebi
teqstSi
naxazis an
literaturaS
i rigiTi
saavtoro mowmobis
an patentis nomeri
da qveyana
vakuum-amZravebis konstruq-ciis
principialuri sqemis formula
(klasifikaciis rigiTi niSnebis
mixedviT)
nomeri
ri
gi
Ti
#
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1-5; 2-8,9; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-30 gfr pat.# 1028041 [5] perforirebuli 1958w diskuri koleqtori
2 1-5; 2-8,9; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-30 gfr pat.# 1036159 [5] perforirebuli 1959w diskuri koleqtori
3 1-5; 2-8,9; 3-11, 14, 16, 17, 18; 4-30 gfr pat.# 1054010 [5] nax. 1.3 perforirebuli burTula-zambarebiani sarqveli
4 1-5; 2-8,9; 3-11, 14, 15, 21; 4-30 gfr pat.# 1056051 [5] perforirebuli centraluri koleqtori
1957w 1 028 041+Sualeduri amZravis
1-5,6; 2-7; 3-11, 13, 14, 16, 21; 4-31 gfr pat.# 1146028 [5] perforirebuli
5 elementebi
kombinirebuli (grZiv 1953w varskvlava amZravebi firfito-vani
1-6; 2-7; 3-11, 13, 16, 21; 4-31, 36 aSS pat.# 2650695 [5]
6 Rarebiani) rgolurad Sekruli jaWvebiT
7 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-31, 32 ssrk. sm# 280309 [25] nax. 1.12 i. volCeki grZiv Rarebiani 1970w wriuli koleqtori
1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-31, 34 ssrk. sm# 447330 [26] nax. 1.11 i. volCeki, s. smirnovi Sevronuli Rarebi 1975w wriuli koleqtori
8
9 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-36 ssrk. sm# 502805 [28] nax. 1.10 i. volCeki grZivi Rara segmenti 1977w wriuli koleqtori
10 1-5; 2-8; 3-10, 10'; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 543573 [52] nax. 1.2a g. lunevi elastikuri sawovrebi 1977w
11 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 543572 [11] nax. 1.7 k. vasilevi, a. kirpiCevi grZivi Rari, perforacia 1977w RarebSi-filtrebiT
12 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 15, 21; 4-31, 33 ssrk. sm# 580153 [30] nax. 1.14 k. volCeki, v. graCevi grZivi orriga Rarebi 1977w centraluri koleqtoriT
13 1-6; 2-9; 3-11, 13, 16, 17, 20; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 865729 [5] k.vasilevi, d.iungmeisteri perforirebuli 1981wg.b.#35, Sualeduri amZravi
14 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 22, 25; 4-29 ssrk. sm# 132536 [3] nax. 1.8 v. aguSevi da sxv. [2] gamWoli grZivi Wrilebi 1960w elastikuri garsakri
15 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 23, 27; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 475323 [10] nax. 1.18 k. vasilevi, a. kirpiCevi perforirebuli 1975w yvinTia TiTebi
16 1-5; 2-8,9; 3-12, 24, 25; 4-35 ssrk. sm# 543574 [61] nax. 1.15 n. molodini grZivi Rari 1977w
v. musxeliSvili,
1-5; 2-8,9; 3-12, 24, 25; 4-35 ssrk. sm# 676506 [62]
grZivi Rari 1979w miewodeba wyali, saqSenidan
17 a. quTaTelaZe, n. molodini
18 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 28; 4-29 ssrk. sm# 655614 [40] nax. 1.9 i. ermakovi [3] gamWoli grZivi Wrilebi 1979w
19 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 22, 25; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 725965 [58] v. morevi da sxv. perforirebuli 1980w
- 23 -
1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 24, 25; 4-31,32 ssrk. sm# 753727 [57] nax. 1.13 v. morevi da sxv. grZivi Rarebi 1980w
20
21 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 23, 26; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 823238 [13] nax 1.17 k. vasilevi, a. kirpiCevi perforirebuli 1981w el.magnituri amZravi
22 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 23, 25; 4-35 ssrk. sm# 967896 [56] nax.1.16 e. makarovi, v. savenko grZivi Rarebi 1982w
23 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 17, 19; 4-30 _ [49] nax. 1.4 i. kogani perforirebuli 1953wmkveTara gamanawilebliT
24 1-6; 2-9; 3-11, 13, 16, 17, 20; 4-30 ssrk. sm# 1104070 [5] nax. 1.5 k.vasilevi, d.iungmeisteri perforirebuli 1984w.g.b.#27Sualeduri amZravi

sakontaqto zedapirebiT Seqmnil rgolur WvriteSi saWiro da
stabiluri vakuumis miRebis garantia, moZiebuli samecniero-kvleviTi
masalebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gansakuTrebiT koleqtoriani vakuum-amZrave-
- 24 -
bisaTvis SeuZlebelia an nak-
lebad efeqturi. es imiT
aixsneba, rom (hidro)aerodi-
namikuri winaRobebi liTon-
elastomers Soris (rgolur
WvriteSi) gacilebiT didia
(plastikurobisa da drekadi
deformaciis gamo) vidre ko-
leqtoris moZrav kvanZebs
(liToni-liToni) Soris. wina
SromebSi [17, 18, 21] sakontaq-
to rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis formirebis sakiTxi Seiswavleboda sta-
tikaSi, zondirebis meTodiT, amZravisa da sakonveiero lentis zeda-
pirebis rgolur WvriteSi, koleqtoriT, mudmivad CarTuli vakuum-tumbos
magaliTze; rac niSnavs amZravis brunvis sixSiris gauTvaliswineblobas
anu myisieri vakuumis formirebis
cnebis uxeS darRvevas. es sakiTxi
SedarebiT kargadaa warmodgenili
sakvalifikacio naSromSi [60] sadac
dolis brunvis sixSiris mixedviT
miRebulia vakuumis formirebis
oscilogramebi sakontaqto zedapi-
rebis mSrali, zRvruli da sveli
xaxunis pirobebisaTvis. eqsperimen-
tebis Sedegebi naTlad adasturebs
im aucileblobas, rom vakuumis
Semqmneli meqanizmebis, am SemTxve-
vaSi, ukuqceviT-winsvliT moZravi
nax. 1.9
elementebis hermetizaciis xarisxi
nax. 1.10
(msgavsad koleqtoris moZravi nawilebis hermetizaciisa) gacilebiT maRa

li unda iyos, rgoluri Wvritis hermetizaciasTan SedarebiT. unda
aRiniSnos, rom vakuumis sididis oscilogramebi Cawerilia ara uSualod
rgolur WvriteSi, aramed ganivi Rarebis moculobebSi, ris gamoc
SeiZleba oscilogramebis Sedegebsa da sakontaqto zedapirebis rgolur
WvriteSi mimdinare procesebs Soris iyos garkveuli Seusabamoba, Tumca
eqsperimentul monacemebze dayrdnobiT, logikuri analizis safuZvelze
gakeTebulia daskvnebi [60] pirobiT rgolur WvriteSi Tanabrad ganawile-
buli vakuumis warmoqmnis Sesaxeb. amasTan unda SevniSnoT, rom sakiTxis
ufro Rrma analizisaTvis saWiroa elastohidrodinamikis, makroelasto-
hidrodinamikis, histerezisis da adgeziis movlenebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
sakontaqto rgolur da cilindr-dguSis WvriteebSi siTxis (wveTovanis,
airis) moZraobis eqsperimentuli da Teoriuli Seswavla.
nax. 1.11
xaxunis klasikuri Teoriisa da maRali sizustis eqsperimentuli
kvlevebis [54] mixedviT, datvirTvis qveS myofi cilindris elastomerze
srialis xaxunis koeficienti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: adgeziurisa
da histerezisulis, xolo xaxunis ganzogadoebuli koeficienti f/tgδ
warmoadgens wnevisa da drekadobis modulis fardobis (P/E) funqcias.
srialis siCqaris gazrdiT es Tanafardoba praqtikulad ar icvleba.
Sesabamisad, xaxunis ganzogadoebuli koeficienti mSrali xaxunisas
(SezeTvis gareSe) rCeba daaxloebiT erT doneze. grinvudisa da teiboris
- 25 -

[54] mixedviT liTonis elastomerze srialisas an gorvisas erTnair
gavlenas axdens histerezisis movlena. normanma ki xisti cilindris
- 26 -
elastomerze gorvis xaxunis koefi-
cientis kvlevisas Teoriulad
daadgina, rom histerezisiT (defor-
maciiT) [54] ganpirobebuli xaxunis
koeficienti warmoadgens rbili ma-
salis (mag. rezinis) meqanikuri
danakargis kuTxis tangensis rTul
funqcias. xolo xaxunis adgeziuri
mdgenelis gavlena elastomerze
Seiswavla baldJinma da Salamaxma.
maT daskvnebSi aRniSnulia, rom
adgeziuri xaxunis koeficienti
pirdaproporciul
damokidebulebaSia elastomeris
meqanikuri danakargis kuTxis tangesis da ukuproporciulia misi
simagris.
nax. 1.13.
Cveni samuSaos swori mimarTulebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
mamtkicebel faqtad migvaCnia d. muris [54] ganzogadoebuli Teoria
gadajerebulad sveli sakontaqto zedapirebisaTvis. masSi aRniSnulia,

om sakontaqto zedapirebis siTxiT uxvad dasvelebisas, maRali xaxunis
koeficientis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa zedapiridan siTxis mniSvne-
lovani sadrenaJo efeqtis RonisZiebebis Catareba [54]. zemoT motanili
analizis mixedviT, Cveni kvlevis modelad virCevT klasifikaciiT (ix.
nax. 1.1) gaTvaliswinebul vakuum-amZravis Semdeg sqemas: 5, 8, 12, 24, 25,
35+wriuli amonaCarxebi (amZravis sakontaqto zedapiri warmoadgens axal
konstruqcias ix. nax. 1.20T).
nax. 1.15
nax. 1.14
vakuum-amZravebis konstuqciebisa da konstuqciuli sqemebis
klasifikaciam da maTma analizma (Seswavlam) gviCvena, rom sakontaqto
zedapirebs Soris vakuumis Seqmnis qvemoT warmodgenili meqanikuri
modelebi [66] srulad moicavs amZravis rgolur WvriteSi gauxSoebis
dRemde arsebul yvela meTods.
nax. 1.16
- 27 -

pirveli meqanikuri modeliT momuSave vakuum-amZravebi warmoad-
gens (wriul an wrfiv) koleqtorSi amZravis sakontaqto zedapirze da
torsul badroSi (badroebSi) arsebuli vakuum-arxebis erTobliobas
damatebuli vakuum-tumbos Siga da gare qseli koleqtoramde (ix. nax. 1.6).
am modelis sruli daxasiaTeba mocemulia $ 1.2-Si, romlis mixedviT da
mecnieruli debulebebis (ix. Sesavali) zogierTi punqtis gaTvalis-
winebiT recipientebis sirTulisa da tumbos gamoyenebis koeficientis
simciris gamo aRniSnuli modeli naklebad efeqturia.
meore meqanikuri modeliT momuSave vakuum-amZravebi (ix. nax. 1.8.)
vfiqrob arasicocxlisunariania, vinaidan erT elementSi (dolze
Semokrul garsSi) cveTamedegobis, elastikurobis da amonagisaTvis saWi-
ro Tvisebebis SeTavseba SeuZlebelia, xolo Tu es garsi daniSnule-
bisamebr daiSala da ise SeirCa Sesabamisi sakompozicio masalebi, maSin
konstruqcia montaJisa da eqspluataciisaTvis gaumarTleblad rTuli
iqneba. Tumca unda aRiniSnos danarCen modelebTan SedarebiT misi vakum-
arxebis simartive.
nax. 1.17 nax. 1.18
mesame meqanikuri modeliT momuSave vakuum-amZravebi (ix. nax. 1.17.
da 1.18.) muSaunariania da TiTqos eqvemdebareba arxebis TviTgawmendasac,
magram vakuum-arxebis didi sawyisi moculoba, gawmendas daqvemdebare-
- 28 -

uli rTuli formis saknebi da kargvebis SemTxvevaSi vakuumis kompensa-
ciis SeuZlebloba amcirebs aRniSnuli konstruqciis muSaunarianobas.
meoTxe meqanikuri modeliT momuSave vakuum-amZravebSi (ix. nax.
1.15.) rgoluri Wvritis gauxSoeba xdeba cilindr-dguSiani da muSta
meqanizmebiani mowyobilobis gamoyenebiT. misi recipientebis sawyisi
moculoba TiTqmis nulis tolia, xolo gaiSviaTeba amZravis sakontaqto
rgolur WvriteSi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes recipientebis moculobebSi
winaswar miwodebuli wveTovani siTxis gawoviT. gaiSviaTebis es modeli
amcirebs dguSebis svlis sidides, aumjobesebs sakontaqto zedapirze
Tanabrad ganawilebuli gaiSviaTebis Seqmnis pirobas da winamorbedi
mkvlevarebis Sedegebis msgavsad Cvens SemTxvevaSic zrdis vakuumSi
sveli xaxuniT gamowveul weviT Tvisebebs.
am meTodebidan mwevi organos sakontaqto zedapirebis optimalu-
ri parametrebis kvlevisaTvis, virCevT meoTxe meqanikur models, rogorc,
Cveni azriT, yvelaze srulyofils sadac vakuumis formirebisaTvis
gamoyenebulia mravaljer nacadi da mravalmxriv gamocdili, utyuari
moqmedebis, tradiciuli cilindr-dguSiani da muSta meqanizmebiani
mowyobilobebi. garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa konstruqciul upiratesobaSi
aRsaniSnavia vakuum-meqanizmisa da gauxSoebis obieqtis (rgoluri
Wvritis) urTierT kavSiri martivi naxvretis saSualebiT. sakiTxisadmi
kompleqsurad midgomis meTodiT: sakontaqto zedapiri (rgoluri Wvrite)
_ vakuum meqanizmi, vixilavT Tanabrad ganawilebuli gauxSoebis Seqmnis
uzrunvelyofis aucilebel pirobebs:
1) vakuum-tumbos moqmedebis siswrafe (S t) unda eTanadebodes amZravis
sakontaqro zedapirebs Soris rgoluri Wvritidan siTxis (wveTovanis,
gazisebris) srulfasovani drenaJirebis (gawovis) anu obieqtis efeqturi
amotumbvis siswrafis (S ef) uzrunvelyofas.
2) vakuumis wyarosa da amZravis rgoluri Wvritis SemaerTebeli
kvanZis (umjobesia iyos naxvreti da ara rTuli labirinTuli reci-
pienti) gamtaroba (U) unda uzrunvelyofdes vakuumis Smqmneli meqanizmis
gamoyenebis koeficientis (Kt)-s daaxloebiT erTTan tolobas e.i.
K t=S ef/S t≈1 anu K t=U/(U+S t)≈1 rac amZravis kvlevisa da proeqtirebis erT-
erT mniSvnelovan pirobas warmoadgens.
- 29 -

3) amZravis rgoluri Wvritidan siTxis (wveTovanis, gazobrivis)
myisurad gamwovi meqanizmis (vakuum-meqanizmis, vakuum-tumbos koleq-
toris) vakuumuri sistemis hermetizacia unda iyos rgoluri Wvritis
hermetizaciaze ufro srulyofili (maRali monacemebis), amasTan amZravis
sakontaqto zedapirebis parametrebi unda uzrunvelyofdes garemodan
rgolur WvriteSi siTxis minimalur Sewovas.
4) tumbos moqmedebis siswrafe (S t), obieqtis efeqturi amotumbvis
siswrafe (S ef) da maTi SemaerTebeli milsadenebis (naxvretis) gamtaroba
(U) unda ganixilebodes amZravisa da tvirTmzidi lentis Sesabamisi
kuTxuri da xazovani siCqareebis aucilebeli gaTvaliswinebiT.
1.3. vakuumuri amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis
konstruqciebi
warmodgenili vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebisa da konstruqciu-
li sqemebis (ix. nax. 1.1. da cxr. 1.1) Seswavlisas, sakontaqto zedapirebis
konstruqciis niSnis mixedviT gamokveTili Svidi tipidan (nax. 1.1; 29, 30,
32, 33, 34, 35, 36) praqtikuli (laboratoriuli, naxevradsamrewvelo da
samrewvelo) gamocda gaiara: perforirebulma _ (30) da grZivRarebianma _
(31, 32 da 35) sakontaqto zedapirebma. am zedapirebs detalurad ganvi-
xilavT winamdebare Tavis daskvniT nawilSi. qvemoT ki motanilia
danarCeni TiToeuli zedapiris daxasiaTeba-Sefaseba Sesabamis vakuumis
Semqmnel meqanizmTan kompleqsSi:
1. gamWoli grZiWrilebiani (4-29) zedapiris rgolur WvriteSi
vakuumis Seqmna (sqema 1-5; 2-8; 3-12, 22, 25; 4-29; nax.1.8; an 1-5; 2-8; 3-12,28; 4-29;
nax. 1.9) xorcieldeba martivi konstruqciis mowyobilobiT, magram maT
uaryofiT mxareebs warmoadgens: (nax. 1.8)-Tvis sakompozicio masalis –
elastikuri garsis, rogorc amonagis da amave dros vakuumis Semqmnel
elastikad muSaobis SeuZlebloba, gamoyenebis sferoTa fizikuri Tvise-
bebis SeuTavseblobis gamo; (nax.1.9)Tvis – amuSavebisaTvis arasakmarisi
centridanuli Zalis ganviTareba, dolisa da lentis dabali siCqarisas
da vakuumis kargvisas kompensaciis SeuZlebloba. am zedapiris mimarT
- 30 -

Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevebi samcniero literaturul
wyaroebSi ver moviZieT. sapatento fondis miseul wyaroebSi [40] ki
kargadaa gadmocemuli koleqtoriani da zogierTi avtonomiur meqaniz-
miani amZravebis uaryofiTi mxareebi.
2. grZivRarebiani segmentebisagan Sedgenili rkalebi (4-36), romlis
zedapiris rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis Seqmna (sqema 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-
36; nax. 1.10) xorcieldeba vakuum-tumbosa da periferiuli ganlagebis
wriuli koleqtoriT, moZiebuli wyaroebis mixedviT, praqtikulad ar
gamocdila, magram konstruqciuli sqemis Teoriuli da logikuri
analiziT SeiZleba aRvniSnoT misi uaryofiTi mxareebi, ris mixedviT
SeiZleba gakeTdes praqtikulad misi gamoyenebis vargisianoba. kerZod,
segmentebs Sorisi RreCoebis xarjze sakontaqto zedapirebis urTierT
gadafarvis koeficientis kidev ufro Semcireba (es ki gamoiwvevs dolis
zedapirze kuTri normaluri Zalebis sididis gazdas) da dolis
msaxvelis mTel sigrZeze segmentebis RreCoebs Soris lentis CaRunva da
misi modeba dolis rkalis mTel ganiv Wrilze. es faqtebi uaryofiTad
imoqmedebs lentis samsaxuris vadaze. amgvarad gamoyenebis ZiriTadi
dedaazri – lentis TviTgawmendis SesaZlebloba, romlis mixedviT es
konstruqciuli sqemaa cnobili (romelic safuZvlad udevs gamogonebis
formulas), araefeqturia imis gamo, rom am konstruqciaSi wevis Zalebis
realizacia moxdeba ufro uSualo modebiT, vidre garegani xaxuniT.
3. ganapira gawovis SevronulRarebiani (4-31,34) zedapiris or
koleqtoriani vakuum-dolis konstruqciuli sqema (nax. 1.11) Seqmnilia
lentis centrirebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. centrirebis piroba SeiZleba
marTlac gaumjobesdes, magram SevronulRarebiani zedapiris rgolur
WvriteSi, sadac gauxSoeba xorcieldeba (sqema. 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-31,
34. nax. 1.11) wriuli koleqtorisa da vakuum-tumbos saSualebiT, mTeli
vakuum-sistemis hermetizaciis uzrunvelyofis mizniT saWiroa amZravidan
lentis Camoqanebisa da swrafobis ubnebSi, TiTo wyvili Sevronuli
Raris amorTva. Rarebis amorTva gamoiwvevs vakuumis gavrcelebis zonis
Semcirebas, rac dauSvebelia gansakuTrebiT rgoluri Wvritis drekadi
srialis rkalisaTvis [60]. aRniSnulis gamo Sevronul Rarebiani
sakontaqto zedapirebi, vfiqrob ara racionaluria.
- 31 -

