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qarTuli enis saerTaSoriso centri International Center for Georgian ... qarTuli enis saerTaSoriso centri International Center for Georgian ...

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Seicavda) SigniT Zmobis grZnoba susti, xolo erTianoba aramyari iyo saimisod, rom ucxoTa pirispir sakuTari eTnikuri gansxvavebulobis gancda Seesabamebina winaparTa miwaze politikuri avtonomiurobis SenarCunebis survilisaTvis. klasobrivi gansxvavebebi moniSnuli iyo, mTels mosaxleobasa da teritoriaze susti iyo kultis msaxurebaSi masebis monawileoba (SesaZloa, iaponiis gamoklebiT), ekonomikuri erTianoba da samarTlebrivi standartizacia. iaponiaSi aseTi viTareba gaxldaT tokugava siogunTa dinastiamde (1603–1868). meCvidmete saukunidan gare samyarosagan iaponelTa gaZlierebulma izolaciam, saSualo klasis kulturisa da solidarobis zrdam, rasac xels uwyobda iaponelTa SedarebiTi eTnikuri homogenuroba da kunZulis geografiac, gamoiwvia rCeulobis gancdis gaCena da istoriul da kulturul aRorZinebas daudo saTave, rac mogvianebiT, meiZis reJimis dros, imperatoris taxtis aRdgenis momaswavebeli Seiqna. meiZis liderebi cdilobdnen diadi warsulis gamoyenebas awmyosTvis da, Tumca dasavluri dapyrobebi cvlilebebisTvis stimulis momcemi iyo, maTi forma da Sinaarsi mainc tokugavas iaponiis da kidev ufro adrindeli imperiuli warsulidan momdinareobda. ase Cauyara safuZveli modernul iaponur nacionalizms eTnikurad SedarebiT homogenurma, saSualo klasis naciam 1868 wlidan (ix. Lehmann 1982, magram Sdr. Doak 1997). sxvagvari gamonaklisi gaxldaT sefeviduri sparseTi (1501–1722). iranis platos nawilebSi erTmaneTis monacvle mmarTvelma dinastiebma gazardes iranis eTnikuri da geografiuli mravalferovneba, riTac xeli SeuSales yovelgvari zeklasobrivi Zmobisa da Tanamonawileobis Camoyalibebas. gansakuTrebuli sparsuli identobisa da rCeulobis gancda, romelic X– XI saukuneebis axali sparsuli enis aRorZinebaSi gamovlinda, momdevno saukuneebSi ganaTlebuli elitis viwro wriT ifargleboda. magram 1501 wlidan mZlavrma Turquli warmoSobis dinastiam saTave daudo politikur aRorZinebasa da kulturul renensanss, rac maTi mebrZoli Siituri sarwmunoebiT iyo gaRvivebuli. da 162

piruku, am dinastiis mier iranis gaerTianebam xeli Seuwyo TormetTa Siizmis gavrcelebas Sah-abasis dedaqalaqidan, ispahanidan, rasac Sedegad 1722 wlisaTvis mTels iranSi sparsul enaze molaparakeTa umetesobis Siitobaze moqceva mohyva. xolo sparsuli identoba mzardad, da iqneb mizanmimarTuladac, emTxveoda Siizms. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRorZineba SemdgomSi, yajarTa avRanuri dinastiis (1796–1925) dros Senelda, man mainc moaswro safuZveli moemzadebina solidarobis gansxvavebuli, saSualo klasis eTnikuri sparsuli gancdisaTvis, romelmac politikuri gamoxatuleba 1905– 1906 wlebis sakonstitucio moZraobaSi hpova (ix. Cottam 1979; Keddie 1981: Tavebi 1–3). revoluciurad nacionalisti naciebi saSualo klasis nacionalizmi. holandiis amboxebam da inglisis samoqalaqo omma naciis axali da bevrad ufro koheziuri da mizanmimarTuli tipi Sva. pirvel rigSi, mas asazrdoebda qristianobis mebrZoli, reformirebuli da puritanuli versia eTnikuri rCeulobis amaRlebuli gancdiT, romelmac ara marto erTbaSad wamoayena reJimis axali tipi (puritanul islamur moZraobebs amis gasakeTeblad saukuneebi dasWirda), aramed Zveli aRTqmis modelebze dafuZnebuli politikuri avtonomiurobisa da saxalxo monawileobis axali saxis moTxovnilebebic warmoSva. es moTxovnilebebi Sejamda iseT sakvanZo cnebebSi, rogoricaa ‘nacia’ da ‘moqalaqe’. maT gaukvales gza burJuaziul demokratiul nacionalizms, romelSic kulturulad mravalferovani ‘xalxi’ Zalauflebis erTaderTi legitimuri wyaro unda gamxdariyo, xolo am xalxis wevroba – moqalaqeebisaTvis gankuTvnili Tavisuflebebisa da uflebebis mopovebis erTaderTi saSualeba. saSualo klasis amgvari nacionalurdemokratiuli logikiT franguli ganmanaTleblobis filosofosebma da publicistebma dawyvites absolutisturi saxelmwifos xundebi da safuZveli gamoacales mas da privilegiebis miseuli sistemis 163

