ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis 

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti 

Hhumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

inglisuri filologia 

iamze mirazanaSvili 

politikuri diskursis zogierTi 

pragmatikuli maxasiaTebeli 

(qarTul da inglisur enaTa masalaze) 

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 

filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis 

mosapoveblad warmodgenili 

d i s e r t a c i a 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: 

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, 

asocirebuli profesori nino daraselia 

T b i l i s i 

2011 

1

Sinaarsi 

Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................ 3 

1. politikuri diskursis zogadi maxasiaTeblebi. prezidentTa gamosvlebi, 

rogorc politikuri diskursis qvetipi........................................................................ 5 

2. prezidentTa gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia ........................................ 10 

Tavi 1 

enis funqciaTa realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ........ 26 

1.1. referenciuli funqcia ............................................................................................. 28 

1.2. emociuri funqcia ....................................................................................................... 30 

1.3. konatiuri funqcia ..................................................................................................... 35 

1.4. fatikuri funqcia ....................................................................................................... 38 

1.5. metalingvisturi funqcia ....................................................................................... 44 

1.6. poeturi funqcia ......................................................................................................... 52 

I Tavis daskvna ............................................................................................................................. 58 

Tavi 2 

sametyvelo aqtTa lingvisturi realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi ................................................................................................................................... 63 

2.1. reprezentativebi......................................................................................................... 69 

2.2. komisivebi ....................................................................................................................... 82 

2.3. direqtivebi .................................................................................................................... 97 

2.4. eqspresivebi ................................................................................................................. 109 

2.5. deklaraciebi .............................................................................................................. 117 

2.6. sametyvelo aqtebis urTierTmimarTeba da hibriduli aqtebi ............ 121 

II TavisDdaskvna .......................................................................................................................... 127 

saerTo daskvna .......................................................................................................................... 137 

gamoyenebuli literatura ................................................................................................... 154 

2

Sesavali 

Tanamedrove cxovreba warmoudgenelia politikis gareSe. TiToeuli 

Cvengani garkveulwilad CarTulia politikaSi. arCevnebSi monawileoba, 

televiziiT axali ambebis mosmena, sagazeTo statiebis kiTxva, an ubralod 

megobrebTan mTavrobisa da prezidentis politikuri gadawyvetilebebis da 

maTi SesaZlo Sedegebis ganxilva aris Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli 

nawili. aqedan gamomdinare, sruliad bunebrivia mzardi interesi 

politikuri diskursisadmi. gansakuTrebul interess iwvevs enis is 

saSualebani, romlebsac politikosebi da gansakuTrebiT prezidentebi 

mimarTaven xalxze zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad da maTTvis sasurveli 

Sedegebis misaRwevad. politika bevrad aris damokidebuli enis 

gamoyenebaze. politikuri nebis gamoxatulebisa da sazogadoebisaTvis 

gadacemis procesSi umTavres rols swored ena warmoadgens. swored enis 

meSveobiT xdeba nebismieri politikuri qmedebis momzadeba, ganmarteba, 

gamarTleba, gakontroleba, Sefaseba, kritika da sxva. yovelive aman 

ganapiroba Cemi interesi-Semeswavla politikuri diskursis erT-erTi 

saxeobis, kerZod, prezidentTa diskursis zogierTi pragmatikuli 

maxasiaTebeli. 

Temis aqtualobas gansazRvravs lingvistikis Tanamedrove etapze 

arsebuli mzardi interesi politikuri diskursis da misi pragmatikuli 

kuTxiT ganxilvisadmi. 

naSromis mizania: amerikel da qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebis 

pragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebis SepirispirebiTi analizi, rac Tavis mxriv 

moicavs: 

a) prezidentTa gamosvlebis enis funqciaTa realizaciis 

TvalsazrisiT Seswavla; 

b) prezidentTa gamosvlebis sametyvelo aqtTa Teoriis 

TvalsazrsiT ganxilva; 

3

naSromi aseve warmoadgens saprezidento gamosvlebis Janrobrivi 

klasifikaciis mcdelobas. 

naSromis siaxle mdgomareobs SemdgomSi: 

1. Seswavlilia enis funqciaTa realizaciis Taviseburebani amerikel 

da qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi da warmodgeniliaAaRniSnul 

maxasiaTebelTa SepirispirebiTi analizi; 

2. Sepirispirebulia amerikel da qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

sametyvelo aqtTa realizaciis Taviseburebani; 

3. warmodgenilia prezidentTa gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia; 

4. zemoT CamoTvlili pragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebis statistikuri 

monacmebi warmodgenilia Janrebis mixedviT. 

sakvlev masalad gamoyenebulia amerikel da qarTvel prezidentTa 60 

gamosvla. kerZod, sakvlevi korpusi moicavs Semdegi amerikeli da 

qarTveli prezidentebis gamosvlebs: 

qarTveli prezidentebi 

1) zviad gamsaxurdia; 

2) eduard SevardnaZe; 

3) mixeil saakaSvili. 

amerikeli prezidentebi, romlebic, saTaveSi udgnen amerikis SeerTebul 

Statebs zemoT CamoTvlili qarTveli prezidentebis moRvaweobis 

periodSi. 

4) jorj buSi ufrosi (George Herbert Walker Bush); 

5) bil klintoni (Bill Clinton); 

6) jorj buSi umcrosi (George Walker Bush); 

7) barak obama (Barack Hussein Obama). 

kvlevis Teoriul da meTodologiur safuZvels qmnis lingvisturi 

pragmatika (Austin 1962; Jakobson 1960; Leech 1983; Levinson 1983; Mey 1994; Sadock 1988; 

Schmidt 1985; Searl1969,1979; Stilwell Peccei, 1999; Verschueren 1999; Yule 1996); diskursis 

da kritikuli diskursis analizi (Cook 1989; Cutting 2002; Fries 1983; Harris 1952; 

Hatch 1992; McCarthy 1991; Ochs 1979; Tannen 1982; Van Dijk 1985; Weiss & Wodak 2003; 

Wodak & Chilton 2005); politikuri diskursi (Cap 2006,2008; Chilton 2002, 2004; Chilton 

4

& Schaffner, 1997; Geis 2006; Hart 2005; Korzi 2004; Lakoff 1996; Lim 2002; Sigelman 1996; Van 

Dijk, 1997); Janrebis Teoria (Aristotle 1954; Bakhtin 1986; Bitzer 2001; Campbell & 

Jamieson, 1990; Miller1984; Swales 1990); stilistika (Chilton 1993; Galperin 1977, 1990; Hart 

1984; Sosnovskaya 1974; Turner 1977; Verdonk 2003). 

1. politikuri diskursis zogadi maxasiaTeblebi. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebi, rogorc politikuri diskursis qvetipi. 

politikuri diskursi Tanamedrove diskursis erT-erTi 

umniSvnelovanesi sferoa. rogorc cnobilia, sityva “politika” 

etimologiurad berZnuli sityidan πολιτικος [politikós] momdinareobs da niSnavs 

moqalaqes. politikis ganmartebebi jer kidev aristoteles SromebSi 

gvxvdeba. Tavdapirvelad politika niSnavda adamianebis mier koleqtiuri 

gadawyvetilebebis miRebis process. dRevandeli ganmartebiT politika aris 

termini, romelic aRniSnavs samTavrobo an saxelmwifo saqmeebis 

mmarTvelobas. erT-erTi ganmartebiT, politika aris adamianis qmedebis 

sfero, romlis mizania moaxdinos garkveuli zemoqmedeba xalxTa masebze. 

politika - esaa ZalauflebisaTvis brZola, saSualeba imisa, rom gaataro 

garkveuli interesebi da ganaxorcielo ideebi. (Wikipedia Encyclopedia) 

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, politikuri nebis gamoxatulebisa da 

sazogadoebisaTvis gadacemis procesSi umTavres rols ena warmoadgens. 

swored enis meSveobiT xdeba nebismieri politikuri qmedebis momzadeba, 

ganmarteba, gamarTleba, gakontroleba, Sefaseba, kritika da sxva. 

sxvadasxva akademiuri disciplinebi maTi miznebisa da kvlevis 

meTodebis gaTvaliswinebiT politikur diskurss gansxvavebuli kuTxiT 

Seiswavlian. ase magaliTad, politologebi ZiriTadad politikuri 

gadawyvetilebebisa da qmedebebis Sedegebs swavloben, isini interesdebian 

politikuri realobiT, romelic yalibdeba da amasTan erTan aisaxeba 

diskursSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom samwuxarod politologebi ugulebelyofen 

politikuri diskursis lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT kvlevas da ar 

5

iTvaliswineben im faqts, rom politikuri diskuris lingvisturi analizi 

mniSvnelovan socialur, politikur da kulturul informacias iZleva. 

politikuri diskursis cneba, kerZod, Tu ra moiazreba politikur 

diskursSi, jer kidev sakamaToa (Cap 2006; Chilton 1997; Geis 2006; Van Dijk 1997). 

jer kidev bolomde ar aris garkveuli rogori diskursi iTvleba 

politikurad. cxadia, rom prezidentebis, an politikosebis gamosvlebi, 

romelnic asaxaven garkveul politikur movlenebs an gadawyvetilebebs, 

warmoadgenen politikuri diskursis nimuSs. amavdroulad sainteresoa, 

SeiZleba Tu ara mivakuTnoT politikur diskurss yoveldRiuri metyveleba 

(werilobiTi an zepiri) “globaluri politikis” Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli tipis 

metyveleba xSir SemTxvevaSi ar moicavs politikur terminebs da 

miekuTvneba araoficialur registrs, Tumca warmoadgens msjelobas 

politikuri movlenebis Sesaxeb. msgavsi kiTxvebi, anu ra saxis diskursi 

iTvleba uSualod politikur diskursad, jer kidev pasuxgaucemelia. 

mkvlevrebs ar gaaCniaT politikuri diskursis saerTo gansazRvreba, amitom 

mniSvnelovania dadgindes politikuri diskursis specifikuri saerTo 

forma da sazRvrebi. amis mcdeloba diskursis zogierT mkvlevars hqonda. 

holandieli lingvisti van deiki politikur diskurss Semdegnairad 

ganmartavs: “A class of genres defined by a social domain, namely by politics”. (Van Dijk 1997: 

11:53). Pamdenad, politikur diskurss igi Janris garkveul klass uwodebs, 

romelsac gansazRvravs socialuri sfero, kerZod, politika. Tumca aqve 

aRniSnavs, rom politikuri diskursi ar unda Semoifarglebodes mxolod 

politikosTa eniT: “this clearly cannot be confined to the language of politicians”. (Van Dijk 

1997: 11:67). 

politikuri diskursi zogjer sazogadoebrivi sferos enad 

ganixileba. zogjer politikuri diskursi socio-politikur da aseve 

sazogadoebriv sferoSi enis aqtualur gamoyenebad ganimarteba. (Cap 2008: 40 

(1): 17-41) 

Ciltoni gvTavazobs implicitur ganmartebas “Political discourse is the use of 

language in ways that humans, being political animals, tend to recognize as “political”. (Chilton 

2004:14). igi iziarebs mosazrebas, rom adamiani aris politikuri cxoveli 

6

da, Sesabamisad, politikur diskursad miiCnevs enis imgvar gamoyenebas, 

rodesac is Tavad adamianis mier aRiqmeba politikurad. 

qsing lus Tanaxmad, politikuri diskursi emsaxureba azrTa 

formirebas da akontrolebs sazogadoebriv azrs. Mmisi roli, funqcia da 

efeqti universaluria, miuxedavad sazogadoebebis, qveynebisa da saxelmwifo 

wyobis da reJimebis gansxvavebulobisa. (Lu 1999: 4: 487-508.) 

zogierTi enaTmecnieri ”sazogadoebrivi azris enas” an “agitatoris 

enas” miiCnevs politikur diskursad. (Geis 1987:700 -707.) 

amdenad, politikuri diskursi SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc 

mizanmimarTuli sazogadoebrivi qmedeba politikur sferoSi. politikur 

diskursad iTvleba is diskursi, romelic gvxvdeba mTavrobis Sexvedrebze, 

saparlamento sesiebze, politikuri partiebis Sexvedrebis dros. agreTve 

diskursi iTvleba politikurad, Tu igi politikur garemoSi xorcieldeba. 

Tumca amavdroulad politikuri diskursi ar Semoifargleba mxolod da 

mxolod amiT. 

politikuri diskuri, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, ar aris homogenuri. is 

Sedgeba rigi qvetipebisagan, Janrebisagan, romlebic gulisxmoben garkveul 

komunikaciur situacias da komunikantebs. am kriteriumis gaTvalsiwinebiT, 

politikuri diskursis analizma SesaZlebelia moicvas enis yvela done da 

aspeqti (fonetika, fonologia, leqsika, sintaqsi). 

qristafor harti ganixilavs politikuri diskursis analizis zogad 

aspeqtebs. igi miiCnevs, rom politikuri diskursis analizSi yuradReba 

unda mieqces Semdeg maxasiaTeblebs: erTjeradoba unda Sepirispirdes 

procesualobasTan/ TanmimdevrulobasTan, sadac kriteriumi unda iyos dro; 

mono-/duoteqstualoba Sepirispirdes interteqstualobasTan, sadac 

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos konteqsti; individualoba Sepirispirdes 

warmomadgenlobiTTan, sadac yuradReba oratorobas unda mieqces; 

pirdapiri, uSualo kontaqti unda daupirispirdes masmediis saSualebiT 

gadacemul Setyobinebas; gamiznuloba unda Sepirispirdes tipologiur 

mravalferovnebasTan gamosvlebis tipebis gaTvaliswinebiT; da diskursis 

damajerebloba unda iqnes ganxiluli politikuri warmatebulobis kuTxiT, 

7

anu ramdenad iqna miRweuli mizani: ”singularity vs processuality/ sequentiality 

(criterion:time), mono-/ duotextuality vs intertextuality (context), individuality vs representation 

(orator), direct contact vs. mass media (medium), genus deliberativum vs. typological diversity (type 

of speech), and persuasion vs. political (campain) success (aim)”. (Hart 2005: 2 (2):189-194.) 

Ppolitikuri diskursi, rogorc iaraRi-Secvalo realoba, ganxilulia 

piotr capis mier legitimaciis da aproqsimaciis cnebebis gamoyenebiT (Cap, 

2006, 2008, 2010) 

zogadad politikuri diskursis lingvisturi analizi SeiZleba 

warmatebuli iyos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi Seexeba gamomsvlelis rogorc 

lingvistur, aseve politikur qcevas. es SesaZlebelia gakeTdes ori 

mimarTulebiT: SesaZlebelia analizi daviwyoT lingvisturi mikro-doniT 

da gavarkvioT, Tu ra strategiul funqciebs asruleben konkretuli 

struqturebi (sityvis arCevani, specifikuri semantikuri struqtura) miznis 

misaRwevad. an SesaZlebelia analizi daviwyoT makro-doniT, esaa 

magaliTad, teqstis warmoqmneli komunikaciuri situaciebi da funqciebi. 

orive mimarTulebiT, politikuri situacia da procesi SesaZlebelia 

davakavSiroT diskursis tipebTan da diskursis organizaciis doneebTan 

Sualeduri doniT, rogoricaa strategiuli funqciebi. (Chilton & Schaffner 1997 

2: 6-23.) 

boxmanis mosazrebiT, politikuri diskursis klasifikacia efuZneba 

funqciur da Tematur kriteriums. Ppolitikuri teqstebi aris politikis 

da misi Sedegis nawili; politikuri teqstebi aris istoriulad da 

kulturulad gamiznuli (Bochman 1986). isini asruleben sxvadasxva funqcias 

sxvadasxva politikuri aqtivobebis Sesabamisad. Tematika Seexeba 

umTavresad politikas, aseve politikur RonisZiebebs, politikur ideebs, 

politikur urTierTobebs da sxv. erT-erTi saerTo maxasiaTebeli 

politikuri teqstebisaTvis aris is, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi politikuri 

teqstebi gamiznulia farTo sazogadoebisaTvis. 

rogorc cnobilia, enis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT ganasxvaveben Sida 

da gare politikur komunikacias. Sida politikuri komunikacia moicavs 

diskursis formebs, romelic xorcieldeba iseT politikur institutebSi, 

8

ogoricaa samTavrobo uwyebebi, partiebi an sxva saxelmwifo struqturebi. 

esaa teqstebi im konteqstSi, romelic ganixilavs politikur ideebs, 

rwmenas, sazogadoebis an sazogadoebis nawilis politikur saqmianobas. 

xolo gare politikuri komunikacia aris mimarTuli farTo sazogadoebaze, 

xalxis masebze, e.i. ara politikosebze. aRniSnuli orive tipis politikuri 

komunikacia xorcieldeba sxvadasxvagvari teqstebis, Janrebis meSveobiT. 

Aaseve, politikuri diskursi moicavs Sida-saxelmwifoebriv da gare- 

saxelmwifoebriv diskurss. Tumca, SesaZlebelia politikurma diskursma 

sxva formebic miiRos. politikuri diskursis ganxorcielebisas 

gamomsvlelebi arian ZiriTadad wamyvani politikosebi, romelTac SeuZliaT 

mimarTon imave politikuri an ideologiuri jgufis wevrebs (magaliTad, 

partiis lideri mimarTavs wevrebs), warmodgenili magaliTi iqneba Sida 

politikuri komunikaciis magaliTi. gare, magram Sida-saxelmwifoebrivi 

politikuri komunikaciis nimuSi iqneba politikuri mimarTva farTo 

sazogadoebisadmi qveynis maStabiT. gare-saxelmwifoebrivi politikuri 

komunikaciis magaliTi iqneba wamyvani politikosis mimarTva politikosebis 

an sazogadoebis nawilisadmi sazRvargareT. (Schaffner 1996 Vol.3, No 3.) 

gai kuki gamoyofs diskursis Semdeg mniSvnelovan qvetipebs: 

ukuqceviTi (reciprocal) da araukuqceviTi diskursi (ukukavSiris ar mqone) 

(non-recifrocal). pirvel SemTxvevaSi msmenelma SeiZleba gavlena iqonios 

komunikaciis warmarTvasa da ganviTarebaze, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi 

msmenelsa da mosaubres SeiZleba saSualeba ar hqondes uSualo 

komunikaciis damyarebisa. politikuri gamosvlebis SemTxvevaSi, rogoricaa 

magaliTad, prezidentebis mimarTvebi, mosaubre anu prezidenti mimarTavs 

auditorias, xolo msmenels mxolod mosmena Tu SeuZlia, anu xorcieldeba 

araukuqceviTi diskursi. (Cook 1989) 

mniSvenlovania aseve zepiri da werilobiTi, monologuri da 

dialoguri/poliloguri diskursis gamijvnac (Tannen 1989; Shiffrin 1984.) am 

TvalsazrisiT politikuri diskursi SesaZlebelia iyos nebismieri saxis, 

rac zemoT aris CamoTvlili. 

9

ogorc ukve aRiniSna, naSromSi SeswavliliaFpolitikuri diskursis 

erT-erTi Zalze saintereso qve-tipi, kerZod, prezidentebis gamosvlebi. 

amdenad, prezidentTa gamosvlebi zemoT ganxiluli mosazreebis Tanaxmad 

aris (sasurvelia) mWermetyvelebis nimuSi, romelic TavisTavSi aerTianebs 

mizans-daarwmunos msmeneli verbaluri saSualebiT da miaRwios konsensuss 

sazogadoebaSi arsebuli normebis da Rirebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos dagegmili an daugegmavi metyvelebis 

nimuSi. prezidentTa gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc Sida aseve gare 

politikuri komunikaciis nimuSi, vinaidan isini mimarTulia rogorc 

politikosebis, aseve qveynis da xSirad msoflio mosaxleobisadmi. aseve 

prezidentTa gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos Sida- saxelmwifoebrivi an/da gare- 

saxelmwifoebrivi. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, prezidentTa gamosvlebi amave 

dros aris araukuqceviTi diskursis nimuSi. yovelive es metyvelebs 

prezidentTa gamosvlebis pragma-lingisturi ganxilvis saWiroebaze 

eqstralingvisturi, socio-politikuri da kulturuli garemoebebis 

gaTvaliswinebiT. 

2. prezidentTa gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia 

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, politikur diskursSi calke qvetipad 

gamoiyofa prezidentTa gamosvlebi. maTi pragmatikuli maxasiaTeblebis 

mixedviT kvlevamde mniSvnelovnad miviCnie momexdina prezidentTa 

gamosvlebis Janrobrivi klasifikacia, raTa kvlevisas movicva prezidentTa 

gamosvlebis sruli speqtri. 

rogorc cnobilia, werilobiTi an zepiri komunikaciis klasifikaciis 

mizniT Janrebi aristoteles moRvaweobis periodidan gamoiyeneboda. (Aristotle 

1954) Janrebis Teoriis xangrZlivi arsebobis miuxedavad, Janri, rogorc 

diskursis an teqstis aRwerisa da analizis kritikuli iaraRi, meoce 

saukunemde ar gamokveTila. Janris kritikam ramdenime etapi ganvlo: 

10

pirveli etapze Janrebis klasifikacia xdeboda mxolod formaluri 

maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. (Bakhtin 1986: 62-102.) 

1980-ian wlebSi Janrebis mkvlevarTa interesma gadainacvla Janrebis 

zogadi formebis kvlevidan Janris socio-kulturuli midgomis 

TvalsazrisiT Seswavlisken. moxda werilobiTi da zepiri komunikaciis 

garkveuli zogadi formebis eWqveS dayeneba. axali Teoriebi werilobiT da 

zepir komunikacias ganixilavdnen, rogorc socialur pasuxs arsebuli 

ritorikuli aucileblobis mimarT da ara formaluri, zogadi elementebis 

nakrebs. amA periodSi Janrebis Teoriis ganviTareba meore fazaSi Sedis, 

rac ukavSirdeba Janrebis xelaxal interpretacias socio-kulturuli 

garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. (Miller1984: 151-67; Bitzer 2001) 

vfiqrob, rom prezidentTa gamosvlebis analizi Janrobrivi 

klasifikaciis mizniT unda aerTianebdes zemoT aniSnul orive midgomas da 

kvleva unda iTvaliswinebdes rogorc kompoziciur stuqturas, aseve 

Sinaarsobriv plans, ritorikul gamiznulobas, stils, socio-politikur 

da kulturul garemoebebs. aseve mniSvnelovania yuradReba mieqces 

pragmatikul aspeqtebs, kerZod, ra warmoadgens mimarTvis gamiznulobas, ra 

qmedebis miRweva surs mTqmels garkveuli JanrisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

gamoTqmebiT, rogor aRiqmeba, ra tipis interpretacias aZlevs am 

Setyobinebebs msmeneli da rogor reagirebs maTze. Yyovelive zemoT 

aRiSnulis gaTvaliswineba ki saSualebas mogcems naTeli movfinoT, Tu ra 

gzas mimarTaven prezidentebi garkveuli miznebis misaRwevad da ramdenad 

efeqturia es perlokuciuri Sedegis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebis Janrebis klasifikaciisas veyrdnobi 

kempbelis da jeimisonis mier Janrebis kvlevis Sesaxeb SemuSavebul meTods 

(Campbell and Jamieson 1990), rac iTvaliswinebs gamosvlebis Janrebad 

gamoyofas, maTi kompoziciur-struqturuli maxasiaTeblebisa da Sinaarsis 

mixedviT. 

amdenad, empiriuli masalis zemoT aRniSnuli kriteriumebis mixedviT 

kvlevisas aseve gaviTvaliswine calkeuli gamosvlebis warmoTqmis 

11

socialuri, politikuri da kulturuli foni. Sedegad gamovyavi Semdegi 

Janrebi: 

I. sainauguracio gamosvla 

II. winasaarCevno kampaniis dros warmoTqmuli sityva 

III. sityva-angariSi 

IV. sityva - mimarTva 

V. milocva/ misamZimreba 

VI. Sewyaleba/ dajildoeba 

VII. veto-Setyobineba 

VIII. omis ritorika 

IX. impiCmentis Setyobineba 

X. gamosamSvidobebeli gamosvla 

ganvixiloT Tioeuli Janri: 

I. inauguracia 

inglisurenovan specialur literaturaSi sainauguracio gamosvlebis 

Janri yvelaze metad Seswavlili Janria, romelic sxvadasxva perspeqtiviT 

aris gaanalizebuli mkvlevrebis mier. 

rogorc cnobilia, prezidentebis mier sazeimod ficis dadebis 

ceremonials inauguracia ewodeba. xolo im sityvas, romelsac prezidentebi 

konstituciiT dadgenili ficis teqstTan erTad warmoTqvamen, 

sainauguracio (saprogramo) sityva ewodeba. 

inauguracia momdinareobs laTinuri sityvidan „inauguratio‟ da vebsteris 

leqsikoni sityvas “INAUGURA''TION Semdegnairad ganmartavs: “The act of 

inducting into office with solemnity; investiture with office by appropriate ceremonies.” 

(Tanamdebobis oficialuri dakaveba ritualis dacviT; Tanamdebobis 

oficialuri dakaveba saTanado ceremionialiT ) (Webster's Revised Unabridged 

Dictionary) 

miiCneven, rom sainauguracio gamosvlebi warmoadgens prezidentebis 

Zalauflebis gamovlinebas, sadac ena gamoyenebulia, rogorc iaraRi. 

(Sigelman 1996: 81-92). sainauguracio gamosvlebi warmoadgens aramxolod 

12

oficialur gancxadebas, aramed xalxTan komunikaciis wyarosac (Ochs 1979: 

64-97). 

prezidentis inauguracia aramarto konstituciiT dadgenili sazeimo 

da lamazi cermoniaa, aramed mas mniSvnelovani sazogadoebriv-poilitikuri 

datvirTvac aqvs. is ganasaxierebs saxelmwifo xelisuflebis memkvirdeobasa 

da ganaxlebas. swored prezidentTa sainauguracio gamosvlebi gansazRvravs 

eris mimarTulebas warsulidan ukeTesi momavlisaken, awmyo droSi 

gatarebuli RonisZiebebis da gonivruli politikis gziT. prezidentTa 

sainauguracio gamosvlebi asaxavs aramxolod mimdinare politikur 

situacias, aramed ayalibebs socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri 

komunikaciis axal formebs. prezidentTa sainauguracio sityvebi 

lingvisturad, socialurad da kogniturad rTulia. isini rogorc 

struqturiT, iseve SinaarsiT da moculobiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, 

Sesabamisad, Zalze rTulia maTi analizi (Chilton 2004:11). swored sirTulis 

gamo prezidentTa sainaguracio sityvebs mravali disciplina, mimarTuleba 

da mecnieri Seiswavlis sxvadasxva kuTxiT. 

sainauguracio mimarTvebis kvlevis zogierTi saintereso aspeqti 

zogierTi mkvlevrisTvis sainteresoa inauguraciisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli permanentuli da mtkice Temebis identifikacia, im 

permanentuli Temebis dadgena, rasac prezidentebi ganixilaven 

sainauguracio gamosvlebSi (Campbell and Jamieson 1985 15(2): 394-11; Ericson 1997 27 

(4):727-44; Beasley 2001 68(2):169-83) zogierTi mecnieri sainauguracio sityvebs 

iyenebs imis saCveneblad, rom politikuri sistemebi icvleba droTa 

ganmavlobaSi (Chester 1980 10(4):571-81; Hinckley 1990; Lim 2002 32(2):328-48; Ryan 1993; 

Tulis 1987). mecnierebi sxvadasxva sferoebidan (politikuri mecniereba, 

fsiqologia, komunikacia) aanalizeben sainauguracio gamosvlebs, rogorc 

masalas, romelic avlens faqtebs prezidentebis Sesaxeb da winaswar 

gansazRvravs prezidentTa qcevebs (Whissell & Sigelman 2001 35(3):255-72.). aseve 

mimarTavdnen sainauguracio sityvebis analizs prezidentTa ritorikis 

analizis (Beasley 2001 68(2):178-83; Bradley 1983; Browne 2002 5(3):409-38; Campbel and 

Jamieson 1985; Carpenter 2005; Lee 1998; Lucas 1986 51(4): 354-70; Ryan 1993) an 

13

politikur sistemaSi inauguraciebis semantikis analizis mizniT (Chester 

1980; Hinckley 1990; Lim 2002; Ryan 1993; Tulis 1987.) 

smiTebma (Smith and Smith 1985) sainaguracio gamosvlebze dayrdnobiT 

saprezidento ritorikisa da marTvis Teoriuli CarCos Sesaqmnelad 

SeimuSaves mniSvnelobis koordinirebuli menejmentis midgoma. am 

perspeqtivis Tanaxmad, xalxi qmnis mniSvnelobas, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu is 

ar arsebobs. smiTebi ayalibeben mniSvnelobis ierarqias, romelic eqvsi 

donisagan Sedgeba: Sinaarsi, sametyvelo aqti, epizodi, urTierToba, 

individualuri cxovrebis scenari da kultura. Sinaarsis wesi moqmedebs 

Cveni azrebis da ideebis aRwerisas da fokusirdeba ideasa da sityvas 

Soris semantikur urTierTobaze. lingvisturi arCevani, rogoricaa 

magaliTad, ”imedi” da ”xedva” emyareba winaswargamiznul kriteriums. 

xalxi ganasxvavebs sainauguracio gamosvlebis tips sametyvelo aqtebSi 

gamoyenebuli sityvebis meSveobiT, romelsac prezidentebi iyeneben 

Setyobinebis gadacemisas xmisa da Jest-mimikis aqcentirebiT (Whitehead & Smith 

2002). epizodebis komunikaciis wesi xazs usvams periodulad ganmeorebad 

situaciur an scenur faqtorebs, romelic Seesabameba ritorikis 

aristoteleseul definicias ”mocemul situaciaSi damajereblobis 

saSualebebis aRmoCenis unars” (Aristotle 1954). urTierTobis wesis 

Sesabamisad, is, ris gakeTebasac adamiani apirebs, modificirdeba 

komunikaciis moTxovnebis, saWiroebebis da tabus Sesabamisad. prezidentebs 

surT auditoriasTan (mTavrobis, Jurnalistebis da im pirTa CaTvliT, 

romelic mas ar uWers mxars) sasurveli samuSao urTierTobis SenarCuneba. 

individualuri cxovrebis scenaris wesi aCvenebs, Tu rogor akeTebs 

prezidenti arCevans piradi Rirebulebebis, upiratesobebis da normebis 

safuZvelze. kulturis wesi ki zogadad marTavs sazogadoebis komunikaciur 

aqtivobas. 

marTalia, prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebSi saubroben eris 

maTeuli xedvis Sesaxeb, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti, rac mkvlevrebma 

Seiswavles aris is, rom sainauguracio gamosvlebi zogadad, rogorc 

14

koleqtiuri mTlianoba, warmoadgens wlebis manZilze eris zrdisa da 

ganviTarebis istorias. 

Tavdapirvelad amerikeli prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebs 

iyenebdnen maTi gamarjvebis aRsaniSnavad maSin, rodesac ers acnobdnen da 

uxsnidnen gamarjvebis mniSvnelobas. aRniSnuli sabolood gadaizarda 

xalxis gaTviTcnobierebasa da ganaTlebaSi konstituciuri mmarTvelobis 

mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb.Bbolo dros aSS-s prezidentebi sainauguracio 

mimarTvebs iyeneben xalxis gaerTianebisa da STagonebis mizniT (Denton 1993: 

IV-VII; Korzi 2004). Sedegad prezidentebi sainauguracio gamosvlebSi 

mimarTaven, Tematikisa da formaTa mravalferovnebas. 

miuxedavad Msainauguracio kvlevebis mravalferovnebisa, amerikaSi 

sainauguracio gamosvlebis analizi ZiriTadad ori kuTxiT keTdeboda: 

sainauguracio gamosvlebis Temebis dadgena da politikur sistemaSi 

cvlilebis ilustrireba. 

eriqsonma daadgina inauguraciisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 11 Tema (Ericson 

1997). korzim Seiswavla prezidentTa sainauguracio gamosvlebi amerikis 

politikis istoriaSi xalxsa da prezidentis instituts Soris cvalebadi 

urTierTobis perspeqtivis dadgenis mizniT (Korzi 2004 31(1):21-52). man 

sainauguracio gamosvlebis sami modeli gamoyo – konstituciuri, 

partiuli, da plebiscituri - sadac TiToeuli prezidentis mmarTvelobis 

da prezidentis xalxTan urTierTobis gansxvavebul gagebas ayalibebs. 

limma daadgina da Seiswavla 5 mniSvnelovani cvlileba me-20 

saukunis saprezidento ritorikaSi. igi ayalibebs azrs, rom mimdinareobs 

institucionaluri transformacia ritorikis gavrcobis TvaslazrisiT. 

cvlilebebi SeiZleba aRweril iqnes, rogorc anti-inteleqtualuri, 

abstraqtuli, asertiuli, demokratiuli da sasaubro. lim ganaviTara 

Sefasebis maCveneblebi prezidentebis miRwevebis Sesafaseblad da 

gaaanaliza sainauguracio gamosvlebi, raTa daedgina, ramdenad hqondaT 

winamorbed prezidentebs gaTavisebuli administraciuli miznebi, rasac 

sainaguacio gamosvlebSi xalxs hpirdebodnen. (Lim 2002 32(2):339-48) 

15

Kkengma administraciuli ideoloogis kuTxiT sainauguracio 

gmosvlebis arsebuli kvlevebis Rirsebani da naklovanebani Seiswavla. man 

ganixila sainauguracio gamoyenebuli 936 Rirebulebis mqone termini da 

analizi gaukeTa administraciuli sistemis ideologiur indeqss sixSiris 

martivi analizis gamoyenebiT. (Kang 2006: 71-98.) 

erT-erTi midgoma, romelic prezidentTa komunikaciis ritorikis 

bunebis gagebas uzrunvelyofs, aris literaturuli stilis Seswavla. 

sainauguracio gamosvlis literaturuli stilis Seswavla SesaZlebelia 

misi sam mimarTulebad dayofis gziT. pirveli mimarTuleba moicavs 

literaturuli gamonaTqvamebis rogorc viwro, aseve zogad analizs. am 

perspeqtiviT literaturuli stili moicavs personalur gamonaTqvamebs, 

romelic individis bunebis da identobis Sesabamisad unikaluria. 

sainauguracio gamosvlebis stilis analizi SesaZlebelia statistikuri 

informaciis an xarisxobrivi aRweris gamoyenebiT, rogoricaa magaliTad, 

teqstebis sigrZis, sityvebis raodenobis da sixSiris Seswavla. (Kowal 1996 

26(1): 1-31; Miller& Stiles 1986 49(1):72-81; Whissell, 1998 86(4):595-613.) aRniSnuli tipis 

analizi ZiriTadad moicavs sityvaSi marcvlebis raodenobis, winadadebaSi 

sityvebis raodenobis, sityvebis sigrZis, winadadebebis sigrZis, abzacebis 

sigrZis, konkretuli sityvebis gamoyenebis sixSiris, punqtuaciis, diskursis 

markerebis, pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis da teqstSi gamoyenebuli 

sintaqsuri struqturebis ganxilvas. xolo stilisturi Rirebuleba eniWeba 

lingvistur elementebs, romlebic iSviaTad gvxvdeba (Yeager 1974 22: 29-36). 

sainauguracio gamosvlebis literaturuli stilis analizi aseve 

SesaZlebelia maqsimaluri efeqtis misaRwevad lingvisturi gamonaTqvamebis 

uamravi erTeulidan saTanados arCevis kvleviT. sainauguracio gamosvlebSi 

literaturuli stili aris lingvisturi elementebis seleqciuri 

gamoyeneba, rac gulisxmobs sasurveli enobrivi erTeulis SerCevas 

mosaubris faseulobebis da msoflxedvis gaTvaliswinebiT (Hart 1984 2(2): 189- 

194.; McDevitt 1986 13(1,2,3):18-24; Sigelman, 1996 13(1):81-92). aRniSnuliT 

SesaZlebelia stilis maqsimalurad efeqturi gamoyeneba da garkveuli 

qarizmas miRweva. 