4. vakuum-doli misi msaxvelis paraleluri, or rigi, ganapira
gawovis grZivRarebiani zedapiriT (4-31, 33) da koleqtoruli rgolis
centraluri ganlagebiT (nax. 1.14). gaiSviaTebis es sqema (1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 15,
21) Seiqmna sakontaqto rgolur WvriteSi Tanabrad ganawilebuli vakuu-
mis formirebis mizniT. es konstruqciuli sqema faqtiurad imuSavebs,
rogorc centraluri gawovis grZivRariani vakuum-doli. magram am
sqemaSic rCeba koleqtoriani da rTuli _ labirinTebiani recipientebi.
amasTan doli Sesdgeba ori cilindrisagan, romelTa Soris ganlage-
bulia lentis ara muSa zedapiris figuruli nawili. mZlavri sakon-
veiero amZravebisaTvis aseTi konstruqciis doli miuRebelia [78, 79] misi
konstruqciuli araracionalurobis gamo. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom mis
lilvsa da rgolur Wvriteze imoqmedebs ramodenime aTasi kilovati
simZlavris Sesabamisi mgrexi momenti. wina kvleviT samuSaoebSi [60]
miniSnebulia centraluri gamwovi naxvretebis anu „dabali vakuumis“
centralur nawilSi ganlagebis konstuqciul upiratesobaze. am
WeSmaritad realur faqtzea damyarebuli (nax. 1.15) [61, 62] da misi
Semdgomi, gviani periodis saavtoro mowmobebi (ix. nax. 1.14 da 1.16 da sxv.).
miuxedavad aRniSnuli sakiTxis wina planze wamowevisa ganxiluli
konstruqciuli (ix. nax. 1.14) sqema, vakuumis Seqmnis rTuli sistemisa da
sakontaqto zedapiris fizikuri arasrulyofili konstruqciis gamo,
iTvleba kvlevis sust obieqtad.
5. vakuum-doli msaxvelis paraleluri, erT rigi ganapira gawovis
grZivRarebiani (4-31, 32) zedapiriT da erT periferiul koleqtoriani
vakuum-arxebiT (recipientebiT) (sqema: 1-5; 2-8; 3-11, 14, 16, 21; 4-31, 32; nax.
1.12), warmoadgens lenturi konveieris saTavo dolur vakuum-amZravs, misi
parametrebis Seswavlis pirvel obieqts, romelzec Catarda farTomasS-
tabiani kvleviTi samuSaoebi [22]. ris Sedegad gamovlinda vakuum-dolis
mravali upiratesoba. es Sedegebi Semdgom kvlevebSi [21, 60] kidev ufro
gamoikveTa da bevrad ufro aRmatebuli mniSvnelobebi miiRo. adreuli
kvlevis monacemebi warmodgenilia samecniero literaturul wyaroebSi
[92]. zogierTi gviani Sedegi ki motanili iqneba winamdebare naSromSic.
paragrafis dasawyisSi aRvniSneT, rom detaluri ganxilvis obieq-
tad migvaCnia grZivRarebiani da perforirebuli zedapirebi, maTi Teo-
- 32 -

iuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevebis dawvrilebiTi analizi. Sedegebi
warmodgenilia am paragrafis (6) da (7) punqtebSi.
6. vakuum-doli msaxvelis paraleluri, erTrigi, centraluri
gawovis grZivRarebiani zedapiriT (4-35) da rgolur WvriteSi avtonomiur
vakuumur meqanizmebiani (avm) gauxSoebis wyaroTi (sqema: 1-5; 2-8, 9; 3-12, 24,
25; 4-35; nax. 1.15) warmoadgens pirvel avm amZravs, _ obieqts, romelzedac
gakeTda Semajamebeli kvleviTi samuSaoebi [60]. naSromis Sedegebis mixed-
viT, daskvniT nawilSi, aRniSnulia centraluri gawovis grZiv Rarebiani
(35) sakontaqto zedapiris upiratesoba ganapira gawovis grZivRarebianTan
(31) SedarebiT; pirveladaa Catarebuli rgoluri Wvritis vakuumuri
zonis upiratesi adgilmdebareobis Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli dasabu-
Teba [60]; Semotanilia cnebebi vakuum-amZravis sakuTari wevis faqtorisa
da lentis optimaluri sawyisi (Camoqanebis Stos) daWimulobis Sesaxeb
(S C ≤2pRB). aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtoric, rom amave naSromSi
gakeTebulia mimdinare paragrafis me-5 da me-6 punqtebSi ganxiluli
sakontaqto zedapirebis tipebis erTnairi tipzomis vakuum-dolebis wevis
Zalebis analizi (ix. nax. 1.19). nax. 1.19a-ze mocemulia [22, 32] kvlevis
Sedegebi. nax. 1.19b-ze warmodgenilia imave dolis weviTi Tvisebebi,
specialuri samarjvebiT (TamasebiT) centraluri gawovis imitaciis
gakeTebis Semdeg [60]. nax. 1.19g-ze ki igive tipzomis stu-s samTo
manqanebis, maRaros stacionaruli danadgarebisa da transportis
kaTedris laboratoriaSi Seqmnili centraluri gawovis grZivRarebian
wrfiv koleqtorian vakuum-dolze Sesrulebuli eqsperimentebiT
miRebuli weviTi Tvisebebi [60].
warmodgenili Sedegebis mixedviT centraluri gawovis grZivRare-
biani zedapiris mqone vakuum-dolis wevis Zalebi TiTqmis samjer aRe-
mateba (ix. nax. 1.19g; p=608 mm.v.wy.sv; S sw=2800 dkn, S C=200 dkn) ganapira
gawovis grZivRarebiani zedapiris vakuum-dolis wevis Zalebs (ix. nax.
1.19a; p=600 mm.v.wy.sv.; S sw=950dkn., S C=200dkn). garda aRniSnulisa, yuradsa-
Rebia is faqtic, romelic SeiniSneba nax. 1.19a-ze, kerZod, sawyisi daWimu-
lobis (S C) zrdiT 0-dan raRac mniSvnelobamde mcired, magram mainc,
vakuumis TiTqmis yvela sididisTvis mcirdeba, swrafobis wertilSi
lentis daWimuloba, xolo Semdeg zogierT SemTxvevaSi kvlav matulobs.
- 33 -

g)
b)
a)
Sнб, даH
1500
P=200mmHg
1
F0,kg
3800
608
P=0,8 bar
2
P=600mmHg
Sc =400 H
б да
P=500
900
P=450
P=130
3000
bar 340
P=0,526
800
3
P=400
P=300
1000
Sc =200 H
б
да
304
P=0,41 bar
P=200
700
P=350
600
Sc =100 H
б да
Sc б=0
2000
200
P=0,263 bar
P=130
P=250
P=300
P=130mmHg
P=200
500
- 34 -
500
400
Sc б=0
P=0
1000
P=0
300
200
P,kgZ/sm 2
152 304 456 608
0,1(76) 0,3(228) 0,5(380) 0,7(532) 0,9(684)
0
50 100 120
S0,kg
0 50 100 150 200
nax. 1.19

es movlena ar aRiniSneba nax. 1.19b da g-ze dafiqsirebul
eqsperimentebis SedegebSi, rac migvaniSnebs imaze, rom `Wvrituli
elastikuri modebiT” wevis Zalebis realizacia (amZravis muSaobisas,
gansakuTrebiT, rodesac S C≠0) an ar arsebobs an umniSvneloa. am sakiTxis
analizsa da naTelmofenas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda Cvens mier
SemoTavazebul axali konstuqciis sakontaqto zedapiris damuSaveba-
Seqmnisas da lentis resursebis angariSisas.
7. perforirebul zedapiriani (4-30) konstruqciis vakuum-amZravebi
warmoadgens kvlevis erT-erT saintereso obieqts (1-5 an 1-6; 2-7, 2-8 an 2-9;
3-10, 3-11 an 3-12), romelic gamoyenebulia vakuum-amZravebis TiTqmis yvela
konstruqciuli niSnis SemTxvevaSi. amiT aixsneba mecnierul kvlevebSi
[21, 19, 20, 93] maTze vrclad warmodgenili naSromebi, rogorc vakuumis
formirebis aseve amZravisa da moqnili sawevi organos uerTierTqmedebis
sakiTxebze. Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevebis bolo monacemebis
mixedviT [93] Seiqmna da gamoicada Sualeduri vakuum-amZravi, romelmac
erTxel kidev TvalsaCinod daadastura rgoluri Wvritis gauxSoebaze
momuSave amZravebis upiratesoba sxva amZravebTan SedarebiT. unda
aRiniSnos, rom dRemde warmodgenil yvela kvleviT samuSaoSi miTiTe-
bulia wevis Zalebis mniSvnelovan wilze, romelic dolis sakontaqto
zedapirze lentis Wvrituli modebiT „elastikuri kbilanuri modebiT“
xorcieldeba. es movlena arasasurvelia amZravis normaluri muSaobis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis da yvelanairi RonisZiebaa mosaZebni da misaRebi,
raTa wevis Zalebis realizacia xdebodes garegani xaxuniT, amasTan,
sakontaqto zedapirze rgolur WvriteSi maqsimaluri da Tanabrad
ganawilebli vakuumis pirobebSi. SromebSi miTiTebulia, rom gaiSvia-
Tebis garegan wyarod gamoyenebul vakuum-tumboebs SeuZlia 70-80 kpa-is
gaiSviaTebis uzrunvelyofa [20]. literaturul wyaroebSi [19] isic
cnobilia, rom raRac mizezebis dros da arc Tu ise iSviaTad,
sakontaqto zedapirze vakuumi mcirdeba 5÷10 kpa-mde. es ki imaze
miuTiTebs, rom gamauxSoebeli meqanizmis, magaliTad tumbos gamoyeneba
arasrulfasovania. Cvens mier moZiebuli masalebis mixedviT ki misi
stabilizaciisa da amaRlebis SesaZlebloba mniSvnelovania. amis realur
magaliTs warmoadgens Tundac nax.1.19-ze warmodgenili Sedegebi.
- 35 -

viTvaliswinebT ra yovelive zemoTTqmuls, vizualurad, winaswari
analizis gaadvilebis mizniT, sakontaqto zedapirebis arsebuli
konstruqciebis Svidive tipis ilustraciisaTvis mogvyavs maTi
gamokveTili fragmentebi (nax. 1.20 a, b, g, d, e, v, z). arsebuli Teoriuli,
eqsperimentuli kvleviTi masalebisa da sakontaqto zedapirebis
konstruqciebisa da konstruqciuli sqemebis analizis safuZvelze Cvens
mier SemoTavazebulia amZravebis axali sakontaqto zedapiri wriuli
amonaCarxisa (perforaciis msgavsi aragamWoli) da grZivi Raris sinTezis
saxiT (nax. 1.20 T).
nax. 1.20
- 36 -
d
T

1.4. sakontaqto zedapirebis rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis
formirebisadmi miZRvnili samuSaoebis analizi
vakuumis cneba fizikasa da teqnikaSi ganisazRvreba, rogorc
gazis mdgomareoba, atmosferulze gacilebiT dabali wnevis pirobebSi
e.i. vakuumi raodenobrivad ganisazRvreba gazis absoluturi wneviT.
vakuumis fizikaSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi postulatebi Camoyalibebulia
Semdegi saxiT:
1. gazi Sesdgeba calkeuli molekulebisagan;
2. arsebobs, siCqaris mixedviT, gazis molekulebis mudmivi ganawi-
leba, anu molekulebis erTnairi ricxvi yovelTvis erTsa da imave
siCqares flobs;
3. gazis molekulebis moZraobisas ar arsebobs upiratesi mimarTu-
leba anu gazis molekulebis sivrce izotropulia;
4. gazis temperatura warmoadgens misi molekulebis saSualo kineti-
kuri energiis sazoms;
5. myari tanis zedapirTan urTierTqmedebisas gazis molekula
adsorbcirdeba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom vakuumSi mimdinare mravali fizi-
kuri procesi mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli molekulebis recipientebis
kedlebze dajaxebaTa saSualo ricxvisa (K k) da molekulebis urTierT
dajaxebaTa ricxvis (K m) fardobaze _ K kn= K k/K m; K kn _ aris knudsenis
kriteriumis uganzomilebo koeficienti, romlis mixedviT ganisazRvreba
vakuumis xarisxi: dabali, saSualo, maRali da zemaRali.
dabali vakuumis dros K kn1, da L/d ef>>1 am pirobisaTvis
sakmarisia absoluturi wnevis mniSvneloba p v araumetes 10 -9 pa.
amgvarad, unda vigulisxmoT, rom vakuum-amZravebSi Seqmnili
- 37 -

gauxSoeba dabali da saSualo vakuumis xarisxis zRvrebSia knudsenis
kriteriumis mixedviT da gauxSoebiT miRebuli dolze lentis miWeris
kuTri Zala (0,1÷0,95)×10 5 paskalis farglebSia moqceuli.
vakuum-amZravebis Teoriis kvleviT samuSaoebSi [39, 21, 22] sakon-
taqto rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis Tanabari ganawileba gaTvalis-
winebulia dolis rogorc ganivi, aseve wriuli mimarTulebiT. Tumca, [22,
32] SromebSi xazgasmiTaa miTiTebuli lentis da vakuum-dolis sakon-
taqto zedapirebis, „elastikur kbilanur modebaze“, rac ewinaaRmdegeba
vakuumis Tanabari ganawilebis pirobas. amgvarad, aRniSnul SromebSi
gauxSoebis Tanabrad ganawilebis idea araviTar mamtkicebel debulebebs
ar Seicavs, piriqiT, „elastikuri kbilanuri modebiT“ ufro met
winaaRmdegobaSi vardeba.
perforirebul sakontaqto zedapiriani vakuum-dolis kvlevebSi
[21] miTiTebulia winamorbed mkvlevarTa uzustobebi, romlebic oTxi
punqtis saxiTaa Camoyalibebuli [21]. samuSao miznad isaxavda vakuum-
dolis recipientebSi gazis molekulebis moZraobis winaaRmdegobis
Teoriuli SeswavliT sakontaqto rgolur WvriteSi Teoriuli gaux-
Soebis gansaRzRvras da Semdgom mis eqsperimentulad Semowmebas. warmod-
genilia vakuum-dolis sistemaSi narCeni wnevis cvlilebis ganmsazRvreli
formulebi: haeris turbulenturi moZraobisas, sworkuTxa formis grZivi
RarebisaTvis, wriuli kveTis recipientebisaTvis, sakontaqto rgolur
WvriteSi vakuum-dolis perforaciebis irgvliv da SemoTavazebulia
gasaSualoebuli Teoriuli wnevaTa sxvaobis ganmsazRvreli formula,
romliTac dolis zedapirs awveba lenti. miRebuli normaluri Zalebis
safuZvelze gansazRvrulia amZravi vakuum-dolis weviTi SesaZlebloba
(W 0) da mocemulia formula haeris politropuli procesiT gafar-
Toebaze momuSave vakuum-tumbos mwarmoeblobis (Q) gansazRvrisaTvis.
W 0= S C(e fα -1)+ K1P3[0.8K2Rα´B+mnF1(1-K2)]( e fα′ -1)/736α´
Q=60K d(V arxα´+ V kolα″) × 2.3 lgP s /P b /Rα″t
am gamosaxulebebSi:
K1 _ aris koeficienti, romelic axasiaTebs wnevis cvalebadobas
vakuum-dolis vakuum sistemis Semaval miltuCsa da misi sakontaqto
zedapiris perforacias Soris;
- 38 -

K2 _ koeficienti, iTvaliswinebs rgoluri Wvritis nebismier
wertilSi vakuumis vardnis xarisxs, am wertilis gaiSviaTebis zonis
centridan (perforaciidan) daSorebis Sesabamisad;
P3 _ vakuummetris Cveneba, mm.vr.wy.sv;
R _ amZravi vakuum-dolis radiusi, sm;
m _ perforaciis ricxvi msaxvelis gaswvriv-recipientebze;
n _ recipientebis ricxvi rgolur WvriteSi;
α´ _ rgolur WvriteSi centraluri kuTxe, romelzec iqmneba vakuumi;
α″ _ vakuum-dolis or mezobel recipients Soris biji;
F1 _ perforaciis farTobi, sm 2 ;
B _ lentis sigane, sm;
K d _ koeficienti iTvaliswinebs, rgoluri Wvritidan da vakuum-
sistemis sxva RreCoebidan Sewovili haeris raodenobas;
V arx _ erTi Raris erTeulovani vakuum-sistemis, _ recipientis
moculoba;
wnevebi.
V kol _ koleqtoris saknis moculoba;
R _ politropiis maCvenebeli;
t _amotumbvis dro;
P s da P b _ amZravi vakuum-dolis recipientebSi sawyisi da saboloo
eqsperimetul nawilSi perforaciebs Soris sakontaqto zedapirze
vakuumis gazomva warmoebda zondirebis saSualebiT da miRebuli Sedegi
udardeboda koleqtoris win vakuum-tumbos qselSi CarTuli vakuummet-
ris Cvenebas. eqsperimentebi Sesrulebulia sxvadasxva sididis vakuumisa
da sakonveiero lentis daWimulobisas, agreTve mSrali da sveli sakon-
taqto rgoluri Wvritis SemTxvevebisaTvis. mimdinareobda dakvirvebebi
gavlenaze, romelsac axdenda lentis sixiste da daWimuloba Tanabrad
ganawilebuli vakuumis formirebaze. gakeTebulia Teoriuli da eqsperi-
mentuli Sedegebis analizi da miRebulia Sesabamisi daskvnebic.
magram sakontaqto zedapiris konfiguracia da misi parametrebic
gansazRvrulia mxolod amZravis konstruqciuli (koleqtoris saknis
zomebi, recipientebis biji da a.S.) mosazrebiT, sadac ar figurirebs
- 39 -

iseTi aucilebeli parametrebi rogorebicaa dolis brunvis sixSire,
koleqtoruli rgolis hermetizaciis xarisxi, vakuum-tumbos gare
qselisa da sakuTriv vakuum-dolis recipientebis haeris gamtarunaria-
noba naSromSi [21] warmodgenili ∇R=55×10 -3 sm sisqis rgoluri Wvritis
SemTxvevaSic ki koleqtoruli rgolis RreCos (liToni-liTonTan)
aerodonamikuri winaRoba gacilebiT mcire iqneba amZravis sakontaqto
rgolur Wvritis winaRobasTan SedarebiT, rac sagrZnoblad gazrdis K d-
koeficients (ix. vakuum-tumbos mwarmoeblurobis gamosaxuleba) da
araracionalurs gaxdis konstruqcias. daskvnebSi naTqvamia, rom sveli
rgoluri Wvritis SemTxvevaSi umjobesdeba vakuum-dolisa da lentis
CaWidulobis piroba, vakuumis zonis hermetizaciis amaRlebis xarjze.
Cveni mosazrebebi am sakiTxze srulad emTxveva xaxunis klasikur
Teorias da ganxilulic gvaqvs Tanabrad ganawilebuli gauxSoebis
Seqmnis uzrunvelyofis aucilebel pirobebSi. (ix. I Tavis $ 1.2 daskvniTi
nawili; oTxi piroba).
vakuum-amZravebis rgolur Wvriteebsa da friqciul sakontaqto
farTobebze gauxSoebis formirebis procesis aRwerisadmi miZrvnil
SromebSi [18, 19, 20, 17, 93] gamoyenebulia reinoldsis, prandtlis da
nusseltis kriteriumebi [93], xolo laboratoriuli eqsperimentebi-
saTvis, statikur reJimSi tardeboda zondirebis meTodiT vakuumis
sididis gazomva perforaciebsa, grZiv RarebSi da maT Soris sakontaqto
farTobebze, rac ar Seesabameba vakuumis myisurad formirebis realur
suraTs.
vakuum-tumbos Teoriuli mwarmoeblobis ganmsazRvreli formula
warmodgenilia vakuum-arxebSi (recipientebSi-milsadenebSi) haeris moZ-
raobis winaaRmdegobis gauTvaliswineblad da aqvs saxe [20].
V
Q =
t
0
p
ln
p
sadac, V a _ aris gasauxSoebeli (obieqtis) aparatis moculoba;
a
- 40 -
1
2
t 0 _ gasauxSoebeli moculobidan amotumbvis dro (da ara
moZravi recipientis koleqtoris sakanSi yofnis dro (t m=L s.f/v,), sadac
L s.f._ Sualedi amZravis sigrZea; v _ amZravis brtyelas moZraobis siCqare).
p 1 da p 2 _ aparatSi sawyisi da saboloo wneva.