Seicavda) SigniT Zmobis grZnoba susti, xolo erTianoba<br />

aramyari iyo saimisod, rom ucxoTa pirispir sakuTari<br />

eTnikuri gansxvavebulobis gancda Seesabamebina<br />

winaparTa miwaze politikuri avtonomiurobis<br />

SenarCunebis survilisaTvis. klasobrivi gansxvavebebi<br />

moniSnuli iyo, mTels mosaxleobasa da teritoriaze<br />

susti iyo kultis msaxurebaSi masebis monawileoba<br />

(SesaZloa, iaponiis gamoklebiT), ekonomikuri erTianoba<br />

da samarTlebrivi standartizacia.<br />

iaponiaSi aseTi viTareba gaxldaT tokugava<br />

siogunTa dinastiamde (1603–1868). meCvidmete saukunidan<br />

gare samyarosagan iaponelTa gaZlierebulma izolaciam,<br />

saSualo klasis kulturisa da solidarobis zrdam,<br />

rasac xels uwyobda iaponelTa SedarebiTi eTnikuri<br />

homogenuroba da kunZulis geografiac, gamoiwvia<br />

rCeulobis gancdis gaCena da istoriul da kulturul<br />

aRorZinebas daudo saTave, rac mogvianebiT, meiZis<br />

reJimis dros, imperatoris taxtis aRdg<strong>enis</strong><br />

momaswavebeli Seiqna. meiZis liderebi cdilobdnen diadi<br />

warsulis gamoyenebas awmyosTvis da, Tumca dasavluri<br />

dapyrobebi cvlilebebisTvis stimulis momcemi iyo, maTi<br />

<strong>for</strong>ma da Sinaarsi mainc tokugavas iaponiis da kidev<br />

ufro adrindeli imperiuli warsulidan momdinareobda.<br />

ase Cauyara safuZveli modernul iaponur nacionalizms<br />

eTnikurad SedarebiT homogenurma, saSualo klasis<br />

naciam 1868 wlidan (ix. Lehmann 1982, magram Sdr. Doak<br />

1997).<br />

sxvagvari gamonaklisi gaxldaT sefeviduri<br />

sparseTi (1501–1722). iranis platos nawilebSi erTmaneTis<br />

monacvle mmarTvelma dinastiebma gazardes iranis<br />

eTnikuri da geografiuli mravalferovneba, riTac xeli<br />

SeuSales yovelgvari zeklasobrivi Zmobisa da<br />

Tanamonawileobis Camoyalibebas. gansakuTrebuli<br />

sparsuli identobisa da rCeulobis gancda, romelic X–<br />

XI saukuneebis axali sparsuli <strong>enis</strong> aRorZinebaSi<br />

gamovlinda, momdevno saukuneebSi ganaTlebuli elitis<br />

viwro wriT ifargleboda. magram 1501 wlidan mZlavrma<br />

Turquli warmoSobis dinastiam saTave daudo politikur<br />

aRorZinebasa da kulturul renensanss, rac maTi<br />

mebrZoli Siituri sarwmunoebiT iyo gaRvivebuli. da<br />

162

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