16

sainauguracio gamosvlis, rogorc politikuri diskursis erT-erTi 

Janris kvlevas kempbeli da jeimisoni awarmoebdnen. (Campbell & Jamieson, 1990) 

maTi mosazrebiT, prezidentTa sainauguracio gamosvlebi Janrobrivad 

gansxvavdeba da gamoirCeva prezidentTa diskursis sxva formebisagan, es 

namdvilad asea, vinaidan sainauguracio mimarTvebi epideiqturi an 

ceremonialuri ritorikis nimuSia. avtorebi amtkiceben, rom sainauguracio 

gamosvlebi moicavs oTx ZiriTad elements, romelic mimarTulia ara 

aqtivobisaken, aramed ganWvretisaken. maTi mosazrebiT, sainauguracio 

gamosvlebis mizania: 

auditoriis gaerTianeba, rogorc xalxis, romelic aris 

ceremonialis mowme da ratifikatori; 

warsulidan memkvidreobiT miRebuli saerTo faseulobebis gameoreba- 

ganxilva; 

im politikuri principebis wamoweva, romliTac axali administracia 

ixelmZRvanelebs marTvelobisas; 

Cveneba imisa, rom prezidenti afasebs aRmasrulebeli funqciebis 

moTxovnebsa da limitebs. 

sainauguracio gamosvlis Janri xasiaTdeba: 

• xalxis faseulobebis gansjiT; 

• informaciis da sakiTxebis SefasebebiT; 

• politikuri xazis rekomendaciebiT. 

empiriuli masala moicavs qarTveli prezidentebis 5 sainauguracio 

gamosvlas da amerikeli prezidentebis 6 sainauguracio gamosvlas. 

specialuri literaturis Seswavlisa da emipiriul masalaze dakvirvebis 

safuZvelze davadgine sainauguracio gamosvlebis, rogorc Janris Semdegi 

struqturuli maxasiaTeblebi: 

1. Sesavali, romelic moicavs misalmebis da madlobis gamomxatvel 

Tavazian formebs damswre sazogadoebis mimarT. amerikel prezidentTa 

sainauguracio gamosvlebSi aseve aucilebel elements warmoadgens 

madlobis gamomxatveli frazebi, romelic mimarTulia winamorbedi 

17

prezidentisadmi. aRniSnuli monakveTi ar gxvdeba qarTveli 

prezidentebis sainauguracio gamosvlebSi garkveuli istoriuli 

movlenebi gamo. 

2. ZiriTadi nawili moicavs: prezidentebis ZiriTad Setyobinebebs qveynis 

mdgomareobis, maTi xedvisa da Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb; rekomendaciebs, 

Tu ra unda gakeTdes mTavrobis da sazogadoebis mier, raTa qveyana 

da sazogadoeba (sazogadoebrivi wyobis, sazogadeobis marTvis 

CaTvliT) prezidentis mier danaxul idealur samyarosTan movides 

SesabamisobaSi. 

3. daskvniTi nawili moicavs damasrulebel direqtiul da eqspresiul 

frazebs. 

aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoT aRniSnuli Janrebidan sainauguracio 

gamosvlebis Janri yvelaze metad aris Seswavlili inglisurenovan 

specialur literaturaSi. sxva Janrebis mimarT naklebi interesi arsebobs 

mkvlevrebs Soris da saWiroebs Semdgom siRrmiseul kvlevas. 

II. winasaarCevno kampaniis dros warmoTqmuli sityva 

inglisurenovan specialur literaturaSi aqtiurad ganixileba 

winasaarCevno kampania sxvadasvxa perspeqtiviT (Dinkin 1989; Paquette 2006; Thurber 

2004), Tumca naklebi yuradReba eqceva uSualod winasaarCevno sityvebs, 

rogorc prezidentTa diskursis erT-erT Janrs. aRniSnul Janrs ar gaaCnia 

arsebobis xangrZlivi istoria, vinaidan Tavad winasaarCevno kampaniis dros 

warmoTqmuli sityva axali produqtia politikaSi Tumca Zalze 

mniSvnelovani. amerikaSi winasaarCevno kampaniis gamosvlebi me-19 saukuneSi 

gamoikveTa da gansakuTrebuli maStabi ukve me- 20-21 saukunebSi SeiZina 

(Wikipedia Encyclopedia). kidev ufro axali produqtia is qarTul politikaSi. 

prezidentebi swored aRniSnuli JanriT wardgebian sazogadoebis winaSe da 

warmoaCenen sakuTar Tavs. 

winasaarCevno kampania sareklamo kampaniis msgavsia. aq warmatebuli 

kampaniis winapiroba aris kargad dawerili sityva - efeqturad SefuTuli 

da warmoTqmuli koherentuli Setyobineba (Snyder 2000). vinaidan swored 

18

winasaarCevno gamosvla warmoaCens kandidats, waradgens mas imgvarad, rom 

igi mimzidveli iyos amomrCvelisaTvis da media saSualebebisaTvis. Zalian 

bevri kargad cnobili politikosi an prezidenti sazogadoebas axsovs 

swored winasaarCevno gamosvlebSi gamoyenebuli SetyobinebebiT. 

Cems mier Seswavlili empiriuli masala mocavs qarTveli prezidentebis 

3 da amerikeli prezidentebis 4 winasaarCevno kampaniis dros warmoTqmul 

gamosvlebs. aRniSnuli gamosvlebis Seswavlis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom 

winasaarCevno gamosvlebi gamoirCeva lakonurobiTa da eqspresiulobiT. 

winasaarCevno gamosvlis aucilebeli nawilia sworad SerCeuli aqcentebi, 

slogani da topikaluri winadadeba. msmenelis mimarT gacemuli Setyobineba 

unda iyos martivi, raTa xalxma SeZlos misi damaxsovreba da aseve 

SesaZlebeli unda iyos Setyobinebis dakavSireba kandidatTan 

asociaciurad. SerCeuli Setyobineba unda iyos kargad gaazrebuli da 

Tanmimdvruli, raTa amomrCevelma saTanadod gaiTavisos. xSirad SerCeuli 

Setyobineba aris ganzogadebuli xasiaTis, raTa moizidos ufro meti 

mxardamWeri da/an amomrCeveli. SerCeuli Setyobinebis Tema unda iyos 

pozitiuri da arapolemikuri, magaliTad, barak obamas Tanmimdevruli, 

martivi Setyobinebis sakvanZo sityva winasaarCevno kampaniis dros iyo 

cvlileba “change", "change you can believe in". barak obamam saxeli daimkvidra, 

rogorc daxelovnebulma oratorma, vinaidan fraziT "Yes we can" milionobiT 

mxardaWeri moipova, gamoaRviZa xalxis optimizmi, daarwmuna isini, rom 

SesaZlebelia arsebuli ekonomikuri da politikuri gamowvevebis daZleva. 

mixeil saakaSvilis damamaxsovrebeli da STambeWdavi slogani, rac xalxma 

aitaca da yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi sxvadasvxa konteqstSi xSirad gvxvdeba, 

aris fraza ”gasakeTebeli kidev bevria”, rac pirvelad saakaSvilis 

ritorikaSi 2008 wlis winasaarCevno kampaniis dros gamoCnda. 

III. sityva - angariSi 

es aris prezidentTa yovelwliuri sityva-angariSi qveynis politikuri 

da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romelic konstituciis Sesabamisad 

Tavdapirvelad mimarTuli iyo, qarTul realobaSi parlamentarebis mimarT, 

19

xolo amerikis SemTxvevaSi kongresmenebis mimarT. Tanamedrove 

teqnologiurma miRwevebma msmenelis ariali mkveTrad gazarda, vinaidan 

dRes prezidentebis angariSebi pirdapiri eTeriT gadaicema radioTi, 

televiziiTa da internetiT. amdenad, dRes prezidentTa sityva-angariSi 

sruliad mosaxleobisadmia mimarTuili, ramac garkveulwilad maTi 

transformacia moaxdina, rogorc struqturuli, aseve ritorikuli 

TvalsazrisiT. evoluciurad Seicvala sityva-angariSis formati da sigrZe. 

Eempiriuli masalis Seswavlam, romelic moicavs prezidentTa 

aRniSnuli Janris 7 gamosvlas cxadyo, rom ucvleli rCeba ZiriTadi Temebi, 

rac am Janris gamosvlebSi ganixileba. warsulis gaxseneba, yuradRebis 

gamaxvileba momavalze da optimizmi sityva-angariSis Janris aucilebeli 

elementebia. dRes sityva- angariSSi aRwerilia qveynis mimdinare 

ekonomikuri, politikuri da socialuri viTareba. aseve, mocemulia 

samomavlo sakanonmdeblo iniciativebi da garkveuli ritorikuli 

argumentebi. sityva-angariSi gansakuTrebiT aqtualizebulia enis 

referenciuli funqcia, rac gulisxmobs faqtebisa da statistikuri 

monacemebis gamoyenebas. prezidentis yovelwliur angariSs axasiaTebs 

sajaro meditacia faseulobebis Sesaxeb, informaciisa da sakiTxebis 

Sefaseba da politikuri rekomendaciebis gacema. unda aRiniSnos, rom 

prezidentebis sityva-angariSebi gansxvavdeba, imis mixedviT warmoTqmulia 

es angariSi arCevnebis, an xelaxali arCevnebis Tu xelisuflebis mier 

garkveuli warmatebebis miRwevis Semdeg. xSir SemTxvevaSi isini 

orientirebulia media saSulebebze im mizniT, rom angariSis masalebi 

saTanadod gaSuqdes masmediaSi. miuxedavad garkveuli qve-tipebisa 

aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlebi formaluri maxasiaTeblebis TvalsazrisiT 

moicavs Semdeg saerTo struqturul elementebs: 

1. Sesavali, sadac prezidentebi miesalmebian auditoriasa da mowveul 

gansakuTrebul stumrebs, exmianebian an aRweren qveyanaSi momxdar 

movlenebs. 

2. ZiriTadi nawili moicavs warsulis gaxsenebasa da Sepirispirebas 

awymosTan, miRweul fundametur cvlilebebze, ekonomikur 

20

eformebze, daZleul safrTxeebze, stabilur ganviTarebaze da 

zogadad dadebiT Sedegebze fokusirebis gziT. 

3. daskvniTi nawili ZiriTadad Semoifargleba samomavlo gegmebis 

aRweriTa da rekomendaciebiT 

IV. sityva - mimarTva (sagangebo) 

sityva–mimarTvis mizani sxvadasxvagvaria iseve, rogorc maTi 

struqtura. prezidentis mimarTva SeiZleba sxvadasxva faqts an garemoebas 

Seexebodes. aRniSnuli Janris mimarTvebs sxvadasxva adresati hyavs. zogjer 

prezidentebi sagangebo mimarTviT mimarTaven sazogadoebis sxvadasxva 

seqtors konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT an zogadad xalxs. aseTi 

zogadi mimarTva iyo magaliTad, prezident saakaSvilis 2008 wlis 1 

seqtembris mimarTva cocxali jaWvis monawileebisadmi an prezident buSis 

2001 wlis 11 seqtembris mimarTva amerikeli xalxisadmi. zogjer 

prezidentebi uSualod mTavrobas mimarTaven, garkveuli miTiTebebis 

micemis mizniT. naSromSi aRniSnuli Janris 6 mimarTva aris Seswavlili. 

V. milocva/ misamZimreba 

milocva moicavs prezidentTa fatikuri tipis gamosvlebs, rodesac 

isini garkveul religiur an saero dResaswauls ulocaven mosaxleobas. 

zogjer ki prezidentebi misamZimrebis sityvebs warmoTqvamen, riTac 

Tanadgomas gamoxataven ubeduri SemTxveviT an stiqiiT dazaralebulTa 

mimarT, an samZimars gamoTqvamen cnobili adamianis gardacvalebasTan 

dakavSirebiT. aRniSnuli ori tipi erT JanrSi erTiandeba, vinaidan maT 

msgavsi struqtura da socialur-kulturuli datvirTva gaaCniaT. 

prezidentTa diskursSi xSiria aRniSnuli Janris mimarTvebi, rac ZiriTadad 

kliSirebuli teqstiT gadmoicema. Eempiriuli masala moicavs aRniSnuli 

Janris 8 gamosvlas. 

VI. Sewyaleba/dajildoeba 

21

empiriuli masala moicavs amerikel da qarTvel prezidentTa aRniSnuli 

Janris 8 gamosvlas, saidanac 2 gamosvla aris Sewyalebis da 6 gamosvla ki 

dajildoebis Sesaxeb. Sewyalebis da/an dajildoebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli 

gancxadeba prezidentTa keTili nebis gamoxatulebaa. is moicavs sam 

ZiriTad elements. esenia: 

1. prezidenti simbolurad, rogorc saxelmwifos meTauri, asrulebs 

movaleobas/rols misi uflebamosilebis farglebSi; 

2. aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlaSi yovelTvis aris gancxadebuli, rom 

SerCeulia am qmedebisaTvis saTanado dro; 

3. SewyalebaSi yovelTvis ganmartebulia, rom Sewyaleba mniSvnelovania 

saxalxo keTildReobis TvalsazrisiT, xolo dajildoebis 

SemTxvevaSi yovelTvis aRniSnulia, rom jildo adamians gadaecema 

pativiscemis niSnad gansakuTrebuli wvlilisa da damsaxurebisaTvis. 

VII. veto-Setyobineba 

aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlebi ar gvxvdeba xSirad, Tumca mniSvnelovania 

maTi calke Janrad gamoyofa. empiriuli masala moicavs am Janris 2 

gamosvlas. veto-Setyobineba aris pasuxi konkretul sakanonmdeblo 

nawilze, gamoxatavs prezidentis winaaRmdegobas garkveul sakiTxTan 

mimarTebaSi. misi mizania, rom moxdes vetodadebuli sakiTxis xelaxali 

ganxilva saTanado struqturebSi. 

VIII. omis ritorika 

omis ritorika calke Janrad gamoiyofa, vinaidan mas axasiaTebs 

garkveuli ganmasxvavebeli Taviseburebani. empiriuli masala moicavs omis 

Tematikaze warmoTqmul amerikel prezidentTa 4 gamosvlas da qarTvel 

prezidentTa aseve 4 gamsovlas. masalis analizma Semdegi sakiTxebi 

gamokveTa: 

1. omis Sesaxeb warmoTqmuli sityva aris kargad gaazrebuli produqti; 

2. xdeba garkveuli movlenebis an faqtebis strategiulad Secvlili 

saxiT reprezentacia; 

22

3. qronologiuri narativi aRwers garkveul Zalismier intervencias, 

mocemulia arsebuli garemoebebis gansja da gamotanilia Sesabamisi 

argumentirebuli daskvnebi; 

4. omis Sesaxeb warmoTqmul sityvaSi yovelTvis gancxadebulia, rom 

miRebulia garkveuli problemis Zalismieri meTodiT mogvarebis 

gadawyvetileba, aseve ganmartebulia, rom im momentSi problemis 

gadaWris sxva gza ar arsebobs; 

5. gamosvlaSi xdeba ara mxolod Zalis gamoyenebis gamarTleba, aramed 

prezidentis, rogorc Zalauflebis mqone mTavarsardlis legitimacia; 

6. xdeba msenelis darwmuneba imaSi, rom problemis gadasaWrelad saWiroa 

erTsulovneba da erToblivi Zalisxmeva da kontribucia. 

IX. impiCmentis Setyobineba 

prezidentis impiCmenti dRis wesrigSi dgeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi 

arRvevs ficss, romelsac prezidenti konstituciis Tanaxmad Tanamdebobis 

dakavebis win debs. saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstitituciis 71-e muxlis 

Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos axlad arCeuli prezidenti warmoTqvams saprogramo 

sityvas (anu sainauguracio sityvas) da debs Semdeg fics: “me, saqarTvelos 

prezidenti, RvTisa da eris winaSe vacxadeb, rom davicav saqarTvelos 

konstitucias, qveynis damoukideblobas, erTianobasa da ganuyoflobas, 

keTilsindisierad aRvasruleb prezidentis movaleobas, vizruneb Cemi 

qveynis moqalaqeTa usafrTxoebisa da keTildReobisaTvis, Cemi xalxisa da 

mamulis aRorZinebisa da ZlevamosilebisaTvis”. (saqarTvelos konstitucia, 

1995: 71-e muxli) 

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis konstituciis muxli ori, Tavi erTi, 

paragrafi rvas mixedviT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidenti sanam 

igi Seudgeba prezidentis movaleobebis aRsrulebas debs Semdegi saxis 

fics: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the 

United States, and will do the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the 

United States." (The United States Constitution, Aricle 2, Clause 8). 

23

prezidentis instituts, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebisagan 

gansxvavebiT, saqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 20 wlis istoria aqvs. prezidentis 

instituti saqarTveloSi 1991 wlis aprilSi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 

aRdgenis Semdeg SemoiRes. Tumca garkveuli mcdelobebi prezidentis 

institutis dawesebasTan dakavSirebiT 1918-1921 wlebSic iyo saqarTveloSi. 

1991-1995 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganxorcielbulma movlenebma ganapiroba 

prezidentis institutis gauqmeba, magram mogvianebiT igi aRadgina 

saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstituciam. Ddamoukidebeli saqarTvelos 

istoriaSi sul rigiT mesame prezidenti udgas saTaveSi qveyanas. arc erTi 

maTganis impiCmenti ar ganxilula parlamentis mier, Tumca adgili hqonia 

garkveul mcdelobebs. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi ki prezidentis 

institutis yvelaze xangrZlivi istoriiT gamoirCeva da rigiT 44-e 

prezidents iTvlis. amerikis prezidentTa institutis istoriaSi yofila 

SemTxveva, rodesac impiCmentis SiSiT dautovebiaT prezidentis Tanamdeboba 

(riCard niqsoni). Cem mier Seswavlili prezidentebis SemTxvevaSi impiCments 

adgili ar hqonia (unda aRiniSnos, rom impiCmentis riski garkveulwilad 

bil klintons daemuqra, Tumca ar ganxorcielebula) Sesabamisad, ar 

warmoTqmula aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlebi prezidentebis mier. 

Tumca, zogadad, aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlebSi prezidenti mimarTavs 

Tavis marTlebas, rom mis mier dadebuli fici ar darRveula. prezidenti 

aRniSnavs, rom upirveles yovlisa prezidenti pasuxs agebs xalxis da 

konstituciis winaSe da ara maT winaSe, vinc mas cils swamebs. 

X. gamosamSvidobebeli gamosvla 

gamosamSvidobebel gamosvlas axasiaTebs garkveuli Taviseburebani. 

gamosamSvidebeli sityvebi warmoiTqmis prezidentebis mier maSin, rodesac 

isini asruleben saprezidento vadas da xalxis winaSe warsdgebian Semdegi 

prezidentisaTvis xelisuflebis gadacemisas. aRniSnuli Janris gamosvlaSi 

xdeba mTavrobis saqmianobisa da miRwevebis Sejameba. gamosamSvidobebel 

gamosvlaSi yovelTvis Cans rogorc prezidentis, aseve misi administraciis, 

individualizmi da maxasiaTebeli. msgavs SemTxvevas, samwuxarod, 

24

saqarTveloSi garkveuli politikuri garemoebebis gamo adgili jer- 

jerobiT ar hqonia. imedia qarTveli eri uars ityvis qveynis mTavrobis 

cvlilebis Zalismier meTodebze (samoqalaqo omze an revoluciaze) da 

xelisuflebis arCevnebis gziT Secvlis tradicia saqarTveloSic 

damkvidrdeba. Aamdenad, aRniSnuli Janri mxolod amerikel prezidentTa 

diskursSi gxvdeba. empiriuli masala moicavs am Janris 3 gamosvlas. 

25

Tavi 1 

enis funqciaTa realizaciis Taviseburebani prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi 

winamdebare TavSi prezidentTa gamosvlebs ganvixilav erT-erTi 

pragmatikuli aspeqtis, kerZod, enis funqciaTa realizaciis TvalsazrisiT. 

rogorc cnobilia, enaTmecnierebaSi arsebobs enis funqciaTa sxvadasxva 

klasifikacia. (Halliday 1973; Turner 1977; Leech 1983). vfiqrob, rom roman 

iakobsoni iZleva enis funqciebis srul analizsa da klasifikacias, swored 

amitom prezidentTa gamosvlebis enis funqciebis TavalsazrisiT kvlevisas 

veyrdnobi mis klasifikacias (Jakobson 1976). 

rogorc cnobilia, iakobsonma sakomunikacio aqti dayo elementebi 

da TiToeuli elementi daakavSira enis funqciebTan. iakobsonis mixedviT, 

verbaluri komunikacia Sedgeba eqvsi elementisagan, an faqtorisagan: 1. 

konteqsti (ko-teqsti, samyaro/garemo, sadac Setyobinebas aqvs adgili); 2. 

adresanti (Setyobinebis gamcemi); 3. adresati (Setyobinebis mimRebi); 4. 

kontaqti adresantsa da adresats Soris; 5. saerTo kodi da 6. Setyobineba. 

aRniSnuli faqtorebi aisaxeba 6 funqciaSi (Jakobson, 1960: 33-48). Sesabamisad, 

iakobsoni gamoyofs enis eqvs ZiriTad funqcias: 

1. referenciuli funqcia, romelic mimarTulia Setyobinebis 

referenciul Sinaarsze; 

2. emociuri/eqspresiuli funqcia, romelic mimarTulia 

mosaubris/adresantis emociur mdgomarebaze; 

3. konatiuri funqcia, romelic mimarTulia enis im aspeqtebze, 

romelTa mizania, gamoiwvion adresatis reaqcia ama Tu im 

Setyobinebaze; 

26

gamovsaxoT: 

4. fatikuri funqcia, romelic mimarTulia enis gamoyenebaze 

kontaqtis damyarebisa da SenarCunebis mizniT; 

5. M metalingvisturi funqcia, romelic mimarTulia enis sistemaze, 

rogorc mosaubreTa mier gamoyenebul kodze; 

6. poeturi funqcia, romelic gansazRvravs, Tu ra saSualebebiT 

aris kodirebuli esa Tu is Setyobineba. 

komunikaciis faqtorebisa da enis funqciebis sqema ase SeiZleba 

samizne 

faqtori 

da 

funqcia 

samizne faqtori faqtoris 

wyaro 

1 konteqsti 

funqcia 

Setyobineba referenciuli 

2 gamcemi/adresanti Setyobineba emociuri 

3 mimRebi/ adresati Setyobineba konatiuri 

4 kontaqti Setyobineba fatikuri 

5 kodi Setyobineba metalingvisturi 

6 mesiji/ Setyobineba Setyobineba poeturi 

vinaidan iakobsonis enis funqciebis klasifikacia moicavs yvela 

mniSvnelovan aspeqts da sistemur xasiaTs atarebs, mniSvnelovnad miviCnie 

prezidentTa gamosvlebis Seswavla TiToeuli funqciis realizaciis 

kuTxiT, raTa damedgina, Tu ra funqciiT iyeneben prezidentebi sxvadaxva 

enobriv saSualebebs, Tu ra xerxebs mimarTaven isini msmenelisaTvis 

sasurveli Setyobinebebis gadasacemad da sasurveli perlokuciuri 

efeqtis misaRwevad. 

27

1.1. referenciuli funqcia 

prezidentTa ZiriTadi intencia gamosvlebis dros aris garkveuli 

SetyobinebebiT faqtobrivi informaciis miwodeba msmenelisaTvis, raTa man 

SeZlos movlenebis aRqma-identificireba. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemisas Rirebulia statistikuri monacemebis 

gamoyeneba, vinaidan aseTi saxis informacia gamosvlas ufro damajerebels 

da sandos xdis. referenciuli funqcia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

realizdeba faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemiT, romelic zogjer 

gamyarebulia statistikuri monacemebiT, rasac gamosvlis daaxloebiT erTi 

mesamedi nawili ukavia. Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom sxvadasxva 

gamosvlaSi informatiulobis done gansxvavebulia. 

I) faqtobrivi informacia 

prezidenti gamsaxurdia (1) aRwers im faqtebs, ramac ganapiroba 

qarTveli eris udidesi gamarjeba. Faqtebis CamonaTvali reprezentativis 

tipis aqtebiT aris gadmocemuli: 

(1) “1991 wlis 31 marti da 9 aprili qarTveli eris da erovnuli 

xelisuflebis udidesi gamarjvebaa. Eerovnulma xelisuflebam 

gatarebuli umniSvnelovanesi cvlilebebis, mravalpartiulobis 

iuridiuli da faqtobrivi damkvidrebis, mTavrobis 

reorganizaciis, adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis institutebis – 

sakrebuloebis da prefeqturebis SemoRebis, prezidentis 

institutis dawesebis Sedegad, saprezidento respublikis saxiT 

daamkvidra demokratiuli politikuri sistema.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

qvemoT mocemul amonaridSi (2) prezident saakaSvilis intencia aris 

xalxis informireba qveyanaSi arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. 

(2) “mniSvnelovnad Seferxda investiciebi, TiTqmis yvela didi 

sawarmo ganicdis problemebs, radgan msoflio bazarze 

katastrofulad daeca fasebi maT produqciaze, droebiT, magram 

mainc ikargeba samuSao adgilebi, xalxi mZime mdgomareobaSia, 

uamravi ojaxi ebrZvis umuSevrobasa da siRaribes.”(m.s. 01.01.2009) 

28

Semdeg magaliTSi (3) prezidenti obama atyobinebs xalxs, rom 

krizisis miuxedavad grZeldeba cxovreba. igi stilisturi CamonaTvalis 

meSveobiT uziarebs mosaxleobas mosazrebas, rom amerikeli xalxis unari 

ar Semcirebula, rom amerikel ers gaaCnia Zala da goneba, raTa 

gaagrZelos produqciis warmoeba da momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofa. 

(3) “This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful 

nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds 

are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last 

month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished.” (B.O.20.01. 2009) 

me- 4 magaliTSi prezidenti buSi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris Setevis 

Semdeg mosaxleobas gadascems informacias msoflios koleqtiuri 

survilis Sesaxeb, daexmaros amerikis SeerTebul Statebs. igi acnobs 

xalxs uSualod im qveynebs, romlebmac gamoxates survili, monawileoba 

miiRon teroristebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi. asve atyobinebs msmenels, rom 

40-ze metma qveyanam mianiWa amerikas sahaero tranzitis da daSvebis ufleba. 

(4) “We are joined in this operation by our staunch friend, Great Britain. Other close 

friends, including Canada, Australia, Germany and France, have pledged forces as the 

operation unfolds. More than 40 countries in the Middle East, Africa, Europe and across 

Asia have granted air transit or landing rights. Many more have shared intelligence. We are 

supported by the collective will of the world”(G.W.B. 07.10.2001). 

P 

II) statistikuri monacemebiT gamyarebuli faqtobrivi informacia 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi faqtobriv informaciasTan erTad 

prezidentebi mosaxleobas garkveul kvantitatiur informaciasac awvdian, 

rac gamyarebulia statistikuri monacemebiT. es aris xalxis manipulirebis 

erTgvari xerxi, vinaidan ricxvebiT gamyarebuli faqtebi metad 

damajerebels da emfaturs xdis gamonaTqvams. 

(1) “aTobiT aTasi Cveni moqalaqe araadamianuri eTnikuri wmendis 

Sedegad sakuTari saxl-karidan gamodevnili aRmoCnda. Cven 

mogvikles 166 patrioti jariskaci, 16 samagaliTo policieli da 

220 mSvidobiani, sruliad udanaSaulo moqalaqe. . . saqarTvelos 

29

Tavs daesxnen 7 sxvadasxva mimarTulebidan, 80 aTasiani armiiT da 

aTasobiT sabrZolo teqnikis erTeuliT, Cven gvbombavda 200-ze 

meti TviTmfrinavi.” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(2) “Four Americans have now died from anthrax out of a total of 17 people who have been 

infected. The Postal Service has processed more than 30 billion pieces of mail since 

September 11 th”. (G.W.B 08.11.2001). 

zemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi naTlad Cans, rom prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi referenciuli funqcia metwilad reprezentativebis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebiT aris gadmocemuli, vinaidan swored asertivi/ 

reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi emsaxureba faqtobrivi 

informaciis gadacemas. 

1.2. emociuri funqcia 

kvlevam gamoavlina, rom emociuri/eqspresiuli funqciis realizacia 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi xorcieldeba enis sxvadasxva doneze, risTvisac 

gamoiyeneba stilisturi Rirebulebis mqone enobrivi erTeulebi, 

Sesityvebebi, frazebi, martivi an rTuli konstruqciebi, winadadebebi. maTi 

meSveobiT gadmocemulia mosaubris grZnobebi da damokidebuleba. 

enis emociuri funqciis ganxorcielebaSi gansakuTrebiT did rols 

TamaSobs leqsika. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sityvis denotatiur 

mniSvnelobasTan erTad gansakuTrebiT sainteresod gamoiyeneba sityvis 

rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi konotaciuri mniSvnelobebi. vinaidan 

sityvis konotaciuri mniSvnelobebis gadacema ukeTaa SesaZlebeli 

stilisturi xerxebis meSveobiT, prezidentebi xSirad mimarTaven 

metaforebis gamoyenebas sakuTar mimarTvebSi, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, 

metafora saleqsikono da konteqstualuri mniSvnelobebis urTierTobas 

efuZneba (Galperin 1990; Sosnovskaya 1974). 

magaliTad, prezidenti buSi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlaSi 

amerikel xalxs Tavisuflebis yvelaze manaTobel SuqurasTan aigivebs: 

30

“we're the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world”. (G.W.B. 11.09.2001) 

metafora “beacon”-is gamoyenebiT da am sityvis dadebiTi konotaciebis (gzis 

maCvenebeli Suqura; manaTobeli varskvlavi; naTeli gza; bednierebis 

momaswavebeli; imedis sxivi, romelic miuZRvis mezRvaurebs xmeleTisaken), 

aseve mniSvnelobis gamaZlierebeli aRmatebiTi xarisxis zedsarTavi 

saxelis “brightest” gamoyenebiT prezidenti ufro eqspresiulad gadascems 

msmenels informacias. 

sainteresoa, rom prezidenti buSi 2005 wlis 10 maiss Tavisuflebis 

moedanze qarTveli xalxisadmi warmoTqmul sityvaSi saqarTvelos imave 

metaforiT moixseniebs. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom aRniSnuli metafora 

imdenad gacvda xmarebaSi, rom ukve kliSedac SeiZleba CaiTvalos ”Georgia is 

today both sovereign and free, and a beacon of liberty for this region and the world”. (G.W.B. 

10.05.2005) 

prezidenti saakaSvili saqarTvelos aRweras da saxeldebas Semdegi 

metaforebiT axdens: “(saqarTvelo aris demokratiulobis) mTavari 

medroSe”; “Tbilisi aris Tavisuflebis axali zRude da karibWe”; “dRes 

Cveni qarTuli, cocxali jaWvisagan iqsoveba axali jaWvis perangi, rogorc 

arasdros didi da Zlieri jaWvis perangi…” (m.s.01.09.2008). prezidenti buSis 

msgavsad, sworad gamoyenebuli metaforebis damatebiTi dadebiTi 

Sefasebebis meSveobiT emociurad gadascems msmenels sakuTar 

damokidebulebas. 

prezidenti buSi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlaSi acxadebs, rom 

amerika Suryeveli da Zlieria, SeuZlebelia amerikis fundamentis da 

simtkicis rRveva, am azris gamosaxatavad igi isev metaforebs mimarTavs: 

“Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the 

foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American 

resolve”.(G.W.B.11.09.2001) aRniSnul magaliTSi gamoiyeneba arasruli 

paraleluri konstruqciebi da antiTeza, rac kidev ufro amZafrebs 

gadmocemul azrs. (magaliTebs sintaqsis doneze qvemoT ganvixilavT) 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi mravlad vxvdebiT epiTetebs, amitom 

kvlevaSi yuradReba gavamaxvile zedsarTavi saxeliT gadmocemul 

31

epiTetebze da im mniSvnelobebze, romlebic am epiTetebis gamoyenebiT 

gadaecema msmenels. 

magaliTad, prezidenti buSi 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris gamosvlaSi 

acxadebs “A great people has been moved to defend a great nation” mimarTavs ra 

gameorebas sityvisa great xalxSi, msmenelSi sidiadis grZnobis gaRvivebas 

cdilobs da maT udidesi eris warmomadgenlebs uwodebs, rac, ra Tqma 

unda, msmenelSi siamayis grZnobas iwvevs. prezidenti buSi teroristuli 

aqtis dasagmobad epiTetebs ar iSurebs da am saxis qmedebas ”despicable acts of 

terror”, xolo teroristuli aqtis ganmaxorcieleblebs ki barbaros 

kriminalebs – “barbaric criminals” uwodebsDda maTi qmedebis aRsakveTad “relentless 

operations” gegmavs. sainteresoa is uaryofiTi konotaciuri mniSvnelobebi, 

rasac sityvebi despicable, barbaric da relentless atarebs: despicable acts- ubadruki, 

zizRis aRmZvreli qmedebebi; barbaric criminals –barbarosuli, veluri, 

yvelaferze wamsvleli kriminalebi; relentless operations – ulmobeli, mkacri, 

sastiki, daundobeli, dauRalavi daucxromeli RonisZiebebi. 

prezident saakaSvilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia iseTi epiTetebis 

gamoyeneba, rogoricaa magaliTad, “gautexeli eri” (m.s. 01.09.2008); “Seupovari 

xalxi” (m.s. 01.09.2009). igi msmenels xSirad gansakuTrebul xalxs uwodebs: 

”dRes am darbazSi gansakuTrebuli xalxi Seikriba” (m.s. 03.05.2008), rac 

fatikur funqciasac asrulebs da kidev ufro aaxloebs msmenels 

mosaubresTan. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, emociuri funqcia winadadebis donezec 

xorcieldeba, sadac mniSvnelovan rols sintaqsuri eqspresiuli, 

gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebi da stilisturi xerxebi asrulebs, 

romelTaganac sWarbobs antiTeza, paraleluri konstruqciebi da 

anaforuli gameoreba. 

2001 wlis 7 oqtombris gamosvlaSi prezidenti buSi amerikis 

SeerTebul Statebs Semdegi saxiT waradgens: “The United States of America is a 

friend to the Afghan people, and we are the friends of almost a billion worldwide who practice the 

Islamic faith. The United States of America is an enemy of those who aid terrorists and of the 

barbaric criminals who profane a great religion by committing murder in its name”. (G.W.B. 