am Sromebis naklovan mxareebSi SeiZleba srulad aRvniSnoT
igive, rac warmodgenilia zemoT [21] Sromis analizisas.
miuxedavad sadisertacio naSromSi [60] Catarebuli Teoriuli da
eqsperimetuli kvlevebisa, romelic mieZRvna sakontaqto rgolur
WvriteSi mimdinare procesebs, mainc mcire yuradReba aqvs daTmobili
avtonomiur vakuumur meqanizmebiani (avm) amZravebis sakontaqto zedapi-
rebis mTel farTobze vakuumis gavrcelebis xasiaTis Teoriul
Seswavlas. naSromSi [60] miTiTebulia, rom vakuumi mTel sakontaqto
zedapirze Tanabrad vrceldeba imis gamo, rom zedapirebis makro
moculobebi da vakuum-arxebi (Sevsilia) dasvelebulia siTxiT, romelis
gawoviT xdeba vakuumis Seqmna rgoluri Wvritis mTel farTobze.
mtkiceba sarwmunoa, da mainc vakuumis gavrcelebis siCqarisa da xasiaTis
Teoriuli Seswavla am SemTxvevaSic aqtualuria da kvlevis saintereso
amocanas warmoadgens. Cveni azriT mxolod am amocanis srulfasovani
gadawyveta mogvcems vakuum-amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis optima-
luri parametrebis gansazRvris meTodikas. sadisertacio naSromSi [60]
warmodgenili saerTo daskvnebi, rogorebicaa: 1) axali meTodiT vakuumis
Seqmna; 2) centraluri gawovis martiv recipientebiani avm-iani amZravis
upiratesoba; 3) vakuumis formirebis zonad “SedarebiTi simSvidis rka-
lis” aRiareba; 4) vakuum-amZravebis gamoyenebis efeqtur zonad S C≤2pRB _
programuli (lentis sawyisi) daWimulobis miCneva; 5) “drekadi srialis
rkalze” myisuri “saSualo” sididis vakuumis (ix. 2.5 paragrafis
dasawyisi) SenarCunebiT, amZravisaTvis SesaZlebeli yvelaze didi weviTi
Tvisebebis uzrunvelyofa; 6) rom vakuum-amZravi xasiaTdeba sakuTari
wevis faqtorebiT _ S sw/pRB savsebiT misaRebia da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT
virCevT Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Semdgom etaps. am etapis
ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens (vakuumis wyarosTan da vakuum-amZravTan
kompleqsSi) sakontaqto zedapiris racionaluri konstruqciisa da misi
optimaluri parametrebis saangariSod iseTi meTodikis damuSaveba,
romelic marTebuli iqneba Tanamedrove nebismieri standartuli tip-
zomis sakonveiero (vakuum-) amZravis saangariSod.
axali sakontaqto zedapiris yvela parametris angariSi da maTi
Semdgomi Semowmeba eqvemdebareba Cvens mier SerCeuli bazisuri vakuum-
- 41 -

dolis (ix. Sesavlis daskvniTi nawili) misadagebas da Semdgom miRebuli
axali, _ modificirebuli amZravis iteraciul gaangariSebas, romelmac
saSualebaa mogvca Segveqmna amZravis sakontaqto zedapiris geometriuli
zomebisa da sxva aucilebeli parametrebis gaangariSebis meTodika.
1.5. daskvnebi da kvlevis Semdgomi amocanebi
literaturuli da sapantento mokvlevis safuZvelze miRebuli
Sedegebidan daskvnebis saxiT gamovyaviT vakuum-amZravebis konstruirebis
ramdenime yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, xolo sakontaqto rgolur
WvriteSi Tanabrad ganawilebuli vakuumis miRebisaTvis kvlevis
amocanebi
daskvnebi:
1. vakuumis formirebis erT-erT perspeqtiul teqnologiur sqemas
warmoadgens, umartivesi recipientebiTa da avm-is rgolur WvritesTan
SemaerTebeli moxerxebuli kvanZebiT aRWurvil avtonomiuri vakuum
meqanizmebiani (avm) vakuum-amZravebis konstruqciebSi mimdinare gaux-
Soebis procesi;
2. vakuumis Seqmnis efeqtur (α ef) zonad miviRoT, “SedarebiTi
simSvidis” rkali (dguSis svlis sidideze damokidebulebiT
α ef≈(0,05÷0,2)⋅α g ), xolo wevis Zalebis realizaciis efeqtur sakontaqto
ubnad “drekadi srialis rkali~, sadac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi uzrun-
velyofili unda iyos vakuumis kargvebis kompensacia.
3. avm-iani vakuum-dolis rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis formireba da
misi Tanabrad ganawileba unda ganvixiloT kompleqsurad, avm-iani
dolis brunvis sixSirisa da dguSis svlis sididis gaTvaliswinebiT.
4. yvela teqnikuri moTxovna, romelic Camoyalibebulia naSromSi
[60], mizanSewonilad migvaCnia vakuum-amZravis konstruirebis nebismieri
etapisaTvis.
- 42 -

5. vakuumis Seqmnis uxelsayreles pirobas warmoadgens recipien-
tebSi Caketili siTxis adiabaturi an hiperadiabaturi gafarToeba,
romlis dros optimaluri sididis gauxSoveba p=(0,9-0,95)⋅10 5 pa.
6. vakum-amZravis sakontaqto zedapiris konstruqcia unda uzrun-
velyofdes rgoluri Wvritis hermetizaciis aucilebel pirobebs: avm-
ebis urTierT damoukidebel muSaobas (ar unda xdebodes mezobeli
recipientebidan siTxis gawova) da lentis napirebidan (haeris) siTxis
SeuRwevadobas.
kvlevis amocanebi:
1. konstuirebis TvalsazrisiT rgoluri Wvritis sakontaqto
zedapirebze xaxunis wyvilSi liToni_sakonveiero lenti (elastomeri),
friad mniSvnelovania imis codna, Tu ra pirobebia moWarbebuli
(gabatonebuli) SezeTva Tu mSrali xaxuni. Sesabamisad Seswavlili unda
iqnes hidrodinamikur, zRvrul da drekadhidrodinamikur reJimebSi
siTxis (wveTovanis an haeris) moZraobis kanonzomiereba.
2. rgolur WvriteSi xaxunis Zalis warmomSobi meqanizmis
ganxilva unda moxdes inJinruli kvlevisaTvis sruliad misaReb
makroskopul doneze, SedarebiT uxeSi, magram sarwmuno (damajerebeli)
modelis safuZvelze (simqise gaizomos mm-Si).
3. unda damuSavdes meTodika, romelic saSualebas mogvcems
viangariSoT sakontaqto zedapiris optimaluri parametrebi: vakuum-
arxebis biji -_ t, sakonveiero lentis sayrdeni segmentis sigane _δ,
Raris sigane _ β, perforaciis diametri _ a da a.S.
4. miRebuli Teoriuli Sedegebisa da ZiriTadi parametrebis
Semowmeba laboratoriis fizikur da kompiuterul modelze.
- 43 -

Tavi II. sakonveiero amZravebis kvanZebis moxaxune
zedapirebis makrosimqisis Seswavla da analizi
2.1 zedapirebis topografiis (teqsturis) Seswavlis
meTodebi da parametrebi
xaxunis procesis erT-erT saintereso sakiTxs warmoadgens
zedapirebis meqanikuri urTierTqmedebis buneba. aRniSnul sakiTxze
Tundac mxolod warmodgenis SeqmnisaTvis saWiroa zedapirebis
teqsturis Seswavla, risTvisac saWiroa simqisis gazomvis meTodikis
SerCeva. arsebobs simqisis gazomvis: meqanikuri, hidravlikuri da
optikuri meTodebi [54, 55].
zedapirebis topografiis daxasiaTebisaTvis, saWiroa misi aucile-
beli parametrebis dazusteba. dReisaTvis cnobilia erTparametriani
modelis 12 varianti; maTgan yvelaze pirveli iyo 1933 wels nikuraZis
mier SemoTavazebuli. mkvlevarebi imedovnebdnen, rom erTparametriani
modelirebiT SeiZleboda zedapiris profilis sruli aRwera, magram ver
SeTanxmdnen Tu, romeli iqneboda amisaTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi para-
metri. zedapirebis daxasiaTebisaTis erTparametriani modelirebis
arasrulfasovnebaSi darwmunebis Semdeg ruzis, muris da sxva mkvle-
varTa mier SemoTavazebuli iyo sam-sam parametriani modelebi; ufro
mogvianebiT zedapiris teqsturis srulyofili aRwerisaTvis murma
Camoayaliba (mkafiod gamoxatuli) xuTi parametrisagan Sedgenili
modeli. arsebobs zedapiris teqsturis aRweris sxva meTodebic,
magaliTad, ebbotis “sayrdeni zedapiris” cnobili mrudi, romelic
warmoadgens zedapiris uswormasworobebis Sua sibrtyis mimarT Sveri-
lebisa da Rrmulebis procentul ganawilebas [54, 55].
amgvarad zedapiris geometriis sruli daxasiaTebisaTvis, zogierTi
calkeuli SemTxvevisaTvis, sakmarisia sam parametriani modelireba,
xolo zedapiris teqsturis gansakuTrebulobebis zogadi aRwerisaTvis
ki xuTi Semdegi parametria SemoTavazebuli: 1. zoma; 2. forma; 3. Sve-
rilebs Soris manZili; 4. uswormasworobebis pikebis mikrosimqise; 5. us-
- 44 -

wormasworobebis simaRleTa ganawileba. CamoTvlilTagan pirveli sami,
teqsturis aRwerisaTvis aucilebelia. aRniSnulis gamo ruzis da muris
mier erTimeorisagan damoukideblad SemoTavazebuli iyo Semdegi
parametrebi: 1. zomis faqtori _ ε/L; 2. formis faqtori _ shr/ε (shr-
saSualo hidravlikuri radiusi) da 3. Sverilebs Soris manZilis
faqtori _ (1-a/aS): sadac ε-aris zedapiris uswormasworobebis Sverilis
simaRle (iTvleba mudmivad [54]), shr-ganisazRvreba siTxis nakadisaTvis
arxis tipur monakveTze (nakadis zedapiris farTobis SefardebiT svel
perimetrTan); L _ warmodgenili profilis sigrZea, a _ “plato” anu L×L
zedapiris Sverilebis wveroebis saerTo (jamuri) farTobi; aS-zedapiris
nominaluri farTobi anu L 2 .
zedapiris Sverilebis simaRlis cvalebadoba naTlad aisaxeba kon-
turuli grafikebis saSualebiT [54], romelic SeiZleba aigos samgan-
zomilebiani tvifris moculobiTi replikebis (mikroreliefis gamomxat-
veli Txeli apkis) saSualebiT. replikebis miReba SeiZleba Sesaswavl
zedapirze mastikis CawnexviT (magaliTad aralditis [55]) an meieris
meTodiT _ Sesaswavl zedapirze aluminis folgis (kilitas) furclis
moTavsebiT, masze Semdgomi _ rezinis sadebiT dartymiTi moqmedebiT.
sakontrolo zedapirebis uwesrigo teqsturis gamo, misi aRweri-
saTvis sayovelTaod miRebulia maTi warmodgena idealuri formis erT
an SverilTa jgufad; miRebulia kubis, konusis da sferos formis
Sverilebi. arsebobs azri sxva idializebul formebze: kubi, piramida da
naxevarsfero [54]. realuri zedapiris warmodgenisaTvis, umjobesia yvela
formis Sverilis (kubis, konusis piramidis...) erT modelSi gaerTianeba.
arsebobs sxva mniSvnelovani Sexedulebebic [54]. aRniSnulis gamo Camoya-
libebulia moTxovnebi teqsturis (profilis) uwesrigobebis SezRudvaze.
Cveni samuSaos Sinaarsis mixedviT mniSvnelovan moTxovnas warmoadgens
zedapirze drenaJirebis Tvisebebis SenarCuneba, risTvisac aucilebelia,
rom sarini arxebi ar iyos Zalian grZeli da amasTan Zalian Rrma.
deriaginis kvlevebis mixedviT `siTxis moculobiTi Tvisebebi ikar-
geba mxolod RreCos (arxis) 0,1 mkm-mde Semcirebis Semdeg~ [71]; n. pet-
rovma aseT RreCoebSi siTxis moZraobis laminarulobis daSvebis samarT-
lianoba daamtkica; liTonebis meqanikurad damuSavebisas ki maTi
- 45 -

zedapirebis geometriis Seswavlam [33] makrosimqisis zomebis Semdegi
xarisxobrivi monacemebi uCvena: saxarato Caxze Carxvisas _ 0,25÷2,0 mm;
xexvisas _ 12,0÷75,0 mkm; wminda xexvisas _ 2,0÷25,0 mkm; gaprialebisas _ 0,2
mkm. Tu imasac aRvniSnavT, rom vakuum-amZravebis lentTan sakontaqto
zedapiris damuSaveba xdeba CarxviT da sxva meqanikuri operaciebiT,
maSin aRniSnulze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom
sakonveiero lentTan warmoqmnil WvriteSi siTxis moZraoba ZiriTadad
iqneba laminaruli, SenarCunebuli iqneba siTxis moculobiTi Tvisebebi,
xolo WvriteSi siTxis dinebis angariSisaTvis SeiZleba visargebloT
ukumSvadi blanti siTxis moZraobis cnobili gantolebebiT.
2.2 vakuum-amZravebis xaxunis kvanZebis sakontaqto zedapirebis
daxasiaTeba
vakuum-amZravebis xaxunis kvanZebi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva
sakompozicio masalebis konstruqciuli SeTanwyobis saxiT. am kvanZebis
sakontaqto, urTierTis mimarT mimoZravi zedapirebiT xdeba arxebsa
(recipientebsa) da rgolur WvriteebSi vakuumis Seqmnac da garkveuli
periodiT misi SenarCunebac. dRemde cnobil vakuum-amZravebSi, SeiZleba
gamoiyos xaxunis sami ZiriTadi kvanZi:
1. nebismieri konstruqciis koleqtori, romliTac xdeba vakuumis
gare wyarosTan (vakuum-tumbosTan) vakuum-amZravis muSa recipientebis
dakavSireba.
2. amZravisa da lentis sakontaqto zedapirebiT Seqmnili rgo-
luri Wvrite, romliTac xdeba wevis Zalebis realizacia. am kvanZSi
rgoluri Wvritis doliseul zedapirebSi warmodgenilia (ganxiluri
gvaqvs) [67,68] yvela cnobili sakontaqto zedapiris konstruqcia, maT
Soris Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli – grZivRariani, wriuli amonaCarxebiT
(ix. nax. 1.20T).
3. cilindr-dguSiani avm (avtomaturi vakuumuri meqanizmi),
romliTac dolis brunvis Tanxvdenilad, dguSebis ukuqceviT-winsvliTi
- 46 -

moZraobiT martivi vakuum-arxebis da naxvretebis saSualebiT, rgolur
WvriteSi iqmneba gauxSoeba.
ganvixiloT TiToeuli.
1) vakuum-dolis koleqtoris moxaxune zedapirebi liTonisaa da
misi wminda xexviT damuSavebisas simqise iqneba 2÷25 mkm-is zRvrebSi. am
kvanZze liTonis-liTonze xaxunis kvlevebis Sedegad miRebuli
Sexedulebebi gavrceldeba, rogorc xaxunis Teoriis Seswavlisas, aseve
zedapirebis teqsturis ganxilvisas [54, 55, 76, 82, 83, 84].
a)
b)
nax. 2.1.
nax. 2.1.-ze warmodgenilis mixedviT TviToeuli zedapiris simqisis
mier Seqmnili `plato~ zedapiri mcirea (gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu
zedapirebi Termulad damuSavebulia da drekadi da drekadplastikuri
efeqti Semcirebulia). amgvarad didia rgoluri Wvritis makrosimqise.
Sesabamisad didi iqneba siCqarec da WvriteSi gamavali siTxis xarjic.
yovelive es moiTxovs damatebiTi hermetizaciis RonisZiebebis Catarebas,
- 47 -

koleqtoridan recipientebis atmosferosTan mokled SerTvis gamosa-
ricxad.
2) dolisa da lentis rgoluri Wvritis geometriuli makrozomebi
koleqtoris zedapirebiT Seqmnil WvritesTan SedarebiT, Semdegnair
SesabamisobaSi iqneba: gaCarxviT damuSavebisas dolis zedapiris simqisis
zRvrebi 0,25÷2 mm-is farglebSia; xolo Tu elastomerebze xaxunis
kvlevebis Sedegad miRebul Sexedulebebs gaviTvaliswinebT, maSin mas
nax. 2.2.-ze warmodgenili saxe eqneba [54, 55].
a)
b)
nax. 2.2.
- 48 -

ogorc nax. 2.2-dan Cans, _ aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi, dolis
zedapiris simqiseze (makroSverilebze) didia elastomeris deformaciis
xarisxi. Sedegad didia `plato~ zedapiri. amgvarad sakontaqto zedapir-
ze gveqneba erTi-meoresTan kapilaruli arxebiT dakavSirebuli, orive
zedapiris simqiseebiT warmoqmnili (e.w. SemzeTi) siTxis lokaluri
rezervuarebi.
nax. 2.1 da 2.2. da agreTve elastohidrodinamikuri SezeTvis Teo-
riis [76, 55] gaTvaliswinebiT vakuumis sistemebs daqvemdebarebuli
zedapirebi: koleqtorebis SemTxvevaSi, liTonis-liTonTan xaxunisas (nax.
2.1) makrosimqiseebSi ganuwyvetliv mimdinareobs SeduRebis, wakveTisa da
dakawvris (daxvnis) procesebi, xolo liTonis _ elastomerTan xaxunisas
liTonis simqiseebze deformirdeba da mWidrod ebjineba mas elastomeri,
Sesabamisad miRebuli Wvritis kapilaruli arxebi da lokaluri rezer-
vuarebi koleqtoris (liTonis-liTonTan) Wvritis makro simqiseze mcire
iqneba.
rezervuarebidan gawovisaTvis, ki kapilarul arxebSi siTxis
hidroaerodinamikuri winaaRmdegobebi koleqtoruli mowyobilobis Wvri-
tis winaaRmdegobaze naklebi unda iyos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi siTxis
(haeris) Sewova vakuum-tumboTi moxdeba koleqtors gare sivrcidan (mag.
atmosferodan) da ara amZravi dolis da sakonveiero lentis rgoluri
Wvritidan.
3. cilindr-dguSiani muSta meqanizmi, romelic SromebSi [60, 65, 66]
moxseniebulia, rogorc avtonomuri vakuumuri meqanizmebi (avm) war-
moadgens standartuli zomebis U-s magvari rezinis (da misT.) samaju-
rebis (manJetebis) _ dguSebis, mTlianadziduli uJangavi milebis _
cilindrebis da dakalibrebuli Reroebisagan (dguSebis WokebisaTvis)
Sedgenil meqanizmebs. am meqanizmebis dguSiseuli sivrcis hermetizaciis
gaumjobesebisaTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT U-s magvari samajurebis erTob-
lioba, xolo misi muSaobis saimedoobis gazrdis mizniT (konstruire-
bisas da amZravi dolis sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruqciebis kvle-
visas), unda gaviTvaliswinoT avm-is dguSebis optimalurad mcire svla.
fizikuri da kompiuteruli modelebis saSualebiT zemoT motani-
li xaxunis samive kvanZis moxaxune zedapirebis makrosimqiseebsa, loka-
- 49 -

lur rezervuarebsa da kapilarebSi siTxis moZraobis Seswavla
Teoriulad da eqsperimentulad ganapirobebs vakuum-amZravebis sakontaq-
to zedapirebis optimaluri parametrebis dadgenas.
2.3. vakuum-amZravi rogorc lenturi sakisari
avm vakuum-amZravebSi vakuumis Seqmnis procesis optimalur
variantad warmodgenilia [60] rgolur WvriteSi gauxSovebis Seqmnis or-
safexuriani modeli. pirvel safexurSi gaTvaliswinebulia dolisa da
lentis sakontaqto zedapirze siTxis wneviT miwodeba. sawnevo saqSeni
sakonveiero lentisa da dolis zedapiris mimarT ise unda iyos ganla-
gebuli, rom uzrunvelyofdes siTxiT amZravis rgoluri Wvritisa da avm-
is dguSiseuli sivrcis maqsimalurad Sevsebas. am procesiT mTavrdeba
pirveli safexuri, romelic meore safexurSi uzrunvelyofs `Txevadi
dguSiT~ (siTxiT, romelic dguSiseul sivrcesa da rgolur WvriteSi
iqneba Seyvanili) vakuumis formirebas sakontaqto zedapirze. meore
safexurSi, SedarebiTi simSvidis rkalze, iwyeben ra dguSebi (elasto-
meris U-s magvari samajurebi) moZraobas, avm-iani dolis centridan
periferiebisaken, moZraobaSi moyavT, sawnevo saqSenis saSualebiT rgo-
lur Wvritesa da dguSiseul sivrceSi, Cvens mier iZulebiT (wneviT)
Seyvanili siTxe [62]. es procesi ganuwyvetliv meordeba amZravis muSao-
bisas. rogorc zemoT aRwerilidan Cans, vakuumis Seqmnis mosamzadebeli
pirveli safexuris xarisxian Sesrulebas (dguSiseuli sivrcisa da
rgoluri Wvritis lokaluri rezervuarebis siTxiT maqsimalur Sevsebas)
udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs amZravis rgolur WvriteSi gauxSoebis Tanab-
rad ganawilebasa da formirebaSi. amitom vakuumis Seqmnis procesis
Seswavlisas aranaklebi jerovani yuradReba unda daeTmos pirvel safe-
xursac. vakuumis formirebis es epizodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, rogorc
wevis Zalebisa da lentis moZraobis siCqaris regulirebis erT-erTi
saSualeba (magaliTad konveieris gaSvebisas).
zemoT aRwerilis mixedviT SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom saqSenis
wnevis xarjze rgolur WvriteSi Setanili uxvi siTxis gamo dasawyisSi
- 50 -

dolze lentis xaxuni hidrostatikur reJimSi mimdinareobs, dguSebis
periferiebisaken amoZravebisTanave gadadis zRvrulSi, xolo agrZeleben
ra avm-is dguSebi (intensiur) svlas periferiebisaken xaxuni praqti-
kulad gadadis mSral xaxunSi (imavdroulad vakuumis garemoSi). dgu-
Sebis programul moZraobas axorcielebs winaswari gaTvlebiT daproeq-
tebuli, Wokis bolovanebTan dakavSirebuli mrudwiruli mimmarTvelebi.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba da arsebuli literaturuli wyaroebis
analizi iZleva safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom dguSebis periferiebisaken
svlis dawyebisTanave, rgolur WvriteSi xdeba siTxis iZulebiTi drena-
Jirebis ucilobeli gaaqtiureba.
vakuum-dolis muSaobis procesi, gansakuTrebiT sawyisi momentSi
(rodesac xaxuni mimdinareobs hidrostatikur reJimSi), lenturi
sakisris muSaobis reJimis identuria. Sesabamisad, misi parametrebis
gansazRvrisas, iteraciuli meTodiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT lenturi
sakisris gaangariSebis Teoriis sakiTxebi.
rac Seexeba xisti sayrdenisa da elastomeris (mag. amZravi dolis
zedapirisa da sakonveiero lentis) urTierTmiaxloebis zust Teoriul
analizs, igi jer ar arsebobs [54].
amgvarad, lenturi konveieris Cveulebrivi doluri amZravebi,
rodesac maT muSaoba uxdebaT sveli xaxuniT e.i. elastohidrostatikur
da elastohidrodinamikur reJimSi, SeiZleba gaviangariSoT, rogorc
mZlavri lenturi sakisari. vakuum-dolebis SemTxvevaSi ki saWiro iqneba
specifikuri procesebis gaTvaliswinebiT (dguSebis svliT drenaJirebis
efeqtis aCqareba; vakuumis formirebis procesisa da dolis xazovani
siCqaris meqanikuri blokireba da a.S) amZravis ZiriTadi parametrebis
angariSis meTodikis damuSaveba.
sakontaqto zedapirebze siTxis (nebismieris) arseboba, vfiqrobT,
saWiroebs SezeTvis klasikuri Teoriis TvalsazrisiTac xaxunis Teoriis
sakiTxebis gamokvleva-damuSavebis aucileblobas. SezeTvis klasikuri
Teoria ki or reJims iTvaliswinebs (nax. 2.3): hidrodinamikurs da
zRvruls. SezeTvis TeoriaSi ZiriTad saangariSo parametrs warmoadgens
zomerfeldis ganzogadebuli ricxvi S0, romelic iangariSeba blanti
- 51 -

xaxunis Zalis SefardebiT Txel SemzeT apkze moqmed wnevis ZalasTan,
anu
S
0
τ L
pL
2
= 2
μU
ηN
= =
pL P
sadac τ aris mxebi Zabva; p _ normaluri (Zala) wneva (Zabva) ; N
_ brunvis sixSire; P _ saSualo dawneva; μ _ siTxis siblante ; U _
siTxis moZraobis siCqare.
- 52 -
(2.1)
zomerfeldis ricxvs fundamentaluri mniSvneloba [55] eniWeba
SezeTvis amocanebis amoxsnaSi da warmoadgens sakisrebis
konstruirebisas erT-erT mniSvnelovan parametrs [54, 55].
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT siTxis Sris sisqe da Sesabamisad
WvriteSi siTxis xarji da moZraobis siCqare dolze lentis
swrafobis wertilidan Camoqanebis wertilamde maqsimalurad mcirdeba
(TiTqmis utoldeba nuls), rac eTanxmeba xaxunis xasiaTis cvlilebas
Txevadidan (hidrodinamikuridan) zRvrulamde da Semdeg ukve mSral
xaxunamde [54, 55]. xaxunis procesis aseTi cvlileba ganpirobebulia
zomerfeldis ganzogadoebuli ricxvis cvlilebiT (ix. nax. 2.3.) [55].
petrovis asimptota
nax. 2.3.

naxazze 2.3 warmodgenili grafikis mixedviT xaxunis koefi-
cientis maqsimaluri mniSvneloba Seesabameba: hidrodinamikuri
reJimisas _ zomerfeldis ganzogadebuli ricxvis maqsimalur
mniSvnelobas, an mSrali xaxunis reJimisas _ zomerfeldis
ganzogadebuli ricxvis minimalur mniSvnelobas. Cveni SemTxvevisaTvis
avm tipis vakuum-amZravis muSaobis optimalur reJims warmoadgens
mSrali xaxunis reJimi, zomerfeldis ganzogadebuli ricxvis (S 0)
minimaluri mniSvnelobisas. (2.1) gamosaxulebis mixedviT S 0-is
Semcireba ganpirobebulia, rodesac: μ _ siTxis siblante, U _ siTxis
moZraobis siCqare an SeiZleba orive erTadac miiswrafis nulisaken.
(U→0)
(μ→0)
e.i.
S
0
( U ≈ 0)
U ( η ≈ 0)
μ
=
pL
- 53 -
= an
2.4. vakuum-amZravis xaxunis kvanZebis stenduri gamocda
pL
≈ 0
2.4.1. xaxunis kvanZebis gamosacdeli stendis mowyobiloba
xaxunis kvanZebis sakontaqto zedapirebis eqsperimentuli
SeswavlisaTvis visargebleT stendis bazisuri nawiliT, romelic Seiqmna
petrov-Jukovskis amocanis mixedviT avm tipis vakuum-amZravis statikaSi
kvlevisaTvis [60]. 2.2 paragrafSi warmodgenili xaxunis kvanZebis
eqsperimentulad SeswavlisaTvis, stendi mzaddeboda nax. 2.4, 2.5. da 2.6-ze
warmodgenili sqemebis Sesabamisad, _ kvlevis etapebis Tanxvdenilad.
sqemebs Tan erTvis stendis rekonstruqciuli kvanZebis foto masala.
kvleva mimdinareobda sam etapad. pirveli etapi (nax. 2.4.) iTvaliswinebda
vakuum-amZravebis sxva da sxva konstruqciis sakontaqto zedapirebiT da
sakonveiero lentiT Seqmnili rgoluri Wvritis hermetizaciis xaris-
xobriv Sefasebas. meore etapi (nax. 2.5.) _ rgolur Wvriteze mierTebuli
koleqtoris SemTxvevaSi vakuum-sistemis mier damatebiT Sewovili siTxis
raodenobis gansazRvras. mesame etapi (nax. 2.6.) _ uSualod avm-is
dguSebis hermetizaciis xarisxobriv Sefasebas.

eqsperimentebi tardeboda samive etapisaTvis maqsimalurad erT-
nair pirobebSi da Sedegebi fiqsirdeboda Sesabamis cxrilebSi. saregu-
lirebel parametrebad miRebuli iyo: lentis swrafobis S s da Camoqa-
nebis S C Stoebis daWimulobebi; vakuumis sidide; xaxunis pirobebi: hidro-
dinamikuri, zRvruli da mSrali; vakuums daqvemdebarebuli sakontaqto
zedapiris _ (recipientis) adgilmdebareoba rgolur WvriteSi da
sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruqciis (tipzomebis 12 ZiriTadi) varianti
(ix. cxrili 2.1.). TviToeuli parametris cvlilebiT Catarebuli
eqsperimentis Sedegebi fiqsirdeboda specialuri nomriT aRniSnul 2.1.
cxrilis damatebaSi (ix. mag. 2.1. cxrilis damateba #1, 2...12 da a.S.). (1...12 _
variantis nomeria, I, II, III _ xaxunis pirobebi. I _ mSrali; II _ zRvruli;
III hidrodinamikuri).
laboratoriuli kvlevis yvela etapze ucvleli iyo Semdegi
monacemebi:
1. dolis diametri, mm; D=360;
2. dolis sigane, mm; Bd=520;
3. Raris (anu misi Sesabimisi recipientis) nomris aTvlis mimarTuleba S C-
dan S s-ken _ P1, P2 . . . Pn;
4. lentis sigane, mm; B l=500;
5. erTnairi parametrebis mqone Rarebis raodenoba (ix. cxrili 2.1.-is
SeniSvnebi);
6. Raris centraluri naxvretis diametri, d nax=6 mm;
7. yvela saxisa da konstruqcis Raaris siRrme, mm; h=2,0.
bazisuri stendis etapis Sesabamisad momzadeba xdeboda vakuumis
pirobebisaTvis misaRebi masalebiT (mag. vakuumuri moqnili milebi),
samarjvebiT da xelsawyoebiT. etapis Sesatyvisi cdebis Catarebisas
gamosacdeli kvanZis mdgomareoba maqsimalurad Seesatyviseboda
realurs. cdebis Catarebisas vakuum-dolis dgaris mimarT saWiro
mdgomareobaSi fiqsireba (ix. cxr. 2.1.), xorcieldeboda dolis lilvze
damagrebuli xrutuna Tvalisa da CarCoze damontaJebuli sarekelas
saSualebiT. saCeris aseTi konstruqcia saSualebas gvaZlevda
dagvefiqsirebina dolis mocemuli (saWiro) zedapiri nebismier poziciaSi
- 54 -

goluri Wvritis mimarT lentis swrafobis, Camoqanebis an maT Soris
nebismier ubanSi.
vakuumis wyarod gamoyenebuli iyo oryvinTiani mimdevrobiTi
moqmedebis meqanikuri ВН-2МГ tipis vakuum-tumbo. misi saSualebiT
amotumbvis siswrafe 3947 pa (0,04 at) wnevisas Seadgens 20,88 m 3 /sT.
varia
ntis
#
I sqema
ba
bb
bg
Bl
SC
Ss
la
lb
lg
abg aab
- 55 -
II sqema
ba
bb
bg
a
SC
Bl
dnax
Ss
lg
d
lb
la
cxrili 2.1.
b a b b b g a ab a bg l a l b l g SeniSvnebi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 gluvzedapiriani _ gaCarxuli α=π
2
3
gaCarx.
16
16
16
16
16
_
10
10
10
_
280
280
280
280
280
cxrili 2.1.
nR=12 4* vakuum-dolis 16 20/10 sakontaqto 20/10 10 zedapirebis 30 konstruqciuli 280 420 420 parametrebi
5* 20/10 20/10 20/10 30 30 420 420 420 n
zomebi (ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi) mm-Sia
R=10
6* 20/10 20/10 gaCarx. 30 _ 420 420 _
7 20 20 20 40 40 420 420 420 nR=5 8 20 20 10 40 23 420 420 420 nR=1 9 10 10 10 10 10 420 420 420 nR=14 10 10 10 10 15 15 420 420 420 nR=12 11 10 10 10 20 20 420 420 420 nR=9 12 20 20 10 40 20 420 420 420
* 20/10 ∼ Seesatyviseba d/b (ix. 2.1. cxrilis II sqema)

dolis sakontaqto zedapiris saxesxvaobebi cxrili 2.1.-is mixedviT
- 56 -
varianti I
varianti II, III

- 57 -
varianti IV, V
varianti VI

- 58 -
varianti VII, VIII, IX
varianti X

- 59 -
varianti XI
varianti XII

xaxunis reJimi: rgolur WvriteSi _ I
koleqtorSi _ I
- 60 -
2.1. cxrilis damateba # 7
amZrav dolze sakonveiero lentis Semoxvevis kuTxe α=180°
SeniSvna: a) dolis sakontaqto zedapirze S C-dan α kuTxiT ganlagebuli
#
sami mezobeli Raridan vakuum-tumbosTan mierTebuli iyo centra-
luri (ix. I da II sqema da 2.1. cxrilis damatebis 6, 7 da 8 sveti).
b) laboratoriuli stendis awyoba xdeboda: cxrilis 6, 7, 8,
svetisaTvis nax. 2.4.-ze warmodgenili sqemiT; xolo 9, 10, 11,
svetisaTvis nax. 2.5.-ze warmodgenili sqemiT.
S C, dkn
S s, dkn
P⋅10 5 , pa
recipientebis
mdebareoba SC-is mimarT α°
p a , pa
koleqtoris
gareSe
q b
rot ,
l/sT
p g , pa
sqemaSi CarTuli
wriuli
koleqtorisaTvis
p a′ , pa
q b
rot ′ ,
l/sT
p g′ , pa
SeniSvnebi
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
10 0 1200 0 0 7800 0
50 850 0,92 90 0 1180 0 0 7780 0
170 0 1310 0 0 7880 0
2
10 0 1180 0 0 7800 0
100 1650 0,92 90 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
170 0 1150 0 0 7880 0
3
10 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
150 2100 0,92 90 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
170 0 1100 0 0 7880 0
4
10 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
200 2470 0,92 90 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
170 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
5
10 0 1100 0 0 7880 0
300 2930 0,92 90 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
170 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
6
10 0 1100 0 0 7880 0
400 3260 0,92 90 0 1100 0 0 7800 0
170 0 1100 0 0 7800 0

2.4.2 eqsperimentuli kvlevis meTodika da gamzomi aparatura
vakuum-amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebis optimaluri parametre-
bis eqsperimentuli kvlevisaTvis damuSavda meTodika, romelic iTvalis-
winebs xaxunis TiToeuli kvanZis gavlenis Seswavlas sakontaqto zedapi-
ris weviT Tvisebaze. kvlevis aseTi meTodika gamarTlebulia wina kvle-
vebis [60] Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiTac, romlebSic vakuumuri gawovis
mxolod adgilmdebareobis Secvlam TiTqmis samjer gazarda erTnairi
konstruqciisa da tip-zomis zedapiris weviTi Tviseba. meTodika iTvalis-
winebs kvleviTi samuSaoebis sam etaps, xolo sakvlevi konstruqciis
SerCeuli zedapirebi ganvaTavseT laboratoriuli kvlevebisaTvis gan-
kuTvnil ori vakuum-dolis zedapirze. zedapirebis pirveli eqvsi
varianti (ix. cxrili 2.1.) ganTavsebulia erT dolze, xolo misi kvlevis
Sedegebi Setanilia cxrilebSi, romlebic inomreboda 2.1. cxriliT
gaTvaliswinebuli variantis nomris Sesabamisad, magaliTad varianti #1-
is kvlevis Sedegebi Setanilia cxrilSi, romelic aRricxulia
Semdegnairad (2.1. cxrilis damateba #1). zedapirebis meore eqvsi (7÷12 ix.
cxrilSi 2.1.). varianti ganTavsebulia meore dolze, xolo kvlevis
Sedegebi fiqsirdeboda Sesabamis cxrilebSi, magaliTad (2.1. cxrilis
damateba #7 da a.S.) Tu 2.1 cxriliT gaTvaliswinebul variantze
eqsperimenti tardeboda ramdenimejer, cvladi parametrebis (mag. vakuumi,
sawyisi daWimuloba(S C), xaxunis reJimi da a.S.) gavlenis SeswavlisaTvis,
maSin cxrilSi sadac Sesabamisi sidideebi fiqsirdeboda Segvqonda
damatebiTi aRniSvna (mag. 2.1. cxrilis damateba #7).
samive etapiT eqsperimentebis Sesrulebisas, anaTvlebis aReba
(magaliTad vakuumis sididis, haeris xarjis da a.S.) warmoebda sami
mezobeli Raridan, romelTagan vakuumis wyaroSi CarTuli iyo mxolod
centraluri Rari. Tu Rarebs Sorisi segmentis saSualebiT moxdeboda
centraluri Raris recipientis mokled SerTva ganapira Raris
recipienTebTan, maSin es movlena aisaxeboda am Rarebis recipientebze
CarTuli vakuummetrebis saSualebiT e.i. dafiqsirdeboda ara mxolod
centraluri Raris vakuummetris Cveneba, aramed danarCeni orisac (ragind
umniSvnelo, magram mainc).
- 61 -

nax. 2.4.
- 62 -

’
nax. 2.5.
- 63 -

pirveli etapis kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebis Semdeg, stendi
mzaddeboda meore etapisaTvis nax. 2.5.-ze warmodgenili sqemis mixedviT.
amisaTvis 12k vakuumuri milis saSualebiT wriuli koleqtoris moZravi
nawili uerTdeba amZravi dolis rgolur Wvrites 12 centraluri
naxvretis saSualebiT. koleqtoris meore naxevari _ uZravi nawili, 10
vakuum-milis saSualebiT ki ukavSirdeboda РС-3 (РС-5) tipis rotametris
miltuCs da 8 vakuummetrisa da 14 wrfivi koleqtoris saSualebiT
irTveboda ВН-2МГ tipis meqanikur vakuumtumboSi. nebismieri saWiro
recipientis vakuum-sistemidan CarTva amorTvis operaciebi xorcielde-
boda 6 ventilis saSualebiT
mesame etapis kvleviTi samuSaoebisaTvis stendi nax. 2.6-ze warmod-
genili sqemis mixedviT mzaddeboda. amisaTvis avm vakuum-dolis axal
konstruqciul anakrefze (ix. foto masala nax. 2.6). uSualod 12
centraluri naxvretisa da 10 vakuumuri milis saSualebiT xdeboda avm-
is dguSiseuli sivrcis mierTeba vakuumis wyarosTan 9 rotametrisa, 8
vakuummetrisa da 6 ventilis gavliT 14 wrfivi koleqtoris saSualebiT.
am etapze dguSiseuli sivrcis hermetizacia mowmdeboda individualurad
sxvadasxva sididis vakuumisa da dguSiseuli sawyisi moculobebis dros.
Sedegebi kvlav fiqsirdeboda cxrilebSi zemoT motanili sqemisa da
aRniSvnebis saSualebiT.
vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapirebis 12-ve varianti, rogorc
konstruqciis aseve geometriuli parametrebis mixedviT damzadda
winaswari, _ makro elastohidrodinamikuri Teoriisa da eqsperimentuli
kvlevebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
yvela saWiro fizikuri sididis gazomvisaTvis laboratoriul
stendSi gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Sesabamisi aparatura. aTvlebi warmoebda:
sawyisi (programuli) daWimulobis (S C) gazomvisaTvis _ ДПУ-0,5 tipis
dinamometridan; swrafobis wertilSi lentis daWimulobis (S s)
gazomvisaTvis _ ДПУ 5-2 tipis dinamometridan; sakvlev recipientebSi
gamavali siTxis xarjis gasazomad _ РС-3 (РС-5) tipis rotametridan,
vakuum-arxebSi gauxSoebis mniSvneloba _ ВО tipis vakuummetridan.
- 64 -