32

07.10.2001) prezidenti erTdoulad ramdenime stilistur xerxs –antiTezas 

(America is a friend . . .America is an enemy), paralelur konstuqciebs da gameorebas 

mimarTavs, riTac Tavis sityvas emfaturs xdis; misi mizania zemoqmedeba 

moaxdinos auditoriaze da daarwmunos igi, rom avRaneTze ieriSis mitana 

iyo swori nabiji “barbarosi kriminalebis”– teroristebis dasjis mizniT. 

aRniSnul winadadebaSi antiTezas meSveobiT erTmaneTs ori polusuri 

samyaro: megobrebisa da mtrebis samyaro upirispirdeba. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba gansakuTrebuli emociurobiT 

datvirTuli damamTavrebeli frazebi, romlebic ZiriTadad locva- 

kurTxevis formulebiT aris warmodgenili. (meore TavSi qvemoT mocemul 

magaliTebs direqtivebis sametyvelo aqtTa magaliTebadac ganvixilav). 

frazebi: 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba Semdegi damamTavrebeli 

(1) “dae aRsruldes neba RvTisa! neba erisa! gaumarjos Tavisufal 

saqarTvelos! Ggvfaravdes RmerTi!” (z.g. 07.06.1991); 

(2) “yvelam erTad TavdadebiT vibrZoloT samSoblosa da xalxis 

sakeTildReod! win, XXI saukunis saqarTvelosaken!“ (e.S. 2511.1995) 

(3) “RmerTi iyos Cveni samSoblos -saqarTvelos mfarveli!” (m.s. 

25.01.2004) 

(4) “RmerTi iyos Cveni da Cveni samSoblos mfarveli!” (ms 25.01. 2004). 

(5) “gaumarjos saqarTvelos!” (ms 03.05.2008) 

(6) ”gaumarjos erTian, Tavisufal, damoukidebel, Zlier, evropul 

gamarjvebul saqarTvelos! (ms 01.09.2008) 

(7) “migviZRodes wminda giorgi!” (ms 03.05.2008) 

(8) “Cveni Zala erTobaSia!” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

msgavs frazebs vxvdebiT amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSic: 

(1) “God's grace upon us.” (B.O.20.01. 2009) 

(2) “May God bless you, and may he watch over the United States of America.” (G.W.B 

20.01.2005) 

33

(3) “God bless you all, and God bless America” (G.W.B 11.09.2001) 

(4) “May God continue to bless America. (G.W.B 07.10.2001) 

(5) “May God strengthen our hands for good work ahead, and always, always bless 

America.” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

(6) “God bless you all” (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

(7) “ God bless you and God bless the United States of America. (G.H.B 1989) 

sagulisxmoa, rom qarTveli prezidentebisaTvis gamosvlis 

damamTavrebel frazad Warbobs locva-kurTxevis formulis - “RmerTi iyos 

Cveni mfarveli” gamoyeneba, xolo amerikeli prezidentebisaTvis 

gamosvlebis aucilebeli damamTavrebeli fraza – “God Bless America” (RmerTma 

dalocos amerika) aris. 

sainteresoa, Tu ra saxis zegavlenas axdens, an ra emociebs aRZravs 

msmenelSi zemomoyvanili frazebi. amis garkvevis mizniT kvlevis 

warmoebisas gamoikiTxa 80 adamiani. Sedegebi sakmaod saintereso aRmoCnda: 

80-dan 18-ma (22.5 %) adamianma aRniSna, rom zemomoyvanili frazebi aris 

carieli, arafris mTqmeli da gacveTili. gamokiTxulTa umravlesobisaTvis 

62 adamiani (77.5 %) es frazebi aris dadebiTi konotaciebis matarebeli da 

maTi azriT, rac ar unda arasasiamovno informacia iyos gadacemuli 

msmenelisaTvis, am frazebiT gamosvlis damTavreba iZleva imis garantias, 

rom auditoriis umetesobas eqneba dadebiTi reaqcia. cdis pirebi aseve 

Tvlian, rom aRniSnuli frazebi aris savaldebulo, aprobirebuli, 

dadebiTi muxtis matarebeli kliSeebi, da politikosebis mier gamosvlebis 

damTavreba sxva saxis frazebiT sariskoa im kuTxiT, rom araswori, 

arasaTanado frazebis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi SesaZloa msmenels molodini 

gaucruvdes: prezidentTa ritorikaSi damamTavrebeli frazebi amave dros 

religiur elementebsac warmoadgenen. frazebis argamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi 

arsebuli stereotipebis gamo msmenels uCndeba ukmarisobis grZnoba, ramac 

SesaZlebelia prezidentebs mxardamWeric ki daakargvinos. 

34

1.3. konatiuri funqcia 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis konatiuri funqcia zogjer 

gadmocemulia ritorikuli SekiTxebiT; AaRniSnuloi xerxis mizania 

adresatze zemoqmedebis moxdeba, misi CarTulobis gazrda, masSi 

garkveuli grZnobebisa da damokidebulebis aRZvra. 

qarTulenovan gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT mxolod kiTxviTsityviani 

winadadebis tips: “ratom saqarTvelo?”; “ra aris dRes saqarTvelos 

mowinaaRmdegis mTavari amocana?”; “ra aris dRes am agresoris mTavari 

mizani?” (m.s.01.11.2008) 

prezidentTa inglisurenovan gamosvlebSi ritorikuli SekiTxvebi 

sxvadasxva tipis kiTxviTi struqturebiT gadmoicema. 

1. General Question- zogadi kiTxva 

“Did our generation advance the cause of freedom? And did our character bring credit to 

that cause?”(G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

“Are we enthralled with material things, less appreciative of the nobility of work and 

sacrifice?” (G.H.W. B. 20.01.1989) 

2. Disjunctive Question – gamyofi kiTxva 

“You're not related to them, are you?”(G.W.B 04.06.2007) 

3. Special Question - specialuri kiTxva 

“What can I do to help in our fight?” ”"What can I do to help in the war against terror?"; 

“How should we live in the light of what has happened?”; (G.W.B 08.11.2001) 

“What do we want the men and women who work with us to say when we are no longer 

there?” (G.H.W. B. 20.01.1989) 

4. Alternative Questions – alternatiuli SekiTxva 

The challenge of our past remains the challenge of our future, will we be one nation, one 

people, with one common destiny, or not? Will we all come together, or come apart? 

(B.C. 20.01.1997) 

zogjer enis konatiuri funqcia vlindeba msmenelisadmi mimarTul 

mowodebebsa da direqtivebSi, vinaidan mowodebebi da direqtivebi 

35

mimarTulia sametyvelo qmedebaSi msmenelis CarTulobisaken. xSiria 

konatiuri funqciis realizacia direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebiT. 

(direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis stuqturasa da implikacias 

detalurad ganvixilav II Tavis 2.3 qve-TavSi, ixileT gv. 97-108 .) 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebi garkveuli 

qmedebebis ganxorcielebisaken mimarTul mowodebebs. qarTvel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi vxvdebi konstruqciiT mo-di-T + zmna gamoxatul mowodebebs: 

I) mo-di-T + zmna 

(1) “modiT erTad gavufrTxildeT Cvens qveyanas, modiT erTad 

avaciloT mas Zaladoba.” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

(2) “modiT yvelam erTad mivceT mSvidobasa da dialogs Sansi.” (m.s. 

7.08.2008) 

(3) “modiT erTad vimuSaoT ukeTesi momavlisaTvis.” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba deontikuri 

modalobis gamomxatveli Semdegi direqtiuli konstruqcia: 

II) LET US + VERB 

(1) “Let us mark this day with remembrance; let us remember these timeless words.” (B.O. 

20.01.2008) 

(2) “And let‟s roll (G.W.B 08.11.2001); let‟s take care of the unemployed; let‟s get a job 

package out of the Senate, let‟s cut taxes on ivestment; let‟s help them with the health 

care.” (G.W.B. 11.02.2002). 

(3) “Let us negotiate soon and hard. But in the end, let us produce.” (G.H.W.B. 1989) 

(zemoT mocemul konstruqciebsa da magaliTebs detalurad 

ganvixlavT II Tavis 2.3 Qqve-TavSi direqtivebi, ixileTGgv. 99-101) 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba ufro 

Zlieri valdebulebis gamomxatveli konstruqciebic – arapirdapiri 

direqtivebis saxiT, romlebic konatiur funqciasTan erTad fatikur 

funqciasac asrulebs. valdebulebis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad 

modaluri konstruqciebi; maTi meSveobiT mkafiod aris gadmocemuli 

36

mTqmelis damokidebuleba moqmedebisadmi, xolo konstruqciebSi 

mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis eqskluziuri an 

inkluziuri gamoyenebiT (deiqsis kategorias detalurad ganvixilav I 

Tavis 1.4 qve-TavSi fatikuri funqcia, ixileT gv. 39-44 ), xdeba msmenelis 

CarTva da misTvis Zlieri valdebulebis direqtivis micema. 

konatiuri funqciiT gamoyenebuli arapirdapiri direqtivebis tipebi 

gadmocemuli modaluri konstruqciebis Semdegi formulebiT: 

I) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + (ar) unda + zmna; WE + MUST (+NOT) +VERB, 

sadac Cven/ WE gvxvdeba, rogorc eqskluziuri aseve inkluziuri 

mniSvnelobiT; eqskluziuri nacvalsaxeliT gadmocemuli 

brZanebis SemTxvevaSi brZanebis Semsrulebeli obieqti aris 

prezidenti mTavrobasTan erTad, xolo eqskluziuri 

nacvalsaxelis Cven/ WE gamoyenebiT, brZanebis Semsrulebel 

obieqtTa rigs emateba Tavad msmeneli, adresati. 

II) Tqven + unda + zmna; YOU + MUST + VERB 

III) (arsebiTi +) unda + zmna (momaval formaSi); Noun +MUST +VERB 

III jgufSi Sedis agreTve formuliT “unda + zmna” gamoxatuli 

direqtivebi, romlebic qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

gvxvdeba. msgavsi formulebi miukerZoebeli stilis aris, anu 

maTSi ar Cans, Tu visken aris mimarTuli direqtivebi, viszea 

gaTvlili brZanebis perlokuciuri efeqti, vin aris gacemuli 

brZanebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

amasTanave, mowodebebisa da direqtivebis gacemisas prezidentebi 

msmenelis mxridan yuradRebis gamaxvilebis mizniT aqtiurad iyeneben 

sxvadasxva sintaqsur eqspresiul saSualebas da stilistur xerxs, 

rogoricaa, magaliTad, stilisturi CamonaTvali, anaforuli gameoreba da 

paraleluri konstruqciebi; isini kidev ufro amaxvileben auditoriis 

yuradRebas Setyobinebis Sinaarsze. qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi, sadac 

prezidentebi zemoT Camotvlil stilistur xerxebs iyeneben: 

37

(1) “modiT erTad gavufrTxildeT Cvens qveyanas; modiT, erTad 

avaciloT mas Zaladoba; modiT, erTad vimuSaoT ukeTesi 

momavlisaTvis, gadavusvaT xazi yvelafers uaryofiTs, rac warsulSi 

gvqonda da vifiqroT saerTo momavalze.” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

(2) “However difficult the fight is in Iraq, we must win it -- we must succeed for our own 

sake; for the security of our citizens, we must support our troops, we must support the 

Iraqi government, and we must defeat al Qaeda in Iraq.” (G.W.B 04.06.2007) 

1.4. fatikuri funqcia 

kvlevam cxadyo, rom fatikuri funqcia mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. misi realizacia prezidentTa pirvelive 

sityvebSi vlindeba, kerZod mimarTvis formebSi “dear fellow citizens”; “my dear 

fellows”; “Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleno”; “Cemo Zvirfasebo”; “Zmebo da debo”. 

msgavsi sityvebis gamoyenebiT prezidentebi msmenelTan uSualo, megobruli 

garemos Seqmnas cdiloben, raTa dasawyisSive ganawyon msmeneli dadebiTad. 

fatikuri funqciis ganxorcieleba politikur diskursSi da kerZod 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi mimarTvis dasawyisSi, Sua da bolo nawilebSi 

gvxvdeba. kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi frazebis ramdenime klasi, romelic 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi eqspresivis tipis aqtebiT aris gadmocemuli da 

enis fatikur funqcias asrulebs. rogorc qarTvel, aseve amerikel 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba: 

I) misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi; 

II) madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebi 

Mmisalmebis da mimarTvis gamomxatveli frazebiT prezidentebi 

fatikur kontaqts amyareben msmenelTan, raTa miipyron msmenelis yuradReba 

da dadebiTad ganawyon, Seamzadon isini garkveuli informaciis misaRebad, 

xolo madlierebis Tavaziani frazebiT fatikuri kontaqti kidev ufro 

Rrmavdeba madlierebis Tanaziari emociuri garemos Seqmnis gziT. 

38

amerikeli da qarTveli prezidentebis mier sxvadasxva Janris 

gamosvlebSi gamoyenebuli madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebi 

struqturis mixedviT davyavi ramdenime qvetipad, romelTa formulebis 

xilva SesaZlebelia II Tavis 2.4 qve-TavSi eqspresivebi. (ixileT. gv. 113-117 

amave TavSia SesaZlebeli misalmebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani frazebis 

qvetipis xilva, gv. 110-112) 

saprezidento gamosvlebSi enis fatikuri funqcia xSirad piris 

deiqsis (piris nacvalsaxelebi Sesabamis predikatul SeTanxmebebTan erTad) 

meSveobiT realizdeba. kamaTi deiqsiss Sesaxeb enaTmecnierTa Soris- 

miekuTvneba is semantikas Tu pragmatikas kvlavac gZeldeba. Tumca 

veTanxmebi enaTmecnierTa did nawils, romelnic deiqsiss pragmatikis 

umniSvnelovanes aspeqtad ganixilaven. (Verschueren, 1999; Yule, 1996; Levinson 

1983; Mey 1994) rogorc cnobilia, deiqsisi gulisxmobs im fenomens, rodesac 

garkveuli sityvebis da frazebis mniSvneloba gamonaTqvamSi moiTxovs 

konteqstualur informacias. Ddeiqsisi calkeul enaSi arsebuli 

struqturebis meSveobiT enasa da konteqsts Soris damokidebulebis 

garkvevas uwyobs xels. sityvebi aris deiqtikuri, Tu maTi semantikuri 

mniSvneloba aris fiqsirebuli, Tumca maTi denotatiuri mniSvneloba 

icvleba drois da/an adgilis Sesabamisad. rogorc cnobilia, deiqtikur 

sityvebs miekuTvneba nacvalsaxeli. CvenTvis sainteresoa piris deiqsisi, 

romelic exeba monawilis rolis gadmocemas sametyvelo xdomilebaSi. 

pirveli piri gulisxmobs adresant, (Gaynesford 2006), meore piri gulisxmobs 

adresats (Anderson & Keenan 1988; Fillmore 1982:31–59) xolo mesame piri 

gulisxmobs kominkaciis aramonawile pirs. (Traut, 1996) 

Seswavlil masalaSi pirveli piris mxolobiTi nacvalsaxeli “me” ar 

gamoiyeneba xSirad, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac referencia mxolod 

mTqmelzea (anu mxolod prezidentze), ZiriTadad im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 

prezidentis mier konkretul faqtze xdeba garkveuli pasuximgeblobis 

aReba an pirovnuli damokidebulebis gamoxatva konkretul movlenasTan 

mimarTebaSi. nacvalsaxel ”me”-s gamoyeneba metwilad prezidentTa 

sainauguracio sityvebSi gvxvdeba. Mmag.: 

39

(1) “me axla vdgavar Tqvens winaSe, ara rogorc erTi partiis, aramed 

rogorc mTeli eris lideri.” (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(2) “me, rogorc saqarTvelos prezidenti pasuxismgebeli var Tqvens 

winaSe” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(3) “me minda sruli pasuxismgeblobiT vTqva”; “me es sruliad 

Segnebulad gavakeTe”; “me gavgzavne cxinvalSi saxelmwifo 

ministri; me gTavazobT cecxlis dauyovnebliv Sewyvetas; “me 

viTxove, rom es e.w. ministrebi ukan gaiwvion; me Tqveni sibrZnis, 

didi istoriuli gamocdilebis imedi maqvs” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

(4) “I am grateful for the honor of this hour; I have sworn and you have witnessed”. 

(G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

(5) “I appreciate so very much the members of Congress; I ask for prayer; I've directed the 

full resources”. (G.W.B 11.09.2001) 

(6) “I gave Taliban leaders a series of clear and specific demands”; “I recently received a 

touching letter”( G.W.B 07.10.2001) 

(7) “I call on Congress to quickly send me legislation; I have called our military into action; 

I gave fair warning to the government” (G.W.B 08.11.2001). 

empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis 

gamoyeneba 5.4 –jer aRemateba mxolobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

gamoyenebas. aRniSnuli mimarTeba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: Cven – 84 %; me- 

16%. 

1. grafikuli gamosaxva 

40

მე 

16% 

ჩვენ 

84% 

Seswavlil masalaSi mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxeli “Cven” gamoyenebulia 3898 jer, xolo mxolobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli “me” gamoyenebulia 716 jer. 

2. grafikuli gamosaxva 

pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxel “Cven”/WE”-is xSiri 

gamoyeneba aixsneba prezidentTa intenciiT - gazardon erTobis 

suliskveTeba TiToeul msmenelSi, aRZran maTSi eris erTobis gancda, 

41

mianiSnon, rom TiToeuli moqalaqe aris Tanamonawile nebismieri movlenisa, 

rac qveyanaSi xdeba. 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi nacvalsaxeli “Cven”/WE sakmaod farTo 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. gvxvdeba rogorc eqskluziuri (exclusive), aseve 

inkluziuri (inclusive) mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris nacvasaxelis 

“Cven”/“we” gamoyeneba. kvlevam gamokveTa navalsaxelis “Cven”/“we” xmarebis 

kidev ufro konkretebuli SemTxvevebi, kerZod: 

I) eqskluziuri Cven ( = mosaubre + sxv(ebi)a - msmeneli = 

prezidenti + mTavroba) 

(1) “Cven araTu vagvianebT xelfasebis gacemas, aramed vzrdiT 

kidec; Cven SevimuSaveT ori umniSvnelovanesi ekonomikuri 

paketi.…”(m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(2) “Cven SevZlebT saqarTvelos ekonomikis SenarCunebas da 

gadarCenas; Cven vagrZelebT demokratiis kidev ifro metad 

gaZlierebas” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(3) “Cven ar gadavuxvevT ganviTarebis arCeul kurss; Cven mainc ar 

SevaCerebT Senebas.” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(4) “Cven yvelafers vakeTebT, rom Tavidan aviciloT Zaladoba; Cven 

gvaqvs didi gegmebi.” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

Exclusive WE (= speaker + other (s) - addressee = president + government) 

(1) “We will make no distinction between the terrorists (G.W.B 11.09. 2001) 

(2) “We have called up reserves to reinforce our military capability; we ask a lot of those 

who wear uniform; (G.W.B 07.10.2001) 

(3) “We have posted the National Guard in America's airports; We do not know whether 

this attack came from the same terrorists. We do not know the origin of the anthrax.” 

(G.W.B 08.11.2001) 

(4) “We have created a new Office of Homeland Security; We are imposing new licensing 

requirements; We passed a new anti-terrorism law.” (G.W.B 08.11.2001) 

42

(5) “We will issue appropriate alerts; We are destroying training camps; We are 

deliberately and systematically hunting down these murderers, and we will bring them 

to justice.”(G.W.B 08.11.2001) 

zemoT mocemul magaliTebSi “Cven,” konteqstidan gamomdinare, 

moicavs prezidentsa da mTavrobas, yvela uflebamosil pirs, romelic 

mTavrobis QqveS moiazreba (mTavrobis wevrebi, parlamentis wevrebi, 

saxelmwifo da sajaro struqturebSi momuSave pirebi), Tumca ar moicavs 

sametyvelo xdomilebis Tanamonawile sxva wevrebs - msmenels da/an 

mkiTxvels, romelic ar Sedis mTavrobis uflebamosil pirTa rigSi. 

II) inkluziuri Cven ( = mosaubre + msmeneli = prezidenti + 

auditoria + yvela) 

(1) “Cven ar SegviZlia avirCioT tirania, Cven ar SegviZlia 

Tavisuflebaze uaris Tqma.”(m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(2) “Cven gavuZlebT imperiis agresias; Cven arasdros ar dagviTmia 

Tavisufleba da Rirseba. . . Cven arc am jerze ar dagviTmia da 

ar davTmobT arasodes.” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(3) “Cven SeCveulebi viyaviT mudmiv provokaciebs.” (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

(4) “Cven gavaCereT Tbiliss momdgari urdo; Cven vamayobT 

dRevandeli dRiT; Cven oqros sawmisis da argonavtebis qveyana 

varT; Cven varT uZvelesi qristianuli civilizaciis qveyana.” 

(m.s. 01.09.2009) 

Inclusive WE ( = speaker + other (s) + addressee = president + audience + all) 

(1) “We go forwards to defend freedom; we stand together to win the war; we 

responded with the best of America.”(G.W.B 11.09.2001) 

(2) “We are joined in this operation; we are supported by the collective will of the 

world; we will make it more difficult; we will win the conflict; we are a peaceful 

nation; we did not ask for this mission, but we will fulfill it; we defend not only 

our precious freedom.” (G.W.B 07.10.2001) 

(3) “We are the target of enemies who boast they want to kill; We value life; We value 

the right to speak our minds; We respect people of all faiths; We wage a war to 

43

save civilization itself. We did not seek it, but we will fight it, and we will 

prevail.” (G.W.B 08.11.2001). 

Mmocemul magaliTebSi konteqstidan naTlad Cans, rom inkluziuri 

“Cven” moicavs TiToeul adamians, romelic nebismieri formiT aris 

sametyvelo xdomilebis Tanamonawile, iqneba es pirdapiri Tanamonawileoba 

Tu virtualuri. prezidentebis intencia piris deiqsisis, kerZod, 

inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis “Cven” gamoyenebisas aris msmenelis da 

an/mkiTxvelis CarTva, maTSi saxelmwifos marTvis da eris cxovrebis 

procesebSi Tanamonawileobis survilis aRZvra, zogjer ki im gancdis 

Seqmna, rom isini Tavad qmnian arsebul realobas da ara marto mTavroba an 

prezidenti. 

1.5. metalingvisturi funqcia 

interess iwvevs metalingvisturi funqciis realizaciis 

Taviseburebani. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi metalingvisturi funqcia 

saTanado registrisa da stilis SerCevaSi vlindeba. politikuri 

mimarTvebis SemTxvevaSi gadamwyvetia oficialurobis xarisxis SerCevac, 

prezidentebi metwilad neitralur stils irCeven, zogjer ki oficialurs 

an kidev araoficialurs, ra Tqma unda, es eqstralingvisturi faqtorebis 

gaTvaliswinebiTac xdeba, Tu ra garemoSi da vis mimarT warmoiTqmis 

sityva. 

I) oficialuri stili: 

(1) “Cveni nebisa da survilis sawinaaRmdegod, saqarTvelo iqca 

imperializmisa da warsulis ideologiis Zaladobrivi 

Tavdasxmis pirvel obieqtad.” (m.s. 01.01.209) 

(2) “Those who celebrate the murder of innocent men, women and children, have no 

religion, have no conscience, and have no mercy.” (G.W.B. 08.11.2001) 

II) araoficialuri stili: 

44

(1) “me tyuilad ar davrbivar saqarTvelos regionebSi da vxsni 

xan erT ekonomikur zonas da xan meores. Ppiradad damaqvs 

proeqtebi da vcdilob maT ganxorcielebas.” (m.s. 03.12.2010) 

(2) “Citizens of a free Georgia, Laura and I were in the neighborhood -- we thought 

we'd swing by and say gamarjoba.”(G.W.B. 10.05.2005) 

saprezidento gamosvlebSi sakmaod xSiria amaRlebuli stilis 

gamoyeneba. amaRlebul stils xSirad citatebis, aluziebis, metaforebisa 

da sxva stilisturi Tu eqspresiuli saSualebebis gamoyeneba qmnis, rac 

poeturobasa da eqspresiulobas sZens naTqvams da Sesabamisad xdeba enis 

poeturi da/an emociuri funqciis realizeba. 

(1) “Tu raime gveamayeba Cveni warsulidan, Tuki rames vetrfiT Cevni 

didi winaprebis namoRvawaridan, es aris ara daTmoba, aramed 

Tavganwiruli brZola samSoblos da Tavisuflebis dasacavad.” 

(m.s. 01.01.2009) 

(2) “Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose 

worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been 

threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us”. 

(G.W.B 11.09. 2009) 

amaRlebul stilze yuradRebis gamaxvilebisas unda aseve aRiniSnos 

prezidentTa metaena, rac uSualod enis metalingvisturi funqciis 

gamoxatvasTan aris kavSirSi. magaliTad, prezident buSis metaena 

religiurad, Teologiurad da moralurad datvirTulia. sakuTar 

gamosvlebSi igi xSirad iyenebs citatebs bibliidan, rac mis gamosvlas 

poeturobasac sZens. magaliTad: 

(3) “Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no 

evil, for you are with me." (G.W.B. 11.09.2001) 

mis gamosvlebSi mravlad daiZebneba magaliTi, sadac misi religiuri 

metaena naTlad vlindeba: 

45

(4) "This will be a monumental struggle of good versus evil, but good will prevail. 

None of us would ever wish the evil to have been done to our country, yet we have 

learned that out of evil can come great good.” (G.W.B 08.11.2009) 

Mprezident saakaSvilis gamosvlebSi ar aris citatebi bibliidan, 

magram igi Zalze xSirad moixseniebs wmindanebs. mis gamosvlebSi aseve 

xSiria sikeTisa da borotebis Sesaxeb Temis gaSla. or prezidents Soris 

am kuTxiT arsebobs sakmaod didi msgavseba. orive prezidenti aRniSnavs, 

rom misi erisa da qveynis brZola aris brZola sikeTisa borotebaze. 

prezidenti saakaSvili 2008 wlis 3 maisis mimarTvis bolo nawilSi 

acxadebs Semdegs: 

(5) “ msoflioSi dRes sikeTis da borotebis brZola mimdinareobs. 

erT-erTi yvelaze mTavari fronti saqarTveloSia. . . 

borotebisa da sikeTis brZolaSi win gagviZRveba wminda 

giorgi, borotebisa da sikeTis brZolaSi erT muStad Sekruli 

qarTvelebi da saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela sxva erovnebis 

warmomadgeneli, gaerTianebuli, laRi da amayi saqarTvelo 

yvelanair ubedurebas daamarcxebs, Cveni gamarjveba borotebis 

saukuno damarcxeba da sikeTis da momavlis gamarjveba iqneba.” 

(m.s. 03.05.2008) 

sikeTesa da borotebas Soris brZolis Temas TiToeuli prezidenti 

exeba, maT RrmaT sjerad, rom maTi qveyana ibrZvis sikeTis saxeliT da 

RvTis wyalobiT gaimarjveben brZolaSi borotebasTan: 

(6) “Cveni istoria, cxovrebis wesi, brZola sarwmunoebisaTvis, 

erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis, aris mowameobrivi, 

qristesmieri gza sikeTisa, siqvelisa da siyvarulisa. istoria 

gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, raTa davubrundeT mamapapiseul gzas, 

avaRorZinoT rwmeniT Tavisufali saqarTvelo. dgeba Jami 

rodesac uklebliv yvelas sicocxle mamuls ekuTvnis. eri 

ueWvelad mzad aris gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis. . . didi miznebi 

mxolod RvTaebrivi siyvaruliT aRsruldebian.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

46

prezidenti buSi miiCnevs, rom amerikis SeerTebul Statebs akisria 

didi da mniSvnelovani misia da rom misi siZliere aris momarTuli 

keTilis saqmnelad: 

(7) “America today is a proud, free nation, decent and civil, a place we cannot help but 

love. We know in our hearts, not loudly and proudly, but as a simple fact, that this 

country has meaning beyond what we see, and that our strength is a force for 

good.” (G.H.W.B 1989) 

Pprezident klintonis ritorikiT, amerika unda misdevdes RvTis 

sityvas da ar unda gaiTangos sikeTis qmniT da unda upasuxos RvTis 

gamoZaxils: 

(8) “And so, my fellow Americans, at the edge of the 21st century, let us begin with 

energy and hope, with faith and discipline, and let us work until our work is done. 

The scripture says, "And let us not be weary in well-doing, for in due season, we 

shall reap, if we faint not." From this joyful mountaintop of celebration, we hear a 

call to service in the valley. We have heard the trumpets. We have changed the 

guard. And now, each in our way, and with God's help, we must answer the call.” 

(B.C. 1993) 

prezidenti barak obama gamZleobisken da sulis gaZlierebisaken 

mouwodebs amerikel xalxs, axsenebs maT RvTis sityvebs: 

(9) “We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set 

aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose 

our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on 

from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are 

free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. (B.O. 

2009) 

TiToeuli prezidenti, gansakuTrebiT ki mixeil saakaSvili 

darwmunebulia, rom sikeTis gamovlineba maTi erebisa da qveynebis saxiT 

gaimarjvebs. am mxriv unda aRiniSnos prezident saakaSvilis Seudrekeli 

optimizmiT Sefaruli metaena: 

47

(10) “saqarTvelo yvelanair ubedurebas daamarcxebs; Cven yvelafers 

gavuZlebT da yovelTvis gadavrCebiT; yvelafers 

gavumklavdebiT; gavimarjvebT; Cven movaxdineT saswauli da 

ase unda gavagrZeloT“. (m.s.03.05.2009). 

(11) “Cven aucileblad gavalT samSvidoboze; Cven yvelani davdgebiT 

erTad, yvelani viqnebiT Zlierad, yvelani viqnebiT 

warmatebuli da gamarjvebuli” (01.09.2008). 

prezidentTa diskursis erT-erT umTavres Temas warmoadgens aseve 

Tavisufleba da demokratia. Tu przidenti karteri Tavisuflebas 

asociaciurad adamianis uflebebs ukavSirebda, jorj buSis (ufrosi) 

diskursSi Tavisufleba ufro demokratiasTan aris gaigivebuli. rodesac 

vkiTxulobT prezident buSis mier warmoTqmul reprezentativebs: ”great 

nations of the world are marching towards democracy through the door to freedom” da rom “the 

day of the dictator is over”, uneblieT mivdivarT daskvnamde, rom misi gancxadebebi 

mis rwmenas, winaswarmetyvelur unars an ukiduresad kargad 

informirebulobas unda mivaweroT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, Tu ra xdeboda 

misi sainauguracio gamosvlis warmoTqmis dros (1989 wlis ianvari) 

msoflioSi. (1989 wlis maisSi mixeil gorbaCovi iqna arCeuli sabWoTa 

kavSiris komunisturi partiis centraluri komitetis generalur mdivnad, 

ivnisidan moyolebuli poloneTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sedegad 

pirvelad 40 wlis manZilze poloneTis mTavrobas arakomunisti mmarTveli 

Caudga saTaveSi. amave dros aseve ganviTarda tienanmenis moednis movlenebi 

CineTis saxalxo respublikaSi. berlinis kedeli da rkinis farda gaixsna 

1989 noemberSi, xolo dekemberSi rumineTSi Camogdebul iqna CauSesku. 1990 

wlis dasawyisSi gaTavisuflebul iqna nelson mandela, xolo nikaraguaSi 

dasrulda komunisturi reJimi.) 

prezidenti klintoni sainauguracio gamosvlaSi sityva 

“Tavisuflebas” mxolod samjer iyenebs. erTxel imave perspeqtiviT iyenebs, 

rogorc buSi (xalxi aSenebs demokratias da Tavisuflebas “people are building 

democracy and freedom”), meored epiTetiT amkobs da iyenebs kombinacias 

Tavisuflebis mzis sxivs, romelic bolos uRebs civ oms “Today, a generation 

48

aised in the shadows of the Cold War assumes new responsibilities in a world warmed by the 

sunshine of freedom but threatened still by ancient hatreds and new plagues” da mesamed 

iyenebs, rogorc moqalaqeebis idividualur privilegiad, romelic 

safrTxeSia danaSaulis gamo “when fear of crime robs law-abiding citizens of their 

freedom”. (B.C.20.01.1993) 

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis prezidentebis mier demokratia da 

Tavisufleba ganixileba ara rogorc mxolod principebi, romelTac 

amerikelebi afaseben, icaven da iyeneben, aramed amerikis erTaderT 

prerogativad. magaliTad, amerikis kapitoliums metaforulad uwodeben 

“democracy‟s front porch”, inauguracias “democracy‟s big day”, amerikis 

saxeldebisas ki Semdeg metaforas iyeneben “world‟s oldest democracy “. ara- 

amerikelebisaTvis aRniSnuli kadnier ganacxadad aRiqmeba, Tumca 

amerikelebisaTvis brwyinvaled JRers, swored amaSi mdgomareobs 

epideiqturi ritorikis arsi. 

gavrcobili metaforebis gamoyenebiT saubrobs prezidenti buSi 

umcrosi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis Sesaxeb, romelic prezidenti 

buSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli religiuri elementebiTaa gaJRenTili da 

amadroulad amerikis, rogorc RvTiuri qveynis demokratiis 

gamavrceleblis xatis Seqmniskenaa mimarTuli: 

(12) “Through much of the last century, America's faith in freedom and democracy 

was a rock in a raging sea. Now it is a seed upon the wind, taking root in many 

nations.” (G.W.B 20.01.2001) 

prezidenti buSi Tavisuflebisa da demokratiisTvis brZolaSi myof 

amerikas metaforulad asociaciebis meSveobiT ukavSirebs aRelvebul 

zRvaSi myof kldes. misTvis amerika sxva erebsa da qveynebSi Tavisuflebisa 

da demokratiis gamavrcelebeli marcvalia (gavrcobili metafora). aqve 

vxvdebiT religiur aluziebs: qristes saubari mowafeebTan RvTis sityvis 

gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, sadac RvTis sityva metaforulad Teslis/marcvali 

saxiT Cndeba, saidanac unda aRmocendes sikeTe, aRniSnul magaliTSic 

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi aris Tavisuflebis da demokratiis Tesli, 

49

sadainac fesvi unda gaidgas demokratiam sxva qveynebSi. me-13 magaliTSi 

prezidenti uziarebs msmenels sakuTar rwmenas amerikis umniSvnelovanesi 

rolis Sesaxeb: sxva qveynebSi Tavisuflebis warmateba damokidebulia 

Tavisuflebis gadarCenaze StatebSi. 

(13) “We are led, by events and common sense, to one conclusion: The survival of liberty 

in our land increasingly depends on the success of liberty in other lands. . . The best 

hope for peace in our world is the expansion of freedom all over the world.” 

(G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

me-14 magaliTSi prezidenti buSi kvlav metaforas mimarTavs da 

demokratias amerikis rwmenis akvnad, TiToeul amerikelSi sawyisidanve 

Tandayolil imedad da idealad warmogvidgens: 

(14) “Our democratic faith is more than the creed of our country, it is the inborn hope 

of our humanity, an ideal we carry but do not own, a trust we bear and pass along. 