5
4
6
nax. 2.6.
- 65 -

Tavi III. vakuum-amZravis optimaluri sakontaqto
zedapiris damuSaveba da Teoriuli gamokvleva
3.1. teqnikuri moTxovnebi sakontaqto zedapiris mimarT
miuxedavad winamorbed mkvlevarTa mier miRebuli maRali
teqnikuri maCveeeneblebisa [5÷32; 56÷63] vakuum-amZravebi kvlavac
saWiroeben konstruqciisa da vakuumis Seqmnis teqnologiuri procesis
Semdgom srulyofas. gansakuTrebiT es exeba (1-5; 2-8; 3-11-14-16-21; 4-30-31)
sqemiT momuSave (ix. nax. 1.1. vakuum-amZravebis klasifikacia) amZravebs.
amZravebis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da is problemuri amocanebi,
romelTa gamoc umjobesia zogierT konstruqciaze uari ganvacxadoT,
vrcladaa warmodgenili winamdebare naSromis 1.2 da 1.3 paragrafebSi.
viTvaliswinebT ra Cvens mier Catarebuli sapatento da samecniero-
kvleviTi samuSaoebis analizis Sedegebs mizanSewonilad migvaCnia
vakuum-amZravis sakontaqto zedapiris konstruqciisa da optimaluri
parametrebis damuSaveba-gaangariSebisas gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi
teqnikuri moTxovnebi:
1. vakuum-amZravis sakonveiero lentTan sakontaqto rgolur
WvriteSi vakuumis formireba umjobesia ganxorcieldes avtonomiuri
vakuumuri meqanizmebiT (avm), romlebic (romelTa dguSiseuli sivrce)
sakontaqto zedapiris vakuum-arxebTan dakavSirebuli iqneba eqsplua-
tacia-remontisaTvis moxerxebuli da martivi kvanZebis saSualebiT;
2. amZravi vakuum-dolis margi qmedebis koeficientis gazrdis
mizniT, aucilebelia sakontaqto rgolur WvriteSi vakuumi iqmdebodes
hidrodinamikur reJimSi maTi muSaobis uzrunvelyofiT;
3. sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruireba-damuSavebisas, saWiroa
gaviTvaliswinoT rgoluri Wvritis warmoqmneli zedapirebis (lenti _
amZravi doli) simqiseebis iseTi mniSvnelobebi, romelTa drosac
SenarCunebuli iqneba siTxis moculobiTi Tvisebebi (ix. b. deriaginis
- 66 -

kvlevebisa da n. petrovis Sexedulebebis citireba. $ 2.1. gv. 2) da
uzrunvelyofili iqneba swrafi da srulyofili drenaJirebis procesi.
4. Tanabrad ganawilebuli gauxSoebis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofi-
saTvis ganmeorebiT vadasturebT im oTxive aucilebel pirobis
samarTlianobas, romelic Cvens mier ganxilulia 1.2 paragrafis daskvniT
nawilSi;
5. grZeldgariani sakonveiro danadgarebis saTavsi, kudis da
Sualeduri amZravebis damuSavebisas umjobesia (sasurvelia)
gaTvaliswinebuli iqnas erTgvarovani elementebisagan Sedgenili
anakrefi mwevi btyela (sakontaqto zedapiri), rac uzrunvelyofs
unifikaciis maRal dones da ufro moxerxebuls gaxdis eqspluataciisa
da remontis process;
6. vakuum-amZravis sakontaqto zedapiris konstruqcia unda
uzrunvelyofdes rgoluri Wvritis hermetizaciis aucilebel pirobebs:
avm-ebis urTierTdamoukidebel muSaobas (ar unda xdebodes mezobeli
recipientebidan siTxis gawova) da lentis napirebidan siTxis (haeris)
SeuRwevadobas.
7. amZravis vakuumuri recipientebis gare da Siga moculobebis
sidideebi unda uzrunvelyofdes vakuumis Seqmneli meqanizmebis
optimalur reJimSi muSaobas;
8. sakontaqto zedapiris geometrriuli parametrebis SerCeva-
gaangariSeba unda moxdes amZravis (sakonveiero lentis) kuTxuri
(xazovani, wrfivi) siCqaris gaTvaliswinebiT.
9. avm-ebiani vakuum-dolis dguSebis (plunJerebis da a.S.)
ukuqceviT-winsvliTi moZraobis uzrunvelmyofi muSta meqanizmebis
profilis gaTvla aucileblad unda moxdes e.w. “SedarebiTi simSvidis”
rkalis konkretuli pirobebisaTvis dasaSvebi sididis zRvrebSi.
10. saerTod yvela danarCeni (me-9 punqtis garda) tipis vakuum-
amZravebis recipientebsa da mis mimdebare sakontaqto zedapirebis
Sesabamis nawilze, vakuumis programuli mniSvnelobis formireba unda
dasruldes koleqtorebis (wriuli, wrfivi) vakuumuri saknis saSualebiT
α S.s. _ “SedarebiTi simSvidis” rkalis farglebSi.
- 67 -

11. sakontaqto zedapirebis optimizaciis miRwevis erT-erT
mniSvnelovan winapirobas warmoadgens amZravis ganxilva lenturi
sakisris rangSi; amasTan avm-is dguSiseuli sivrcis zedapirTan
SemaerTebeli centraluri naxvretis SerCeuli (naangariSebi) diametri,
unda uzrunvelyofdes siTxis nakadis uwyvetad gadadinebas vakuum-
sistemis recipientebSi _ sakontaqto zedapirze ganlagebuli gare
moculobebidan (Rarebidan, perforaciebidan da a.S.) vakuumis Semqmneli
meqanizmis muSa moculobamde (magaliTad dguSiseul sivrcemde).
sakontaqto zedapirebisa da mTlianad vakuum-amZravis konstruq-
ciisaTvis wayenebul erT-erT mniSvnelovan moTxovnas warmoadgens amZ-
ravi sadguris daSla-awyobisas, misi TiToeuli kvanZisa da Semadgeneli
nawilis advili misadgomoba, kompaqturoba, saremontod vargisianoba da
a.S.
3.2 vakuum-amZravis axali tipis sakontaqto zedapiri da misi
daxasiaTeba
vakuum-amZravebis Teoriis kvleviT samuSaoebSi [5÷32, 60] sakon-
taqto rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis Tanabrad ganawileba (rac sakontaqto
zedapirebisa da mTlianad amZravis efeqturad gamoyenebis aucilebel
pirobas warmoadgens) gaTvaliswinebulia, rogorc ganivi, aseve amZravis
wriuli (amZravze sakonveiro lentis swrafobidan Camoqanebis
wertilisaken) mimarTulebiT. samecniero-kvleviTi samuSaoebis gamoqvey-
nebul wyaroebSi warmodgenili Sedegebi xSirad urTierTis gamomricxavi
daskvnebiT mTavrdeba. ase magaliTad, erTi da igive naSromSi [22]
miTiTebulia, rom sakontaqto zedapirze vakuumis gavrceleba lentis
swrafobidan Camoqanebis mimarTulebiT Tanabari da maRalia, amasTan
amave naSromSi laparakia sakontaqto zedapirebis grZiv Rarebsa da
sakonveiero lents Soris “elastikuri kbilanuri modebis” arsebobis
SesaZleblobaze. es versia mkafiodaa gamokveTili volCekis sadiser-
tacio naSromSi, sadac igi cdilobs laboratoriuli eqsperimentis
- 68 -

SedegebiT gaamarTlos hipoTeza “elastikuri kbilanuri modebis”
arsebobaze (ix. nax. 1.19a). am hipoTezas igi mTeli damajereblobiT
ganixilavs imis gamo, rom misi laboratoriuli eqsperimentebis miTi-
Tebul grafikul nawilze (nax. 1.19a) naTlad Cans wevis Zalebis klebis
movlenebi sakonveiero lentis sawyisi daWimulobis gazrdisas (Cveni
azriT es movlena aixsneba eqsperimentis ara swori dagegmviTa da
CatarebiT). daaxloebiT msgavs Sedegebzea saubari mogvianebiT Sesrule-
bul kvlevebSic [60, 93]. Tumca SemdgomSi, ara mTlad mtkicebiT formaSi,
magram mainc Cveni azriT WeSmaritebasTan miaxlovebuli formiT
naSromSi [60] aRniSnulia, “rom wevis Zalebis gadacema vakuum-amZravebSi
xorcieldeba ara mxolod Wvrituli modebiT aramed, ZiriTadad lentisa
da dolis sakontaqto zedapirebis urTierTxaxunis Sedegad”. es
formulireba mainc mianiSnebs imaze, rom sakiTxi moiTxovs seriozul
Seswavlas. am mizniT vfiqrob Seswavlili iqna TiTqmis yvela kvleviTo
samuSao (ixile literaturis citireba), romelic exeboda perfori-
rebuli da Ria arxebiani sakontaqto zedapirebiT wevis Zalebis
realizacias. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom kvleviTi samuSao [60] arcerTi
cdis Sedegis grafikuli saxiT warmodgenil daskvniT nawilSi (ix. mag.
nax. 1.19b da g) wevis Zalebis Semcirebis faqti lentis sawyisi
daWimulobis zrdis SemTxvevaSi ar fiqsirdeba. amitom daujerebeli da
gaugebaria [60] samuSaos avtoris mier gakeTebuli daskvnis da Cvens mier
zemoT motanili am daskvnis citirebuli Sinaarsis samarTlianoba da
avtoris mier am movlenis aseTnairad aRiarebis mizezi.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis garkvevis mizniT, Cvens mier Sesrulda
eqsperimentebis seria sxvadasxva tipis lentebisaTvis, rodesac dolis
sakontaqto zedapirs lenti exeboda erT SemTxvevaSi muSa, xolo meore
SemTxvevaSi aramuSa SemonafeniT.
Cvens mier Catarebuli eqperimentebis SemTxvevaSic sawyisi
(programuli) daWimulobis zrdisas (0-dan Smax=500 dkn) wevis Zalis
araviTar SemcirebiT cvlilebas adgili ar hqonia. piriqiT, rogorc es
[60] naSromSia aRniSnuli, mxolod dolis sakuTari wevis faqtoris
amowurvis Semdeg, iwyeboda Camoqanebis wertilSi sakonveiro lentis
sawyisi (programuli) daWimulobis zrda, rac Tavis mxriv zrdida
- 69 -

swrafobis wertilSi daWimulobas. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos is umniSvnelo,
magram mainc Cvens mierac SeniSnuli iqna sakonveiro lentis defor-
maciebi, romelsac adgili hqonda Raris Wrilis adgilze amovardnili
amZravi dolis zedapiris seqtorul nawilze. Tumca am “deformaciis”
gavlena da “elastikuri kbilanuri modebis” faqti ver davafiqsireT.
yovelive zemoT aRniSnulis gamo SevimuSaveT axali formis
(konstruqciis) sakontaqto zedapiri (ix. nax. 1.20T), romelic akmayo-
filebs 3.1 paragrafSi warmodgenil yvela im teqnikur moTxovnas,
romlebic waeyeneba vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapirebs.
naxazze 1.20T warmodgenilia axali sakontaqto zedapiris centra-
luri nawilis fragmenti. lenturi konveierisaTvis simetriis RerZze,
vakuum-dolis zedapiris msaxvelis centrSi gakeTebulia garkveuli
diametris amonaCarxi _ 1, romlis fskerze avm-is dguSiseul sivrcesTan
dasakavSireblad gakeTebulia naxvreti 2, mis marjvniv da marcxniv
dolis zedapirze msaxvelis gaswvriv ganlagebulia 1 amonaCarxis msgavsi
3-3′ da a.S. wriuli amonaCarxebis mwkrivi.
amonaCarxebi dolis mezobel msaxvelebze da amdenad mTel
sakontaqto zedapirze Wadrakuli ganlagebisaa, xolo TiToeul
msaxvelze iwyeba da mTavrdeba im pirobiT, rom sakonveiero lentma
srulfasovnad gadafaros isini da imavdroulad ar moxdes maTi
saSualebiT siTxis (airis, wveTovanis) Sewova atmosferodan (an siTxis
rezervuaridan). msaxvelze wriuli amonaCarxebi erTmaneTs da yvela
erTad centraluri 2 naxvretis saSualebiT ukavSirdeba avm-is
dguSiseul sivrces 2 naxvretis diametris toli siganis 4 grZivi RariT,
romlis fskeri wriuli amonaCarxis fskeris donezea.
mezobel msaxvelze, romlis bijic SeirCeva (im pirobiT) iseTi
angariSiT, rom wina msaxvelze ganlagebuli amonaCarxebis mimarT
Wadrakulad ganlagebuli analogiuri konfiguraciis bijis
amonaCarxebidan da misi kuTvnili vakuumis aredan ar moxdes siTxis
gawova da amave dros, arc siTxiT gajerebuli rgoluri Wvritis
sakontaqto zona unda darCes umoqmedod, _ siTxis gawovis gareSe.
amgvari meTodiT Sesrulebuli dolis sakontaqto zedapiris ori
- 70 -

mezobeli vakuumuri arxidan TiToeuli imuSavebs damoukideblad,
rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli.
aseTi konfiguraciis sakontaqto zedapiris SemTxvevaSi, misi erTi
bijis tolfasad lentis dazianebisas, amZravi imuSavebs wevis Zalebis
umniSvnelod Semcirebul reJimSi. koleqtoriani dolis SemTxvevaSi ki
sakonveiro lentis Zalze mcire dazianebac ki gamoiwvevs mTel vakuum-
sistemasa da rgolur WvriteSi vakuumis mniSvnelovan cvlilebas
(Semcirebas), Sesabamisad wevis Zalebis Semcirebas da vakuum-amZravis
sakonveiro lentis mimarT srialis reJimze gadasvlas.
Cveni azriT, aRniSnuli movlena warmoadgens mniSvnelovani
avariuli situaciis mizezs, gansakuTrebiT mZlavri grZeldgariani
sakonveiro sistemebis SemTxvevaSi, rac mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs
danadgaris droSi gamoyenebis koeficients.
vakeTebT ra, winamdebare naSromSi, am etapisTvis Sesabamis
saboloo daskvnis analizs, gamomdinare zemoT motanili yvela
mtkicebiTi mosazrebidan, Cveni eqsperimentuli kvlevis obieqtad vsaxavT
yvela konstruqciis sakontaqto zedapirs (ix. nax. 1.20). gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba ki mieqceva axali tipis zedapiris kvlevas, rogorc
perspeqtiul, sakonveiro lentisaTvis karg sayrden da mcire sawyisi
moculobis mqone centraluri gawovis vakuum-arxebiT daproeqtebul
sakontaqto vakuum-zedapirs.
3.3. hidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave vakuum-dolis lentTan
sakontaqto WvriteSi siTxis Sris sisqis gansazRvra
rogorc ukve viciT, hidrodinamikur (sveli xaxunis) reJimSi
momuSave vakuum-amZravis wevis faqtori da wevis Zalebi, identur
pirobebSi da sxva principze momuSave amZravebis (magaliTad futirebul
zedapiriani dolebiT; eleqtro-magnituri, magnito-eleqtruli, pnevmo-
kameriani da a.S. sxva specamZravebi) SemTxvevebTan SedarebiT [92]
gacilebiT meti da ufro stabiluria.
- 71 -

zemoT motanili versiis gaTvaliswinebiT da imis mxedvelobaSi
miRebiT, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi sakonveiro amZravebis muSaoba isedac
ZiriTadad mimdinareobs uxvad tenian pirobebSi, am paragrafSi Sevecaded
hidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave vakuum-dolsa da lentur sakisars
Soris identurobis paraleli gagvevlo da uSualod lenturi
konveierebis amZravebis gaangariSebis TeoriaSi pirvelad iteraciuli
operaciebis saSualebiT (gansakuTrebiT lenturi konveieris amZravis
“SedarebiTi simSvidis” rkalis ubanze) gamogveyenebina SezeTvis
gaangariSebis klasikuri meTodebi da maTi Sedegebi.
gamoyenebaSi igulisxmeba drekadhidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave
lenturi sakisris im variantis SerCeva, romelSic brunviT moZraobaSia,
rogorc lilvi (Cvens SemTxvevaSi vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapiri)
aseve lenti, SemdegSi am variantisaTvis gaangariSebis cnobili
meTodikis moZebnis safuZvelze Cveni sakvlevi obieqtis _ amZravi vakuum-
dolis zedapirisa da sakonveiro lentis rgolur WvriteSi siTxis Sris
sisqis gansazRvra, xolo xaxunis Semdgomi saWiro reJimis miRwevisaTvis,
zomerfeldis ganzogadebuli (S0) ricxvis im mniSvnelobis gansazRvra,
romelic saZiebo reJims Seesabameba.
zemoT motanili TiToeuli RonisZiebis SerCevisa da gaTvlis
Semdgom, saWiroa amZravi vakuum-dolis muSaobis iseTnairi reJimis
SerCeva, romelSic nebismieri kuTxuri siCqarisaTvis, rgolur WvriteSi
Cvens mier SerCeuli reJimi gabatondeba. am ukanasknelis ganxorcieleba
ki SesaZlebelia vakuumuri meqanizmebis dguSebis Wokis bolovanebis,
muSta meqanizmebis iseTi simrudis mimmarTvelebTan dakavSireba,
romlebic uzrunvelyofen siTxis uwyveti nakadiT dinebas dolis
sakontaqto zedapirisa da dguSiseuli sivrcis SemaerTebel naxvretSi,
drois konkretuli xangrZlivobisaTvis. nakadis uwyvetobis ganxorciele-
bisaTvis ki vfiqrobT saWiro iqneba naxvretis diametris gaangariSeba
dolis brunvis kuTxuri siCqarisa da siTxis parametrebis gaTvalis-
winebiT.
magram, vinaidan lenturi sakisrisagan gansxvavebiT xaxunis
amZravi meqanizmis daniSnulebas warmoadgens maqsimaluri xaxunis (wevis)
Zalis ganviTareba, SevecdebiT xaxunis procesis Semdgomi marTviT,
- 72 -

amZravis “drekadi srialis” (α d.s.) Sesabamis rkalze, makroelastohidro-
dinamikuridan zRvrulSi da bolos lentis drekadi srialis procesis
mSral reJimSi gadayvanas, riTac saSualeba gveZleva vifiqroT xaxunis
koeficientis sididis gazrdaze (ix. $ 2.3. nax. 2.3) rgoluri Wvritis im
ubanSi, sadac lentis daWimulobis kleba (da Sesabamisad lentis
drekadi srialiT moZraobis dawyeba) da sakontaqto zedapirze
normaluri Zalebis Semcireba mimdinareobs [85] anu es niSnavs, xaxunis
koeficientis gazrdas amZravis lentTan sakontaqto zedapiris (roluri
Wvritis) im ubanze, sadac mimdinareobs wevis Zalebis realizacia. am
sakiTxebis ufro vrceli da Rrma analizi, manqanebis kvanZebSi mimdinare
xaxunis saxeobiT dawyebuli, zedapiris xarisxisa da maTi fizikur-
qimiuri Tvisebebis ganxilviT, cveTis, SezeTvis, zedapirebis rRvevis
saxeobebis, sakontaqto simtkicisa da daRlilobis da a.S. mraval sxva, _
XXI saukunisaTvis Sesaferisi manqanaTmSeneblobis ganviTarebisaTvis
saWiro sakiTxze (rasac winamdebare naSromSi srulfasovnad ver
SevZlebT, maTi mravalferovnebisa da moculobis sididis gamo) SesaZle-
belia moZiebul iqnas Tanamedrove metad saintereso triboteqnikis [33]
(tribologiis, tribonikis) literaturul wyaroebSi (ix. literaturis
CamonaTvali) da internetis saSualebiT.
xaxunis Zalis sididis marTvis procesis realurad Sesrulebis
(ganxorcielebis) idea dagvebada mosriale zedapirebis wyvilis SezeTvis
reJimis gacnobisas, romelic warmodgenilia grafikuli saxiT – koordi-
natebSi: zomerfeldis ganzogaoebuli (S0) ricxvi, xaxunis (f) koeficienti
(ix. $ 2.3 nax. 2.3).
am sakiTxis Tundac mxolod miaxloebiTi modelirebisaTvis,
saWiroa sakontaqto rgolur WvriteSi siTxis Sris sawyisi da
Sualeduri sisqis gansazRvra. misi mniSvnelobis codna saWiroa Tundac
imitom, rom movaxerxoT vakuum-amZravis recipientebis gare, _ sakontaqto
zedapiris vakuum-arxis siTxiT Sevsebamde moculobis arsebuli
optimaluri parametrebis (gansazRvra) dadgena. am pirobis dakmayofi-
lebis Semdeg vfiqrobT, rom rgoluri Wvritis hermetizaciisac da (avm)
avtonomiuri vakuumuri meqanizmebisac, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeulis
muSaobac, TavisTavad mogvardeba.
- 73 -

swored am sakiTxs eZRvneba winamdebare naSromis es paragrafi.
cnobilia, rom amZravi dolis mimarT sakonveiro lentis
fardobiTi simrude – (1/r′) SeiZleba ganisazRvros formuliT [53].
2
d h
2
1 =
ds
r′
2 ⎡ ⎛ dh ⎞ ⎤
⎢1
+ ⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣
⎝ ds ⎠ ⎥⎦
3
2
es simrude cvalebadia s-is anu amZravi dolis rkalis
mimarTulebiT. igi fizikuri modelis mixedviT SeiZleba Caiweros
Semdegi saxiT
1 1 1
r′
= −
(3.2)
r R
radgan amZravi dolisa da sakonveiro lentis sakontaqto
WvriteSi siTxis sisqe h umniSvnelod icvleba dolis rkalis gaswvriv
(amZravis SedarebiTi simSvidis rkalze β S.s. rac praqtikuladac
dasturdeba), amitom (dh/ds) 2 SeiZleba ugulebelvyoT, maSin (3.2)-Si (3.1)-is
gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT
- 74 -
(3.1)
2
1 1 d h
= −
(3.3)
R
2
r ds
saidanac lentis simrudis radiusi amZravis mimarT
−1
2 ⎡1 d h⎤
R = ⎢ − 2 ⎥
(3.4)
⎣r
ds ⎦
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom moxaxune zedapirebs (doli –
sakonveiro lenti) Soris siTxis h Sre Cveulebriv imdenad Txelia, rom,
blanti xaxunis Zalebi gacilebiT didia inerciis Zalebze, maSin
WvriteSi arsebuli siTxis meqanikuri qcevis aRmweri navie-stoksis
gantoleba daiyvaneba reinoldsis yvelaze ufro zogadi formis (3.5)
gantolebaze
( ρh)
3
3
∂ ⎛ ρh
∂p
⎞ ∂ ⎛ ρh
∂p
⎞
∂ ∂
∂ ρ
= ( U −U
) + h ( U + U ) +
x ⎜ ⋅
x ⎟ +
y ⎜ ⋅
y ⎟ 6 1 2 6ρ
1 2 12
∂ ⎝ μ ∂ ⎠ ∂ ⎝ μ ∂ ⎠
∂x
∂x
∂t
( h)
xolo Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT, rom Wvritis Semqmneli zeda
zedapiri (ix. nax. 3.1) elastomeria, maSin (3.5) gantolebaSi U1=U, ρ=const
(3.5)

h
r= /2
Dd
- 75 -
(ix. nax. 3.2) Sesabamisad
(3.5) gantolebis marjvena
nawilis bolo Sesakrebi
nulis tolia, xolo
meore Sesakrebi pirveli
miaxlovebiT SeiZleba ga-
movricxoT da miviRebT,
nax. 3.1.
rom ukumSvadi erTganzomilebiani
denadi siTxisaTvis reinoldsis gantoleba Cveni pirobebi-
saTvis SeiZleba CavweroT (3.6) gamosaxulebis saxiT.
v= Mh
Mt
h
μ, ρ, p
∂ ⎛ 3 ∂p
⎞ ∂h
⎜h
⎟ = 6μU
∂s
⎝ ∂s
⎠ ∂s
U1
U2
y
z, h
miviRoT, rom lentis “SedarebiTi simSvidis” _ Rβ S.s. Sesabamis
rkalze wonasworobis pirobebis mixedviT lilvis mxridan moqmedebs
normaluri Zala.
x
(3.6)
T
P = (3.7)
R
gantolebaSi (3.7) (3.3)-is gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT, rom
−1
2 ⎛
1 d h ⎞
p = T ⎜ − 2 ⎟ da
r
⎝ ds
⎟
⎠
⎟
3
∂p
⎛ d h ⎞
= T ⎜
⎜−
(3.8)
3
∂s
⎝ ds ⎠
am gantolebebSi p –aris lokaluri wneva siTxeSi; ρ da μ –
Sesabamisad simkvrive da absoliturad siblante; h – siTxis Sris sisqe;
U1 da U2 – Sesabamisad zeda da qveda sakontaqto zedapirebis srialis
siCqare; T da P – Sesabamisad lentis daWimuloba da normaluri Zala (ix.
nax.3.2).
Bd
Bl
dnax
nax. 3.2.
R

(3.6) gantolebaSi (3.8)-is gaTvaliswinebiT miviRebT e.w. lenturi
sakisris gantolebas
3
∂ ⎛ 3 ∂ h ⎞ 6μU
∂h
h = ⋅
s ⎜
s
⎟ 3
∂ ⎝ ∂ ⎠ T ∂s
cnobilia, rom a. grasgofis, n. Jukovskis, o. kammerris, a. fiberis,
a. friderixis, e. gutiaris da sxva mraval mecnier-mkvlevarTa mier
amZravis sakontaqto zedapiri gayofilia or nawilad: mosrialed – Cveni
SemTxvevisaTvis e.w. “drekadi srialis” da aramosrialed anu “SedarebiTi
simSvidis” ubnebad [1] aRniSnulis gamo SeiZleba miviRoT, rom
aramosriale ubanze U=0, xolo tvirTmzidi lentis daWimuloba T=const;
maSin
6μU
∂h
⋅ = 0
T ∂s
∂ ⎛
⎜
⎜h
∂s
⎝
3
- 76 -
3
∂ h ⎞
= 0 3 ⎟
∂s
⎠
Tu (3.10) gamosaxulebas vaintegrirebT, miviRebT
3
∂ h C
= 3 3
∂s
h
(3.9)
(3.10)
(3.11)
radgan h/h0=(1-Δh) da Δh

6μU
T
= 3
a
- 77 -
= const
maSin (3.9) tolobis orive mxaris integrebiT miviRebT
anu
(3.13)
3
3 ∂ h 3
h + a h − c = 0
(3.14)
3
∂s
3
∂ h a
+ 3
∂s
h
am SemTxvevaSic avRniSnoT
h
h
0
= 1−
Δh
3
2
c
− = 0 3
h
anu h = h ( 1−
Δh)
(3.15)
0 (3.16)
Tu gantolebas (3.16)-s gaviTvaliswinebT (3.15)-Si da miRebul
Sedegs gavyofT h0-ze maSin
∂
3
( 1−
Δh)
∂s
3
+
h
3
0
3
∂ Δh
a h
+ 3
∂s
a
3
−
2 4
( 1−
Δh)
h ( 1−
Δh)
3
0
4
h0
( 1−
Δh)
( 1−
Δh)
0
c
− c
= 0
3
3
= 0
(3.17)
(3.18)
Tu c-s SevarCevT ise, rom Sesruldes toloba a 3 h0=c, maSin
1
Tu ( ) 3
1−
Δh
SeiZleba CavweroT, rom
wevrebs, maSin
3
∂ Δh
+ 3
∂s
h
3
0
3
a Δh
( 1−
Δh)
3
= 0
(3.19)
gamosaxulebas gavSliT progresiis mwkrivad, maSin
Δh
( 1−
Δh)
3
= Δh
( ) 3
2 3
1+
Δh
− Δh
+ Δh
+ ........
Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT meore da ufro maRali rigis
3
3 2 4
( 1 + Δh)
= Δh
+ 3Δh
+ Δh
+ Δh
= h
Δh
Δ
da (3.19) gantoleba Caiwereba Semdegi saxiT
3
∂ Δh
a
+ 3
∂s
h
3
3
0
Δh
= 0
(3.20)
miRebuli gantolebis zogadi amonaxsni moicema Semdegi saxiT [45]
() s
λ1S
λ2S
λ3S
Δ h = Ae + Be + Ce
(3.21)

sadac A, B, C mudmivebia, xolo λ 1, λ 2, da λ 3 maxasiaTebeli
gantolebis fesvebia. (3.20) gamosaxuleba SeiZleba warmovadginoT,
rogorc
e.i.
amgvarad,
maSin
amitom
3
a
y′ ′
+ μ y = 0,
sadac μ = ; 3
h
3
0
- 78 -
y = e
λS
⎛ a ⎞
3 λS
⎛ a ⎞ λS
y ′ +
⎜
⎟ y = 0 , anu λ e + = 0
⎝ h
⎜
⎟ e ;
0 ⎠
⎝ h0
⎠
3 ⎡
3 ⎛ a ⎞ ⎤
λS
S
⎢λ
+
⎜
⎟ ⎥e
= 0 , vinaidan e ≠ 0
⎢
0 ⎣ ⎝ h ⎠ ⎥⎦
λ
3
2
3 ⎛ a ⎞
⎛ a ⎞⎛
2 a a ⎞
λ +
⎜
⎟ = 0 ; ⎟ = 0 2
⎝ h
⎜
⎜λ
+
⎟
⎟⎜
⎜ λ − λ +
⎟
;
0 ⎠
⎝ h0
⎠⎝
h0
h0
⎠
am gantolebis fesvebi iqneba
a
λ + = 0 ; anu
h
o
2
a a ⎛ a ⎞
± − 4 2 ⎜
⎟
h0
h0
⎝ h0
⎠
λ 2,
3 =
;
2
1
a
= −
h
0
2
0
3
2
a
2 a a
λ 1 = − ; λ − λ + = 0 ; 2
h
h h
3 2
2
a a
+ ⋅i
h0
h0
λ 2 =
;
2
3
0
λ =
a
a
λ ; λ = ( 1+
i 3)
; λ = ( 1−
i 3)
2
2h0 Tu gamoviyenebT eileris formulas
β
e i
= cos β + i sin β
3
2h0 maSin (3.21) gantolebidan SeiZleba CavweroT, rom
a
Δ h
Δ h
() s
a
h
() s
= Ae
= Ae
a
− S
h0
a
− S
h0
+ Be
+ Be
a
h
a
( 1+
i 3 ) S
( 1−i
3 )S
2h
+ Ce
a
2h0 0
a a
a a
S iS 3
− iS
2h0 2h0
2h0
2h0
⋅ e
+ Ce
() ⎟ − S
S ⎛ ⎞
S ⎛ ⋅
⋅ ⎞
h
2 a 3 ⋅ s a 3 ⋅ s 2 a 3 s a 3 s
0
0
Δ = + ⎜
⎟
0
h s Ae Be
+ ⎜
⎜
cos + i sin
⎟
Ce
⎜
cos − i sin
⎝ 2h0
2h0
⎠ ⎝ 2h0
2h0
⎠
a
h
⋅ e
0
−
3
0
2
3a 2
h0
2
⋅i

Δh
a
−
a
h
a 3 ⋅ s
2h
h0
2 0
() s = Ae + ( B + C)
e cos + i(
B − C)
s
- 79 -
0
e
a
s
2h0
a 3 ⋅ s
sin
2h
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT a-s mniSvnelobas (3.13) gamosaxulebidan da
aRvniSnavT, rom B+C=B1 da maSin SeiZleba CavweroT
Δh
Δh
6μu
s
6μu
s
6μu
3
8Th
6μu
s
6μu
3
8Th
−3
3
3
3
3
3
Th0
8Th0
8Th0
() s = Ae + B e cos 3 3s
+ C e sin 3 3s
6μu
s
3μu
s
1
3μu
3
4Th
−3
3
3
3
3
3
Th0
4Th0
4Th0
() s = Ae + B e cos 3 3s
+ C e sin 3 3s
1
0
0
1
3μu
s
1
3μu
3
4Th
0
0
0
(3.22)
miRebul (3.22) gantolebaSi A, B1, C1 namdvili mudmivebia da
ganisazRvreba konkretuli amocanis pirobidan.
3.4. vakuum-dolis rgoluri Wvritis dguSiseul sivrcesTan
SemaerTebel naxvretSi siTxis uwyvet nakadad dinebis kvleva
ganvixiloT hidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave vakuum-dolis
lentTan sakontaqto WvriteSi, siTxis Sris sisqis Semcirebis
(minimumamde dayvanis) mizniT, vakuum-meqanizmebiT (dguSebiT) naxvretSi
siTxis uwyvet nakadad gawovis konkretuli SemTxveva (nax. 3.3.).
v0
p
p 0
dnax
Bl
nax. 3.3.
v
σ0
σ

vigulisxmoT, rom masobrivi Zala aris siTxis simZimis Zala da
naxvretis win RarSi da naxvretis Semdeg dguSiseul sivrceSi, wnevaTa
Soris sxvaobiT gamowveuli erTeulovani Zala.
kerZo SemTxvevaSi, roca siTxe ukumSia, SemosazRvrulia Sekruli
myari zedapiriT (Cvens SemTxvevaSi Raris konturebiT) da Z RerZi
SegviZlia mivmarToT vertikalurad zeviT, maSin SegviZlia bernulis
gantolebis mixedviT davweroT
2
v p
Z + + = const
2g
ρg
- 80 -
(3.23)
aRvniSnoT, rom σ aris naxvretis farTobi (ix. nax. 3.3.); σ 0 –
siTxis zedapiris farTobi RarSi; v – siTxis siCqare naxvretSi, v0 –
siTxis siCqare zedapiris wertilSi (RarSi); p 0 – siTxis wneva RarSi; p –
siTxis wneva dguSiseul sivrceSi.
Raris σ 0 zedapirSi gamavali siTxis raodenoba drois erTeulSi
iqneba _ σ 0v0, xolo naxvretSi gamavali siTxis raodenoba ki σv. siTxis
dinebis uwyvetobis pirobis mixedviT
σ 0 v0 = σv
(3.24)
(3.23)-is gaTvaliswinebiT SegviZlia davweroT
2
2
v0
p0
v p
zg + + = zg + +
2 ρ 2 ρ
(3.25)
(3.24) da (3.25) gamosaxulebebis saSualebiT SegviZlia
ganvsazRvroT naxvretSi siTxis dinebis siCqare
v
0
v
2
0
σ
= v ;
σ
(3.26)-Si (3.27)-is gaTvaliswinebiT
avRniSnoT p0 − p = Δp
maSin
0
2 p0
2 2 p
+ = v +
(3.26)
ρ ρ
v
2
v
σ
2
0
2
= 2
σ 0
2
v
(3.27)
2
2 σ 2 p0
− 2 p
− v = ,
2
σ ρ
2
2 ⎛ σ ⎞ 2Δp
v ⎜ ⎟
⎜
1− = 2
σ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ρ
0
(3.28)

da
2
2Δpσ
v =
(3.29)
ρ
0
2 2 ( σ −σ
)
xolo Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
maSin (3.28) gantolebidan
2
0
0
2
σ
≈ 0
σ
Δp
v =
ρ
2
naxvretSi gamavali siTxis xarji Q = σv
xolo naxvretis kveTis aucilebeli farTobi
2
2
Q
⎛ πd
⎞ nax Q
σ = ; anu ⎜ ⎟ = 2
v
⎜ 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ v
am gamosaxulebidan
2 ( d )
saidanac naxvretis diametri
d
() 1
2
8ρQ
π Δp
- 81 -
2
(3.30)
(3.31)
(3.32)
2
nax = (3.33)
2
= 0,
95
Q ⋅
ρ
Δp
nax
4
(3.34)
rogorc (3.34) gamosaxulebidan Cans naxvretis diametris sidide
pirdapirproporciulia siTxis saWiro xarjisa da misi siblantisa da
ukuproporciulia wnevaTa sxvaobisa, romelic amZravis amuSavebisTanave
myisurad izrdeba dolisa da lentis sakontaqto WvriteSi (RarSi,
perforaciaSi, maTi kombinaciiTYSeqmnil arxSi da a.S.).
e.i. damokidebuleba SeiZleba CavweroT
d
nax
⎛ Q
= f
⎜
⎝
, ρ ⎞
⎟
Δp
⎠
es piroba aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT sakonveiero
amZravis konstruirebisa da damzadebis dros.
Tu (3.30) gamosaxulebas, ragind mcire, magram nulisagan gansxva-
vebul mniSvnelobas mivaniWebT, maSin (3.32)-Si (3.28)-is gaTvaliswinebiT