And even after nearly 225 years, we have a long way yet to travel.” (G.W.B 

20.01.2001) 

prezidenti buSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs Tavisuflebis 

Temas 2005 wlis sainauguracio gamosvlaSi, sadac kidev ufro mxatvrulad 

saubrobs misi rwmenis Sesaxeb, rom amerikam sakuTari ZalisxmeviT 

aagizgiza Tavisuflebis cecxli, rac, misi rwmeniT, miswvdeba samyaros 

ubneles wertilebsac Tavisuflebis ayvavebis mizniT: 

(15) “By our efforts we have lit a fire as well; a fire in the minds of men. It warms those 

who feel its power. It burns those who fight its progress. And one day this untamed 

fire of freedom will reach the darkest corners of our world”. (G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

misi mosazrebiT, ar arsebobs adamianTa gaTavisufleba da 

uflebebis dacva Tavisuflebis arsebobis gareSe: 

(16) “In the long run, there is no justice without freedom, and there can be no human 

rights without human liberty. . . .Eventually, the call of freedom comes to every 

mind and every soul. We do not accept the existence of permanent tyranny because 

we do not accept the possibility of permanent slavery”. (G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

50

prezidenti obama erT-erTi gamosvlis bolos Tavisuflebas epiTetiT 

amkobs “and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us we carried forth that great 

gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations”. (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

demokratia da Tavisufleba aseve umTavres Temebs warmoadgens 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. prezident zviad gamsaxurdias rwmeniT, 

umTavresia xalxma gaiTavisos Tavisuflebisa da demokratiis suli: 

(17) ”Tavisuflebisa da demokratiisaTvis mebrZoli xalxi, 

religiuri msoflxedvis da erovnuli cnobierebis aRorZinebis 

sazogadoeba - es aris Cveni awmyo, Cveni brZolis Sedegi”. (z.g. 

07.06.1991) 

prezidenti SevardnaZe Tavisuflebasa da demokratias ki miznebis 

konteqstSi ixseniebs: 

(18) “prezidentisa da mTavrobis mTavari mizani- aris Zveli, 

totalitaruli social-ekonomikuri formaciis Secvla axali 

social-ekonomikuri wyobiT, demokratiisa da Tavisuflebis 

realurad damkvidreba…. . .samarTleblivi saxelmwifo, Ria 

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba, socialurad orientirebuli sabazro 

ekonomika, eris sulieri da materialuri kulturis axali 

renesansi, demokratia, suvereniteti, Tavisufleba, konstituciisa 

da kanonis uzenaesoba, ai, Cveni umTavresi miznebi da amocanebi”. 

(e.S. 26.11.1995) 

prezident saakaSvilisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia Tavisuflebisa da 

demokratiis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, risi miRwevac mxolod 

Tavdauzogavi SromiTaa SesaZlebeli. igi aRniSnavs, rom “saqarTvelos didi 

svla demokratiisa da Tavisuflebisaken grZeldeba” da “rogorc arasodes, 

ise mtkicea axla Cveni neba Tavisuflebis da demokratiis dasacavad. 

istoriuli qartexilebi momavlis asaSeneblad saWiro gakveTilebia. 

gakveTilebi, romlebic gvaswavlian, rom Tavisuflebis dacvas didi jafa 

da gaazrebuli gambedaoba sWirdeba, rom Seuqcevadi araferia, rom gza 

gamarjvebisaken Zalian didi sirTuleebiTaa Caxergili.” (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

51

1.6. poeturi funqcia 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi uamravi magaliTis daZebna SeiZleba, sadac 

enis poeturi funqcia mkafiod Cans. poeturi funqcia prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi xSirad realizdeba: 

a) fonetikuri gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT da stilisturi 

xerxebiT, rogoricaa: aliteracia, riTma, ritmi; 

b) sintaqsuri stilisturi xerxiT, rogoricaa: gameoreba, 

paraleluri konstruqciebi; 

g) myari sityvaTSeTanxmebebiT, rogoricaa: andazebi, citatebi da 

literaturuli, istoriuli, religiuri aluziebi. 

ganvixiloT magaliTebi: 

(1) 

1. “We will not waver, a 

2. we will not tire, b 

3. we will not falter, a 

4. and we will not fail. c 

5. Peace and freedom will prevail.” C (G.W.B 07.10.2001) 

prezienti buSi paraleluri konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT, iseTi 

konceptualuri mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebis SerCeviT, romelic aseve 

eriTmeba erTmaneTs, frazas poeturobas sZens. frazaSi gamoyenebulia qores 

da daqtilis tipis orterfiani metri da xmovanTa arasruli riTma. 

riTmasTan erTan gamoyenebuli zmnebi qmnian ritms, rac dinamiurobas sZens 

gamoTqmas, xolo eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis “Cven” gamoyeneba uCens 

msmenels imis gancdas, rom is Tavadac am procesis, am dinamikis nawilia, am 

erTobis erT-erTi elementia. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom ufrosi buSic aranaklebi poeturobis frazebs 

iyenebs gamosvlaSi. qvemoT mocemulia ufrosi buSis sainauguracio 

gamosvlidan amonaridi, romelic moicavs 4 winadadebas, rac riTmisa da 

ritmis kompoziciuri formis Sesabamisad Semdeg 8 taepad davalage, aq 

52

metwilad gamoyenebulia iambis da qores heqsametri (3, 4, 5, 6 pwkarebi) da 

oqtametri (1, 2, 7, 8 pwkarebi) bevri modifikaciiT: 

(2) 

1 “ I do not mistrust the future; a 

2 I do not fear what is ahead. b 

3 For our problems are large, c 

4 but our heart is larger. d 

5 Our challenges are great, c 

6 but our will is greater. d 

7 And if our flaws are endless, e 

8 God's love is truly boundless.” e (G.H.W.B 1989) 

gamonaTqvams poeturobas da ritmulobas matebs xmovanTa arasruli 

riTma, gamoyenebuli paraleluri konstruqciebi da gameoreba. 

TiToeuli prezidentis gamosvlaSi uamravi fraza Tu gamonaTqvami 

gvxvdeba, romelic sakmaod riTmuli da poeturia. SetyobinebebSi poetur 

funqcias, ZiriTadad, asruleben: 

a) aliteracia 

“yvelafers, rasac aqamde mivaRwieT, mivaRwieT mSvidobiT. yvelafers, 

rasac momavalSi mivaRwevT, mivaRwevT mSvidobiT (m.s. 03.05.2008) 

simSvidis da mSvidobis atmosferos Sesaqmnelad aliteracias 

mimarTavs, rac asobgeris “m” da sityva “mSvidobis” gameorebiT da 

paraleluri konstruqciebis gamoyenebis gziT miiRweva. 

b) literaturuli, istoriuli an religiuri aluziebi 

rogorc cnobilia, aluzia aris ritorikuli xerxi da niSnavs 

”gadakrul sityvas”, aRniSnuli xerxis meSveobiT xdeba raime istoriuli, 

religiuri ambis, literaturuli nawarmoebis, miTis, xelovnebis nimuSis 

pirdapir an impliciturad “gadakvriT” xseneba. aluziebi msmenelis da/an 

mkiTxvelis mxridan garkveul foniseul codnas moiTxovs asociaciuri 

kavSirebis dasadgenad. (Abrams, 1971) 

(1) “saqarTvelos istoria aris daviTis da goliaTis brZolis 

istoria da rogori Zlieri, eSmaki, daundobeli da did 

53

orotebaze wamsvleli ar unda iyos goliaTi, am brZolaSi 

sulierad Zlieri daviTi gaimarjvebs” (m.s. 03.05.2008) 

daviTis da goliaTis brZola erTdoulad religiuri da 

literaturuli aluziaa. konteqstidan gamomdinare, daviTSi moiazreba 

saqarTvelo, xolo goliaTSi ruseTi; igi goliaTiviT Zlieri da EeSmakia, 

Tumca prezident saakaSvils sjera, rom daundobel brZolaSi saqarTvelo 

gaimarjvebs, vinaidan saqarTvelo daviTis msgavsad sulierad ufro 

Zlieria. 

(2) “Cven pativi unda mivagoT or did adamians, or did gmirs: qujis 

da farnavazs - saqarTvelos did mefeebs, romlebmac 

gaaerTianes da gaamTlianes saqarTvelo. dRes aq maTi sulebi 

Tavs dagvtrialeben. Cven unda gvaxsovdes is oqrosxana, 

romelsac didma daviTma Cauyara safuZveli, Tamar mefis didi 

moRvaweoba, giorgi brwyinvales xana. magram amave dros, ar 

unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom iyo wlebi, roca qarTulad 

locvis aRvlenac ki akrZaluli iyo.” (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

istoriuli aluzia qveynis didebisa da istoriuli qartexilebis 

gaxsenebis poeturi gzaa, rasac prezidenti saakaSvili mimarTavs me-2 

magaliTSi. 

Semdeg magaliTSi prezidenti obama aseve istoriul aluzias 

mimarTavs, ixsenebs ra TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli xalxis brZolebs 

konkordsa (1775 w., leqsingtonis da konkordis brZolebi aSS), getisburgSi 

(1863 w., aSS samoqalaqo omi), normandiasa (1944w., safrangeTi) da xesanSi 

(1968 w., (vietnami)): 

(3) “For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans 

in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; 

endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and 

died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh. Time 

and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their 

hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger 

54

than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or 

wealth or faction.” (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

Semdegi magaliTebi aris istoriuli aluziebis magaliTi, sadac 

prezidenti buSi “civ oms” ixsenebs. 1947-1991 wlebi, rodesac meore msoflio 

omis Semdeg komunistur samyarosa (sabWoTa kavSiri) da dasavlur samyaros 

(aSS da misi mokavSireebi) Soris arsebobda politikuri konfliqtis, 

samxedro daZabulobisa da ekonomikuri Sejibris mdgomareoba. xolo 

prezidenti klintoni ki amerikis danapirebis Sesaxeb saubrobs. 

(4) “Today, a generation raised in the shadows of the Cold War assumes new 

responsibilities in a world warmed by the sunshine of freedom but threatened still 

by ancient hatreds and new plagues.”(B.C. 20.01.1993) 

(5) “The promise of America was born in the 18th century out of the bold conviction 

g) citatebi 

that we are all created equal. It was extended and preserved in the 19th century, 

when our nation spread across the continent, saved the union, and abolished the 

awful scourge of slavery. Then, in turmoil and triumph, that promise exploded onto 

the world stage to make this the American Century.” (B.C.20.01.1997) 

prezidenti gamsaxurdia sainauguracio gamosvlaSi citirebs 

prezident ronald reigans: 

(1) ”Cven maqsimalurad vecdebiT Tanabari sastarto pirobebi 

SevuqmnaT yvelas, raTa privatizaciis SedegebiT isargeblon 

namdvilad sameurneo da mewarmeobis unaris mqone pirebma. 

privatiazacia Cven gvesmis, rogorc saqonlisa da 

momsaxureobis gadacemis strategia, romelic organizebulia 

saxelmwifo sawarmoebSi kerZod kompaniebis xelSi mTavrobis 

xarjebis Semcirebisa da im upiratesobebis gamoyenebis mizniT, 

romelsac iZleva sabazro sistema.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(2) “ar gavcvli salsa kldeebsa ukvdavebisa xezeda”; vaJkacsa guli 

rkinisa, abjari Tundac xisao” (m.s. 03.05.2008) 

55

(3) “The scripture says,” And let us not be weary in well-doing, for in due season, we 

shall reap, if we faint not”. (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, prezidentebi xSirad mimarTaven sintaqsuri 

stilisturi xerxebis gamoyenebas, riTac enis poeturi funqciis realizacia 

xdeba. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sintaqsuri stilisturi xerxebidan yvelze 

xSirad gxvdeba: sruli da arasruli paraleluri konstruqciebi da 

gameoreba (gansakuTrebiT ki anaforuli gameorebebi) rac ritmis 

Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels, mimarTvas ufro sasimovnos xdis mosasmenad da 

aRsaqmelad, da Tu fsiqologebs davujerebT, aadvilebs damaxsovrebas, 

albaT swored am intenciiT mimarTaven prezidentebi xSirad mokle advilad 

dasamaxsovrebeli frazebis gamoyenebas. 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTebi. pirvel da me-2 magaliTebSi 

gamoyenebulia frazebis “Cven vTqviT” da “We know” (sadac Cven eqskluziuri 

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba) anaforuli gameoreba da arasruli paraleluri 

konstruqciebi: 

(1) “Cven vTqviT, rom amas movspobdiT da movspeT kidec. 

Cven vTqviT, rom QquCaSi policieli aRaravis gaaCerebda. 

Cven vTqviT, rom SevqmnidiT saxelmwifos. 

amis aravis ar sjeroda, magram SevZeliT. 

Cven movaxdineT saswauli da ase unda gavagrZeloT”. 

(m.s. 03.05.2008) 

(2) “We know what works: Freedom works. 

We know what's right: Freedom is right. 

We know how to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on Earth: through 

free markets, free speech, free elections, and the exercise of free will unhampered 

by the state.” (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

me-3 magaliTSi gamoyenebulia deontikuri modalobis gamomxatveli 

konstruqciis “Let us” anaforuli gameoreba, rac gamiznulia msmenelis 

yuradRebis mipyrobaze mowodebebze, romlebsac prezidenti klintoni 

gadascems msmenels. 

56

(3) “And so, my fellow Americans, we must be strong, for there is much to dare. The 

demands of our time are great and they are different. Let us meet them with faith 

and courage, with patience and a grateful and happy heart. Let us shape the hope of 

this day into the noblest chapter in our history. Yes, let us build our bridge. A 

bridge wide enough and strong enough for every American to cross over to a 

blessed land of new promise.” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

(4) “90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Cven ar gvqonda samoqalaqo 

sazogadoeba. Cven bolo oTxi wlis manZilze avaSeneT 

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis safuZvlebi. 90-iani wlebis 

dasawyisSi Cven ar gvqonda socialurad orientirebuli 

sabazro ekonomika. Cven gavasruleT sabazro ekonomikis 

ZiriTadi safuZvlebis Camoyalibeba. ... 90-iani wlebis 

dasawyisSi Cven ar gvqonda legitimuri municipaluri 

xelisufleba da TviTmmarTveloba. bolo wlebSi 

CamovayalibeT adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvleoba ... 90-iani wlebis 

dasawyisSi Cven, faqtobrivad, ar gvyavda, organizebuli 

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. xuTi wlis manZilze SevqmeniT erovnuli 

SeiaraRebuli Zalebi. . ..” (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

kvlav anaforuli gameorebis magaliTi (4), Tumca am SemTxvevaSi 

kuTvnilebiTi zmniT (qona/yola) gamoxatuli egzistencialuri frazis “90- 

iani wlebis dasawyisSi “Cven ar gvqonda/gvyavda”-as gamoyenebiT. 

be new”: 

Semdeg magaliTSi (5) ki epiforul gameorebas vxvdebiT frazisa “may 

(5) “Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. 

But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage 

and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. 

These things are true.” (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

57

I Tavis daskvna 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi realizebuli enis funqciebis analizis 

Sedegad gamovitane Semdegi daskvnebi: 

1.1 referenciuli funqcia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi realizdeba 

faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemiT, romelic zogjer gamyarebulia 

statistikuri monacemebiT, rac met damajereblobas sZens 

gamosvlas da rasac gamosvlis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi nawili 

ukavia. 

1.2. prezidentTa sxvadasxva gamosvlaSi informatiulobis done 

gansxvavebulia. 

2.1. emociuri funqciis realizacia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

xorcieldeba enis sxvadasxva doneze, risTvisac gamoiyeneba 

stilisturi Rirebulebis mqone enobrivi erTeulebi, Sesityvebebi, 

frazebi, martivi an rTuli konstruqciebi, winadadebebi. maTi 


2.2. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi emociuri funqciis realizeba sityvis 

doneze Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: sityvis denotaciur 

mniSvnelobasTan erTad gansakuTrebiT sainteresod gamoiyeneba 

sityvis rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi konotaciuri 

mniSvnelobebi, Warbad gamoiyeneba saleqsikono da konteqstualuri 

(metafora), iseve rogorc, logikuri da emociuri (epiTeti) 

mniSvnelobebis urTierTqmedebebi. 

2.3. emociuri funqcia winadadebis doneze realizdeba eqspresiuli, 

gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT da stilisturi xerxebiT, 

romelTagan sWarbobs antiTeza, paraleluri konstruqciebi da 


2.4. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi prezidentTa mimarTvebis 

aucilebeli elementi – emociurad datvirTuli damamTavrebeli 

58

frazebi, rac locva-kurTxevis formulebiT aris warmodgenili da 

rac msmenelSi dadebiT emociebs aRZravs. 

3.1 prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis konatiuri funqcia zogjer 

gadmocemulia ritorikuli SekiTxvebiT, rac gamiznulia adresatze 

zemoqmedebis misaRwevad da miznad isaxavs msmenelis CarTulobis 

gazrdas, maTSi garkveuli grZnobebisa da damokidebulebis aRZvras. 


oTxi tipis kiTxviTi struqturiT gadmoicema, xolo qarTulenovan 

gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT mxolod kiTxviTsityvian winadadebebs. 

3.2. enis konatiuri funqcia vlindeba msmenelisadmi mimarTul 

mowodebebsa da direqtivebSi. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi 

Sesabamisi formulebiT gamoxatuli mowodebebis da direqtivebis 

qvetipebi. 

3.3. mowodebebisa da direqtivebis gacemisas prezidentebi msmenelis 

yuradRebis gamaxvilebis mizniT aqtiurad iyeneben sxvadasxva 

sintaqsur eqspresiul saSualebas da stilistur xerxs, rogoricaa 

magaliTad, stilisturi CamonaTvali, anaforuli gameoreba da 

paraleluri konstruqciebi, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs auditoriis 

yuradRebas Setyobinebis Sinaarsze. 

4.1. fatikuri funqcia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi realizdeba, rogorc 

mimarTvis dasawyisSi, ise Sua da bolo nawilebSi. 

4.2. kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi frazebis ramdenime klasi, romelic 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis fatikur funqcias asrulebs. 

prezidentTa, rogorc inglisurenovan aseve qarTulenovan 

mimarTvebSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba I) madlierebis gamomxatveli 

Tavaziani frazebi da II) misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi. 

analizis Sedegad aRniSnuli frazebi struqturis mixedviT davyavi 

ramdenime qvetipad Sesabamisi formulebiT. 

59

4.3. xSirad fatikuri funqciis realizacia eqspresivis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebiT xorcieldeba. 

4.4. saprezidento gamosvlebSi enis fatikuri funqcia xSirad piris 

deiqsis meSveobiT realizdeba. 

4.5. empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxelis “Cven/WE” gamoyeneba 5.4 –jer aRemateba mxolobiTi 

ricxvis pirveli piris “me/I” gamoyenebas. mravlobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis mimarTeba mxolobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxelTan Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: Cven/WE – 

84 %; me/I- 16% 

4.6 pirveli piris mxolobiTi nacvalsaxeli “me/I” ar gamoiyeneba maRali 

sixSiriT, mas vxvdebiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 

referencia mxolod mTqmelzea, prezidentis mier konkretul 

faqtze garkveuli pasuximgeblobis aRebis an pirovnuli 

damokidebulebis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi konkretul movlenasTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

4.7. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gadaWarbebulad gamoiyeneba pirveli 

piris mravlobiTi nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE,” misi gamoyeneba fatikur 

funqcias asrulebs da kidev ufro aaxloebs msmenels 

mosaubresTan. prezidentTa mimarTvebSi nacvalsaxelis “Cven/WE” 

gamoyeneba uCens msmenels imis gancdas, rom is Tavadac qveyanaSi 

mimdinare politikuri procesebis da dinamikis nawilia. 

4.8. nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE” sakmaod farTo mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. 

konteqstidan gamomdinare, nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE” sxvadasxva 

mniSvnelobas iZens. Kkvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi 

I) inkluziuri “Cven/WE” (mosaubre + msmeneli = prezidenti + 

auditoria + yvela) (qar.); Inclusive “WE” ( = speaker + other (s) + addressee 

= president + audience + all) (ing.) 

60

II) eqskluziuri Cven “Cven/WE” (mosaubre + sxv(ebi)a - msmeneli = 

prezidenti + mTavroba) (qar.); Exclusive “WE” (= speaker + other (s) - 

addressee = president + government) (ing.) 

5. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi metalingvisturi funqcia saTanado 

registris, stilis (oficialuri, araoficialuri, neitraluri, 

amaRlebuli stili) da metaenis SerCevaSi vlindeba, rodesac 

prezidentebi saubroben saerTo Temebis irgvliv, rogoricaa 

qveynis da eris Rirebulebebi, sikeTis (demokratiis) brZola 

borotebis (tiraniis) winaaRmdeg da sxv. saprezidento gamosvlebSi 

sakmaod xSiria amaRlebuli stilis gamoyeneba. amaRlebul stils 

xSirad citatebis, aluziebis, metaforebis da sxva stilisturi Tu 

eqspresiuli saSualebebis gamoyeneba qmnis, rac poeturobasa da 

eqspresiulobas sZens naTqvams da Sesabamisad xdeba enis poeturi 

da/an emociuri funqciis realizebac. 

6. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis poeturi funqcia Zalzed xSirad aris 

realizebuli. poeturi funqcia gamoixateba: 

a) fonetikuri gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebi da stilisturi 

xerxebiT, rogoricaa: aliteracia, riTma, ritmi. 

b) sintaqsuri eqspresiuli gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT da 

stilisturi xerxebiT, romelTaganac sWarbobs paraleluri 

konstruqciebi, anaforuli gameoreba, polisindetoni; 

g) myari sityvaTSeTanxmebebiT, rogoricaa: kliSe, andazebi, citatebi, 

da literaturuli, istoriuli, religiuri aluziebi. 

7. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis eqvsive funqcia - referenciuli, 

emociuri, konatiuri, fatikuri, metalingvisturi, poeturi 

funqcia - aqtiurad realizdeba da aris korelaciaSi erTmaneTTan. 

prezidentebis mier msmenelisaTvis gadacemuli faqtobrivi 

informacia emociurad, eqspresiulad, poeturad datvirTulia, ris 

61

Sedegad prezidentebi msmenelSi saTanado, sasurvel reaqcias 

aRZraven, amas garkveulwilad maTi metaenac ganapirobebs. 

msmenelTan kavSirs fatikuri funqciiT, xolo maT CarTulobas 

konatiuri funqciis relizebis gziT aRweven. 

8. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi eqvsive funqciis realizaciisas maRali 

sixSiriT gamoiyeneba rogorc leqsikuri da sintaqsuri, aseve 

fonetikuri stilisturi xerxebi da gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebi. 

62

Tavi 2 

sametyvelo aqtTa lingvisturi realizaciis 

Taviseburebani prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

winamdebare TavSi prezidentTa gamosvlebs sametyvelo aqtTa 

Teoriis kuTxiT ganvixilav. prezidentTa gamosvlebis sametyvelo aqtTa 

Teoriis TvalsazrisiT ganxilva saprezidento mimarTvebis ilokuciuri 

Zalisa da im lingvisturi saSualebebis garkvevas isaxavs miznad, romlebic 

xels uwyoben, erTi mxriv, aRniSnuli Zalis realizacias, xolo meore 

mxriv, garkveul perlokuciur efeqtze arian gaTvlili. 

kvlevis mizans aseve warmoadgens garkveva imisa, Tu romeli 

sametyvelo aqtebi gamoiyeneba saprezidento gamosvlebSi, ra aris maTi 

gamoyenebis sixSire, rogori mimarTeba arsebobs gamoyenebul sametyvelo 

aqtebs Soris da aseve ilokuciuri Zalis Tu ra maidentificirebeli 

saSualebebi (IFIDs) gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva ilokuciuri mizanis 

gamosaxatavad. 

empiriuli masalis sametyvelo aqtTa Teoriis TvalsazisiT 

kvlevisas veyrdobi j. ostinis da j. serlis Teoriebs sametyvelo aqtTa 

Sesaxeb. (Austin 1962; Searl 1969) 

rogorc cnobilia, j. ostinma gamonaTqvamis sakomunikacio efeqti 

daukavSira sam aspeqts, esenia: 

1) lokucia; 2) ilokucia da 3) perlokucia 

1) lokucia / lokuciuri aqti (Locutionary Act) moicavs gamonaTqvamis 

propoziciul Sinaars. 

2) ilokucia/ ilokuciuri aqti (Illocutionary Act) aris garkveuli 

propoziciuli mniSvnelobis gamonaTqvami, romelic komunikaciis procesSi 

iZens specifikur perlokuciur Zalas – pragmatikul mniSvnelobas, 

romelic SeiZleba Tavdapirveli propoziciuli mniSvnelobis sruliad 

sapirispiro oyos. 

63

3) perlokucia/perlokuciuri aqti (Perlocutionary Act) aris calkeuli 

ilokuciuri Zalis mqone gamonaTqvami gaTvlili garkveul perlokuciur 

efeqtze, rac gulisxmobs adresatze garkveuli zegavlenis moxdenas. . 

ostini gansakuTrebul aqcents ilokuciaze akeTebs da gamoyofs 

sametyvelo aqtebis xuT tips, rogoricaa: eqspozitivebi (Expositives), 

komisivebi (Commissives), bihebitivebi (Behabitives), eqsersitivebi (Exercitives), 

verdiqtivebi (Verdictives). (Austine 1962). 

mogvianebiT serli aRrmavebs sametyvelo aqtebis kvlevas da 

gamoyofs klasifikaciisaTvis saWiro 12 niSans, rac Semdeg oTx ZiriTad 

maxasiaTeblamde dahyavs. esenia: 

1) sametyvelo aqtebis ilokuciuri arsi (illocutionary point), romelic 

warmogvidgens realobas ama Tu im saxiT. 

2) sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebis dros Sesabamisobis mimarTeba 

(direction of fit): gansazRvravs enis Sesabamisobas realobasTan an iriqiT. 

adamianTa verbaluri aqtivoba potenciurad mainc Seesabameba im gare 

samyaros, sadac vcxovrobT da cvlis mas. Cvlilebis ganxorcieleba xdeba 

sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebis safuZvelze. nebismier sametyvelo 

situaciaSi individebs aqvT sxvadasxva intencia da sametyvelo aqtebma, 

romlebsac isini gamoiyeneben, unda asaxon aRniSnuli intencia, rogorc 

“mosamzadebeli piroba” (preparatory condition). 

Sinaarsi. 

3) sametyvelo aqti gamoxatavs fsiqologiur mdgomareobas. 

4) sametyvelo aqts safuZvlad udevs garkveuli propoziciuli 

yovelive zemoT xsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT serli gamoyofs 

sametyvelo aqtebis Semdeg xuT tips: 

1) reprezentativi/asertivi (Representative/ Assertive) aris 

sametyvelo aqtebi, romelTa arsic mdgomareobs saqmis viTarebis aRwerasa 

da warmodgenaSi; es aris WeSmaritebis maCvenebeli aqtebi, romlebic 

gamoxataven mosaubris rwmena-Sexedulebas raime viTarebisadmi, am 

sametyvelo aqtSi verbaluri qmedeba Seesabameba garesamyaros. (Searl 1980; 

64

Cutting 2002) reprezentativebi moicaven Semdeg verbalur qmedebebs: mtkiceba 

(assert); aRwera (describe), daskvnis gakeTeba (conclude), daJineba (insist), Txovna 

(claim), hipoTezis Camoyalibeba (hypothesize), winaswarganWvreta (predict) da a.S. 

2) direqtiva (Directive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelic 

orientirebulia adresatze: adresanti adresatis meSveobiT cdilobs 

Secvalos gare samyaro. (Searl 1980; Cutting 2002) direqtivebi gamoxataven 

adresantis survilebs, es SeiZleba iyos brZaneba (command, order); Txovna 

(request, ask); mudara (beg); SeTavazeba (suggest); mipatiJeba (invite), akrZalva (forbid) 

da a.S. 

3) komisivi (Commissive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelis arsi aris 

mosaubris mier valdebulebis aReba raimes Sesrulebaze. is ubiZgebs 

mosaubres momavali moqmedebisaken. (Searl 1969; Hatch 1992; Yule 1996) komisivebiT 

gamoxatuli moqmedebebi SesaZloa mosaubrem Seasrulos martom an rogorc 

jgufis wevrma. komisivebi gansxvavdebian siZlieris mixedviT da moicaven 

Semdeg verbalur qmedebebs: dapireba (promise); muqara ( threaten); uaryofa 

(refuse), ficis micema (vow); SeTavazeba (offer); iniciativis aReba (volunteer) da 

a.S. 

4) eqspresivi (Expressive) aris sametyvelo aqti, romelis arsia 

garkveuli fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis gamoxatva; (Searl 1975; Cutting 2002; 

Levinson 1983) ganasxvaveben ori tipis eqspresivs: erTi tipis eqspresivi 

gamoxatavs mosaubris moralur damokidebulebas, xolo meore tipis ki - 

emociur damokidebulebas. (van Ek 1976; Hatch 1992) eqspresivebi moicavs Semdeg 

verbalur qmedebas: qeba (praise); mobodiSeba (apologise); milocva (congratulate); 

wuxili (regret); sinanuli (deplore); misamZimreba (condole); madlobis gamoxatva 

(thank), misalmeba (welcome/greet) da a.S. 

5) deklaracia (Decleration) aris sametyvelo aqti, romlis mizania 

Secvalos viTareba gare samyaroSi. deklaraciis aucilebeli pirobaa, rom 

verbaluri qmedeba avtoritetis mqone pirovnebam ganaxorcielos. 

deklaracia badebs axal viTarebas an mdgomareobas da cvlis samyaros 

65

metyveli subieqtis Sesabamis socialur konteqstSi. (Searl 1969, Hatch 1992, 

Cutting 2002; Sadock 1988). 

pirdapir/ eqsplicitur sametyvelo aqtebTan erTad interess iwvevs 

aseve arapirdapiri/ implicituri sametyvelo aqtebis arseboba, romelsac 

serli gamoyofs da rac mravlad gvxvdeba prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. 

pirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis SemTxvevaSi xdeba informaciis 

sityvasityviTi gadacema, arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis SemTxvevaSi adgili 

aqvs miniSnebebs. arapirdapiri gziT gamoxatulebis SemTxvevaSi, 

struqturasa da funqcias Soris Sesabamisoba arapirdapiria. (Yule 1996; 

Krekel 1981) 

serlis mixedviT arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqti igivea, rac 

arapirdapiri “ilokuciri” aqti. igi miznad isaxavs auditoriasTan 

implicitur komunikacias da efuZneba adresantisa da adresatis ziar 

foniseur codnas. 

arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis warmateba damokidebulia auditoriis 

mier mTqmelis intenciis amocnobaze da mTqmelis mxridan intenciis 

Sesabamisi lingvisturi formebis SerCevaze, raTa gamonaTqvamis implikacia 

naTeli gaxados msmenelisaTvis. 

empiriuli masalis statistikuri analizi 

mizanSewonilad miviCnie ganmexorcielebina empiriuli masalis 

statistikuri kvleva: dadginda sametyvelo aqtTa gamoyenebis sixSire da 

maTi urTierTmimarTeba, rogorc qarTvel aseve amerikel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi. 

cxrilebSi: 

statistikuri kvlevis Sedegebi asaxulia qvemoT mocemul 

1. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sametyvelo aqtebis raodenobis 

grafikuli gamosaxva 

I) inglisurenovani empiriuli masala 

66

10000 

8000 

7000 

6000 

5000 

4000 

3000 

2000 

1000 

9000 

8000 

7000 

6000 

5000 

4000 

3000 

2000 

1000 

0 

0 

8680 

2460 

1800 

700 

100 

II) qarTulenovani empiriuli masala 

6820 

2960 

2342 

1254 

67 

რეპრეზენტატივები 

კომისივები 

დირექტივები 

ექსპრესივები 

დეკლარაციები 






2. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sametyvelo aqtebis realizaciis 

procentuli gamosaxva 

I) inglisurenovani empiriuli masala 

67


13% 


18% 


5% 


63% 

II) qarTulenovani empiriuli masala 


9% 


17% 


22% 


1% 


1% 


51% 

Aamdenad, rogorc qarTvel aseve amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

raodenobrivad sWarbobs reprezentativebis gamoyeneba. amerikel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi reprezentativebis raodenoba 63% aRwevs, xolo 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 51% Seadgens. reprezentativebs mosdevs 

komisivebis gamoyeneba, rac qarTvel prezidenTa gamosvlebSi 4%-iT 

68

aRemateba komisivebis raodenobas amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi (18%). 

direqtivebis raodenoba Semdegnairad gadanawilda: 17% qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi da 13% amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi, 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebi metad eqspresiulia da Seadgens 9%, 

xolo amerikel prezidenTa Seswavlil gamosvlebSi eqspresiuli aqtebis 

gamoyeneba 5 %-iT Semoifargleba. yvelaze mcire raodenobiT, rogorc 

qarTul aseve inglisurenovan empiriul masalaSi deklaraciebi gamoiyeneba 

da Seadgens mxolod 1 %. analizma cxadyo, rom miuxedavad mcire 

procentuli gansxvavebebisa, sametyvelo aqtTa Tanmimdevroba procentuli 

maCveneblis mixedviT msgavsia, rogorc qarTvel aseve amerikel prezidentTa 

sxvadasxva Janris gamosvlaSi. 

2.1. reprezentativebi 

prezidentTa ZiriTadi intencia anu ilokuciuri mizani gamosvlebis 

dros aris garkveuli SetyobinebebiT faqtobrivi informaciis miwodeba 

msmenelisaTvis da aseve imis gaziareba, Tu risi sjera da swams mas. 

yovelive es reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebiT gadmoicema. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, reprezentativebi yvelaze metad gamoyenebadi 

aqtebia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi (51% - qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

da 63%- amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi). vxvdebiT maT mravalferovan 

tipebs, isini sxvadasxva performatiuli zmniT, zogjer ki performatiuli 

zmnis gareSe aris gadmocemuli. Sesabamisad, reprezentativebis Semcveli 

masala or tipad warmovadgine. 

1) performatiuli zmnis Semcveli pirdapiri reprezentativebi 

Semdegi zmnebiT mjera, mwams (believe); vici (know); vTvli, vfiqrob, mimaCnia 

(think) 

a) reprezentativebi gamoxatuli sametyvelo aqtis zmniT (Speech Act 

Verb ( SemdgomSi - SAV) ) “vTvli”, “vfiqrob”, “mimaCnia” “think” 

69

(1) “...migvaCnia mizanSewonilia am molaparakebis procesSi saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa CarTvac [1]... Cven vfiqrobT, es aris 

erTaderTi gza im globaluri problemebis gadawyvetisa, romelic dgas 

msoflios winaSe 70 wlis manZilze” [2]. (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

prezidenti gamsaxurdia uziarebs msmenels mosazrebas, rom 

molaparakebebis procesSi sasurvelia CarTul iqnas saerTaSoriso 

organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, mosazrebas performativi “migvaCnia”-Ti 

gadmoscems, xolo me-2 sametyvelo aqtSi iyenebs performativs “vfiqrobT” 

globaluri problemis gadaWris gzis TanamoqalaqeebisaTvis gaziarebisas. 

Semdeg magaliTSi (2) performativi “vTvliT” gadmoscems ara mxolod 

reprezentacias, aramed direqtivasac. Tumca vrcel konteqstSi Cans, rom 

saxelmwifo swored rom zomierad ereva ekonomikaSi. Sesabamisad, qvemoT 

mocemuli aqti aris faqtis konstatacia da ara mowodeba. 