Q
v
2
σ =
2
; 2
da
2
0
2
ρσ
Q
2
2 ⎛ σ ⎞
ρ ⎜
⎜1−
⎟
2
⎝ σ 0 ⎠
2Δp
2
2 −2
2
σ =
; σ ( ρσ 0 ) ρ
2 1
σ = anu
2
2Δp
σ + Q ρ
Q
2
0
(3.36) gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
d
xolo d ( 2)
2
nax(2)
- 82 -
2
0
2
2Δp + Q = Q
2
2 Q ρ
σ = (3.35)
2
Q ρ
2Δp
+
σ
4Q
= ⋅
π
2 2
Q ρσ 0
= (3.36)
2
2Δpσ + Q ρ
2
σ 2
0
2
2
2 ⎛ πd
⎞ nax σ = ⎜ , maSin
⎜
⎝
4 ⎟⎟
⎠
2
ρσ
2
2Δpσ
+ Q
0
ρσ
0
nax = 0,
95 Q ⋅ 4
2
0
(3.37)
2 2
Δpσ
0 + Q ρ
2
σ
amgvarad, Tu CaTvliT, rom ≈ 0 , maSin naxvretis diametrs
2
σ
viangariSebT (3.34) formuliT; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi angariSs Cava-
tarebT (3.37) gamosaxulebiT. ganvsazRvroT (3.34) da (3.37) gamosaxulebebiT
naangariSeb diametrebs Soris sxvaoba.
0
amisaTvis (3.37) gantolebis fesqveSa gamosaxuleba warmovadginoT
qvemoT motanili saxiT:
2
2
2 2
ρσ ρ ⎛ ρσ ρ ⎞
0
0
ρ Q ρ
= + ⎜
2 2
2 2
2 2
pσ 0 Q ρ p ⎜
− ⎟ = +
Δ + Δ pσ
0 Q ρ p ⎟
⎝ Δ + Δ ⎠ Δp
Δp
σ 0 + ΔpQ
maSin (3.37) formula SeiZleba CavweroT
d
nax
( 2)
=
0,
95
Q ⋅
xolo sxvaoba, sm
=
− d
dnax 1
( 2)
nax(
)
0,
95
Q ⋅
4
4
=
ρ ⎛
⎜
Δp
⎜
⎝
2 2
ρ Q ρ
+ 2
Δp
Δp
σ + ΔpQ
0,
95
4
⎛
Q ⋅ ⎜
⎜
⎝
4
2
0
2
ρ
2
Q ρ ⎞
1+
−1⎟
2 2
Δpσ
+ ⎟
0 Q ρ
⎠
2
ρ
2 2
ρ Q ρ
+
−
2 2
2
Δp
Δp
σ + ΔpQ
ρ
0
4
ρ ⎞
⎟ =
Δp
⎟
⎠
2
ρ
(3.38)

davuSvaT, rom siTxis (wylis) temperatura t, °C=18°, maSin
ρ=0,00105 dkn/mwm; Δp=0,95 kg/sm 2 =9500 dkn/m 2 ;
Qmax=504 sm 3 ; b×l×h=3,36×250×0,6 sm 3 (SerCeuli etalonuri modelisaTvis)
Qmin=50,4 sm 3 ; b×l×h=2×42×0,6 sm 3 (laboratoriuli stendisaTvis)
σ0(max)= 840 sm 2 , SerCeuli etalonuri modelisaTvis;
σ0(min)= 84 sm 2 , laboratoriuli stendisaTvis;
am monacemebis mixedviT laboratoriuli stendisaTvis (3.38)
gantolebidan miviRebT
( d − d )
=
=
nax
0,
95
0,
95
( 2)
nax(
1)
⋅ 7,
099 ⋅
= 1,223170 ⋅10
( d − d )
nax
4
min
0,
95
1,10526 ⋅10
⋅ 7,
099 ⋅ 0,018233⋅
−9
=
sm
50,
4
-7
⋅
⎛
⋅⎜
⎜
⎝
4
4
0,
00105 ⎛
⎜
9500 ⎜
⎝
4
2
50,
4 ⋅ 0,
00105
1+
2 2
9500 ⋅84
+ 50,
4 ⋅ 0,
00105
2,667168 ⎞
1+
−1⎟
=
67032000 + 2,667168 ⎟
⎠
4
-8
( 1+
3,978965 ⋅10
−1)
= 0,12296426365
⋅ ( 1,000000009947
-1)
xolo SerCeuli modelisaTvis
( 2)
nax(
1)
= 3,868024 ⋅10
max
−9
sm
0,
95
504 ⋅
4
= 0,
95 ⋅ 22,44994432
⋅ 1,10526 ⋅10
= 0,
95 ⋅ 22,44994432
⋅ 0,018233⋅
=
4
0,
00105 ⎛
⎜
9500 ⎜
⎝
-7
⎛
⋅⎜
⎜
⎝
4
4
266,7168 ⎞
1+
−1⎟
=
6703200000 + 266,7168 ⎟
⎠
- 83 -
⎞
−1⎟
=
⎟
⎠
2
504 ⋅ 0,
00105 ⎞
1+
−1⎟
=
2 2
9500 ⋅840
+ 504 ⋅ 0,
00105 ⎟
⎠
4
-8
( 1+
3,9789472 ⋅10
−1)
= 0,3888633⋅
( 1,000000009947
-1)
aqedan gamomdinare (3.34) gamosaxulebiT naxvretis diametris
naangariSebi sidide dasaSvebi cdomilebis areSia, amitom proeqtirebisas,
rogorc SedarebiT martivs, rekomendacia eZleva (3.34) formuliT
sargeblobas. gavarCioT (3.34) gamosaxuleba detalurad
d
nax
() 1
=
0,
95
Q ⋅
4
ρ
Δp
=
=

cxrili 3.1.
, ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi ρ =f (t, ° C)
ρ
Δp
4
0.001797 0.001518 0.001307 0.001140 0.001004 0.000895 0.000803 0.000655 0.000551 0.000470 0.000407 0.000357 0.000317 0.000284
ρ ⋅10-6 dkn/mwm
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
t, °C
Δp, atm
Δp
dkn/m 2
500 0,05 0.043541 0.041742 0.040209 0.038858 0.037644 0.036577 0.035599 0.033831 0.032400 0.031137 0.030037 0.029069 0.028218 0.027453
1000 0,10 0.036613 0.035101 0.033812 0.032676 0.031654 0.030758 0.029935 0.028449 0.027245 0.026183 0.025258 0.024444 0.023728 0.023085
2000 0,20 0.030788 0.029516 0.028432 0.027477 0.026618 0.025864 0.025172 0.023922 0.022910 0.022017 0.021239 0.020555 0.019953 0.019412
3000 0,30 0.027820 0.026671 0.025691 0.024828 0.024052 0.023371 0.022746 0.021616 0.020702 0.019895 0.019192 0.018573 0.018030 0.017541
4000 0,40 0.025889 0.024820 0.023909 0.023105 0.022383 0.021749 0.021167 0.020116 0.019265 0.018514 0.017860 0.017284 0.016778 0.016324
- 84 -
5000 0,50 0.024485 0.023473 0.022611 0.021852 0.021169 0.020569 0.020019 0.019025 0.018220 0.017510 0.016891 0.016346 0.015868 0.015438
6000 0,60 0.023394 0.022427 0.021604 0.020878 0.020225 0.019653 0.019127 0.018177 0.017408 0.016730 0.016138 0.015618 0.015161 0.014750
7000 0,70 0.022509 0.021580 0.020787 0.020089 0.019461 0.018910 0.018404 0.017490 0.016750 0.016097 0.015528 0.015028 0.014588 0.014192
8000 0,80 0.021770 0.020871 0.020105 0.019429 0.018822 0.018289 0.017799 0.016916 0.016200 0.015569 0.015018 0.014534 0.014109 0.013726
9000 0,90 0.021139 0.020265 0.019521 0.018865 0.018276 0.017758 0.017283 0.016425 0.015730 0.015117 0.014583 0.014113 0.013699 0.013328
9500 0,95 0.020855 0.019993 0.019259 0.018612 0.018030 0.017520 0.017051 0.016204 0.015519 0.014914 0.014387 0.013923 0.013516 0.013149
10000 -1 0.020589 0.019739 0.019014 0.018375 0.017801 0.017296 0.016834 0.015998 0.015321 0.014724 0.014204 0.013746 0.013343 0.012982

cxrili 3.2
, ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi ρ =f (t, ° C)
2 Δ p
ρ
=
cxrilis
v
0.001797 0.001518 0.001307 0.001140 0.001004 0.000895 0.000803 0.000655 0.000551 0.000470 0.000407 0.000357 0.000317 0.000284
p⋅10-6 dkn/mwm
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
t, °C
Δp, atm
Δp
dkn/m 2
500 0,05 746.0 811.6 874.7 936.6 998.0 1057.0 1115.9 1235.6 1347.2 1458.6 1567.5 1673.7 1776.1 1876.5
1000 0,10 1055.0 1147.8 1237.0 1419.1 1411.4 1494.9 1578.2 1747.4 1905.2 2062.8 2216.8 2366.9 2511.8 2653.7
2000 0,20 1492.0 1623.3 1749.4 1687.6 1996.0 2114.1 2231.9 2471.2 2694.4 2917.3 3135.0 3347.3 3552.2 3752.9
3000 0,30 1827.3 1988.1 2142.6 1867.6 2444.6 2589.2 2733.5 3026.6 3299.9 3572.9 3839.5 4099.6 4350.6 4596.4
4000 0,40 2109.9 2295.7 2474.0 2006.9 2822.8 2989.7 3156.4 3494.8 3810.4 4125.7 4433.5 4733.8 5023.6 5307.4
- 85 -
5000 0,50 2359.0 2566.6 2766.1 2122.0 3156.0 3342.6 3528.9 3907.3 4260.1 4612.7 4956.8 5292.6 5616.6 5933.9
6000 0,60 2584.1 2811.6 3030.1 2221.0 3457.2 3661.7 3865.7 4280.3 4666.8 5052.9 5429.9 5797.7 6152.6 6500.3
7000 0,70 2791.2 3036.9 3272.9 2308.2 3734.2 3955.1 4175.5 4623.2 5040.7 5457.8 5865.0 6262.2 6645.6 7021.1
8000 0,80 2983.9 3246.6 3498.8 2386.6 3992.0 4228.1 4463.8 4942.4 5388.7 5834.6 6269.9 6694.6 7104.4 7505.9
9000 0,90 3164.9 3443.5 3711.1 2457.9 4234.2 4484.6 4734.5 5242.2 5715.6 6188.5 6650.3 7100.7 7535.4 7961.2
9500 0,95 3251.6 3537.9 3812.8 2491.3 4350.2 4607.5 4864.3 5385.9 5872.2 6358.1 6832.5 7295.3 7741.9 8179.3
10000 -1 3336.1 3629.8 3911.8 2523.5 4463.2 4727.2 4990.7 5525.8 6024.8 6523.3 7010.0 7484.8 7943.0 8391.8

am gamosaxulebaSi ρ aris rgoluri Wvritis, dolis zedapiris
arxebis, centraluri naxvretisa da dguSiseuli sivrcis sawyisi mocu-
lobis Semavsebeli siTxis (wylis) siblante, romelic mniSvnelovnad
icvleba temperaturis gavleniT. viTvaliswinebT ra im farTo (areals)
diapazons, romelSic muSaoba uxdeba lenturi konveieris amZravs,
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia siTxis (wylis) siblante ganvixiloT tempera-
turis cvlilebis t =0÷100 °C-is zRvrebSi. Sesabamisad warmovadgineT
(3.34) gamosaxulebiT naangariSebi Sedegebis is ganmasxvavebeli
mniSvnelobebi, romelic miiReba 4
- 86 -
ρ
Tanamamravlis cvlilebiT.
Δp
Sedegebi warmodgenilia cxr. 3.1-Si. mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs ganicdis
siTxis moZraobis siCqarec. misi savaraudo cvlilebebis saorientacio
mniSvnelobebi, rogorc temperaturisa da siblantis, aseve vakuumis
mixedviT mocemulia cxr. 3.2.
miRebuli cxrilebis (cxr. 3.1 da 3.2) saSualebiT, nebismieri
sididis vakuumisa da diametris dolisaTvis, romelic brunvis sixSiriT
da geometriuli zomebiT eqvemdebareba standartiT gaTvaliswinebul
monacemebs, SegviZlia viangariSoT dolis sakontaqto zedapiris da avm-
is damakavSirebeli naxvretis diametri, romelic siTxis nakadis
uwyvetad gadadinebas uzrunvelyofs, Wvritedan dguSiseul sivrceSi.
amasTan, aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom es procesi unda
dasruldes dolis mTeli sakontaqto zedapiris 10-20 %-ze e.i.
“SedarebiTi simSvidis rkalze”; amisaTvis, vangariSobT Raris Sesatyvisi
moculobis siTxis im mniSvnelobas, romlis uwyvet nakadad gadadineba
SesaZlebelia “SedarebiTi simSvidis” ubanSi vakuumuri meqanizmebis
saSualebiT (misive dguSiseul sivrceSi).
( 0,
1÷
0,
2)
πRd
v
vSesaZlo =
vcxrili
= 628
v
v
lenti
(3.39) gamosaxulebaSi
cxrili
( 0,
314 ÷ 0,
) Rd
lenti
(3.39)
Δp
v =
ρ
2
cxrili da misi mniSvnelobebi aiReba
3.2 cxrilidan Sesabamisi svetis _ Δp da striqonis ρ=f(t °C) gadakveTaze.

aseve, cxr. 3.1. aiReba 4
ρ
gamosaxulebis ricxviTi mniSvnelobebi, xolo
Δp
lentis (dolis) standartuli siCqare Sesabamis sacnobaro litera-
turidan [88, 89, 90, 91, 92].
cxrilSi 3.2-Si mocemulia erTeulovan droSi naxvretidan uwyvet
nakadad momdinare siTxis siCqare (xarji). rogorc cxrilidan naTlad
Cans siTxis siCqare, temperaturis zrdiT (da Sesabamisad siblantis
SemcirebiT) izrdeba. ase magaliTad 500 dkn/m 2 gaiSviaTebisas da 0 °C-dan
100 °C-mde siTxis temperaturis momatebiT, siTxis siCqare (xarji)
icvleba 746-dan 1876-mde m/wm. erTidaigive simkvrivisas (mag. ρ=179⋅10 -6
dkn/mwm) ki izrdeba ra vakuumis mniSvneloba 5000 pa-dan 100 000-mde, 0 °C
garemosa da Sesabamisad siTxis temperaturisas, siTxis siCqare da
Sesabamisad xarji izrdeba 746-dan 3336-mde m/wm. xolo Tu temperatura
100 °C miaRwevs maSin siTxis siCqare vakuumis imave zRvrebSi cvlile-
bebisas 1876-dan 8392-mde m/wm izrdeba.
aRniSnuli faqti da is SemTxveva, rom konveieris amZravi muSaobas
iwyebs, sakontaqto zedapirze _ WvriteSi SedarebiT didi siblantis
mqone siTxiT (dabali temperaturis gamo) da vakuumis gareSe, rac
amZravis srulfasovan amuSavebamde gagrZeldeba, gvafiqrebinebs, _
naxvretis zoma, romelSic siTxem uwyvet nakadad unda idinos, saWiroa
gavTvaloT (3.2.) cxrilis v cxrilis da vakuumis sididis saSualo
(Sesabamisi) mniSvnelobis mixedviT (3.38) formuliT, xolo vakuumis
Seqmnis zonad unda miviRoT “SedarebiTi simSvidis” ubnis raRac
garkveuli nawili (misi sidide mniSvnelovnad iqneba damokidebuli avm-is
dguSis svlis maqsimalur mniSvnelobaze, rac Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs
muSta meqanizmis profils _ simrudes da misi eqscentrisitetis
mniSvnelobas). ubnis am nawilis sididis gaTvaliswineba moxdeba (3.38)
formulis mricxvelSi (0,1÷0,2) ricxvebidan, an mis maxloblobaSi
romelime saWiro cifris CasmiT.
nax. 3.4 warmodgenilia (3.2. cxrilis monacemebiT agebuli) vakuum-
dolis muSaobis sami reJimis Sesabamisi mrudi:
- 87 -

ρ,
dkn/mwm
2000 -1 2 3 3336 4 5
1600
1200
800
400
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,05
Δp
dkn/m 2
746
1492
1876
2791
6 7
3164
2984
2359
2110
3753
0 700 2100 3500
nax. 3.4.
4900 6300 7700
- 88 -
5307
5934
7021
8392
7506
7961
v, m/wm
mrudi – 1 aRwers process, rodesac v=f(ρ), ρ=f(t) da t=(0÷100) °C. am
dros Δp=500 dkn/m 2 =const;
mrudi – 3 aRwers process, rodesac v=f(Δp), Δp=0,05→-1 anu 500
dkn/m 2- dan 10 000-mde. Aam dros t=0 °C, xolo ρ=0,001797 dkn/mwm;
mrudi _ 2 aRwers process, rodesac v=f(ρ), ρ=f(t) da t=(0÷100) °C. am
dros Δp≈-1 anu 10 000 dkn/m 2 = const;
mrudi _ 4 aRwers process, v=f(Δp), Δp=0,05→-1 anu 500 dkn/m 2 -dan 10
000 dkn/m 2 -mde. am dros t=100 °C, xolo ρ=0,000284 dkn/mwm.
mrudi – 5 aRwers process, rodesac v=f(ρ), ρ=f(t°C) da t=(0÷100) °C. am
dros Δp=0,2 anu 2000 dkn/m 2 =const, xolo ρ=(284÷1797)⋅10 -6 ;
mrudi _ 6 aRwers process, rodesac v=f(Δp), Δp=0,05→-1 anu 500
dkn/m 2- dan 10 000-mde. Aam dros t=20 °C, xolo ρ=0,001004=const dkn/mwm;

1-3 da 2-4 reJimebis aRmweri mrudebi gadakveTis wertilebiT
gvaZleven im optimalur reJimebs, romelTa saSualebiT SegviZlia
ganvsazRvroT naxvretis optimaluri diametris saangariSod ρ da Δp-s
sawyisi monacemebi. maTive saSualebiT (3.39) formuliT ganisazRvreba
sakontaqto zedapiris vakuumuri arxis saorientacio moculoba, rome-
lic Semdgom grZiv parametrebSi gadaiTvleba yoveli konkretuli
SemTxvevisas. aseTi reJimuli wertilebis moZebna SesaZlebelia yoveli
konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvis cxrilebis (3.1) da (3.2)-is monacemebis
saSualebiT.
ganvixiloT Cvens mier SerCeuli:
a) laboratoriuli vakuum-dolisa (ix. winamdebare naSromis
Sesavali nawili); da
b) bazisuri (etalonuri) modelis vakuum-dolis magaliTze v SesaZlo-s
mniSvnelobis (3.39) gantolebiT da naxvretis d nax diametris optimaluri
zomis (3.34) gamosaxulebis gaangariSebis meTodika (wesi).
a) laboratoriuli vakuum-dolisaTvis B l=0,5 m; D d=0,36 m; α=180°;
Δp=0,95; v d=1,25÷1,6 m/wm; t=20 °C; maSin nax. 3.4.-dan (1-3) mrudebis reJimuli
wertilidan Δp≈0,2 dkn/m 2 -dan v=1600 m/wm; Sesabamisad cxrilidan (3.2)
viRebT (Δp-v)-saTvis ρ=1518⋅10 -6 da v cxr=1623 xolo 3.1 cxrilidan (ρ-Δpmax)
mixedviT 4
d
v
ρ
-s mniSvnelobas _ 0,01999; da bolos
Δp
0,
15πR
v
SesaZlo =
d
vcxrili
lenti
xolo
=
0,
15
⋅
3,
14
1,
0
⋅
- 89 -
0,
18
⋅1623
= 137,
59794 , m/wm
= 0,
95
ρ
Q ⋅ 4 = 0,
95⋅
Δp
−6
1518⋅10
138 ⋅ 4
0,
2
= 0,
95⋅11,
747 ⋅0,029516
= 0,
33 , sm
b) analogiurad iangariSeba bazisuri modelisaTvis Bl=3,2 m;
nax
D=2,674 m; α=180°; Δp=0,95 dkn/sm 2 ; v d=8,4 m/wm; t=20 °C;
v
0,
15πR
v
SesaZlo =
d
vcxrili
lenti
=
0,
15
⋅
3,
14
1,
0
⋅
1,
337
⋅ 5242 =
3301,
0289
, m/wm
xolo
dnax
= 0,
95
ρ
Q ⋅ 4 = 0,
95⋅
Δp
−6
1518⋅10
3301 ⋅ 4
0,
95
= 0,
95⋅
57,
454⋅
0,29516 = 1,611 sm

Tavi IV. Teoriuli, eqsperimentuli da kompiuteruli
kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi analizi
4.1. Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi
analizi
mecnieruli kvlevis utyuarobisa da dasabuTebulobis dadas-
turebis mizniT, winamdebare TavSi, movaxdineT Cvens mier Sesrulebuli
Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli gamokvlevis Sedegebis urTierTTanxvdeni-
lobis dasaSveb zRvrebSi arsebobis analizi. imavdroulad viTvaliswi-
nebdiT da veyrdnobodiT: makroelastohidrodinamikis, vakuumSi fizikuri
procesebis, moculobiTi hidravlikuri manqanebis muSaobis Teoriis,
tribonikis da saerTod meqanikis zogad debulebebs.
Teoriuli kvlevebis Sedegad miviReT vakuum-dolis sakontaqto
zedapirebisaa da maTi vakuumis wyaroebTan SemaerTebeli kvanZebis ∗ (Cveni
SemTxvevisaTvis wriulamonaCarxebiani grZivi Rarebis moculobebis avm-
is dguSiseul sivrcesTan SemaerTebeli _ naxvretebi) uxelsayrelesi
geometriul parametrebis (milsadenebis _ naxvretebis sigrZis da
diametris, grZivi arxebis moculobebis, maTi upiratesi geometriuli
formebisa da zomebis da a.S.) da rgolur WvriteSi mimdinare xaxunis
reJimis teqnologiuri procesis upirates pirobebSi warmarTvis Teo-
riuli sqema (ixile drekadhidrodinamikuri anu zomerfeldis ricxvTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi); rodesac cocia, _ Cveni SemTxvevisaTvis
sakonveiero lenti, _ sayrden zedapirze anu vakuum-dolis sakontaqto
zedapirze tangencialuri moZraobiT ganapirobebs misi Semkavebeli _
SemzeTi siTxis gamownexvas.
miviReT, rom gasauxSoebeli da gamauxSoebeli meqanizmebis
SemaerTebeli elementis, _ naxvretis diamteri (ix. 3.33).
d
= 0,
95
Q ⋅
nax
4
(4.1)
∗
koleqtorian vakuum-dolebSi igi warmoadgens sakmarisad grZel da rTullabirinTul
recipientebs (vakuum-arxebs).
- 90 -
ρ
Δp