(2) “Cven vTvliT, rom saxelmwifo ekonomikaSi unda Caerios im zomiT, 

romelic aucilebelia qveynis erTiani politikuri da social- 

ekonomikuri interesebis dakmayofilebisa da samewarmeo 

saqmianobis ganviTarebisaTvis.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

M 

me-3 da 4 magaliTebSi prezidenti jorj buSi msmenels sakuTar 

mosazrebas performativi „think‟-is gamoyenebiT gadascems: 

(3) ” . . . and I think it's fair to say we've answered the call”. ( G.W.B. 28.01.2008) 

(4) “…and I think it's best we fight it over there…” ( G.W.B. 4.07.2007) 

(5) “And he would, I think, be gladdened by this day; for today is the concrete expression 

of a stunning fact: our continuity these 200 years since our government began..” (G.H.W 

B. 20.01.1989) 

zemoT mocemul me-5 magaliTSi prezdenti buSi (ufrosi) saubrobs, 

prezident voSingtonis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdenad moxaruli iqneboda igi 

amerikis mTavrobis Camoyalibebidan 200 wlis Tavze. aRniSnul mosazrebas 

“think” performativis gamoyenebiT ayalibebs. 

b) reprezentativebi gamoxatuli SAV ”vici” “know” 

70

(1) “Cven arc am jerze ar davTmeT da ar davTmobT arasodes. yvela 

dampyrobelma, yvela imperiam yovelTvis icoda, rom saqarTvelo 

gautexeli xalxis qveyana iyo [1]. es ician dResac da ecodinebaT 

momavalSic [2]. Cveni brZola gagrZeldeba, vidre okupirebuli 

teritoria ar gaTavisufldeba, vidre bolo okupanti ar 

datovebs saqarTvelos wminda miwas [3]. . . Cven viciT, rom amis 

Zala da unari Segvwevs “ [4]. (m.s. 01.09.2008) 

aRniSnul magaliTSi performativi “viciT” utoldeba rwmenas. 

prezidentma saakaSvilma ara mxolod icis, aramed Rrmad sjera, rom 

qarTvel xalxs Seswevs ruseTis damarcxebis Zala. me-4 sametyvelo aqtSi 

ilokuciuri ZaliT datvirTuliPperformativis “viciT” gamoyenebiT 

prezidenti uziarebs msmenels, rom igi saubrobs sayovelTaod cnobil 

faqtze, raSic msmenels ar unda Seeparos eWvi, imitom rom es WeSmaritia da 

sayovelTaod cnobilia. aRniSnuliT igi amavdroulad amxnevebs msmenels 

da cdilobs maT darwmunebas imaSi, risic mas Tavad sjera. 

Semdeg magaliTSi (2) performativi “viciT” mocemulia Semdeg 

SesityvebaSi “yvelam viciT”, sadac prezidentis intencia, aris igive, 

kerZod, sayovelTaod cnobili faqtis konstatacia da eris suliskveTebis 

gaZliereba, rom mocemuli Sansi ar unda iqnes gaSvebuli xelidan: 

(2) “dRes saqarTvelos aqvs gamTlianebisa da fexze wamodgomis 

unikaluri Sansi. yvelam viciT, rom am Sansis xelidan gaSvebas 

aravin ar gvapatiebs.” (m.s. 03.05.2008) 

Semdeg magaliTSi (3) reprezentativis aqti aseve performativiT 

“viciT” aris gadmocemuli, rac miuTiTebs, rom prezidents, aqvs informacia 

imis Sesaxeb Tu ra aris gasakeTebeli kidev qveyanaSi: 

(3) “Cven viciT, rom gasakeTebeli kidev bevria”. M(m.s. 04.09.2010) 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi warmodgenilia amerikeli 

prezidentebis mier warmoTqmuli reprezentativis tipis aqtebi, romelic 

gadmocemulia performativiT “know” kSesityvebaSi pirveli piris mxolobiTi 

da mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelebTan. 

71

WE (Inclusive) + KNOW 

(4) “In our hearts we know what matters.” (G.H.W B. 20.01.1989) 

(5) “We know we have made the reforms necessary to sustain those benefits… (B.C. 

20.01.1997) 

(6) “For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness.” (B.O. 

20.01.2009) 

(7) “We know that deep, persistent poverty is unworthy of our nation's promise.” (G.W. B. 

28.01.2008) 

I+ KNOW 

(8) “I know this is in our reach because we are guided by a power larger than ourselves 

who creates us equal in His image.” (G.W. B. 28.01.2008) 

(9) “Some, I know, have questioned the global appeal of liberty” . (G.W. B. 20.01.2005) 

(10) “We know what works: Freedom works. We know what's right: Freedom is right. We 

know how to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on Earth: through free 

markets, free speech, free elections, and the exercise of free will unhampered by the 

state. (G.W.B. 20.01.2005). 

miuxedavad performatiuli zmnis “know” gamoyenebisa me-10 

magaliTSi, aRniSnuli reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqti SesaZlebelia 

CaiTvalos arapirdapir aqtad, vinaidan prezidenti buSi ar svams 

SekiTxvebs, Tumca iZleva pasuxebs, Sesabamisad, kiTxva ar gadmoicema 

Sesabamisi kiTxviTi winadadebiT, magram SerCeuli struqturebiT advilad 

xdeba Tavisuflebaze aqcentebis gakeTeba da msmenelis darwmuneba, Tu 

ramdenad mniSvnelovani da yovlismomcvelia Tavisufleba. amdenad, 

ilokuciuri Zalis maindentificirebeli/ ganmsazRvreli xerxebidan 

(Illocutionary Force Identification Device – IFIDs) reprezentativis tipis aqtis 

gadmosacemad preformatiuli zmnebis gamoyenebasTan erTad prezidentebi 

iyeneben sityvaT wyobas sasurveli aqcentebis gasakeTeblad sasurveli 

ilokuciuri miznebis miRwevis mizniT. 

72

g) reprezentativebi gamoxatuli SAV “believe”/ “mjera, mwams” 

(1) gvjera, rom Cveni legitimuri da kanonieri miznebis misaRwevad 

mSvidoba erTaderTi gzaa.” (m.s. 01.12.2010) 

prezident saakaSvilis rwmeniT, miznebis miRwevis erTaderTi gza 

mSvidobaa, rasac igi performativis “gvjera” gamoyenebiT aRniSnavs. 

Semdeg magaliTSi prezidenti euTos rolze saubrobs, sadac 

ayalibebs mis Rrma rwmenas: 

(2) Cven sakuTari argumentebi gvqonda maTTan, magram me mudam mwamda, 

rom euTo monawileobas miiRebs demokratiuli da saarCevno 

procesebis monitoringSi”. M(m.s. 01.12.2010) 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi rTulia garkveva imisa, gamoxatavs Tu 

ara performativi “mjera” rwmeniT gamyarebul reprezentacias Tu 

prezidentis dapirebas, anu komisivs, rom saqarTvelo gamTliandeba: 

(3) “mjera, rom saqarTvelo gamTliandeba da gaerTiandeba. Mmjera, 

rom saqarTveloSi ar iqnebian Ratakni da upovarni. . . . dRes me 

mjera: yvelas, is vinc SeZlebulia Tu gaWirvebulia, gzas unaTebs 

RmerTisa da saqarTvelos momavlis didi rwmena (e.S. 26.11.1995) 

me-4 magaliTSi prezidenti jorj buSi reprezentativebis 

gamoyenebiT, romelic gadmocemulia performativiT “believe,” saubrobs 

sakuTari da amerikeli xalxis rwmenis Sesaxeb, rom qveynis sando megzuri 

aris Cveulebrivi xalxis koleqtiuri sibrZne: 

(4) “As Americans, we believe in the power of individuals to determine their destiny and 

shape the course of history. We believe that the most reliable guide for our country is 

the collective wisdom of ordinary citizens.” (G.W.B 28.01.2008) 

Mme-5 magaliTSi prezidenti buSi umcrosi reprezentativebis 

gamoyenebiT, romlebic prezidenti buSisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli religiuri 

elementebiTaa gaJRenTili, gamoxatavs Tavisuflebis universalobis miseul 

xedvas: 

(5) We believe in an Almighty, we believe in the freedom for people to worship that 

Almighty . . . I was proud to tell those brave souls that America stands with them in 

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their struggle for liberty, because we believe in the universality of liberty. I personally 

believe that freedom is a gift from an Almighty to every man, woman and child on the 

face of the Earth. (G.W.B 04.07.2007) 

epideiqturi ritorikis nimuSia Semdegi reprezentativi gadmocemuli 

performatiuli zmniT “believe”, rac aseve moicavs manipulirebis elementebs, 

rogoricaa magaliTad, msmenelis Seqeba, epiTetebiT Semkoba, misTvis 

gansakuTrebuli rolis miniWeba, da sxv.: 

(6) “Americans are generous and strong and decent, not because we believe in ourselves, 

but because we hold beliefs beyond ourselves. (G.W.B. 11.09.2001) 

zogjer prezidentTa Rrma rwmena gadmocemulia performativi 

“mjera, believe” gamoyenebis gareSe arapirdapiri (implicituri) aqtebiT. 

prezidenti zviad gamsaxurdia erT-erT gamosvlaSi acxadebs: 

(7) “Cven vdgavarT saqarTvelos istoriis gasayarze da axla qarTvel 

xalxs marTebs winaparTa Rirsi iyos. . . Cveni istoria, cxovrebis 

wesi, brZola sarwmunoebisaTvis, es aris mowameobrivi, 

qristesmieri gza sikeTisa, siqvelisa da siyvarulisa. istoria 

gvaZlevs SesaZleblobas, raTa davubrundeT mamapapiseul gzas, 

avaRorZinoT rwmeniT Tavisufali saqarTvelo. Ddgeba Jami, roca 

uklebliv yvelas sicicxle mamuls ekuTvnis. eri ueWvelad mzad 

aris gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis” (z.g. 07.06.1991). 

frazaSi “eri ueWvelad mzad aris gadamwyveti brZolisaTvis” 

prezidenti darwmunebulia sakuTar sisworeSi, frazaSi WeSmaritebis 

xarisxi kidev ufro gaZlierebulia prezidentis mier leqsikuri “zRudis “ 

(hedge) – “ueWvelad” gamoyenebis gziT. rogorc cnobilia, reprezentativebis 

tipis sametyvelo aqtebis ganxilva SesaZlebelia maTi WeSmaritebis 

xarisxis mixedviT. reprezentativebi gansxvavdeba mtkicebis gaZliereba/ 

gaRrmavebis kuTxiT. .e.w. leqsikuri zRudeebis gamoyenebiT SesaZlebelia 

mtkicebis Sesusteba/Serbileba an gaZliereba. zRude SeiZleba iyos 

leqsikuri, sintaqsuri an prosodiuli (intonaciuri). zemoT mocemul 

74

magaliTSi gamoyenebulia leqsikuri zRude gamonaTqvamis gaZlierebis 

mizniT. 

Semdegi magaliTi adasturebs im faqts, rom reprezentativebi 

prezidentTa diskursSi sxvadasxva saSualebebiT gadmoicema, am aqtisaTvis 

damaxasiaTebeli verbaluri qmedebis gamomxatveli zmnebiT, sxva aqtebis 

verbalur qmedebebSi Semavali zmnebiT, an saerTod performativebis gareSe, 

arapirapiri eqsplicituri gziT, sintaqsuri martivi da rTuli 

struqturebiT da sxv.: 

“When our founders boldly declared America's independence to the world and our 

purposes to the Almighty [1], they knew that America, to endure, would have to change [2]. Not 

change for change's sake, but change to preserve America's ideals; life, liberty, the pursuit of 

happiness [3]. … Our founders understood that well and gave us a democracy strong enough to 

endure for centuries, flexible enough to face our common challenges and advance our common 

dreams in each new day [4]. … Our founders taught us that the preservation of our liberty and our 

union depends upon responsible citizenship [5]. And we need a new sense of responsibility for a 

new century [6]. There is work to do [7]. . . As times change, so government must change...” [8] 

(B.C. 20.01.1993). zemoT mocemul magaliTSi prezidenti klintoni 

pativiscemiT ixseniebs mamamTavrebs, maT danatovars da amavdroulad xazs 

usvams cvlilebis gatarebis aucileblobas. bil klintonis ritorikiT, 

cvlilebis idea jer kidev damaarsebeli mamebis azrovnebaSi Canda. igi 

damaarsebeli mamebis damokidebulebisa da rwmenis gadmosacemad iyenebs 

zmnebis know, understand, pledge warsul formebs. aRniSnuli zmnebi Sedis 

reprezentativebis verbalur aqtebSi, magram amavdroulad reprezentativis 

tipis aqtebi magaliTis 1 da 5 sametyvelo aqtebSi gadmocemulia iseTi 

zmnebiT, romelic ar warmoadgens reprezentativis sametyvelo aqtis zmnas 

declare, teach. konstruqciiT “there is” (me-7 aqti) prezidenti miuTiTebs 

gasakeTebeli saqmis Sesaxeb. magaliTi sruldeba prezidentis direqtiviT 

(me-8 aqti) - vinaidan icvleba dro, unda Seicvalos mTavrobac, rac efuZneba 

win CamoTvlil reprezentativebs. (reprezentativebis da direqtivebis 

urTierTmimarTebas detalurad ganvixilav hibridul aqtebSi.) 

75

zogjer reprezentativebis tipis aqtebi gadmocemulia deskribciuli 

xasiaTis pasaJebiT, sadac ar gamoiyeneba uSualod reprezentaciis 

gamomxatveli performativebi, Tumca prezidentebi pasaJebSi aRweren 

arsebul realobas da msmenels uziareben maT rwmenas. 

2) reprezentativebi, gadmocemuli performatiuli zmnis gareSe 

a) konstruqciiT there is/are; 

ბ)kuTvnilebiTi zmniT –qona, yola/ have 

g) sintaqsurad martivi da/an rTuli SVO struqtuebiT 

vinaidan aRniSnuli formebi integrirebulad gamoiyeneba 

prezidentTa diskursSi, magaliTebs warmovadgen danawevrebis gareSe 

konteqstis SenarCunebis mizniT, radgan konteqstSi ukeT Cans aqtebis 

ilokuciuri mizani da maTi urTierTmimarTeba. 

Gamerikel prezidentTa diskursSi xSirad vxvdebiT egzistenciur 

winadadebebs, gamoxatuls konstruqciiT there is/are . magaliTad jorj buSi 

(ufrosi) erT-erT gamosvlaSi aRniSnavs, rom qveyanaSi bevria Sida 

problema: usaxlkaroba, umuSevroba, narkotikebi, danaSauli, Tineijerebis 

fexmZimoba, demoralizacia, politikuri danawevreba, biujetis ukmarisoba, 

romelTa CamoTvlas swored reprezentativebis gamoyenebiT axorcielebs. 

isini gadmocemulia konstruqciiT there is/are: 

(1) “(My friends, we have work to do [1].) There are the homeless, lost and roaming. There 

are the children who have nothing, no love, no normalcy [2]. There are those who cannot 

free themselves of enslavement to whatever addiction--drugs, welfare, the demoralization 

that rules the slums [3]. There is crime to be conquered, the rough crime of the streets [4]. 

There are young women to be helped who are about to become mothers of children they 

can't care for and might not love [5]. They need our care, our guidance, and our education, 

though we bless them for choosing life [6].. . And in any case, our funds are low [7]. We 

have a deficit to bring down [8]. We have more will than wallet [9]…” (G.H.B. 

20.01.1989) 

mocemuli magaliTi moicavs 9 sametyvelo aqts. pirveli sametyvelo 

aqti direqtivis tipis aris. mas mosdevs 8 sametyvelo aqti, gamoxatuli 

reprezentativiT, Tumca sxvadasxva saSualebebiT. (urTierT mimarTebas 

76

direqtivisa da reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtebs Soris detalurad 

ganvixilav hibridul sametyvelo aqtebSi.) egzistenciuri “There is/are” 

gamoyenebiT me-2, 3, 4, 5 sametyvelo aqtebSi prezidenti aRwers problemebs 

iseve, rogorc gadascems adresats misi rwmenis Sesaxeb, Tu ra warmoadgens 

qveynis umTavres problemebs da ratom unda mogvardes dauyovnebliv isini. 

magaliTis me-8 da 9 sametyvelo aqtebSi gvxvdeba ukve egzistencia, 

gamoxatuli kuTvnilebiTi zmniT– have. 

amdenad, reprezentativebi zogjer gadmoicema kuTvnilebiTi zmniT – 

qona, yola/ have. msgavs magaliTebs vxvdebiT qarTveli prezidentebis 

diskursSic. qveynaSi arsebul sirTuleebze saubrisas prezidenti 

SevardnaZe swored kuTvnilebiT zmnas “qona” iyenebs da Semdeg problemebs 

aRwers deskribciul pasaJSi: 

(2) “…imave dros gvaqvs seriozuli naklovanebebic, gadauWreli 

problemebi . . . ar aris aRdgenili saqarTvelos teritoriuli 

mTlianoba, rac mTeli qveynis, yvela moqalaqis da, ra Tqma unda, 

pirvel rigSi, prezidentis yvelaze didi tkivilia. ZiriTadad 

davZlieT ekonomikuri krizisi, magram ver aviyvaneT saarsebo 

minimumis doneze xelfasebi, pensiebi, stipendiebi, ltolvilTa da 

iZulebiT adgilnacval pirTa Semweobebi, didi problemebi gvaqvs 

xalxis keTildReobis amaRlebis sferoSi. dRemde dauZlevelia 

sabiujeto terori. ZiriTadad, davZlieT inflacia, hiperinflacia, 

CavatareT sabanko da safinanso reformebi, magram socialuri sfero 

kvlav rCeba umTavres sazrunavad”. (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

prezident obamas diskursSi egzistenciur konstruqciasTan erTad 

vxvdebiT SVO formuliT gamoxatul reprezentatiul aqtebs, maTi 

meSveobiT aseve qveyanaSi arsebuli problemebia aRwerili: 

(3) “Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are 

many. . . That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, 

against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a 

consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective 

failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; 

77

jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; 

and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our 

adversaries and threaten our planet”.(B.O.20.01.2009) 

magaliTis (3) pirvel aqtSi prezidenti asaxavs mis mier danaxul 

obieqtur realobas, rom gamowvevebi realuria. sainteresoa performativi 

say-is gamoyeneba, romelic imdenadaa datvirTuli ilokuciuri ZaliT, rom 

deklaraciasac ki utoldeba. konteqstSi I say to you- s implikacia aris 

Semdegi: me, rogorc qveynis prezidenti, romelic flobs yovelgvar 

obieqtur informacias qveynis mdgomareobis irgvliv, vambob/vacxadeb, rom 

gamowvevebi aris realuri, seriozuli da bevri. Pperformativi - say-iT 

gamoxatuli aqtis mizania adresatis darwmuneba, rom gaiziaron realobis 

aRqmis prezidentiseuli xedva. Semdeg sametyvelo aqtebSi prezidenti 

iyenebs winadadebebis SVO wyobas. 

prezident gamsaxurdias diskursi gamoirCeva kauzaluri mimarTebis 

gamomxatveli deskribciuli winadadebebis gamoyenebiT reprezentativebis 

gadmosacemad. prezidenti gamsaxurdia sainauguracio gamosvlaSi saubrobs 

politikur, religiur da ekonomikur problemebze. aRniSnuli sami 

mimarTulebidan mas swams, rom daiwyo arsebuli politikuri problemebis 

mogvareba saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis aqtiT. misi TqmiT, 

religiasTan dakavSirebul problemebze muSaoba aseve ukve daiwyo 

eklesiasTan mWidro TanamSromlobis gziT, xolo mesame mimarTulebas, 

saqarTvelos ekonomikur mdgomareobas “Rrmad krizisulad” afasebs. 

magaliTSi reprezentativebi sxvadasxva mimarTebis rTuli winadadebebiT 

aris gadmocemuli: 

(4) “sabWoTa saxelmwifos agebis ZiriTadma principebma- monopolizmma, 

Tavsmoxveulma ekonomikurma sistemam, qarTveli kacisTvis ucxo, 

aratradiciulma warmoebiTma urTierTobebma daviwyebas misca 

saukuneebiT gamomuSavebuli da mis eTnofsiqikaze dafuZnebuli 

sameurneo sistema. yovelive aman gamoiwvia ekonomikis moSla, 

meurneobis marTvis gauareseba, ekonomikuri mizanSewonilobisaTvis 

Ziris gamoTxra da sazogadoeba miiyvana zneobriv deformaciamde, 

78

saqarTvelos dRevandeli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba SeiZleba 

Sefasdes, rogorc Rrmad krizisuli”. (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

zemoT ganxiluli magaliTebidan Cans, rom reprezentativebis 

realizacia ar Semoifargleba mxolod am aqtisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

sametyvelo aqtis zmnebis, zemoT aRniSnuli egzistenciuri an kuTvnilebiTi 

stuqturebis da SVO tipis winadadebebis gamoyenebiT. prezidentTa ideebi, 

mrwamsi da rwmena sxvadasxva gramatikuli formebiTa da zmnis 

kategoriebiT vlindeba, rodesac isini saubroben yvela prezidentisaTvis 

saerTo Temebis irgvliv, rogoricaa magaliTad, qveynis warsulis, istoriis 

saxelovani furclebis da didi winaprebis gaxseneba da warsulis 

dakavSireba mimdinare etapis amocanebis gadawyvetasTan, cvlilebis 

ganxorcielebis mniSvnelobis xazgasma. CamoTvlili Temebis gaSla 

qronologiur narativSi swored reprezentativebis meSveobiT xorcieldeba. 

magaliTad, rodesac prezidenti buSi (ufrosi) eris warsulis 

Sesaxeb saubrobs, reprezentativebis gamoyenebiT igi qronologiurad 

saubrobs eris adreul warsulze, rodesac moxda amerikis demokratiuli 

tradiciebis inicireba pirveli prezidentis mier ficis dadebisas; Semdeg 

igi ixsenebs, Sualeduri warsulis ideals, dros rodesac saerTo miznebma 

da motivebma waaxalisa eri gadaelaxa sazogadobaSi arsebuli gansxvavebebi 

da danawevreba; da bolos igi ixsenebs vietnamis oms da misgan gamomdinare 

Sedegebs, rogoricaa undobloba da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. am istoriul 

perspeqtivaSi zedsarTavi saxeli “Zveli” iZens ormag Rirebulebas, erTi 

mxriv, is, rac aris Zveli, unda moxdes misi Canacvleba, Zvelma ideebma da 

Zvelma gzam amowura dro, da axalma siom gadayara isini Zveli usicocxlo 

xis foTlebis msgavsad ““the old ideas, the old way” are “ blown away “ by the “new 

breeze “, ” like leaves from an ancient lifeless tree “”. xolo meore mxriv, Zveli ideebi 

kvlav axalia, vinaidan uryevi da maradiulia “The old ideas are new again because 

they are not old, they‟re timeless”. miuxedavad aRniSnuli dualizmisa, prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi xSirad xdeba Zvelis da axlis dapirispireba da cvlilebebis 

gatarebis aucileblobis xazgasma, ris gadmosacemadac prezidenti buSi 

iyenebs gavrcobil metaforas “the new breeze, which sweeps away the old leaves, which 

79

turns the page, which causes the kite of freedom to rise, and which dispels the fog of the future”. 

prezidenti buSi umcrosi mis pirvel sainauguracio gamosvlaSi aRniSnavs, 

rom grZeldeba amerikis istoria, igi upirispirebs Zvelsa da axals, 

auditoriisaTvis amerikis istoriis gadacemisas reprezentativebis aqtebis 

gamoyenebiT, sadac zemoT ganxiluli kuTvnilebiTi have aris gamoyenebuli, 

igi xazs usvams axal samyaros, romelic Zvelis megobari da 

ganmaTavisuflebelia: 

(5) “We have a place, all of us, in a long story--a story we continue, but whose end we will 

not see. It is the story of a new world that became a friend and liberator of the old, a 

story of a slave-holding society that became a servant of freedom, the story of a power that 

went into the world to protect but not possess, to defend but not to conquer. It is the 

American story--a story of flawed and fallible people, united across the generations by 

grand and enduring ideals”.(G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

winaprebis da amerikis istoriis gaxseneba obamas sainauguracio 

gamosvlis aseve mniSvnelovani nawilia: 

(6) “Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure 

the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. 

Those ideals still light the world”. (B.O.20.01.2009) 

Prezidenti obamac upirispirebs gamosvlaSi Zvelsa da axals da 

aRniSnavs, rom sirTuleebi da sirTuleebTan brZolis xerxebi SeiZleba 

iyos axali, magram Zvelia winaprebisagan miRebuli Rirebulebebi: “Our 

challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values 

upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and 

curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true.” (B.O.20.01.2009) 

misTvis is, rac Zvelia, WeSmaritia. 

prezident gamsaxurdias sjera, rom misi prezidentobis periodSi 

saqrTvelo Zalze mniSvnelovani istoriis gzagasayarze imyofeba, rac 

reprezentativebiT aris gadmocemuli: 

(7) “Cven vdgavarT saqarTvelos istoriis gzagasayarze, sadac qarTveli 

kidev erTxel ambobs uars amqveyniur, fizikur keTildReobaze, 

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sulieri erovnuli aRorZinebis saxeliT. aRorZineba ki ganaxlebisa 

da sakuTari WeSmariti meobisaken dabrunebas niSnavs” (z.g. 07.06.1991). 

igi aRniSnavs aRorZinebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb da saubrobs 

“umniSvnelovanesi cvlilebebis Sesaxeb, rac xelisuflebam gaatara: 

”erovnulma xelisuflebam gatarebuli umniSvnelovanesi cvlilebebis 

Sedegad saprezidento respublikis saxiT daamkvidra demokratiuli 

politikuri sistema” (z.g. 07.06.1991). 

prezidenti saakaSvili erT-erT gamosvlaSi antiTezis meSveobiT 

upirispirebs reprezentativisa da direqtivis tipis aqtebs, riTac xazs 

usvams axlo warsulis gamocdilebas da axal realobas: 

(8) ”aqamde xalxi usmenda mTavrobas. dadga dro, mTavrobam Zalian 

yuradRebiT mousminos xalxs. Aaqamde mTavroba icavda Tavs 

xalxisagan. Ddadga dro, roca mTavrobam unda daicvas sakuTari 

xalxi... aqamde xalxi isjeboda mTavrobis uniaTobiT .... dgeba 

momenti, rodesac xalxi dasjis mTavrobas gamoCenili 

uniaTobisaTvis da samSoblos siyvarulis arqonisaTvis”. (m.s. 25.01. 

2004) 

prezidenti SevardnaZe ki 2000 wlis sainauguracio gamosvlaSi 

aRniSnavs “icvleba ra cxovreba, unda icvlebodes TviT prezidentic, 

muSaobis miseuli stili, meTodebi da praqtika”. igi fiqrobs, rom 

mniSvnelovania Tavad prezidentis Secvla. sainauguracio gamosvlis bolo 

nawilSi igi sakuTari Tavis Secvlis Sesaxeb saubrobs: 

(9) “saqarTvelos dRevandeli prezidenti ver iqneba iseTi, rogoric is 

iyo 1992 an 1995, Tunda 2000 wlis dasawyisSi, aRar vlaparakob 

sabWoTa wlebze. azrovnebis masStabebiT, novatorobiT, 

SemoqmedebiTi potencialiT igi Tanamedrove msoflio civilizaciis 

moTxovnebs unda pasuxobdes, mudmivad win da win iltvodes mxolod. 

. . Cven ara Zveli, aramed axali SevardnaZe, axali prezidenti 

gvvWirdeba, axleburad moazrovne, ufro mtkice, ufro mkacri, ufro 

samarTliani, romelic mesame aTaswleulis pirvel xuT weliwadSive 

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Cauyris safuZvels Cveni qveynis gamTlianebas, gaZlierebas, saxalxo 

keTildReobas”. 

bedis ironiis wyalobiT, ki saqarTvelos sul male saTaveSi Caudga 

swored mis mier aRwerili kriteriumebis mqone prezidenti mixeil 

saakaSvilis saxiT. 

amdenad, reprezentativebs prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoyenebis 

sixSiriT sakmaod didi adgili ukavia. sxvadasxva performatiuli zmniT 

(pirdapiri saxiT, eqspliciturad) zogjer ki performatiuli zmnis gareSe 

(arapirdapir, impliciturad) aris gadmocemuli. zogjer reprezentativebis 

tipis aqtebi gadmocemulia deskribciuli xasiaTisa da kauzaluri 

mimarTebis mqone sintaqsurad martiv da/an rTul pasaJebsa da 

qronologiur narativSi. 

K 

2.2. komisivebi 

reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis Semdeg komisivebi 

yvelaze xSirad aris realizebuli saprezidento gamosvlebSi. komisivebs 

didi sixSiriT vxvdebiT, rogorc qarTvel (22%), aseve amerikel (18%) 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebiT 

ZiriTadad xdeba mosaubris mier valdebulebis aReba raRacis Sesrulebaze 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba rogorc 1) pirdapiri/eqsplicituri, aseve 

2) arapirdapiri/implicituri komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi. 

1. pirdapiri (eqsplicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi 

a) komisivebi gamoxatuli performativiT “pirobis micema/ficis 

dadeba”, „Pledge‟ 

me/Cven + zmna ( pirobis micema/ficis dadeba) 

I /WE + Verb (Pledge) 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi performativi “pledge” gamoyenebulia 

piris deiqsTan kombinaciaSi. zogjer prezidentebi iZlevian pirobas raimis 

Sesrulebaze pirveli piris mxolobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxeli “me/I”-s 

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gamoyenebiT, rac ganpirobebulia maT mier pirobis Sesrulebaze 

pasuxismgeblobis aRebiT sakuTar Tavze. 

(1) “es aris amocanebi, romelTa gadasaWrelad me dRes Cemi ukanaskneli 

saprezidento vadis fici davde Cemi xalxisa da samSoblos winaSe”. 

(m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(2) “Tqven aq, miwaze da maRla ufals piroba mogeciT, rom am xuTi 

wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelafers gavakeTeb imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo 

gaerTiandes da gamTliandes”. (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

(3) “And I pledge our nation to a goal”. (G.W.B 20.01.2001) 

(4) “(To that effort) I pledge all my strength and every power of my office. I ask the members 

of Congress here to join in that pledge.” (B.C.20.01.1997) 

zogjer performativi “pledge” mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxelTan “Cven/we” erTad gamoiyeneba. rogorc ukve aRvniSne, 

“Cven/we” SeiZleba iyos inkluziuri an eqskluziuri. komisivebSi vxvdebiT 

eqskluziuri “Cven/we” gamoyenebas. eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebiT 

prezidentebi micemuli pirobis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar 

TavTan erTad mTavrobis wevrebzec anawileben: 

(5) “Cven pirobas gaZlevT, rom gza da gazi yvela sofels eqneba.” (m.s. 

03.05.2008) 

(6) “Cven vdebT pirobas, rom socialuri dacvis proeqti male 

amoqmeddeba”. (m.s. 05.11. 2005) 

(7) “We pledge an end to the era of deadlock and drift; a new season of American renewal has 

begun.” (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

(8) “(To the people of poor nations) we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms 

flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.” 

(B.O. 20.01.2009) 

b) komisivi gadmocemuli performativiT – vTavazob/ gTavazobT; offer 

me/Cven + zmna (gTavazob(T)) 

I/WE +VERB (offer) 

83

performativi “vTavazob” (“v”- pirveli subieqturi piris niSania, 

“Tavazob” zmnis fuZea) gvxvdeba pirveli piris mxolobiTi ricxvis 

nacvalsaxelTan “me” kombinaciaSi, xolo “gTavazobT” (sadac “g”- meore 

obieqturi piris niSania, “Tavazob” zmnis fuZea, “T”- pluralobis 

gamomxatveli niSani) gamoiyeneba pirveli piris mxolobiTi da/an 

mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelebTan kombinaciaSi. aRniSnuli tipis 

komisivebiT adresati iZleva SeTavazebas raime qmedebis Sesasruleblad: 

(1) “me aseve vTavazobdi da vTavazob ruseTis federacias, iyos samxreT 

oseTis avtonomiis garanti saqarTvelos teritoriaze”. (m.s. 

07.08.2008) 

(2) “yvelas gTavazobT da giwvdiT megobrobis da partniorobis xels 

miuxedavad imisa, Tu ra gaqvT gakeTebuli warsulSi qarTuli 

saxelmwifos an adgilobrivi macxovreblebis winaaRmdeg.” (m.s. 

07.08.2008) 

inglisurenovan masalaSic gvxvdeba performatiuli zmniT “offer” 

gamoxatuli komisivebi: 

(1) “I offer my condolences and assistance … “(G.W.B. 13. 09.2001) 

(2) “To the world, too, we offer new engagement and a renewed vow.”(G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

2. arapirdapiri (implicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo atebi 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, komisivebis tipis sametyvelo aqti moicavs 

muqaris gamomxatvel verbalur aqts. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar vxvdebiT 

uSualod muqaris gamomxatveli performativis gamoyenebas. empiriuli 

masalis kvlevam cxadyo, rom rac ar unda mwvave iyos prezidentTa 

mimarTvebi, isini eridebian muqaris gamomxatveli pirdapiri sametyvelo 

aqtebis gamoyenebas da amjobineben, rom muqara gamoxaton SefarviT, 

arapirdapir/impliciturad. qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi, miuxedavad imisa, 

rom sityva muqara pirdapir ar aris gamoyenebuli SetyobinebaSi, sruli 

frazis idea muqaras warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, magaliTebi warmoadgens 

AaRniSnuli tipis komisivis nimuSs. arapirdapiri sametyvelo aqtis 

SemTxvevaSi is, rasac molaparake faqtobrivad gulisxmobs arapirdapiri 

84

sametyvelo aqtiT, gansxvavdeba imisagan, rasac is sityvasityviTi 

mniSvnelobiT ambobs, anu darRveulia sityvasityviTi mniSvneloba da ara 

intenciuri mniSvneloba. 

(1) “yaCaRebs da banditebs bolomde amovZirkvavT.”M(m.s. 02.05.2008) 

prezident saakaSvilis muqara banditebis mimarT metaforulad aris 

gadmocemuli. performativis “amovZirkvavT” gamoyenebiT igi banditebs da 

yaCaRebs sarevela, zedmet organizmad warmoadgens, romelic saWiroebs 

amoZirkvas, raTa sazogadoeba gaiwmindos maTgan da uwesobisagan. igi imave 

performativs iyenebs korufciuli sistemis dangrevis Sesaxeb saubrisas me- 

2 magaliTSi. 