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom am gamosaxulebaSi erTeulovani
drosTvis Q=v, maSin
Δp
Q =
ρ
2
;
d nax-is mniSvnelobis saangariSod saWiroa daviTvaloT grZivi
arxis moculobis (v=Q)-s is realuri mniSvneloba, romlidanac `drekadi
srialis~ rkalis garbenamde, siTxe uwyvet nakadad, gadadindeba
dguSiseul sivrceSi amitom vsargeblobT (3.38) gamosaxulebiT
( 0 , 1÷
0,
2)
πRd
Q = vSesaZlo
=
vcxr
(4.2)
v
lent
v SesaZlo-s miRebuli mniSvneloba warmoadgens vakuum-dolis
sakontaqto zedapiris grZivi arxis moculobas, xolo (4.1) gamosaxu-
lebiT naangariSevi d nax-is mniSvneloba warmoadgens wriuli amonaCar-
xebis erTmaneTTan da avm-is dguSiseul sivrcesTan SemaerTebeli grZivi
Rarebis siganes.
eqsperimentuli monacemebis mixedviT wriuli amonaCarxebis
optimaluri diametri d amonaC=3d nax; xolo amonaCarxebis centrebs Soris
manZili l amonaC=2d amonaC=6d nax.
amonaCarxebis raodenoba erT grZiv arxze
n
amonaC
grZivi arxebis biji
=
Bl
− 2d
2d
amonaC
amonaC
amonaC
- 91 -
B
=
6d
l
nax
−1
t = ( 4 ÷ 4,
5)
⋅ d = ( 12 ÷ 13,
5)
⋅ d
arxebis raodenoba dolis sakontaqto zedapirze
grZivi arxis farTobi
( 3d
)
πDd
πDd
D
n arx = =
= ( 0,
26 ÷ 0.
23)
t ( 12 ÷ 13,
5)
d
d
πd
4
nax
Sarx =
2
amonaC ⋅ namonaC
+ namonaC
⋅ dnax
⋅
⎛
B
2
nax
l
l
Sarx = ⋅⎜
1⎟
⎜ 1⎟
⋅ dnax
⋅3
4 ⎜
−
6d
⎟
+
⎜
−
nax 6d
⎟
nax
π
⎝
⎞
⎠
⎛
⎝
B
⎞
⎠
d
nax
d
nax
amonaC
da bolos wriulamonaCarxebiani grZivi arxis farTobi
d
nax

S = d 1,
678B
−10,
065d
)
(4.3)
arx
nax ( l
nax
gamosaxulebis (3.39) da (4.2) mixedviT
v
SesaZlo
0,
1πD
=
v
- 92 -
lent
xolo vakuum-dolis SerCeuli etalonuri modelisaTvis
lent
d
v
cxr
0, 1πDd
0,
1⋅3,
14⋅
2,
674
vSesaZlo = vcxr
=
vcxr
= 0,
0999⋅
v
v
8,
4
cxr
(4.4)
maSin (4.3.) da (4.4) gamosaxulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT etalonuri
modelis Raris siRrme
h
Raris
v
=
s
SesaZlo
arxisa
=
d
nax
0,
0999
( 1,
678B
l
⋅ v
cxr
−10,
065d
amgvarad, vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapiris yvela geometriuli
zoma gamosaxulia naxvretis d nax diametris vakuum-dolis D dol _ diamet-
ris da sakonveiero lentis B lent siganis saSualebiT. aRniSnuli paramet-
rebis angariSisas vsargeblobT (cxrili 3.2)-is monacemebiT, saidanac
cxrilis ricxviT mniSvnelobebs virCevT im regionis gabatonebuli
klimaturi pirobebis mixedviT, sadac unda imuSaos dasaproeqtebelma
obieqtma (lenturma konveierma, modernizebuli vakuum-amZraviT).
4.2. kompiuteruli kvlevis Sedegebi da maTi analizi
zemoT motanili saproeqto samuSaoebis Sesrulebis Semdeg,
kompiuteruli modelirebis saSualebiT, movaxdineT Cvens mier
daproeqtebuli da gaangariSebuli vakuum-dolis sakontaqto zedapirisa
da sakonveiro lentis rgolur WvriteSi siTxis Sris sisqisa da mTeli
Semoxvevis kuTxis [orive: “SedarebiTi simSvidis” [0÷0,2]π da „drekadi
srialis“ (0,2÷π ) radianze] sazRvrebSi misi cvlilebis Seswavla.
aRniSnulis ganxorcielebis mizniT Cvens mier miRebul (3.22.)
gamosaxulebaSi А, В1, С1 namdvili mudmivebis gansazRvrisa da Δh(s)-is
cvlilebis kompiuteruli modelis SedgenisaTvis visargebleT qvemoT
nax
)

motanili konkretuli magaliTis pirobebiT. kerZod: Tu (3.16)
gamoaxulebaSi
h
Δ h = 1− gaviTvaliswinebT „SedarebiTi simSvidis“ da
h
0
„drekadi srialis“ Sesabamis rkalebze vakuumis Seqmnisa da siTxis
drenaJirebis
CavweroT:
Cvens mier SemoTavazebul procesebs, maSin SeiZleba
„SedarebiTi simSvidis“ rkalis centralur nawilSi h=h0
amitom S=0,1π, maSin h=h0 da Δh(s)=0;
agreTve S=0,1π, da h=h0 da (Δh(s))′=0;
xolo, rodesac 0,1π

h
αmax=π rad _ dolze lentis Semoxvevis kuTxe;
p=0,35÷0,95 dkn/sm 2 _ vakuumis sidide;
R=133,7 sm _ vakuum-dolis radiusi;
B l=320 sm _ lentis sigane;
E=6000÷20000 dkn/sm lentis drekadobis moduli;
n arx=50 _ dolze vakuum-arxebis saerTo raodenoba;
m=6,5÷9,5 simtkicis maragis koeficienti.
0
⎛ 6μU
⎞
= 0, 643R⎜
⎟
⎝ T ⎠
2
3
nawilSi siTxis Sris sisqe;
_ `SedarebiTi simSvidis rkalis~ centralur
vakuum-dolis etalonuri modelis sakontaqto zedapirze arxebis
saerTo raodenoba n arx=50 ; maTgan rgoluri Wvritis (0,2÷π ) radiani
kuTxis Sesabamisi `SedarebiTi simSvidis rkalze~ ganTavsdeba (4÷5) arxi-
nomrebiT K=24, 23, 22, 21. danarCeni 20÷1 vakuum-arxi (0,2π÷π) radianis tol
kuTxeze `drekadi srialiT~ imuSavebs mTel sakontaqto zedapirze
vakuumis danakargebis TandaTanobiTi kompensaciiT K=20-dan K=1-ken.
ganvixiloT vakuum-dolis muSaobis ori SesaZlo reJimi:
1) `SedarebiTi simSvidis~ rkalis K=24÷21 arxebSi vakuumis sawyisi
mniSvneloba p=0,35 dkn/sm 2 ; xolo (0,2π_π) radianis `drekadi srialis
rkalze~ miviRoT vakuumis zrda p=0,35-dan 0,95 dkn/sm 2 -mde, K=20-dan K=1-ken
vakuum-arxisaken zrdis bijiT 0,03÷0,1 dkn/sm 2 (mxedvelobaSi miiReba
vakuumis kargvebic);
2) `SedarebiTi simSvidis~ rkalis K=24÷21 arxebSi vakuumi aRwevs
maqsimalur p=0,95 dkn/sm 2 mniSvnelobas. K=20-dan K=1-ken vakuum-arxebSi ki
`drekadi srialiT~ xdeba mTel sakontaqto zedapirze Seqmnili vakuumis
SenarCuneba (aRniSnul process adgili eqneba uxvad dasvelebuli da
dguSiseuli sivrcis siTxiT maqsimalurad Sevsebis SemTxvevaSi). (ix. IV
Tavis danarTi II).
yvela SesaZlo varianti monacemi Setanili iqna kompiuterSi Δh(s)-
is, S=0÷π, radianis sazRvrebSi, cvlilebis SeswavlisaTvis. ori maTgani
IV Tavs Tan erTvis.
- 94 -

p R B μ δ P=F2/2 U1 U ho a
0.35 133.7 320 0.63 0.1167 14974.4 0.005 0.003366247 0.004859 0.840583
F1 F2 Fo S exp(-aS) exp(aS/2) cos(1.73aS/2) sin(1.73aS/2) b1(S=π/10) b2(S=π) b3(S=π/10)
186789 29949 480000 0.31416 0.767914 1.141152647 0.974023753 0.226445862 0 1 0
3.1416 0.071306 3.744875807 -0.654465666 0.756091722
a11 a12 a13 a21 a22 a23 a31 a32 a33
0.76791 1.1115 0.2584 0.071306 -2.450893 2.831469598 -0.645495682 0.266977922 0.266975
1.2
D Dx Dy Dz X=Dx/D Y=Dy/D Z=Dz/D
-3.5395 -0.2278 0.3718 -0.92249 0.064346 -0.10504681 0.260625535
1
0.8
0.6
dh
0.4
0.2
a S exp(-aS) exp(aS/2) cos(1.73aS/2) sin(1.73aS/2)
0.84058 0.1 0.3142 0.767914 1.141153 0.974023753 0.226445862
0.84058 0.2 0.6283 0.589692 1.302229 0.897444543 0.441127297
0.84058 0.3 0.9425 0.452832 1.486042 0.774240851 0.632891069
0.84058 0.4 1.2566 0.347736 1.695801 0.610813416 0.791774571
0.84058 0.5 1.5708 0.267032 1.935168 0.4156527 0.90952341
0.84058 0.6 1.885 0.205057 2.208322 0.19889779 0.980020239
0.84058 0.7 2.1991 0.157466 2.520033 -0.02819036 0.999602573
0.84058 0.8 2.5133 0.120921 2.875742 -0.25381394 0.96725306
0.84058 0.9 2.8274 0.092857 3.281661 -0.46625126 0.884652339
0.84058 1 3.1416 0.071306 3.744876 -0.65446567 0.756091722
- 95 -
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
S
IV Tavis danarTi 1.
0.6 0 0.6 0.3 10 0.08535188 0.35 20 0.02833 S dH
0.57 1 0.5027 0.27 11 0.067743056 0.35 21 0.024984 0.31416 0
0.54 2 0.42 0.24 12 0.053103292 0.35 22 0.022033 0.62832 0.064894637
0.51 3 0.3498 0.21 13 0.040976861 0.35 23 0.01943 0.94248 0.153395133
0.48 4 0.2903 0.18 14 0.03097427 Σ 0.094777 1.25664 0.263506102
0.45 5 0.24 0.15 15 0.022762975 ΣΣ 3.431637 1.5708 0.391409279
0.42 6 0.1976 0.12 16 0.016059358 1.88496 0.53110086
0.39 7 0.1618 0.09 17 0.010621813 2.19912 0.674118853
0.36 8 0.1317 0.06 18 0.006244772 2.51328 0.809403089
0.33 9 0.1065 0.03 19 0.002753568 2.82744 0.923334345
Σ 3.0003 Σ 0.336591843 3.1416 1

p R B μ δ P=F2/2 U1 U ho a
0.95 133.7 320 0.63 0.1167 40644.8 0.005 0.000565495 0.00076 2.125058
F1 F2 Fo S exp(-aS) exp(aS/2) cos(1.73aS/2) sin(1.73aS/2) b1(S=π/10) b2(S=π) b3(S=π/10)
507002 81290 480000 0.31416 0.512934 1.39626964 0.837840381 0.545915283 0 1 0
3.1416 0.001261 28.16391009 0.873537261 -0.486757284
a11 a12 a13 a21 a22 a23 a31 a32 a33
0.51293 1.1699 0.7622 0.001261 24.60222 -13.7089884 -1.090014394 -0.159564455 -0.159575
1.2
D Dx Dy Dz X=Dx/D Y=Dy/D Z=Dz/D
34.7864 0.0651 0.749 -1.19331 0.00187 0.021531613 -0.034303922
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
dh
0.2
0
a S exp(-aS) exp(aS/2) cos(1.73aS/2) sin(1.73aS/2)
2.12506 0.1 0.3142 0.512934 1.39627 0.837840381 0.545915283
2.12506 0.2 0.6283 0.263101 1.949569 0.403953007 0.914779737
2.12506 0.3 0.9425 0.134954 2.722124 -0.1609441 0.986963524
2.12506 0.4 1.2566 0.069222 3.800819 -0.67364394 0.739056052
2.12506 0.5 1.5708 0.035506 5.306968 -0.96786809 0.251458484
2.12506 0.6 1.885 0.018212 7.409958 -0.94819399 -0.317691907
2.12506 0.7 2.1991 0.009342 10.3463 -0.62100235 -0.783808702
2.12506 0.8 2.5133 0.004792 14.44622 -0.0924077 -0.995721255
2.12506 0.9 2.8274 0.002458 20.17082 0.466156551 -0.884702249
2.12506 1 3.1416 0.001261 28.16391 0.873537261 -0.486757284
- 96 -
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
-0.2
-0.4
S
IV Tavis danarTi 2.
0.6 0 0.6 0.3 10 0.08535188 0.35 20 0.02833 S dH
0.57 1 0.5027 0.27 11 0.067743056 0.35 21 0.024984 0.31416 0
0.54 2 0.42 0.24 12 0.053103292 0.35 22 0.022033 0.62832 -0.043729618
0.51 3 0.3498 0.21 13 0.040976861 0.35 23 0.01943 0.94248 -0.101343026
0.48 4 0.2903 0.18 14 0.03097427 Σ 0.094777 1.25664 -0.151360405
0.45 5 0.24 0.15 15 0.022762975 ΣΣ 3.431637 1.5708 -0.156307517
0.42 6 0.1976 0.12 16 0.016059358 1.88496 -0.070494424
0.39 7 0.1618 0.09 17 0.010621813 2.19912 0.13986355
0.36 8 0.1317 0.06 18 0.006244772 2.51328 0.464707275
0.33 9 0.1065 0.03 19 0.002753568 2.82744 0.814620683
Σ 3.0003 Σ 0.336591843 3.1416 1

ZiriTadi daskvnebi
lenturi konveierebis amZravi vakuum-dolebis da maTi arsebuli da
axali sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruqciebis muSaobis, rgolur
WvriteSi makro-elastohidrodinamikuri reJimisas vakuumis Seqmnis proce-
sebis analizis, sakontaqto zedapirze siTxis Sris sisqisa da misi
sadrenaJo efeqtis Teoriuli da eqsperimentuli gamokvlevis da
kompiuteruli modelirebis Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT miRebulia
Semdegi daskvnebi:
1. SemoTavazebuli axali konstruqciis sakontaqto zedapiri
warmoadgens sakonveiero lentisaTvis optimalur sayrden da mcire
sawyisi moculobis mqone centraluri gawovis vakuum-arxebiT warmoqmnil
sakontaqto vakuum-zedapirs.
2. avtonomiur vakuumurmeqanizmebiani (avm) amZravebi SemoTavaze-
buli axali sakontaqto zedapiriT, racionaluria da iZleva saSualebas:
_ sakontaqto zedapirze, rgolur WvriteSi, vakuumi Seiqmnas
praqtikulad ukumSvadi wveTovani siTxis (Txevadi dguSis) saSualebiT;
_ identuri wevis Zalebisas sxva tipis amZravebTan SedarebiT,
gamoyenebul iqnes ufro naklebi simtkicis lenti an gaizardos
sakonveiero dgaris sigrZe;
_ rogorc ganivi, aseve amZravis wriuli mimarTulebiT, maRali da
Tanabrad ganawilebuli vakuumis ganviTarebiT aamaRlos misi efeqturad
gamoyeneba margi qmedebis koeficientisa da amZravis sakontaqto
zedapirze dayvanili kuTri simZlavris gazrdiT;
_ vakuumis formireba davasruloT kompaqturi avm-iT mTeli
sakontaqto rgoluri Wvritis (0,05÷0,2)⋅α g Sesabamis rkalze, romelic
iwyeba amZravze lentis swrafobis wertilidan anu e.w. “SedarebiTi
simSvidis rkalze”;
3. makroelastohidrodinamikur reJimSi momuSave vakuum-dolis
lentur sakisarTan gaigivebis Semdeg, iteraciuli operaciebis saSuale-
biT, lenturi konveierebis amZravebis gaangariSebis TeoriaSi pirvelad,
gamoyenebuli iqna SezeTvis gaangariSebis klasikuri meTodebi.
- 97 -

4. makroelastodinamikur reJimSi, sakonveiero lentis drekadad
mosriale da vakuum-dolis zedapirebis wyvilis SezeTvis reJimisa da
xaxunis xasiaTis cvlilebis marTvis safuZvelze, zomerfeldis
ganzogadebuli ricxvis mniSvnelobis cvlilebiT gaizarda xaxunis
koeficientis mniSvneloba da, Sesabamisad, amZravis wevis faqtori da
misi wevis Zala.
5. navie-stoksisa da reinoldsis gantolebebze dayrdnobiT gani-
sazRvra dolisa da sakonveiero lentis sakontaqto WvriteSi siTxis
Sris h sisqe, misi h0 mniSvneloba Semoxvevis saZiebo kuTxis (α S.s.)
centralur nawilSi da maT Soris gansxvaveba Δh ori konkretuli
SemTxvevisaTvis: 1) rodesac sakontaqto zedapiri gayofilia ”drekadi
srialis” da aramosriale anu “SedarebiTi simSvidis” ubnebad da 2)
pirobisaTvis, romlis mixedviT sakontaqto zedapirze “simSvidis rkali”
ar arsebobs. orive SemTxvevisaTvis miRebulia gantolebebi Δh, h0 da h-is
gaangariSebisaTvis, ris safuZvelzec damuSavebulia vakuumis Seqmnis
procesis srulyofisaTvis sakontaqto zedapiris grZivi arxebis
optimaluri konstruqcia da gansazRvrulia maTi sawyisi aucilebeli
moculobis mniSvneloba.
6. damuSavebulia rgoluri Wvritedan vakuumis Semqmneli meqanizmis
(kerZo SemTxvevaSi dguSiseuli sivrcis) moculobasTan damakavSirebel
naxvretSi siTxis uwyvet nakadad gadadinebis gaangariSebis meTodika,
romelic uzrunvelyofs Tanabari da saWiro vakuumis sididis formi-
rebasa da SenarCunebas, romelic misaRebia nebismieri diametris
amZravisaTvis, lentis nebismieri siCqarisaTvis, temperaturuli reJimisa
da vakuumis saWiro sididis gaTvaliswinebiT.
7. fizikuri da kompiuteruli modelebis saSualebiT vakuum-
amZravebis vakuums daqvemdebarebuli moxaxune zedapirebis makrosimqi-
seebis, lokalur rezervuarebsa da kapilarebSi siTxis moZraobis
Teoriulad da eqsperimentulad Seswavlis safuZvelze dadgenilia
vakuum-amZravebis sakontaqto zedapirebisa da vakuumis Semqneli
meqanizmebis (vakuum-arxebis da maTi urTierTdamakavSirebeli kvanZebisa
da naxvretebis, cilindr-dguSebis da muSta meqanizmebis da a.S.)
optimaluri parametrebi.
- 98 -

8. Catarebuli kvleviTi samuSaoebis SedegebiT damuSavda teqnikuri
moTxovnebi vakuum-amZravebis yvela teqnologiuri rgolisaTvis,
romelmac gviCvena, rom Tanabari da aucilebeli vakuumis formireba
damokidebulia ara mxolod sakontaqto zedapirebis konstruqciisa da
vakuumis Semqneli meqanizmebis SesaZlo amotumbvis siswrafeze, aramed
maTi SemaerTebeli naxvretebis (recipientebis) gamtarobis unarzec.
- 99 -

gamoyenebuli literatura
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