(2) “Cven amovZirkvavT korufcias da SevcvliT sistemas, romelmac 

korufciis mankieri wre warmoqmna.” (m.s. 25.01.2004) 

Semdeg magaliTebSic muqara impliciturad aris gadmocemuli: 

(3) “minda Tqveni saxeliT vuTxra mTels msoflios, rusuli imperia 

ara mxolod ver gaimarjvebs saqarTveloSi, aramed rusuli 

imperiuli idea saqarTveloSi erTxel da samudamod 

dasamardeba. imperia veRar aRdgeba – amas saqarTvelo win 

aRudgeba.” (m.s. 01.09. 2008 ) 

(4) “Cven mxolod maTi mtrebi viqnebiT, vinc Cvens sazRvrebze 

gadmova, qalaqebs dagvibombavs, fexqveS gaTelavs Cvens 

Rirsebas da Tavisuflebis principebs. Cven mxolod am xalxs 

davupirispirdebiT da gavuZaliandebiT.” (m.s. 01.09. 2008 ) 

Semdeg magaliTSi (5) muqara impliciturad da metaforulad aris 

gamoxatuli, rom daxmarebis gawvdili xeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Zlier 

da efeqtur muStad SeiZleba iqces: 

(5) The "offered hand" is a reluctant fist; but once made, strong, and can be used with 

great effect. (G.W.H.B 20.01.1989) 

me-6 magaliTSi prezidenti obama mimarTavs liderebs msoflio 

masStabiT, romlebic cdiloben daTeson konfliqti maTi sazogadoebis 

ukeTurobis gadabralebis gziT dasavleTze. igi acxadebs, rom amisaTvis 

85

isini sakuTari sazogadoebis mier gasamarTldebian. gamonaTqvamis 

implikacia namdvilad aris muqara misi mxidan, Tumca ara gacxadebuli, 

aramed faruli: 

(6) To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills 

on the West - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what 

you destroy. (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

me-7 magaliTSi prezidenti obama ufro Riad gamoxatavs muqaras im 

adamianebis mimarT, romelnic terors aRviveben da udanaSaulo xalxs 

xocaven. Pprezidenti aRniSnavs, rom amerikis suli, romelic maTze ufro 

mtkice da gautexelia, daamarcxebs maT: 

(7) We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for 

those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we 

say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, 

and we will defeat you. (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, xSirad komisivebi prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

impliciturad aris gadmocemuli. magaliTad iseve, rogorc muqaris 

dapirebis gamomxatveli komisivi SesaZlebelia ar iyos gadmocemuli zmniT 

”gpirdebiT,” aramed sxvadasxva zmnebis meSveobiT, romelTac sxvadasxva 

denotaciuri mniSvneloba gaaCniaT, Tumca konteqstSi garkveulwilad 

dapirebis mniSvnelobas iZenen, rasac garkveulwilad ganapirobebs aseve 

momavali drois gamomxatveli gramatikuli formebi. prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi xazgasma performativze “gpirdebiT” Zalian iSviTia, mxolod 

Zalze emociur gamosvlebSi xdeba uSualod aRniSnuli performativis 

gamoyeneba, rogoradac gvevlineba Semdegi magaliTi, sadac rwmeniT 

gajerebuli dapirebaa gadmocemuli: “mTeli mTavrobis da sakuTari 

saxeliT gpirdebiT, rom saqarTvelo gadalaxavs am rTul ekonomikur 

periods da aucileblad davubrundebiT ekonomikuri zrdis, keTildReobis 

zrdis Zvel maCvenebels” (m.s. 01.01.2009) 

vinaidan komisivebi ZiriTadad aris dapireba momavalSi garkveuli 

qmedebebis gatarebisa, logikuria, rom, rogorc amerikel, aseve qarTvel 

86

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis gamosaxatavad 

gamoiyeneba momavali drois formebi. 

qvemoT mocemulia magaliTebi prezidentTa sxvadasxva Janris 

gamosvlebidan, sadac ar gamoiyeneba uSulod performativi “promise/ 

gpirdebi(T)”, Tumca aSkaraa, rom prezidentebi msmenels uSualod dapirebas 

aZleven garkveuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis Taobaze. 

kvlevis Sedegad prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi dapirebis 

gamomxatveli Semdegi tipis komisivebi: 

I ) Cven + zmna (momaval formaSi) 

We +WILL+VERB 

qarTvel da amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi dapirebebis 

gamoxatvisas mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs piris deiqsisi. mravlobiTi 

ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli “Cven” gamoiyeneba, rogorc 

inkluziurad, aseve eqskluziurad da garkveul konceptualur cvlilebas 

sZens gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobas. 

a) inkluziuri “Cven”/ Inclusive “WE” 

inkluziuri “Cven”-is gamoyenebiT qarTveli prezidentebi danapirebis 

Sesrulebis pasuxismgeblobasa da movaleobas anawileben erTdroulad 

xelisuflebasa da xalxze, raTa orivem erTad ganaxorcielos garkveuli 

qmedebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad saqarTvelos Seneba siRaribis gareSe, 

usafrTxoebis ganmtkiceba, cvlilebebis gatareba da sxv. 

(1) “Cven avaSenebT saqarTvelos siRaribis GgareSe.” M(ms 20.01.2008) 

(2) “Cven gavagrZelebT Cveni usafrTxoebisa da erTianobis 

ganmtkicebas…... Cven SevZlebT erTad gaviaroT am cvlilebis 

gzaze.” (ms 20.01.2008) 

(3) “erT dReSi araferi ar mova, mxolod prezidenti verafers ver 

gaakeTebs, magram xalxi, Cven yvela erTad, xeldakapiwebulni 

SevZlebT, rom saqarTvelo davayenoT fexze. Tu vimuSavebT dRe 

da Rame, marTlac mivaRwevT Zalian seriozul warmatebas.” (m.s. 

25.01.2004) 

87

(4) “Cven gavagrZelebT Cvens mSvidobian brZolas Cvens qalaqebSi, 

soflebSi, quCebSi. davdgebiT erTad da vityviT- Zaladoba da 

imperializmi ver gaimarjvebs!” (m.s. 01.09.2008) 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi amerikel prezidentTa mier pirveli 

piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis inkluziuri (inclusive) “Cven”/“we” 

gamoyeneba emsaxureba im intencias, rom gaizardos erTobis suliskveTeba 

TiToeul msmenelSi, aRiZras maTSi eris erTobis gancda, raTa gaizardos 

msmenelSi survili, Tavad gaxdes am danapirebis Sesrulebis Tanamonawile. 

Mme-5 magaliTSi prezidenti buSi (ufrosi) amerikel xalxs hpirdeba, 

rom arCevanis gakeTeba erToblivad moxdeba da rom mSvidobas yvela erTad 

daicavs: 

(5) “We will make the hard choices. . . And then we will do the wisest thing of all: We 

will turn to the only resource we have that in times of need always grows--the 

goodness and the courage of the American people.. . We will stay strong to protect 

the peace … We will act .. “ (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

prezidenti klintoni ki me-6 magaliTSi pirobas debs, rom yvela 

erTad ganaxorcielebs amerikis danapirebs 21-e saukuneSi 

(6) “We will sustain America's journey .. . we will redeem the promise of America in the 

21st century …We will overcome them. And we will replace them with the generous 

spirit of a people who feel at home with one another.” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

prezidenti buSi (umcrosi) qvemoT mocemul magaliTSi debs pirobas, 

rom yvela erTad aaSenebs damcav zRudes gamowvevebis dasaZlevad, rac 

vrceli konteqstidan kidev ukeT Cans: 

(7) “Together, we will reclaim America's schools, before ignorance and apathy claim 

more young lives. … We will build our defenses beyond challenge...” (G.W.B. 

20.01.2005) 

erTobis suliskveTebis gamosaRviZeblad da gasamtkiceblad barak 

obama iZleva danapirebs xalxTan erTad garkveuli qmedebebis Sesrulebis 

Taobaze, qmedebebis, rogoricaa, magaliTad, erToblivad gzebisa da xidebis 

mSenebloba, mecnierebis aRdgena, mzis, qaris da niadagis resursis 

gamoyeneba, skolebis da universitetebis gardaqmna da sxva: 

88

(8) “We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our 

commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield 

technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness 

the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will 

transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. 

All this we can do. And all this we will do”. (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

b) eqskluziuri “Cveni”/ Exclusive “WE” 

mosaubris mier eqskluziuri “Cveni”-is gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi xalxi 

(msmeneli) ar aris qmedebis Tanamonawile, am dros danapirebis Sesrulebaze 

pasuxismgeblobas iRebs prezidenti, mTavrobis xelSewyobis imediT. 

(1) “Cven maqsimalurad vecdebiT Tanabari sastarto pirobebi 

SevuqmnaT yvelas. .” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(2) “Cven ufro mtkice nabijiT gavagrZelebT svlas natosken da 

evrokavSirisken.” (ms 20.01.2008) 

(3) “Cven gavakeTebT yvelafers, rom es procesi warmatebiT 

dasruldes.” (ms 20.01.2008) 

(4) “Cven gavaformebT ormxriv xelSekrulebas saqarTvelosa da 

amerikis SeerTebul Statebs Soris strategiuli mokavSireobis 

Sesaxeb.” (ms 01.01.2009) 

(5) “Cven gavagrZelebT Zveli konfliqtis Sedegad darCenili 

devnilebis axali sacxovrisiT uzrunvelyofis programas." (ms 

01.01.2009) 

qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi dapirebebi, rasac amerikeli 

prezidentebi aZleven msmenels, gajerebulia aseve maTi Rrma rwmeniT, rom 

isini qveynis mTavrobasTan erTad SeZleben micemuli danapirebis 

Sesrulebas. AaRniSnuli intenciis gadmosacemad prezidentebi mimarTaven 

aseve eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis “we/Cven” gamoyenebas, riTac prezidentebi 

dapirebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar TavTan erTad 

mTavrobasac akisreben, Tumca ara msmenels: 

89

prezidenti obama eqskluziuri nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebiT 

pasuxismgeblobas danapirebis Sesaxeb, rasac igi xalxs aZlevs, iRebs 

sakuTar Tavze da mTavrobaze. Digi hpirdeba mosaxleobas, rom moxdeba 

erayidan jarebis gayvana, xolo qveynis Sida problemebis mosagvareblad 

iZleva dapirebas, rom moxdeba socialuri usafrTxoebis da samedicino 

sferos reformireba iseve, rogorc gadasaxadebis Semcireba: 

(6) “We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people and forge a hard-earned peace in 

Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the 

nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.” (B.O. 20.01.2009) 

(7) “We will reform Social Security and Medicare, sparing our children from struggles we 

have the power to prevent. And we will reduce taxes, to recover the momentum of our 

economy and reward the effort and enterprise of working Americans.” (B.O. 

20.01.2009) 

prezident buSi ufrosis gancxadebis implikacia me-8 magaliTSi 

Semdegia: prezidenti, TeTri saxli da mTavrobis kabinetis saagentoebi 

erToblivad imuSaveben danapirebis Sesrulebaze: 

(8) “We will work hand in hand, encouraging, sometimes leading, sometimes being led, 

rewarding. We will work on this in the White House, in the Cabinet agencies. We will 

stay strong to protect the peace.. . We will always try to speak clearly. . . we will 

continue the new closeness with the Soviet Union… “ (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

II) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + zmna (momaval uaryofiT formaSi) 

WE+WILL+ NOT+VERB 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba dapirebis gamomxatveli frazebi 

uaryofiT formaSi anu dapireba, rom raRac ar moxdeba, ar ganxorcieldeba. 

komisivebis aRniSnul qvetipSi mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE” gamoiyeneba ZiriTadad inkluziuri mniSvnelobiT: 

inkluziuri “Cveni”/ / Inclusive “WE” 

(1) “Cven ar SevSindebiT da gavagrZelebT brZolas korufciis 

winaaRmdeg.” (m.s. 03.05.2008) 

90

(2) “Cven ar gadavuxvevT ganviTarebis SerCeul kurss, ar daviviwyebT 

TqvenTvis mocemul pirobas. . . Cven ar SevaCerebT Senebas” (m.s. 

01.01.2009) 

(3) “Cven arasodes ar dagviTmia da arc davTmobT Tavisuflebas.” (m.s. 

12.08.2008) 

(4) “Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake.” 

(B.O.20.01.2009) 

(5) “We will not allow it . . . We will not shrink from the challenges, nor fail to seize the 

opportunities, of this new world.” (G.W.B. 2005) 

(6) “Together with our friends and allies, we will work to shape change, lest it engulf 

us.”(B.C. 20.01.1993) 

(7) “We will not, succumb to the dark impulses that lurk in the far regions of the soul 

everywhere. .” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

III) me + zmna (momaval formaSi) 

I +WILL +VERB 

mxolobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis “me” gamoyenebiT 

xdeba prezidentebis mier dapirebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobis mxolod 

sakuTar Tavze aReba. prezidentebi qvemoT mocemul magaliTebSi moqmedebiT 

gvars mimarTaven, riTac aCveneben, rom pasuxismgeblobas iReben, rogorc 

subieqturi pirebi, imoqmedon obieqtze. prezidentebi iZlevian iseTi saxis 

dapirebebs, romelTa Sesruleba maT xelewifebaT, an gaaCniaT neba, unari, 

Zala, Zalaufleba: 

(1)“me piradad, rogorc prezidenti da rogorc moqalaqe zedmiwevniT 

davicav konstitucias.” E(e.S. 26.11.1995) 

(2) “me Tqvens winaSe gavakeTeb angariSs Cemi saprezidento programis 

mimdinareobis Sesaxeb.” (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(3) “me gavakeTeb yvelafers, rom Semdeg prezidents davutovo 

gaerTianebuli saqarTvelo.” (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(4) “me pasuxismgeblobas viReb mis Sesrulebaze.” (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

91

qvemoT mocemuli gancxadebebiT prezidentebi iReben valdebulebas 

garkveul qmedebebze, rogoricaa magaliTad, rom imuSaveben samarTliani 

eris Camoyalibebaze, istoriuli Rirebulebebis dafasebaze da sxv.: 

(5) “I will live and lead by these principles: to advance my convictions with civility, to 

pursue the public interest with courage, to speak for greater justice and compassion, 

to call for responsibility and try to live it as well.“ (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

(6) “I will go to the people and the programs that are the brighter points of light, and I 

will ask every member of my government to become involved.” (G.W.H.B. 

20.01.1989) 

(7) “I will work to build a single nation of justice and opportunity. . . I will strive in good 

faith to heal them.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2001) 

(8) “In all these ways, I will bring the values of our history to the care of our times.” 

(G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

IV) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval dadebiT formaSi) 

NOUN+WILL+VERB 

masalis kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi agreTve aRniSnuli qvetipi, rasac 

komisivebis qvetipad ganvixilav, Tumca ase martivad aRniSnuli tipis 

mikuTvneba komisivebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebisaTvis ar aris swori da 

saWiroebs Semdgom ganmartebebs. unda aRvniSno, rom prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi moqmedebiT da vnebiT gvarTan erTad inglisur da 

qarTulenovan gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba saSuali gvari, rac gamiznulia 

moqmedi pirebis impersonifikaciaze moqmedebis Semsrulebeli agensebis ar 

miTiTebis gziT. komisivebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis am qvetipis 

qarTulenovan magaliTebSi, romlebic qvemoT aris mocemuli, ar Cans, Tu 

vin aris dapirebulis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

(1) “axali konstitucia amoqmeddeba megobrebo!” (e.S. 26.11.1995) 

(2) “korufciis winaaRmdeg brZola gaZlierdeba specialuri 

saprezidento progrmis safuZvelze”. (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

zemoT mocemul magaliTebSi ucnobia vin aamoqmedebs konstitucias 

an vin gaaZlierebs brZolas korufciis winaaRmdeg. magaliTebSi ar Cans 

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saerTod Semsrulebeli subieqti. Semdeg magaliTebSic identur sirTules 

vawydebiT, romlis gadaWraSi ufro vrceli konteqstic ar gvexmareba. 

(3) “afxazeTi iqneba saqarTveloSi federaciis erT-erTi subieqti, 

farTo politikuri statusiT. afxazeTis respublikas eyoleba 

Tavisi parlamenti, umaRlesi sasamarTlo, eqneba Tavisi himni, 

gerbi, sxva saxelmwifoebrivi atributebi . (e.S. 26.11.1995) 

(4) “saSualo ganaTleba ufaso iqneba yvelgan - mTaSic da barSic.” 

(e.S. 30.04.2000) 

(5) “yvela moqalaqe iqneba Tanaswori kanonis winaSe, sadac yvela 

moqalaqes eqneba Tanabari SesaZlebloba, miaRwios warmatebas da 

moaxdinos Tavis saSualebaTa realizacia.“M(m.s. 20.01.2004) 

ganvixiloT inglisuri magaliTebi: 

(6) “. . .education will be every citizen's most prized possession. Our schools will have the 

highest standards in the world, igniting the spark of possibility in the eyes of every girl 

and every boy. And the doors of higher education will be open to all. The knowledge 

and power of the Information Age will be within reach not just of the few, but of every 

classroom, every library, every child. Parents and children will have time not only to 

work, but to read and play together. And the plans they make at their kitchen table will 

be those of a better home, a better job, the certain chance to go to college … Our 

streets will echo again with the laughter of our children, because no one will try to 

shoot them or sell them drugs anymore. Everyone who can work, will work, with 

today's permanent under class part of tomorrow's growing middle class. “ (B.C. 

20.01.1997) 

ra Tqma unda, zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi mocemuli CamonaTvali ar 

Sesruldeba TavisiT, umaRlesi ganaTlebis kari TavisiT ar gaiReba 

xalxisTvis, codna da informaciis xanis siZliere ar gaxdeba TavisTavad 

xelmisawvdomi xalxisaTvis, skolebi TavisiT ver miaRwevs umaRles 

standarts, yovelive amas sWirdeba Zalisxmeva, Zalisxmeva, erTi mxriv, 

xalxis mxridan da, meore mxriv xelisuflebis mxridan. NsaSuali gvaris 

SerCeviT prezidenti bil klintoni nawilobriv, rogorc qveynis 

prezidenti, hpirdeba xalxs yovelive amis miRwevas misi prezidentobis 

93

periodSi, magram amavdoulad pirovnulad pasuxismgebeli ar xdeba (anu 

arapirdapiri gziT debs pirobas) da swored amitom irCevs saSual gvars 

danapirebis gamosaxatavad, Tumca konteqstidan naTelia, rom aRniSnuli 

gamonaTqvamebi dapirebas gamoxatavs, dapirebas, sadac ar Cans, Tu vin aris 

Semsrulebeli. Tumca, msgavsi miukerZoebeli dapirebebi xSirad hibriduli 

tipisaa da erTdroulad moicavs rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve saSual da 

vnebiT gvars. ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTi, romelSic prezidenti 

klintoni debs pirobas, rom xelisuflebasTan erTad dadgeba 

Tavisuflebis da mSvidobis dasacavad da gaagrZelebs Zlier dacvas 

teroris winaaRmdeg. 

(7) “We will stand mighty for peace and freedom, and maintain a strong defense against 

terror and destruction. [1] Our children will sleep free from the threat of nuclear, 

chemical or biological weapons. [2] Ports and airports, farms and factories will thrive 

with trade and innovation and ideas. [3] And the world's greatest democracy will lead a 

whole world to democracy. [4]” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

prezidenti bil klintoni aseve iZleva pirobas, rom bavSvebi 

gaTavisufldebian birTvuli saSiSroebisagan, qimiuri an biologiuri 

iaraRisagan. me-3 sametyvelo aqtSi ki igi ukve saSual gvars irCevs da 

acxadebs, rom portebi da aeroportebi, fermebi da qarxnebi ganagrZoben 

warmatebul vaWrobasa da inovaciuri ideebis ganxorcielebas da rom 

uZlieresi demokratia mTel samyaros waruZRveba demokratiisaken, ris 

pasuxismgeblobasac igi arc sakuTar Tavze iRebs da arc mis mTavrobas an 

qveynis mosaxleobas akisrebs, am SemTxvevaSi Znelia gaarkvio, Tu vin aris 

pasuxismgebeli dapirebis Sesrulebaze. Aamavdroulad sainteresod aris 

gamoyenebuli rwmeniT gajerebuli winaswarmetyveluri frazebi pirvel 

sametyvelo aqtSi, romlebic mTel winadadebas mtkicebis saxes sZens. msgavs 

magaliTebSi rTulia prezidentTa realuri intenciis dadgena, Tu ra 

funqciiT xdeba, razea gamiznuli msgavsi formebis gamoyeneba da ra saxis 

perlokuciuri efeqtis miRweva surs prezidents msmenelze. 

aRniSnuli tipis komisivis sametyvelo aqtebi zogjer gamyarebulia 

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stilisturi xerxebiT, rogoricaa personifikacia da metafora: 

personifikacia (ganpirovneba) 

(1) “programa saqarTvelo siRaribis gareSe dauyovnebliv daiwyebs 

ganxorcielebas da zustad 50 dReSi gveqneba konkretuli 

Sedegebi.” (m.s. 25.01.2008) 

(2) “Liberty will come to those who love it.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

magaliTebSi programas da Tavisuflebas eZleva cocxali 

adamianisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli moqmedebebis Sesrulebis unari anu xdeba 

usulo obieqtebis ganpirovneba. 

metafora 

(3) “saqarTvelo arasodes aRar daiCoqebs, welSi gaimarTeba da 

Seqmnis Zalian lamaz, warmatebul, erTian qveyanas da saqarTvelo 

da misi mravaleTnikuri eri aucileblad gaimarjvebs danarCen 

civilizebul samyarosTan - evropasTan erTad.” (m.s. 01.09.2008) 

marTalia, prezidenti saakaSvili gacveTil metaforebs iyenebs 

danapirebis gadmosacemad, magram metaforebi: “saqarTvelo ar daiCoqebs” da 

“welSi gaimarTeba”, winadadebas met gamomxatvelobas da eqspresiulobas 

sZens. 

Semdeg magaliTSi prezidenti buSi metaforulad saubrobs 

Tavisuflebis cecxlis Sesaxeb, rom igi miaRwevs da gaanaTlebs msoflios 

yvelaze bnel kunWulebs Tavisuflebis mokaSkaSe naTeliT, rac imas 

niSnavs, rom im qveynebSi, msoflio maStabiT, sadac jer kidev sufevs 

anarqizmi da totalitarizmi, damyardeba demokratia da Tavisufleba: 

(4) “(And one day this untamed) fire of freedom will reach the darkest corners of our 

world.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

qarTveli prezidentebis gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT zmna/Semasmeneli 

(momaval formaSi) + arsebiTi saxeli/ qvemdebare formuliT gadmocemul 

miukerZoebeli stilis frazebsa da winadadebebs (inglisurenovan masalaSi 

msgavsi formuliT gamoxatuli frazebi ar gvxvdeba), sadac ar Cans piri, 

vinc danapirebs Seasrulebs. qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi aseve 

95

winaswarmetyveluria, prezidentebs sjeraT, rom garkveuli movlenebi 

ganxorcieldeba momavalSi, zogjer am rwmenis asaxsnelad garkveul 

faqtebs an statistikas iSvelieben, zogjer ki yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis 

gareSe awvdian msmenels sakuTar mosazrebebs, Tu rogor warimarTeba 

qveynis bedi. Sesabamisad, SesaZloa qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi 

mivakuTvnoT reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtebsac, Tumca vfiqrob, 

rom ufro swori iqneba msgavsi aqtebis mikuTvneba komisivis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebisaTvis, vinaidan am saxis winadadebebSi gadmocemulia 

prezidentTa dapirebebi, rac ganpirobebulia ukeTesi momavlis 

uzrunvelyofis rwmeniT. aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavs winadadebebs 

informaciis mimRebi, msmeneli aRiqvams, rogorc prezidentebis mier 

micemul pirobas da maTi Sesruleba an ar Sesruleba ganapirobebs 

msmenelis garkveul damokidebulebas da grZnobebs prezidentebisadmi. 

(1) “moxdeba samaCablos konfliqtis mowesrigeba” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(2) “Semcirdeba aJiotaJuri moTxovna samomxmareblo bazarze da 

urTierTSesabamisobaSi mova moTxovna da miwodeba. (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(3) ”amaRldeba saqarTvelos rogorc damoukidebeli, suverenuli, 

demokratiuli qveynis imiji saerTaSoriso asparezze.” (e.S. 

26.11.1995) 

V) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval uaryofiT formaSi) 

NOUN+WILL+NOT + VERB 

qarTvel da amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi aseve 

aRniSnuli formuliT gamoxatuli komisivebi, sadac prezidentebi deben 

pirobas, rom garkveul movlenebs, qmedebebs ar eqnebaT adgili, ar moxdeba: 

(1) “damoukideblobis aRdgena ar moxdeba qarTvelTaTvis niSneuli 

cxoveli sarwmunoebis aRorZinebis gareSe.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(2) “Zlieri saqarTvelo ar iqneba Zlieri soflis gareSe.”M(m.s. 

25.01.2008) 

(3) “50 dReSi iafi krediti realoba iqneba.” (m.s. 25.01.2008) 

96

(4) “America will not impose our own style of government on the unwilling.” (G.W.B. 

20.01.2005) 

(5) “The United States will not ignore your oppression, or excuse your oppressors.” 

(G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

(6) “America will not pretend that jailed dissidents prefer their chains, or that women 

welcome humiliation and servitude, or that any human being aspires to live at the mercy 

of bullies.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

amdenad, prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT ori tipis komisivs: 

gamoxatuls pirdapir performativiT, an arapirdapir performativis gareSe. 

isini ZiriTadad zmnis momavali drois formiT gadmoicema. komisivebis 

gadmosacemad agreTve gamoiyeneba saSuali gvari. komisivebs 

gamomxatvelobas sZens stilisturi xerxebis gamoyeneba, kerZod, metaforebi 

da personifikacia. 

2.3. Ddireqtivebi 

direqtivebis gamoyeneba qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi Seadgens 

17%, xolo inglisurenovan empiriul masalaSi 13% procents. Ddireqtivebi 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi dominant aqtebad gvevlinebian da gamoyenebis 

garkveuli TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva. (urTierTmimarTebas sametyvelo 

aqtebs Soris ganvixilav hibridul aqtebSi, sadac detalurad aris 

ganxiluli prezidentTa gamosvlebSi direqtivebis, rogorc dominanti 

aqtebis Taviseburebani). sagulisxmoa, rom prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar 

gvxvdeba direqtivebis verbaluri aqtebi, gamoxatuli pirdapir 

performatiuli zmnebiT, rogoricaa: brZaneba (order, command), Txovna (request). 

prezidentebi gamosvlebSi Serbilebul direqtivebs mimarTaven, romlebsac 

ufro mowodebebis forma aqvT. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSiDdireqtivis aqtis gadmosacemad vxvdebiT 

zmnas ASK (Txovna), Tumca garkveul konteqstSi iZens brZanebis elementebsac 

da ukve gvxvdeba, rogorc direqtivis gamomxatveli performatiuli zmna. 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTebi. prezidenti buSi pirvel magaliTSi 

amerikis mosaxleobas TxovniT mimarTavs, rom sakuTari komfortis miRma 

97

eZion saerTo keTildReoba, iyvnen ara marto mayurebelni, aramed 

pasuxismgebeli moqalaqeeebi, Tumca Txovna konteqstSi eqstralingvistur 

faqtorebTan erTad aRiqmeba, rogorc mowodeba, romelSic bZanebis 

garkveuli elementebic SeimCneva, vinaidan mowodeba mimarTulia 

Sesrulebisaken perlokuciuri Sedegis miRwevis mizniT. Sedegi ki am 

konkretul SemTxvevaSi iqneba moqalaqeebis mier momsaxurebis 

gaerTianebebis Camoyalibeba, riskenac prezidenti mouwodebs moqalaqeebs da 

amavdroulad reprezentativis meSveobiT (1 aqti) xazs usvams, rom 

moqalaqeebis mier gakeTebuli saqme mTavrobis mier Sesrulebul saqmeze 

aranakleb mniSvnelovania: 

(1) “(What you do is as important as anything government does.) I ask you to seek a 

common good beyond your comfort; to defend needed reforms against easy attacks; to 

serve your nation, beginning with your neighbor. I ask you to be citizens: citizens, not 

spectators; citizens, not subjects; responsible citizens, building communities of service 

and a nation of character.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2001) 

Semdeg magaliTSi (2) prezidenti axalgazrdobas ara mxolod 

sTxovs, aramed mouwodebs, rom irwmunon mtkicebulebebisa, romelsac isini 

xedaven: 

(2) “I ask our youngest citizens to believe the evidence of your eyes.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi marTalia iSviaTad, magram mainc 

vxvdebiT mowodebas, gamoxatuls uSualod performativiT “mogiwodebT”: 

(3) me movuwodeb msoflio sazogadoebas, pirvel rigSi uSiSroebis 

sabWos mudmivi wevri qveynebis liderebs: SeimuSaon uSiSroebis 

sabWos sagangebo sxdomaze msoflioSi terorizmis winaaRmdeg 

brZolis, agresiuli separatizmis da eqstremistuli 

nacionalizmis aRkveTis RonisZiebani (e.S. 25.11.1995) 

Tumca prezidentebis mimarTvebSi xSirad vxvdebiT mowodebis 

gamomxatvel frazebs, sadac gamoyenebuli ar aris konkretuli sametyvelo 

aqtis ¿Sesabamisi performativi da sametyvelo aqti impliciturad aris 

gadmocemuli. qvemoT mocemulia sametyvelo aqtebis magaliTebi, romlebic 

me mivakuTne mowodebis gamomxatvel arapirdapiri direqtivis tips. 

98

a) mowodebis gamomxatveli arapirdapiri direqtivebi gamoxatuli 

konstruqciiT Mmo-di-T + zmna 

LET US + VERB 

ganvixiloT zmna mo-di-T: 

rogorc cnobilia, qarTul enaSi zogierT zmnas uRlebisa da 

warmoebis sakuTari wesi aqvs da ar eTanxmeba ama Tu im jgufisaTvis enaSi 

SemuSavebul zogad wesebs, aseT zmnebs Taviseburi zmnebi hqvia. (SaniZe, 1980) 

maT SeiZleba akldes zmnuri kategoria, kerZod, romelime mwkrivi an mTeli 

seria, nakluli mwkrivebis Sesavsebad ki iyeneben sxva zmnas, aseT zmnebs 

mwkrivSi monacvle zmnebi hqvia. Sesabamisad, zmna mo-di-T - modi(T) < 

moved(i) < mo(ved) - sawyisi mosvla swored am tipis zmnebs miekuTvneba, anu 

aris mwkrivSi monacvle zmna, mo-zmniswinia, di-fuZe, T – mravlobiTis 

niSani. mo-di-T aris erTpiriani gardauvali zmna (modiT Tqven), II 

subieqturi piri, mravlobiTi ricxvi, II seria, wyvetili, dro momavali, 

kilo warTqmiTi brZanebiTi (swored amitom zmna modiT + zmna gamoxatavs 

ara mxolod mowodebas, aramed brZanebasac), Znelia imis Tqma, Tu romel 

gvars miekuTvneba, aris es saSuali Tu vnebiTi, kontaqti ar aqvs, aspeqtis 

gagebasac ar iZleva, aris sruli Tu usruli, aseve rTulia qcevis dadgena- 

aris es zmna saarviso, sasxviso Tu saTaviso. 

A amdenad, mowodebis an brZanebis gamosaxatavad aucilebelia, 

rom winadadebaSi modiT iyos kombinaciaSi sxva zmnebTan, romlebic im 

naklul kategoriebs Seavseben da srulyofilad gamoxataven moqmedebebs, 

xolo Tavad zmna ”modiT” am moqmedebebis Sesrulebisaken mouwodebs. 

(1) modiT, SevaCeroT Zaladobis spirali! M(m.s. 07.08.2008) 

kombinacia ”modiT SevaCeroT” mouwodebs msmenels, rom Sesruldes 

”Zaladobis spiralis” SeCerebis moqmedeba erToblivad adresatisa da 

adresantis mier. kombinaciaSi ”modiT SevaCeroT” modiT ar warmoadgens 

srulmniSvnelovan zmnas, is meSveli zmnis funqcias asrulebs, romelic 

mouwodebs moqmedebisken. moqmedebas ki zmna ”SevaCeroT” gamoxatavs. 

gavarCioT zmna Se- v-a–Cer–o-T: zmna aris mravlobiT ricxvSi, II seria, II 

kavSirebiTi, dro momavali, kilo kavSirebiTi, gvari moqmedebiTi (SevaCeroT 

99

Cven isini, sadac Cven subieqtia, xolo isini - pirdapiri obieqti), saarviso 

qceva, kontaqti uSualo, aspeqti sruli. Se- zmniswini, v- subieqturi I piris 

niSani, a- qcevis niSani, saarviso, Cer – Ziri, o- mwkrivis niSani, T- 

mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani. 

zogjer erTobis suliskveTebis gamosaRviZeblad prezidentebi 

iyeneben sityvas ”yvela”, raTa mouwodon msmenels, rom igic unda gaxdes 

mowodebis an brZanebis Sesrulebis Tanamonawile. 

(1) modiT yvelam erTad mivceT mSvidobasa da dialogs Sansi. (m.s. 

07.08.2008) 

(2) modiT, yvelam, visac es adgilze exeba, yvelaferi viRonoT 

imisaTvis, rom dRes, xval, zeg Sewydes eskalacia da 

davubrundeT molaparakebis magidas. (m.s. 07.08.2008) 

inglisurenovan masalaSi gvxvdeba mowodebis gamomxatveli Semdegi 

tipis arapirdapiri direqtivebi, romlebic gamoxatulia formuliT LET US 

+ VERB. amavdroulad, LET US + VERB aris deontikuri modalobis 

gamomxatveli konstruqcia. rogorc cnobilia, deontikuri modaloba aris 

is lingvisturi modaloba, romelic gamoxatavs, Tu rogori unda iyos 

samyaro garkveuli normebis, mosaubris molodinis an survilis mixedviT, 

sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, deontikuri gamonaTqvamebi aCvenebs, rom samyaro 

ar Seesabameba standartebs an mosaubris idealuri samyaros xats. Aamdenad, 

deontikuri modaloba gamoxatavs garkveul qmedebebs, romelTa SesrulebiT 

Seicvleba samyaro, raTa is WeSmaritebis ideals dauaxlovdes. (Hermeren,1978; 

David, 1985. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deontic_modality deontikuri direqtiuli 

modaloba) 

Aamerikeli prezidentebi Semdegi qmedebebis Sesrulebisaken 

mouwodeben msmenels, raTa qveyana maT warmosaxvaSi arsebul idealur 

samyarosTan movides SesabamisobaSi. 

(1) “Let us embrace it… Let us all take more responsibility, not only for ourselves and our 

families but for our communities and our country.” (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

prezidenti klintoni mimarTavs yvelas (all), rom igrZnon meti 

pasuxismgebloba aramxolod sakuTari Tavisa da ojaxis wevrebis mimarT 

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aramed sazogadoebisa da qveynis mimarTac. aseve, igi mouwodebs, rom yvelam 

erTad unda moaxdinos politikis reformireba: 

(2) “Let us resolve to reform our politics, so that power and privilege no longer shout down 

the voice of the people. Let us put aside personal advantage so that we can feel the pain 

and see the promise of America. Let us resolve to make our government a place for what 

Franklin Roosevelt called "bold, persistent experimentation," a government for our 

tomorrows, not our yesterdays. Let us give this capital back to the people to whom it 

belongs”. (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

Semdeg magaliTSi (3) prezidenti klintoni msmenels misi 

warmodgeniT idealur amerikas uxatavs da mouwodebs, deontikuri 

modalobis meSveobiT, rom ar daiviwyon drogamocdili sibrZne, gamoiCinon 

simamace da moTmineba, raTa maTi qveyana - amerika idealur samyarosTan 

SesabamisobaSi movides: 

(3) “Let us build that America; But let us never forget… Let us remember the timeless 

wisdom… Let us meet the changes with faith and courage, with patience and a grateful 

and happy heart. Let us shape the hope of this day into the noblest chapter in our history. 

Yes, let us build our bridge. Let us go forth.” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

marTalia, rogorc qarTveli, aseve amerikeli prezidentebi 

gamosvlebSi ar iyeneben mkacr direqtivebs da ZiriTadad Serbilebul an 

SefarviT direqtivebs mimarTaven. Semdegi magaliTebi arapirdapiri 

direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebia, sadac gamoyenebulia Zlieri 

valdebulebis gamomxatveli modaluri zmna “must “/ “unda”. 

“unda” 

b) Aarapirdapiri direqtivebi gamoxatuli modaluri zmniT “must”; 

ganvixiloT zmna unda: rogorc cnobilia qarTul enaSi moipoveba 

ramdenime zmna, romelTa formebi Zvelad erTi mwkrivis formebad iyo 

gagebuli, dRes kidev sxva mwkrivis zmnebia: minda – ginda – unda. Mminda – 

forma jer uwyvetlis gagebiT gamoiyeneboda, Tumca mniSvneloba TandaTan 

Seicvala, warsuli drois gageba dakarga da axali SeiZina. DdRevandeli 

gagebiT zmna Uu-nd-a grZnoba-aRqmis zmnaa, gardauvali, inversiuli, awmyo 

dro, I seria, or- piriani (unda mas (subieqti) is (obieqti)). kilo TxrobiTi. 

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u – sasxviso qcevis niSani, n (d) – Ziri, a – III subieqturi piris niSani. 

zmna “unda” yovelTvis srulmniSvnelovan zmnasTan kombinaciaSi gamoiyeneba. 

zmna unda gamoxatavs survils/ damokidebulebas srulmniSvnelovani zmnis 

mimarT, Sesabamisad, ganyenebulad zmna “unda” ar gamoiyeneba. zogierT 

SemTxvevaSi “unda” mxolod nawilakia da ixmareba zmnasTan da niSnavs 

aucileblobas, SesaZleblobas, saWiroebas. (Ciqobava, 1985) qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi arapirdapiri direqtiuli aqtebi gadmoicema 

swored “unda” nawilakis kombinaciiT zmnasTan, sadac is saWiroebas da 

aucileblobas gamoxatavs. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba frazebi ”Cven unda gavakeTod” an 

“unda gakeTdes, unda iTqvas, unda aRmoifxvras” da a.S, rac TavisTavad aris 

arapirdapiri direqtivis aqtebi, Tumca amavdroulad am frazebis ukan 

dgas metyveli subieqtis damokidebuleba Tqmulis mimarT, rom is xalxs 

mouwodebs Tavisi ideebis ganxorcielebisaken ara maTgan damoukideblad, 

aramed maTTan erTad, maTi daxmarebiT. zogjer vxvdebiT iseTi tipis 

direqtivebs, rasac msmeneli auditoria ver Seasrulebs, vinaidan amis 

uflebamosileba da Zala ar gaaCnia, SesaZlo survilis qonis SemTxvevaSic 

ki. sxva aqtebis msgavsad, direqtivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis ganxilvisas 

aseve mniSvnelovania piris deiqsisze dakvirveba, konkretulad ki pirveli 

piris mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxelis inkluziur da eqskluziur 

gamoyenebaze, rac damatebiT konotaciebs matebs winadadebebs. 

kvelvis Sedegad gamovyavi direqtiuli sametyvelo aqtebis Semdegi 

qvetipebi, sadac gamoyenebulia “unda”/“must” Semdegi formulebi: 

I) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + (ar) unda + zmna; 

WE+MUST (+NOT) +VERB 

eqskluziuri Cven/ WE 

qvemoT mocemuli magaliTebis konteqstidan vxvdebiT, rom 

prezidentebi direqtivebiT mTavrobas da ara xalxs mimarTaven. isini 

mTavrobas sTxoven iseTi qmedebebis ganxorcielebas, romelic sasikeTo 

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iqneba xalxisa da qveynisaTvis. es qmedebebia: socialuri dacvis politikis 

daxvewa, soflis keTildReobis gazrda da sxv.: 

(1) “Cven dauyovnebliv unda avamoqmedoT iafi krediti”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(2) “Cven unda gavzardoT Cveni soflis keTildReoba”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(3) “Cven unda davxvewoT socialuri dacvis politika da unda 

SevqmnaT iseTi meqanizmebi, rom daxmareba miiRos man, visac es 

yvelaze metad sWirdeba”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

amerikeli prezidentebic gascemen mTavrobaze moTxovnebs, rac unda 

Sesruldes. brZanebebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac prezidentebi moiTxoven, 

sxvadasxvagvaria: Sida da gare gamowvevebis daZleva, simamacis gamoCena, 

federaluri biujetis dabalanseba, uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom amerika 

msoflios winaSe warmoCindes, rogorc gaerTianebuli, Zlieri, mSvidobiani 

da finansurad myari, da sxv.: 

(1) “We must meet challenges abroad as well at home . . We must provide for our nation 

the way a family provides for its children.” (B.C. 20.01.1997) 

(2) “We must show courage in a time of blessing by confronting problems instead of 

passing them on to future generations. “ (G.W.B. 20.01.2001) 

(3) “We must do more; we must support the Iraqi government; we must defeat alQaeda”. 

(G.W.B 20.01.2005) 

(4) “We must bring the Federal budget into balance. And we must ensure that America 

stands before the world united, strong, at peace, and fiscally sound. But, of course, 

things may be difficult. We need compromise; we have had dissension. We need 

harmony; we have had a chorus of discordant voices.” (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

Mme-5 magaliTSi gadmocemulia bil klintonis mosazreba, ra unda 

gaakeTos amerikis mTavrobam, raTa moxdes amerikis ganaxleba. igi 

eqskluziur “we” iyenebs imisaTvis, rom mouwodos amerikis mTavrobas, rom 

isini unda iyvenen mamacni, meti investicia unda Cadon xalxSi da maT 

dasaqmebaSi, da ise unda izrunon erze, rogorc ojaxi zrunavs sakuTar 

Svilebze. 

(5) “To renew America, we must be bold. We must do what no generation has had to do 

before. We must invest more in our own people, in their jobs, in their future, and at the 

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same time cut our massive debt. And we must do so in a world in which we must 

compete for every opportunity. It will not be easy; it will require sacrifice. But it can be 

done, and done fairly, not choosing sacrifice for its own sake, but for our own sake. We 

must provide for our nation the way a family provides for its children.” (B.C. 

20.01.1993) 

inkluziuri Cven/ WE 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi mravlad vxvdebiT arapirdapir 

direqtivebs, gamoxatuls Zlieri valdebulebis modaluri zmniT unda/must, 

romelic inkluziur nacvalsaxelTan Cven/WE aris kolokaciaSi, risi 

meSveobiTac brZanebebi aramxolod mTavrobazea mimarTuli garkveuli 

qmedebebis Sesasruleblad, aramed sruliad msmenelis mimarT, raTa isinic 

gaerTiandnen prezidentTan da mTavrobasTan am aqtivobebis Sesasruleblad. 

(1) “Cven yvelam unda aviRoT gezi aseTi saqarTvelosaken”. (m.s. 03.12. 

2010.) 

(2) “Cven unda SevqmnaT Zlieri armia. . . Cven unda avaRorZinoT 

qarTuli mxedruli suli, romelmac gagvaZlebina saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi. Cven unda avaRorZinoT am sferoSi daviT 

aRmaSeneblis, giorgi brwyinvales tradiciebi, Cveni gmirebis – 

samasi aragvelis da bevri sxva gmiris, didgoris gmirebis 

tradiciebi.”M(m.s. 25.01.2004) 

(3) “Cven unda viswavloT yvela Wkvianuri rCevis gaziareba, magram 

unda viswavloT pasuxismgeblobis aReba sakuTar Tavze. Cven 

nacvlad gadawyvetilebas veravin ver miiRebs.” (m.s. 01.10.2010) 

(4) “Cven Zalian mobiluri mTavroba varT da Cven am tempiT unda 

gavagrZeloT muSaoba.” (m.s. 01.10.2010) 

(5) “ra Tqma unda, Cven unda gaviziaroT yvela sxva qveynis dadebiTi 

gamocdileba da yvela sxva qveynis Secdomac.” (m.s. 01.10.2010) 

Pprezidenti buSi xalxs mouwodebs, rom yvela erTad Seudges 

amerikis xelaxal mSeneblobas, vinidan samyaros cvlilebasTan erTad 

saWiroa xalxic Seicvalos: 

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(6) “Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the 

work of remaking America… For the world has changed, and we must change with it.” 

(B.O. 20.01.2009) 

(7) “Americans are called to enact this promise in our lives and in our laws. And though 

our nation has sometimes halted, and sometimes delayed, we must follow no other 

course… We must live up to the calling we share”. (G.W.B.20.01.2001) 

me-8 magaliTSi bil klintoni inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis “we” 

gamoyenebiT mouwodebs ers, rom amerikis ganaxlebis mizniT yvelam erTad 

unda gamoacocxlos demokratia. 

(8) “We must do what America does best: To renew America, we must revitalize our 

democracy.” (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

Semdeg magaliTebSi prezidenti buSi (ufrosi) mouwodebs 

sazogadoebas gaerTianebisaken da miuTiTebs, rom maT yvelam erTad unda 

gamoucxadon aratolerantoba narkotikebs da aswavlon Svilebs, Tu ras 

niSnavs iyo erTguli megobari, mzrunveli mSobeli da moqalaqe: 

(9) “There are few clear areas in which we as a society must rise up united and express our 

intolerance. The most obvious now is drugs..” (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

(10) “My friends, we are not the sum of our possessions. They are not the measure of our 

lives. In our hearts we know what matters. We cannot hope only to leave our children a 

bigger car, a bigger bank account. We must hope to give them a sense of what it means 

to be a loyal friend, a loving parent, a citizen who leaves his home, his neighborhood 

and town better than he found it.” (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

II) Tqven + unda + zmna 

YOU + MUST + VERB 

ufro kategoriulia aRniSnuli tipis direqtiva, romelic 

gamoxatulia aseve modaluri zmna must-is gamoyenebiT, Tumca aRniSnul tips 

kategoriulobas sZens nacvalsaxeli Tqven – you, rac pirdapir gadascems 

msmenels prezidentTa moTxovnebs, rom maT ara erToblivad, aramed 

msmenelma Tavad unda Seasrulos aRniSnuli direqtiva. Tumca, rogorc 

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magaliTSi Cans, prezidenti bil klintoni amatebs sityvas “too,” rac 

arbilebs gacemul brZanebas. 

(1) “My fellow Americans, you, too, must play your part in our renewal”. (B.C. 

20.01.1995) 

(2) “proeqtebi Tqven ukve gadmogecaT. es aris Zalian lamazi 

proeqtebi, romelTa mixedviT, Cveni Savi zRvispireTis ulamazesi 

axali, patara ubani da raioni Sendeba.Aaxla Tqven unda SeudgeT 

saqmes.” (m.s. 13.11.2010) 

III) arsebiTi + unda + zmna (momaval formaSi); 

Noun +MUST +VERB 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi zogjer direqtivebi miukerZoebeli 

stiliT aris gadmocemuli, kerZod, ar Cans direqtivis obieqti, Tu vin unda 

Seasrulos gacemuli direqtiva. Pprezidentebi ubralod gascemen 

brZanebebs garkveuli moqmedebebis gansaxorcileblad maTi miznebisa da 

motivebis gaTvaliswinebiT, vinaidan es garkveuli moqmedebebi maT miaCniaT 

swor nabijebad, romelic unda ganxorcieldes imisaTvis, rom moxdes maT 

mier danaxul WeSmaritad swor samyarosTan daaxloeba. 

(1) “Seneba da winsvla unda gagrZeldes”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(2) “ganaxleba unda gagrZeldes, cvlilebebma axali ganzomileba 

unda miiRos”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(3) “saxelmwifo mowyobas safuZvlad unda daedos mmarTvelobis da 

TviTmmarTvelobis iseTi politikuri principepi, romlebic 

gamoricxaven saxelmwifosa da misi Semadgeneli nawilebis 

dapirispirebas.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(4) “reformaTa gatarebam unda uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi 

saxelmwifos aSeneba.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

zogjer xdeba saxelmwifos an qveynis, rogorc cocxali organizmis 

warmoCena, romelic garkveul qmedebebs ganaxorcielebs, anu xdeba 

saxelmwifos ganpirovneba/ personifikacia. 

(1) “saxelmwifom unda daicvas saeklesio qoneba”. (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

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(2) “saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos eklesiis ufleba iyos saerTo 

cxovrebis aqtiuri monawile.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(3) “saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos, raTa eklesiam miiRos saWiro 

materialuri daxmareba.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(4) “Tavisuflebis sikeTe yvelam unda igrZnos”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

(5) “America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.” (b.O. 20.01.2009) 

(6) ”Clearly America must continue to lead the world we did so much to make.(B.C. 

20.01.1993) 

(7) ”Great nations like great men must keep their word. (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

(8) “And our country must abandon all the habits of racism”. (G.W.B.20.01.2005) 

unda + zmna 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba agreTve formuliT 

“unda + zmna” gamoxatuli direqtivebi, sadac ar Cans, Tu visken aris 

mimarTuli direqtivebi, viszea gaTvlili brZanebis perlokuciuri Sedegi, 

vin aris gacemuli bZanebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. ganvixiloT Semdegi 

ori magaliTi, sadac zmna “unda” gxvdeba kombinaciaSi zmnasTan “aRdges”- 

“unda aRdges”. “unda” gamoxatavs survils, rom sasurvelia aRdges 

tradiciuli urTierToba an saeklesio sakuTreba miwaze, Tumca frazidan 

ar Cans, vin Seasrulebs moqmedebas, vinaidan zmna “aRdges” erTpiriania 

(aRdges is), aris mxolobiT ricxvSi, II seria, II kavSirebiTi, aris momavlis 

formaSi, kilo kavSirebiTi, aspeqti sruli, gvari vnebiTia, qcevis gagebas 

ar iZleva. 

(1) “unda aRdges tradiciuli urTierToba afxazTa da qarTvelTa 

Soris” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(2) “unda aRdges saeklesio sakuTreba miwaze. ” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT msgavs sxva magaliTebsac: 

(3) “unda Catardes saqarTvelos erovnuli simdidris inventarizacia.” 

(z.g. 07.06.1991) 

(4) “unda gatardes SeRavaTiani dabegvris politika. ” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

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(5) “unda gatardes biujetis deficitis aRmofxvris mkacri zomebi da 

kreditis SezRudva, Tavisufal fasebze gadasvla da 

sazRvargareTuli investiciebis mozidva.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

calke jgufad unda gamoiyos emociurad datvirTuli direqtivebi, 

romelebiTac prezidentTa gamosvlebi sruldeba. esenia prezidenTa 

gamosvlebis damamTavrebeli frazebi, rac prezidentTa sityvis sxvadasxva 

Janris damaxasiaTebeli da aucilebeli elementia. damamTavrebeli frazebi 

ZiriTadad locva-kurTxevis formulebiT aris warmodgenili, sadac 

gamoyenebulia Zlieri ilokuciuri Zalis sityvebi, rogoricaa: dalocva, 

gamarjveba, mfarveloba. mag,: “RmerTi iyos Cveni da Cveni samSoblos 

mfarveli!” (ms 25.01. 2004); “God bless you all, and God bless America” (G.W.B 11.09.2001); 

(ixileT I Tavis 1.2. qve-Tavi emociuri funqcia gv. 33-34 , sadac magaliTebi 

detalurad aris ganxiluli) aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi formulebis 

gamoyenebaSi aseve vlindeba prezidentebis ganwyoba da suliskveTeba. 

prezidentebi aRniSnuli direqtivebiT RmerTs avedreben, SesTxoven 

sakuTari qveynis keTildReobas. Tavisi arsiT zemoT mocemuli locva- 

kurTxevis frazebi aris direqtivebi. Tumca, frazebi Zalze emociuri da 

eqspresiulia, Sesabamisad, garkveulwilad eqspresiebis sametyvelo aqtebis 

magaliTebadac SeiZleba maTi ganxilva. SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli emociuri 

direqtivebi ganvixiloT, aseve rogorc deklaraciis sametyvelo aqtis 

tipis magaliTebi, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aRniSnuli 

frazebi warmodgens warsulis gadmonaSs, xolo Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi 

prezidentebi mefeebs utoldebian, mefeebs, romelnic RmerTis rCeulebi da 

maTi warmomadgenlebi iyvnen qveyanaze, Sesabamisad, maT gaaCndaT faruli 

RvTiuri Zala (isevev rogorc uflebamosileba) sityviT moexdinaT 

saswauli anu sityvis Zalis meSveobiT, mxolod da mxolod sityvis 

warmoTqmis gziT daelocaT qveyana. 

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2.4. eqspresivebi 

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, eqspresiuli aqtebi gamoxatavs mosaubris 

garkveul fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, damokidebulebas da ganwyobas. 

gamoiyofa ori tipis eqspresivi: moraluri damokidebulebis da emociuri 

damokidebulebis gamomxatveli eqspresiuli aqtebi. M 

moraluri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli aqtebi moicavs Semdeg 

verbalur aqtebs: patieba / miteveba (apologise / forgive); mowoneba / dawuneba 

(approve / disapprove); dafaseba (appreciate); sinanuli (regret); indiferentuloba (be 

indiferent). 

xolo emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli aqtebi moicavs 

Semdeg verbalur aqtebs: interesis qona/ arqona (interest - lack of interest); 

gaoceba (surprise); imedis qona/ imedia gacrueba (hope/ disappointment); SiSi an 

mRelvareba (fear or worry); upiratesobis miniWeba (preference); madliereba 

(gratitude); TanagrZnoba (sympathy); ganzraxva (intention); survilis qona (want or 

desire) 

saprezidento gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba orive 1) moraluri 

damokidebulebis da 2) emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi. M 

M1) moraluri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli eqspresiuli aqtebi, 

gamoxatuli misalmebis Tavaziani frazebiT 

Mminda aRvniSno, rom misalmebis gamomxatvel aqtebs heCi 

sociolizaciis (socializing) funqciis qveS aqcevs da mas usadagebs direqtivis 

sametyvelo aqts, Tumca ar aris darwmunebuli mis swor mikuTvnebaSi, 

vinaidan funqciis ekvivalenturi sametyvelo aqtis gaswvriv igi kiTxvis 

niSniT warmoadgens direqtiul sametyvelo aqts (Hatch, 1992:131). Cemi azriT, 

misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi udavod Sedis eqspresiul sametyvelo 

aqtebSi, konkretulad ki moralur eqspresiul aqtebSi, vinaidan misalmebis 

gamomxatveli frazebi mosaubris ganwyobilebas gamoxatavs msmenelis 

mimarT. marTalia, aRniSnuli frazebi warmoadgenen fatikuri komunikaciis 

elements, magram misalmebis frazebi mosaubris moraluri pasuxismgeblobis 

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grZnobidan gamomdinareobs, rom miesalmos, gamoxatos damswre 

sazogadoebisadmi, an msmenelisadmi misi aRfrTovaneba an dadebiTi 

damokidebuleba. ilokuciuri aqti am SemTxvevaSi aris is, rom mosaubres 

surs miesalmos msmenels, agrZnobinos, rom masTan pirdapiri an 

virtualuri Sexvedra uxaria, perlokuciuri efeqti ki msmenelSi dadebiTi 

damokidebulebis sapasuxo dadebiTi reaqciis aRZvraa. 

misalmeba prezidentTa nebismier sityvaSi aucilebel elemnts 

warmoadgens. Mmisalmeba zogjer gamoixateba sametyvelo aqtis zmniT 

(performativiT) eqspliciturad zogjer ki misalmeba impliciturad, 

yovelgvari performatiuli zmnis gamoyenebis gareSe xdeba. 

1. a. Apirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri sametyvelo 

aqtebi, gamoxatuli performativiT “mogesalmebiT” ; “salute”; “welcome”. 

amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT misalmebis gamomxatvel 

or performatiul zmnas “salute” da “welcome”, romlebic Semdegi formuliT 

gadmoicema I/WE SALUTE/WELCOME + OBJECT 

(1) ” On behalf of our nation, I salute my predecessor, President Bush, for his half-century 

of service to America” (B.C.) 

(2) “ I want to welcome you.” (G.W. B .04.06.2007). 

xolo qarTulenovan gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT misalmebis gamomxatvel 

Semdeg formebs: 

a) sityva-winadadeba, romelic konstruqciulad subieqtur 

predikatiuli tipisaa (Tumca es mxolod da mxolod qarTulenovan 

mimarTvebSi gvxvdeba, vinaidan cnobilia, rom inglisur enaSi moqmedi 

da moqmedeba aucileblad ori sityvaformiT gamoixateba). 

mo-g-e-salm-eb-i-T! (m.s. 01.01.2009) (sadac “mo” aris zmniswini, “g”- irib 

obieqturi piris niSani, “e”- vnebiTi gvaris niSani, “salm”- Ziri, “eb”- 

Temis niSani, “i”- mwkrivis niSani I seria, myofadi, “T”- mravlobiTis 

niSani. 

b) zmna (ve-salm-eb-i) + obieqti, (sadac “v”- pirveli subieqturi 

piris niSania, “e”- vnebiTi gvaris niSani, “salm” – Ziri 

110

(momdinareobs aziuri warmoSobis sityvidan – “salam”), “eb” - 

Temis niSani, “i” - mwkrivis niSani I seria, myofadi.) 

(1) “vesalmebi mTels saqarTvelos, vesalmebi afxazeTs, oseTs, 

kaxeTs, qarTls, qvemo qarTls, samcxes, javaxeTs, aWaras, gurias, 

imereTs, samegrelos, svaneTs, raWas, leCxums, fSav-xevsureTs, 

TuSeTs da qiziys. vesalmebi yvela qarTvels msoflios 

sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT vesalmebi mis 

uwmindesobas, saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqs, ilia meores. 

vesalmebi prezidentebs, premier ministrebs, sagareo saqmeTa 

ministrebs da yvela Cvens gansakuTrebul stumars, vesalmebi 

yvela aq Sekrebil adamians”. (m.s. 20.01.2008) 

zogjer prezidentTa mimarTvebSi performatiuli zmnis zedmet 

gamoyenebasac vxvdebiT stilisturi xerxi - gameorebis gamoyenebis gziT. 

zemoT mocemulia amonaridi prezident saakaSvilis 2008 wlis 

sainauguracio sityvidan, misalmebis nawili moicavs sul 54 sityvas 

saidanac 6 sityva aris “vesalmebi”. 

G g) minda + mi-v-e-salm-o + obieqti (sadac “mi” aris – zmniswini, 

“v” - subieqturi piris niSania, “e”- vnebiTi gvaris niSani, “salm” – 

Ziri (momdinareobs aziuri (arabuli) warmoSobis sityvidan – 

“salam”), “o” –mwkrivis niSani, II seria, II kavSirebiTi) 

(1) “minda mivesalmo Cven gverdiT myof xalxs; minda mivesalmo 

yvelas, vinc dRes qarTvelebTan erTad dgas; minda mivesalmo Cvens 

Tanamemamuleebs; minda mivesalmo Cvens mebrZolebs, minda 

mivesalmo yvela politikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs.” (m.s. 

01.09.2008) 

d) nacvalsaxeli (me) + zmna (mi-v-e-salm-eb-i) + obieqti (sadac “mi” 

aris zmniswini, “v”- subieqturi piris niSania, “e” aris vnebiTi 

gvaris niSani, “salm” – Ziri (momdinareobs aziuri warmoSobis 

sityvidan – “salam”), “eb” –Temis niSani, “i” - mwkrivis niSani, I 

seria, myofadi) 

111

(1) “me mivesalmebi maT da vusurveb axal warmatebebs. . . me 

mivesalmebi saqarTvelos axali parlamentis Tavmjdomares baton 

zurab Jvanias. . . me mivesalmebi Cvens SeiaraRebul Zalebs . . . 

me mivesalmebi samarTaldamcav organoebs. . . me mivesalmebi 

saqrTvelos inteligencias, studentobas, axalgazrdobas.“ (e.S. 

30.04.2000) 

zemoT mocemul magaliTSi misalmebis Tavaziani frazebiT 

gadmocemuli eqspresiuli emociuri aqtebi amokrefilia prezident 

SevardnaZis 1995 wlis sainauguracio sityvis me-19, 20, 27, 28 abzacebidan. 

amdenad, unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspresiuli sametyvelo aqtebi, gamoxatuli 

misalmebis frazebiT, ar gxvdeba prezidentTa sityvis mxolod da mxolod 

daswyisSi, is SesaZlebelia mimarTvis sxvadasxva nawilebSi iyos 

mimobneuli. 

1. b. arapirdapiri (implicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri 

sametyvelo aqtebi sametyvelo aqtis zmnis gareSe 

sagulisxmoa, rom misalmebis an mimarTvis zogierT frazaSi 

eqspresiuli sametyvelo aqtis Tavad performatiuli zmna mogesalmebiT 

(miveslamebi, vesalmebi, greet, salute, welcome) ar aris naxsenebi, gamoyenebuli, 

magram es xels ar uSlis msmenels imis aRqmaSi, rom es mimarTvis an 

misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebia. “My fellow citizens” – “my fellow American”s- 

klintoni, obama. “Zvirfaso Tanamemamuleno” – SevardnaZe. 

sainteresoa is faqti, rom zogierTi prezidenti mimarTvisas 

ierarqiul wyobas iyenebs. ase magaliTad: 

(1) “Mr. Chief Justice, Mr. President, Vice President Quayle, Senator Mitchell, Speaker 

Wright, Senator Dole, Congressman Michel, and fellow citizens, neighbors, and 

friends”. (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

(2) “President Clinton, distinguished guests and my fellow citizens”. (G.W.B.20.01. 2001) 

(3) “Vice President Cheney, Mr. Chief Justice, President Carter, President Bush, President 

Clinton, members of the United States Congress, Reverend, clergy, distinguished guests, 

fellow citizens”. (G.W.B.20.01. 2001) 

112

(4) “pativcemulo deputatebo, pativcemulo stumrebo, Zvirfaso 

megobrebo! ” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

Sesabamisad, magaliTebidan Cans, rom performatiuli zmnebis 

gamoyeneba aucilebeli an savaldebulo ar aris eqspresiul sametyvelo 

aqtebis gadmocemisas. 

2) emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli eqspresiuli aqtebi, 

gamoxatuli madlierebis Tavaziani frazebiT 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi gadmoicema madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani 

frazebiT. 

2. a. pirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli emociuri sametyvelo 

aqtebi gamoxatuli performativiT thank 

prezidentTa inglisurenovan gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT madlierebis 

gamomxatveli performativiT “THANK” gadmocemul eqspresiul aqtebs, 

romlebic Semdegi formulebiT aris gadmocemuli: 

I) Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase + (Preposition (FOR)) 

(1) “Thank you” (B.C. 20.01.1993) (G.W.H.B.20.01.1989) 

(2) “Thank you all for coming; Thank you all for coming.”(G.W.B. 04.06.2007) 

(3) “Thank you for your hard work, and thank you for what your fixing to do.”(G.W.B. 

04.06.2007) 

II) Pronoun (I/ WE) +Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase 

(1) “I thank the many world leaders who have called to offer their condolences and 

assistance” (G.W.B 11.09.2001) 

(2) “We also thank those whose quick response provided preventative treatment; (G.W.B 

08.11.2001) 

III) Pronoun (I)+ Verb (THANK)+ Object + Preposition (FOR) + Noun Phrase 

(1) “I thank President Clinton for his service to our nation.” (G.W.B. 20.01.2001) 

113

(2) “ I thank Vice President Gore for a contest conducted with spirit and ended with grace. 

… we bow our heads and thank You for Your love. Accept our thanks for the peace .” 

(G.W.B. 20.01.2001) 

(3) “I thank you for the wonderful things that you have done for America.“ (G.W.H.B. 

20.01.1989) 

(4) “(I ) thank you for watching democracy's big day.” (G.W.H.B. 20.01.1989) 

(5) “ I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and 

cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.” (B.O.20.01. 2009) 

(6) “ And I thank you for that ; and I thank you for your sacrifices.”(G.W.B 04.06.2007) 

(7) “I thank the Congress for approving a good agreement with Peruand; I thank the 

Congress for supporting America's vital mission in Afghanistan.” (G.W.B 08.11.2001); 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sityva “Thank” gvxvdeba aseve ara rogorc 

performatiuli zmna, aramed rogorc arsebiTi saxeli, qvemoT mocemulia 

madlierebis gamomxatveli frazebis ori qvetipi, sadac gamoyenebulia 

formulebi: Thanks + for + smth da Give+thanks+ for +smth. 

I) Thanks + for + smth 

(1) “Thanks for the warm welcome; thanks for being here; thanks for the warm 

welcome.”(G.W.B. 04.06.2007) 

II) Give+thanks+ for +smth 

(1) “On Independence Day we give thanks, we give thanks for our Founders.”(G.W.B. 

04.06.2007) 

(2) “We give thanks for all the brave citizen-soldiers of our Continental Army.”(G.W.B. 

04.06.2007) 

madlobis gamoxatvis saSualebebi, rasac prezidentebi iyeneben, 

gansxvavebulia. Tumca gansxvaveba ara imdenad gamoyenebul formulaSi 

mdgomareobs, romelic ZiriTadad gadmoicema performativiT “thank” Semdegi 

saxis kombinaciaSi Pronoun (I) +Verb (THANK) + Object + ((Preposition/FOR)), 

aramed aRniSnuli performativiT da SerCeuli kolokaciebiT (sityvaT 

SeTanxmebebiT) gadmocemuli konceptualuri mniSvnelobebis TvalsazrisiT. 

Mmag.: 

114

I thank you for the wonderful things that you have done for America ar aris naCvenebi 

mkafiod, Tu risTvis uxdis madlobas prezidenti buSi prezident reigans. 

vfiqrob msgavsi frazebis warmoTqma, romlebsac me kliSeebad ganvixilav, 

warmoadgens ufro Tavazianobis aucilebel etikets. msgavsi frazebi 

gamoxatavs mosaubris damokidebulebas vidre obieqtur referencias, Tu 

risTvis uxdian prezidentebi madlobas winamorbeds. prezidenti klintoni 

1993 wlis sainauguracio sityvaSi buSs ar uxdis madlobas miRwevebisaTvis 

da acxadebs “I salute my predecessor, President Bush” for his half century of service to 

America“, xolo mogvianebiT madlobas milionobiT adamians uxdis “ I thank the 

millions of men and women”. prezidenti jorj buSi umcrosi Tavis mxriv 

madlobas prezident klintons gaweuli samsaxurisaTvis uxdis: “As I begin, I 

thank President Clinton for his service to our nation”. prezidenti obama ki mis 

winamorbed prezident buSs (umcrosi) aseve eris samsaxurSi yofnisTvis, 

guluxvobis da TanamSromlobisaTvis uxdis madlobas “ I thank President Bush 

for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this 

transition. ” 

marTalia, qarTveli prezidentebi madlobas ar uxdian Tavis 

winamorbeds, magram prezidentTa qarTulenovan mimarTvebSi vxvdebiT 

madlierebis gamomxatvel frazebs, rac gamoyenebis sakmaod didi sixSiriT 

gamoirCeva da gxvdeba sxvadasxva forma. qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

ar gvxvdeba madlobis zmnuri forma. madlobis gamomxatveli frazebi 

gadmoicema ZiriTadad kombinaciiT “madlobas mo(v)(g)axseneb(T), aseve 

vxvdebiT arsebiTi saxeliT da zedsarTavi saxeliT gadmocemul 

madlierebis gamomxatvel Tavazian frazebs: 

I) madloba-(s) (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri obieqti) + movaxseneb 

(zmna, Semasmeneli) + obieqti (arsebiTi saxeli, iribi obieqti) 

(1) “did madlobas movaxseneb saqarTvelos patriarqs.” (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

(2) “did madlobas movaxseneb msoflios prezidentebsa da 

saxelmwifo meTaurebs, Cvens ucxoel megobrebs, saqarTvelos 

yvela moqalaqes, ucxoeTSi mcxovreb Tanamemamuleebs, romlebmac 

momiloces saqarTvelos prezidentad arCeva. didi madloba 

115

arCevnebze Camosul meTvalyureebs, Jurnalistebs, arCevnebis 

obieqturad Sefasebisa da gaSuqebisaTvis. didi madloba 

saqarTveloSi akreditebul diplomatiur korpuss, yvela ucxoel 

megobars, sazRvargareTis yvela delegacias da 

warmomadgnelobas.” (e.S. 26.11.1995) 

II) minda (zmna) + madloba (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri obieqti) + 

movaxseno (zmna, Semasmeneli) + iribi obieqti (arsebiTi saxeli) 

(1) “minda madloba movaxseno prezidentebs, parlamentebs, 

diplomatebs, msoflios gamoCenil politikosebs . . . minda 

madloba movaxseno droebiT ucxoeTSi mcxovreb saqarTvelos 

moqalaqeebs.” (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

III) madloba (arsebiTi saxeli) + obieqti (arsebiTi saxeli) 

(1) “madloba jariskacebs da oficrebs, romelnic. . . ; madloba 

maswavleblebs da eqimebs, romelnic . . . madloba Jurnalistebs 

da adamianis uflebebis damcav organizaciebs, mTels Cvens 

samoqalaqo sazogadoebas, romelnic . . . madloba mTel qarTul 

diasporas.” (ms 20.01.2008); 

(2) “didi madloba saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, msoflio 

arasamTavrobo institutebis meTvalyureebs…. . . masmediis 

saSualebebs …. . . madloba Tqven, madloba ufals!” (e.S. 30.04.2000) 

IV) madlieri (zedsarTavi saxeli)+ zmna (yofna zmna) 

(1) “madlieri var saarCevno komisiebis.” (e.S. 26.11.1995) 

V) madliereb–(iT) (arsebiTi saxeli) + zmna + obieqti (arsebiTi 

saxeli) 

(2) “didi madlierebis grZnobiT mivmarTav sruliad saqarTvelos, 

saqarTvelos xalxs, msoflioTanamegobrobis qveynebs, 

gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos megobar qveynebs im didi daxmarebisa 

da TanadgomisaTvis... “(e.S. 26.11.1995) 

116

2.5. deklaraciebi 

deklaraciebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebs prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

yvelaze dabali sixSiriT vxvdebiT (rogorc qarTvel prezidentTa aseve 

amerikel prezidentTa sxvadasxva Janris gamosvlebSi mxolod 1% Seadgens), 

miuxedavad imisa, rom prezidentebs gaaCniaT didi Zalaufleba da SeswevT 

kidec unari Secvalon sakuTari qveyana, zogjer ki mTeli samyaro mxolod 

erTi sityvis meSveobiT, maT gamosvlebSi iSviaTad gamoiyeneba 

deklaraciebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi. Yyvelaze xSirad deklaraciis 

aqtebs vxvdebiT dajildoebisa da Sewyalebis Janris gamosvlebSi. 

Pprezidentma saakaSvilma 2010 wlis 27 ivlis ukrainis umaRlesi 

radis deputati iakov tabaCniki brwyinvalebis saprezidento ordeniT 

daajildova da Semdegi sityvebiT mimarTa, sadac gamoyenebulia 

performativi “gajildoebT”: “qarTveli xalxis saxeliT, qarTveli da 

ukraineli xalxis winaSe damsaxurebisa da qarTuli urTierTobis 

ganmtkicebis saqmeSi Setanili wvlilisaTvis, gajildoebT brwyinvalebis 

saprezidento ordeniT.” (m.s. 27.07.2010) aRniSnuli sityvebis warmoTqmis 

Sedegad icvleba arsebuli realoba da garkveulwilad icvleba radis 

deputatis statusi, iseve rogorc britaneTis yofili premier ministris 

toni bleris statusi eris umaRlesi samoqalaqo jildos, prezidentis 

Tavisuflebis medlis miRebis Sedegad, rac mas jorj buS umcrosma 

gadasca prezidentobis vadis dasasruls Semdegi sityvebiT: “… United States 

honors Tony Blair for his lifelong dedication to build more just and peaceful world”. (G.W.B. 

13.01.2009) 

Seswavlil amerikel prezidentebs Soris prezidenti klintoni 

yvelaze nakleb konservatoria Sewyalebis mimarT. Mman araerTxel gamoiyena 

Sewyalebis ufelbamosileba patimrebis mimarT, gaaTavisufla an Seumsubuqa 

maT ganaCeni. Mmis mier SeiwyalebulTa Sorisaa kema smis pradia, romelmac 

Sewyalebis Semdeg iurisprudencias miyo xeli da axla patimarTa uflebebs 

icavs. (http://imprisonedwomenprisonwatch.blogspot.com/2010/12/pardoned-by-president- 

clinton-ex.html). saqarTveloSi prezidentTa mier Sewyalebis Sesaxeb 

117

gamocemuli brZanebebi ar aris sajarod xelmisawvdomi, Tumca prezidenti 

saakaSvilis mier patimrebis Sewyalebis Sesaxeb gancxadebebi araerTxel 

gaJRerebula sajarod televiziiT. 

unda aRiniSnos, rom prezidentTa gamosvlebSi Zalzed iSviaTad 

gvxvdeba pirdapiri deklaraciis tipis sametyvelo aqti, gadmoicemuli 

performativiT “declare”: 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTi: 

(1) “The enemy has made its intentions clear [1]. At a time when the momentum seemed to 

favor them, al Qaida's top commander in Iraq declared that they will not rest until they 

have attacked us here in Washington [2.] My fellow Americans: We will not rest either 

[3]. We will not rest until this enemy has been deeated [4]. “(G.W. B. 28.01.2008) 

magaliTSi prezidenti buSi amcnobs amerikel xalxs alqaidas 

gancxadebas, rom ar moisveneben voSingqtonze Tavdasxmis ganxorcielebamde. 

gancxadeba garkveulwilad badebs axal viTarebas: eraysa da amerikas 

Soris kidev ufro metad daZabul urTierTobas, aqtiT ibadeba axali 

realoba. amitom, vfiqrob, aRniSnuli gancxadeba SegviZlia ganvixiloT 

deklaraciis tipis sametyvelo aqtad. Tumca, amavdroulad sainteresoa me-4 

aqti, romelic muqaris gamomxatveli komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtiT aris 

gadmocemuli da sadac prezidenti dapirebas iZleva, rom amerikac ar 

moisvenebs sanam mters ar daamarcxebs. Oorive (me-2 da me-4) aqtis 

ilokuciuri mizani da perlokuciuri Sedegi identuria, orive aqti badebs 

axal realobas – erayis da amerikis konfliqtis kidv ufro metad 

gamwvavebasa da gaRrmavebas. 

kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs garkveuli asimetria 

sametyvelo aqtebsa da sametyvelo aqtis zmnebs Soris. yvela sametyvelo 

aqti ar aris yovelTvis warmodgenili sametyvelo aqtis specialuri zmniT 

(SAV). SesaZlebelia konkretuli SAV gansazRvravdes raime tipis 

sametyvelo aqts, romelsac es zmna Tavisi mniSvnelobiT unda 

gansazRvravdes, aramed sxva tipis sametyvelo aqts, anu I declare yovelTvis 

ar gansazRvravs deklaraciis tipis sametyvelo aqts. ganvixiloT Semdegi 

magaliTi: 

118

(2) “Today we can declare: Government is not the problem, and government is not the 

solution. We,- the American people, we are the solution.” (B.C.20.01.1997) 

Pprezidentis gancxadeba, rom mTavroba ar aris problema da arc 

xsna, ar cvlis samyaros, sxva viTarebas ar badebs, rac deklaraciis aqtiT 

undaganxorcieldes. Sesabamisad, sametyvelo aqtis zmna declare ar gamoxatavs 

deklaracias, aramed gadmoscems reprezentativis tipis aqts, romelic 

prezidentis rwmenas gamoxatavs. 

msgavs magaliTebs vxvdebiT qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSic: 

(3) “Cven vacxadebdiT da vacxadebT, drom moitana saqarTveloSi 

federalur sawyisebze saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis aucilebloba.” 

(e.S. 26.11.1995) 

marTalia, prezidenti SevardnaZe iyenebs performativs “vacxadebT”, 

magram Tavad aqti ar aris deklaracia, aramed aris reprezentativis tipis 

sametyvelo aqti, sadac gadmocemulia prezidentis mosazreba, misi xedva, 

Tu rogor xedavs igi realobas. 

ganvixiloT kidev erTi magaliTi: 

(4) “minda sruli pasuximgeblobiT ganvacxado da vaRiaro, rom 

rogorc qveynis mTavarsardalma, ramdenime saaTis win gaveci 

Zalze mtkivneuli brZaneba imis Taobaze, rom arc erTma 

qarTulma SenaerTma, Cveni kontrolis qveS myofma arc erTma 

policiurma da sxva SenaerTma ar gaxsnas sapasuxo cecxli Zalze 

intensiuri dabombvis SesaCerebladac ki.” (m.s.07.08.2008) 

marTalia, magaliTSi gamoyenebulia dekalraciis aqtis 

ganmsazRvreli zmna “gancxadeba”, Tavad aqti ar aris deklaraciis tipis. 

axali viTareba, rom aranair SemTxvevaSi ar gaxsniliyo sapasuxo cecxli 

saqarTvelos mxridan, aris direqtivis perlokuciuri Sedegi. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT sxva sametyvelo aqtis 

ganmsazRvreli performativiT gadmocemul arapirapir deklaraciebs. 

ganvixiloT winadadebebi performativiT “proclaim”. saleqsikono 

mniSvnelobiT “proclaim” niSnavs sajarod gancxadebas, magram konteqstSi 

119

ilokuciuri Zala icvleba da deklaracias utoldeba. qvemoT mocemul 

magaliTebSi proclaim gamoyenebulia present perfect –is droSi, riTac 

gancxadeba ganxorcielebul qmedebas utoldeba. 

(5) “We have proclaimed that every man and woman on this earth has rights and dignity 

and matchless value, because they bear the image of the maker of heaven and Earth”. 

(G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

aRniSnuli gancxadebis implikacia aris Semdegi: gancxadebis 

Sedegad, mamakacs da qals, vinaidan isini Seqmnilni arian RvTis xatad, 

eniWebaT ufleba, Rirseba da usazRvro Rirebuleba dedamiwaze. aRniSnul 

implikacias ganapirobebs swored present perfect-is gamoyeneba, rac gamoxatavs 

ukve Sesrulebul moqmedebas, saidanac gamomdinareobs zemoT aRniSnuli 

Sedegi. 

Present perfect gamoyenebulia Semdeg magaliTSic, aRniSnuli formis 

meSveobiT TviTmmarTveloba, Tanasworoba gancxadebulia imperatiul 

fenomenad, amis Sedegad ki amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi arc erTi adamiani 

ar aris batoni da arc erTi adamiani ar aris mona. Aamdenad, gancxadebiT 

viRebT perlokuciur Sedegs, samyaro modis SesabamisobaSi gancxadebulTan: 

(6) ”Across the generations, we have proclaimed the imperative of self-government, 

because no one is fit to be a master and no one deserves to be a slave. Fancying these 

ideals is the mission that created our nation. .. Now it is the urgent requirement of our 

nation's security and the calling of our time. So it is the policy of the United States to 

seek and support the growth of democratic movements and institutions in every nation 

and culture with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in our world”. (G.W.B. 20.01.2005) 

prezident saakaSvilis diskursSi gvxvdeba frazebi, rogoricaa: 

“gza da gazi yvela sofels”, “ 100 sawarmo da 100 saavadmyofo”, 

“socialuri daxmarebis paketi socialurad daucvel fenas”, “inglisuri 

enis maswavlebeli yvela moswavles” da sxv. msgavsi frazebi konkretul 

mimarTvaSi aRiqmeba dapirebis gamomxatvel komisivad, Tumca Tu frazebs 

kompleqsurad eqstralingvistur WrilSi ganvixilavT, isini deklaraciis 

tipis aqtebadac SegviZlia ganvixiloT, vinaidan frazebis warmoTqmidan 

120

garkveuli periodis Semdeg gancxadebuli garkveulwilad sruldeba. saxeze 

gvaqvs msgavsi frazebis perlokuciuri Sedegi, riTac saqarTveloSi axali 

realoba yalibdeba. 

2.6. sametyvelo aqtebis urTierTmimarTeba da 

hibriduli aqtebi 

Seswavlili masalis kvlevam cxadyo, rom erTi tipis sametyvelo 

aqti prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba ganyenebulad. TiToeuli 

sametyvelo aqti erTmaneTTan aris dakavSirebuli, kavSiri/korelacia ki 

sxvadasxvagvari gvxvdeba. xSiria reprezentativebis da direqtivebis tipis 

aqtebis gamoyeneba erT SetyobinebaSi, Tumca amasTanave mniSvnelovania, rom 

dadgindes sametyvelo aqtebis urTierTmimarTebis gvaroba. K 

kvlevam cxadyo, rom reprezentativebi da direqtivebi saprezidento 

gamosvlebSi ar gamoiyeneba erTsa da imave doneze, maTi wyoba ierarqiulia, 

maTi mimarTeba dominireba-daqvemdebarebulobis formulas efuZneba, sadac 

dominanti aqti direqtivaa, xolo daqvemdebarebuli aqti ki reprezentativis 

tipis aqtebia. ilokuciuri mizani gadmocemulia direqtivaSi, xolo 

reprezentativebi mxolod da mxolod damxmare saSualebaa, rac ZiriTadi 

aqtis motivacias uzrunvelyofs, avsebs saTanado mizezebiT da 

argumentebiT, rac amarTlebs gacemul direqtivas msmenelis mimarT. Tumca 

reprezentatis tipis aqtebi aranakleb mniSvnelovania perlokuciuri 

efeqtis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan swored maTi meSveobiT aris 

SesaZlebeli msmenelis momzadeba direqtivis aqtisaTvis. direqtivis 

gacemamde prezidentebi mimarTaven msmenelis uzrunvelyofas 

direqtivisaTvis saWiro motivaciiT an mizezebiT imisaTvis, rom moxdes 

dagegmili direqtivis gamarTleba. amdenad damokidebuli/daqvemdebarebuli 

aqtebi yovelTvis relevanturia ZiriTadi aqtisaTvis. amasTanave gadacemuli 

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mizezebi unda iyos sakmarisad damajerebeli imisaTvis, rom miRweul iqnas 

sasurveli mizani. ganvixiloT magaliTi: 

(1) “We know we have to face hard truths and take strong steps[1]. But we have not done 

so [2]. Instead, we have drifted, and that drifting has eroded our resources, fractured our 

economy, and shaken our confidence [3]. Though our challenges are fearsome, so are 

our strengths [4]. And Americans have ever been a restless, questing, hopeful people [5]. 

We must bring to our task today the vision and will of those who came before us [6]”. 

(B.C. 20.01.1993) 

zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi gamoyenebulia 6 sametyvelo aqti. 5 aqti 

aris reprezentativis tipis, isini niadags umzadebs me-6 aqts, romelic 

arapirdapiri direqtivis tipiT aris gadmocemuli ”We must bring to our task today 

the vision and will of those who came before us”. Pprezident bil klintonis ZiriTadi 

intencia ilokuciuri mizani aris msmenelisaTvis im Setyobinebis gadacema, 

rom unda Sesruldes winaprebis mier micemuli davaleba amerikeli 

xalxisadmi. niadags ki aRniSnuli direqtivisaTvis amzadebs 

reprezentativis tipis ramdenime aqtis gamoyenebiT. reprezentativis tipis 

aqtebiT aRinusxeba mizezebi, Tu ratom unda Sesruldes direqtiva. 

reprezentativebis gamoyenebiT prezidenti klintoni msmenelSi motivacias 

da enTuziazms aRviZebs. 

Semdeg magaliTSic mTavari Setyobineba msmenelisaTvis aris 

prezident bil klintonis mier gacemuli direqtiva, rom amerikelTa 

TiToeulma Taobam unda gaiTavisos, Tu ras niSnavs amerikeloba, amisaTvis 

prezidenti reprezentativebis gamoyenebiT ganumartavs, Tu ras niSnavda 

amerikeloba damaarsebeli mamebisaTvis da mxolod da mxolod sakuTari 

ganmartebebis micemis Semdeg gascems direqtivas msmenelis mimarT: 

(2) “When our founders boldly declared America's independence to the world and our 

purposes to the Almighty, they knew that America, to endure, would have to change. 

Not change for change's sake, but change to preserve America's ideals; life, liberty, the 

pursuit of happiness. Though we march to the music of our time, our mission is 

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timeless. Each generation of Americans must define what it means to be an American”. 

(B.C. 20.01.1993) 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTebi: 

(3) “As times change, so government must change. We need a new government for a new 

century - humble enough not to try to solve all our problems for us, but strong enough 

to give us the tools to solve our problems for ourselves; a government that is smaller, 

lives within its means, and does more with less . Yet where it can stand up for our 

values and interests in the world, and where it can give Americans the power to make a 

real difference in their everyday lives, government should do more, not less. The 

preeminent mission of our new government is to give all Americans an opportunity,- 

not a guarantee, but a real opportunity to build better lives.” (B.C. 20.01.1993) 

ZiriTadi Setyobineba zemoT mocemul magaliTSi aris is, rom 

cvlilebebTan erTad unda Seicvalos mTavroba, rac direqtivis aqtiT aris 

gadmocemuli pirvelive winadadebaSi. reprezentativis tipis Semdegi 

aqtebiT xdeba ganmarteba, Tu ra tipis mTavrobaa saWiro sasurveli 

Sedegebis misaRwevad. reprezentativebi amavdroulad garkveulwilad 

amarTlebs gacemul direqtivas imis mtkicebiT, rom saWiroa iseTi 

mTavroba, romelic iqneba imdenad Zlieri, rom SeZlebs xalxisaTvis ara 

mxolod problemebis mogvarebas, aramed problemebis mogvarebis 

saSualebas/unars gadascems maT, raTa Tavad SeZlon problemebis gadaWra. 

saWiroa mTavroba, romelic amerikeli xalxis Rirebulebebs da interesebs 

daicavs. prezidenti direqtiuli deontikuri modaluri zmniT (am 

konkretul konteqstSi - government should do more not less) kidev erTxel iZleva 

direqtivas mTavrobis mimarT, rom mTavrobam unda meti gaakeTos 

xalxisaTvis da misces maT ukeTesi cxovrebis SesaZlebloba da ara 

mxolod garantiebi. 

Semdegi magaliTi (4) moicavs 4 sametyvelo aqts, aqedan 3 sametyvelo 

aqti, romelic reprezentativis tipisaa, amzadebs niadags direqtivisaTvis, 

romelic bolo me-4 aqtSia gamoxatuli: 

123

(4) “From this joyful mountaintop of celebration, we hear a call to service in the valley [1]. 

We have heard the trumpets[2]. We have changed the guard [3]. And now, each in our 

way, and with God's help, we must answer the call [4]”. (B.C.20.01.1993) 

prezidenti gamsaxurdiac sametyvelo aqtebis mimarTebis igive 

models iyenebs, rodesac igi saubrobs komunisturi ideologiis sameurneo 

wyobis problemebis Sesaxeb, ramac zegavlena moaxdina qarTvel glexze da 

aseve iZleva problemis gadaWris gzas direqtiviT “miwa unda daubrundes 

glexs”: 

(5) “dRes erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi da mtkivneuli problemaa miwis 

sakiTxi. komunisturi ideologiis CarCoebSi momwyvdeulma, 

ZaladobiT Tavsmoxveulma sameurneo wyobam qarTvel glexs 

waarTva yvelaze mTavari- miwa da Tavisufleba, SeaZula Sroma. . . 

. . miwa unda daubrundes glexs. yovlmxriv unda Seewyos xeli 

soflad sxvadasxva asociaciebis, gaerTianebebis Seqmnas da 

funqcionirebas.” (z.g. 07.06.1991) 

amdenad, direqtivebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi saprezidento 

gamosvlebSi dominant aqtebad gvevlineba. direqtivebi prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi ZiriTadad ar gvevlineba gancalkevebulad, isini yovelTvis 

gamyarebulia sxva sametyvelo aqtebiT. inglisurenovan gamosvlebSi 

metwilad gvxvdeba urTierTmimarTeba reprezentativebsa da direqtivebs 

Soris, xolo qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebis SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa 

direqtivebisa da komisivebis tipis aqtebis urTierTmimarTeba. am mxriv 

gamoirCeva prezident SevardnaZis sainauguracio gamosvlebi: prezidenti 

SevardnaZe uamrav dapirebas iZleva. damajereblobisaTvis statistikur 

informaciasac iSveliebs, sakmaod bevri dapirebis Semdeg igi direqtivebis 

gacemaze gadadis, romelic mimarTulia “planetis yvela binadarisadmi”: 

(6) “ . . . momuSaveTaricxovneba . . …. 1 milioniT gaizrdeba da 

umuSevrobis done 5 procents, anu normalur zRvars 

miuaxlovdeba. … . . . sabiujeto sferoSi dasaqmebulTa xelfasi . . 

. 200 laramde gaizrdeba, xolo arasabiujeto seqtorSi – 250-300 

124

lars miaRwevs … . . pensiebi gadaaWarbebs aucilebel 

“samomxmareblo kalaTis Rirebulebas . . . daxmarebebi 

warimarTeba mizanmimarTulad da pirvel rigSi Seexeba 

mosaxleobis gansakuTrebiT gaWirvebul fenebs. saerTaSoriso 

safinanso organizaciebis xelSewyobiTa da mxardaWeriT 

ganxorcieldeba jandacvis, ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, kulturis 

sruli cxovrebis es sferoebi ifunqcionireben ganviTarebul 

sabazro urTierTobebTan sruli SesatyvisobiT. uaxloes wlebSi 

kidev amaRldeba saqarTvelos rogorc damoukidebeli, 

suverenuli, demokratiuli qveynis imiji saerTaSoriso asparezze. 

Mme am tribunidan mivmarTav Cveni planetis yvela binadars, yvela 

mTavrobas, saxelmwifoTa meTaurebs: ufro energiulad 

vibrZoloT axali msoflios demokratiuli wesrigisaTvis . . .. 

movuwodeb msoflio sazogadoebas … . . . SeimuSaon . . . 

msoflioSi terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis . . . . (RonisZiebebi)“. 

(e.S. 26.11.1995) 

ganvixiloT Semdegi magaliTi: 

(7) “mokled rom vTqvaT, ra Tqma unda, gadasaxadis gadaxda aris 

yvela mewarmis monawileoba sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi da es 

yvelas valia [1]. Tu ara gadasaxadebis gadaxda, ver SevqmniT 

ganaTlebis karg sistemas [2], ver gveqneba kargi jandacva da 

socialuri dacva [3], ver avaSenebT gzebs [4], ver SevqmniT axal 

turistul infrastruqturas [5], ver SevqmniT keTildReobis 

safuZvlebs [6], ver avaSenebT rkinigzebs da a. S. [7]. Uudavoa, rom 

sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi wvlilis Setana yvelas valia, maT 

Soris, samewarmeo saqmianobaSi Cabmuli TiToeuli piris vali [8]. 

saxelmwifom gadamxdels xeli ki ar unda wauWiros yelSi, 

aramed xeli unda Cakidos da rogorc WeSmariti partniorebi, 

erTad unda gavidnen samSvidobos [9].” (m.s. 03.12.2010) 

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pirveli aqti reprezentativis tipis aqtia, romelic aRwers 

prezident saakaSvilis xedvas da rwmenas, rom mewarmis valia gadaixados 

gadasaxadi, rac Tavis mxriv sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi mewarmeTa 

Tanamonawileoba aris. Semdegi 6 aqti ukve komisivis tipis aqtebia, sadac 

aRnusxulia, Tu risi gakeTeba ver moxerxdeba mewarmeebis mier 

gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi, rac kidev ufro TvalnaTliv 

aCvenebs mewarmeebs da ara mxolod maT, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani 

gadasaxadebis gadaxda. Semdegi aqti kvlav isev reprezentativis tipisaa, 

riTac prezidenti kidev erTxel aRniSnavs misi rwmenis Sesaxeb, rom 

TiToeuli adamiani Tanabrad unda iyos CarTuli sazogadoebis 

ganviTarebaSi, aqtis ilokuciuri mizani xalxSi, msmenelSi 

Tanamonawileobis survilis gaCena da motivaciis aRZvraa. saTanado 

informaciis miwodebis Semdeg prezidenti direqtivebis gacemaze gadadis 

(me-9 aqti), sadac igi mewarmeebsa (zogadad xalxs) da mTavrobas mouwodebs, 

rom maT unda iTanamSromlon, raTa miRweul iqnes yvelasTvis sasurveli 

Sedegi. amdenad, me-7 magaliTi naTlad aCvenebs sametyvelo aqtebis 

urTierTkavSirsa da urTierTmimarTebas, perlokuciuri Sedegis misaRwevad 

Tu raoden integrirebulni da urTierTdamokidebulni arian isini 

erTmaneTze. Tumca, direqtivebi urTierTmimarTebaSi gamoirCevian 

TaviseburebiT, kerZod, ZiriTad/ dominant aqtebad gvevlinebian. 

126

II TavisDdaskvna 

prezidentTa gamosvlebis sametyvelo aqtTa Teoriis TvalsazrisiT 

kvlevam cxadyo Semdegi: 

1.1. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo 

aqtis gamoyeneba raodenobrivad dominirebs prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi. qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

reprezentativebi 51% Seadgens, xolo amerikel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi ki 63%. vxvdebiT reprezentativis mravalferovan 

tipebs, romelic sxvadasxva performatiuli zmniT (pirdapiri 

saxiT, eqspliciturad), zogjer ki performatiuli zmnis 

gareSe (arapirdapir, impliciturad) aris gadmocemuli. 

reprezentativebis Semcveli masala or ZiriTad tipad iyofa: 

1) performatiuli zmnis Semcveli reprezentativebi. 

reprezentativebi, gadmocemuli Semdegi zmnebiT: mjera, 

mwams (believe); vici (know); vTvli, vfiqrob, mimaCnia (think) 

2) reprezentativebi, gadmocemuli performatiuli zmnis 

gareSe: 


b) kuTvnilebiTi zmniT –qona, yola/ have; 

g) sintaqsurad martivi da/an rTuli SVO struqturebiT. 

1.2. ilokuciuri Zalis maidentificirebeli/ ganmsazRvreli 

xerxebidan (Illocutionary Force Identification Device – IFIDs) 

reprezentativis tipis aqtis gadmosacemad performativebis 

gamoyenebasTan erTad prezidentebi iyeneben sityvaT-wyobas 

sasurveli aqcentebis gasakeTeblad, sasurveli ilokuciuri 

miznebis miRwevis mizniT. 

127

1.3. reprezentativebi prezidentTa diskursSi gadmoicema 

reprezentativisTvis damaxasiaTebeli verbaluri qmedebebis 

gamomxatveli zmnebiT iseve, rogorc sxva aqtebis verbalur 

qmedebebSi Semavali zmnebiT. zogjer reprezentativebis tipis 

aqtebi gadmocemulia deskribciuli xasiaTisa da kauzaluri 

mimarTebis mqone sintaqsurad martiv da/an rTul pasaJebSi, 

qronologiur narativSi, sadac ar gamoiyeneba uSualod 

reprezentaciis gamomxatveli performativebi, Tumca 

prezidentebi aRweren arsebul realobas da msmenels 

uziareben maT damokidebulebasa da rwmenas. 

1.4. reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi gansxvavdeba 

WeSmaritebis xarisxis, mtkicebis gaZliereba/gaRrmavebis an 

Sesusteba/Serbilebis mixedviT, rac miiRweva leqsikuri da 

sintaqsuri zRudeebis gamoyenebiT. 

2.1. reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis Semdeg komisivebi 

yvelaze xSirad aris realizebuli saprezidento gamosvlebSi. 

komisivebs didi sixSiriT vxvdebiT, rogorc qarTvel (22%), 

aseve amerikel (18%) prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. 

prezidenTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba: 

1) pirdapiri/eqsplicituri 

2) arapirdapiri/implicituri komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi. 

2.2 1. pirdapiri (eqsplicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi 

gamoixateba Semdegi performatiuli zmnebis, Sesabamisi 

formulebiT: 

a) komisivebi gamoxatuli performativiT “ Pledge” I /WE + V (Pledge)); 

“pirobis/ficis micema”, (me/Cven + zmna ( pirobis micema/ficis 

dadeba); 

b) komisivi gadmocemuli performativiT – “offer” I /WE +Verb (offer)); 

“vTavazob/ gTavazobT”; (me/Cven + zmna (gTavazob(T)). 

2. arapirdapiri (implicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi. 

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a) prezidentebi eridebian muqaris gamomxatveli pirdapiri 

sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebas da amjobineben, rom muqara 

gamoxaton SefarviT, arapirdapir/impliciturad, zogjer ki 

metaforulad. 

b) dapirebis gamomxatveli komisivi xSirad ar aris 

gadmocemuli performativiT ”gpirdebiT”, aramed 

sxvadasxva zmnebis meSveobiT, romelTac sxvadasxva 

denotaciuri mniSvneloba gaaCniaT, Tumca konteqstSi 

garkveulwilad dapirebis mniSvnelobas iZenen. 

kvlevis Sedegad prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

gamovyavi dapirebis gamomxatveli Semdegi tipis 

komisivebi: 

I ) Cven + zmna (momaval formaSi); We +WILL+VERB 

II) Cven + zmna (momaval uaryofiT formaSi); 


III) me + zmna (momaval formaSi); I +WILL +VERB 

IV) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval dadebiT 

formaSi); NOUN+WILL+VERB 

IV jgufis calke qvejgufSi Sedis aseve 

zmna/Semasmeneli (momaval formaSi) + qvemdebare 

formuliT gadmocemuli miukerZoebeli stilis 

frazebi da winadadebebi, romlebsac qarTveli 

prezidentebis gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT da sadac ar 

Cans danapirebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

V) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval uaryofiT 

formaSi); NOUN+WILL+NOT + VERB 

2.3 komisivis orive tipis aqtebSi piris deiqsisi mniSvnelovan rols 

TamaSobs qmedebis Semsrulebeli subieqtis dadgenis 

TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli qvetipis komisivebSi mravlobiTi 

ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli “Cven” gamiznulad 

129

gamoiyeneba rogorc inkluziurad, aseve eqskluziurad da 

garkveul konceptualur cvlilebas sZens gamonaTqvamis 

mniSvnelobas. inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebis 

SemTxvevaSi xalxi xdeba qmedebis nawili, xolo eqskluziuris 

SemTxvevaSi danapiris Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebloba ekisreba 

prezidentsa da mTavrobas. mxolobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxelis “me” gamoyenebiT xdeba prezidentebis mier 

dapirebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobis mxolod sakuTar 

Tavze aReba. 

2.4 prezidentTa gamosvlebSi moqmedebiT da vnebiT gvarTan erTad 

prezidentTa inglisur da qarTulenovan gamosvlebSi 

gamoiyeneba saSuali gvari, rac gamiznulia moqmedi pirebis 

impersonifikaciaze moqmedebis Semsrulebeli agensebis 

armiTiTebis gziT. Tumca, msgavsi miukerZoebeli dapirebebi 

xSirad hibriduli tipisaa da erTdroulad moicavs rogorc 

moqmedebiT, aseve vnebiT da saSual gvars. 

2.5 vinaidan komisivebi ZiriTadad aris dapireba momavalSi 

garkveuli qmedebebis gatarebisa, rogorc amerikel, aseve 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi komisivis tipis sametyvelo 

aqtebis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba momavali drois formebi. 

2.6 komisivis sametyvelo aqtebi zogjer gamyarebulia stilisturi 

xerxebiT, rogoricaa: personifikacia da metafora, rac frazebs 

met gamomxatevelobasa da eqspresiulobas sZens. 

3.1 prezidentTa gamosvlebSi direqtivebis gamoyeneba qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi Seadgens 17%, xolo inglisur enovan 

empiriul masalaSi 13% procents. Ddireqtivebi prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi dominant aqtebad gvevlinebian da gamoyenebis 

garkveuli TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva. direqtivebis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebi saprezidento gamosvlebSi ZiriTad aqtebad 

130

gvevlineba. direqtivebi prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba 

gancalkevebulad, isini yovelTvis gamyarebulia sxva sametyvelo 

aqtebiT. inglisurenovan gamosvlebSi metwilad gvxvdeba 

urTierTmimarTeba reprezentativebs da direqtivebs Soris, xolo 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebis SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa 

direqtivebisa da komisivebis tipis aqtebis urTierTmimarTeba. 

3.2 prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba mkacri direqtivebi, kerZod 

direqtivebis verbaluri aqtebi, gamoxatuli pirdapir 

performatiuli zmnebiT: brZaneba (order, command), Txovna (request). 

prezidentebi gamosvlebSi Serbilebul direqtivebs mimarTaven, 

romlebsac ufro mowodebebis forma aqvT. zogjer mowodebebi 

gadmoicema pirdapir performativiT “mogiwodebT”, xolo 

amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi performativi “ask” meSveobiT. 

prezidentebis mimarTvebSi vxvdebiT aseve mowodebis gamomxatvel 

frazebs, sadac gamoyenebuli ar aris konkretuli sametyvelo 

aqtis Sesabamisi performativi da sametyvelo aqti impliciturad 

aris gadmocemuli amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi deontikuri 

direqtiuli modalobis gziT, romelic gamoxatulia 

konstruqciiT LET US + VERB, xolo qarTvel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi kombinaciiT Mmo-di-T + zmna. 

3.3 direqtivebi prezidentTa gamosvlebSi zogjer ufro Zlieri 

valdebulebis gamomxatveli modaluri zmniT gadmoicema, 

rogoricaa “must “/ “unda”. qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

nawilaki “unda” gamoiyeneba zmnasTan kombinaciaSi, sadac is 

moqmedebis an mdgomareobis saWiroebas da aucileblobas 

gamoxatavs. sxva aqtebis msgavsad, direqtivis tipis sametyvelo 

aqtebis ganxilvisas aseve mniSvnelovania piris deiqsisze 

dakvirveba, konkretulad ki pirveli piris mravlobiTi ricxvis 

nacvalsaxelis inkluziur da eqskluziur gamoyenebaze, rac 

damatebiT konotaciebs matebs winadadebebs. kvlevis Sedegad 

gamovyavi direqtiuli sametyvelo aqtebis Semdegi qvetipebi, 

131

omelic modaluri zmniT “must” /“unda” aris formulirebuli: 

(qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi arapirdapiri direqtiuli 

aqtebi gadmoicema “unda” nawilakis kombinaciiT 

srulmniSvnelovan zmnasTan, sadac is saWiroebas da 

aucileblobas gamoxatavs). 

I) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + (ar) unda + zmna; WE + MUST (+NOT) 

+VERB, sadac Cven/ WE gvxvdeba rogorc eqskluziuri, aseve 

inkluziuri mniSvnelobiT; eqskluziuri nacvalsaxeliT 

gadmocemuli brZanebis SemTxvevaSi brZanebis Semsrulebeli 

subieqti aris prezidenti mTavrobasTan erTad, xolo 

inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis Cven/ WE gamoyenebiT, brZanebis 

Semsrulebel subieqtTa rigs emateba Tavad msmeneli, adresati. 


III) arsebiTi + unda + zmna (momaval formaSi); 

Noun +MUST +VERB 

III jgufis direqtivebSi Sedis agreTve formuliT “unda + 

zmna” gamoxatuli direqtivebi, romlebic qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba. aseTi tipis 

direqtivebi miukerZoebeli stilis aris, sadac ar Cans 

Tu visken aris mimarTuli direqtivebi, viszea gaTvlili 

brZanebis perlokuciuri Sedegi, vin aris gacemuli 

brZanebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

3.4 calke jgufad gamoiyofa emociurad datvirTuli direqtivebi, 

romelebiTac prezidentTa gamosvlebi sruldeba. esenia 

prezidenTa gamosvlebis damamTavrebeli frazebi, rac 

prezidentTa sityvis sxvadasxva Janris damaxasiaTebeli da 

aucilebeli elementia. damamTavrebeli frazebi ZiriTadad 

locva-kurTxevis formulebiT aris warmodgenili, sadac 

gamoyenebulia Zlieri ilokuciuri Zalis sityvebi, rogoricaa: 

dalocva, gamarjveba, mfarveloba. 

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4.1 procentuli maCveneblis mixedviT rigiT meoTxe aqti, romelic 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSia aris realizebuli eqspresivebia. 

saprezidento gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba rogorc moraluri 

damokidebulebis, aseve emociuri damokidebulebis 

gamomxatveli eqspresiuli aqtebi. M 

4.2 prezidentTa gamosvlebSi moraluri damokidebulebis 

gamomxatveli eqspresiuli aqtebi gadmoicema misalmebis 

Tavaziani frazebiT. misalmeba prezidentTa nebismier sityvaSi 

aucilebel elements warmoadgens. misalmebis frazebi 

mosaubris moraluri pasuxismgeblobis grZnobidan 

gamomdinareobs, rom miesalmos, gamoxatos damswre 

sazogadoebisadmi, an msmenelisadmi misi aRfrTovaneba an 

dadebiTi damokidebuleba, rom moxarulia maTi misalmebiT. 

ilokuciuri aqti am SemTxvevaSi aris is rom, mosaubres surs 

miesalmos msmenels, agrZnobinos, rom masTan pirdapiri an 

virtualuri Sexvedra uxaria, perlokuciuri efeqti ki 

msmenelSi dadebiTi damokidebulebis sapasuxo dadebiTi 

reaqciis aRZvraa. misalmeba zogjer gamoixateba sametyvelo 

aqtis zmniT (performativiT) eqspliciturad, zogjer ki 

misalmeba impliciturad, yovelgvari performatiuli zmnis 

gamoyenebis gareSe xdeba. 

a) pirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri sametyvelo 

aqtebi gamoxatuli performativiT “mogesalmebiT” ; “salute”; 

“welcome”. 

formulebi: 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi 

I) sityva-winadadeba, romelic konstruqciulad subieqtur 

predikatiuli tipisaa (Tumca es mxolod da mxolod 

qarTulenovan mimarTvebSi gvxvdeba, vinaidan cnobilia, rom 

inglisur enaSi moqmedi da moqmedeba aucileblad ori 

sityvaformiT gamoixateba) 

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II) zmna (v-e-salm-eb-i) + obieqti 

III) minda + mi-v-e-salm-o + obieqti 

IV) nacvalsaxeli (me) + zmna (mivesalmebi) + obieqti 

xolo amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi 

formulebi: 

I) I/WE + SALUTE/WELCOME + OBJECT 

b) arapirdapiri (implicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri 

sametyvelo aqtebi sametyvelo aqtis zmnis gareSe. 

sagulisxmoa, rom misalmebis an mimarTvis zogierT 

frazaSi eqspresiuli sametyvelo aqtis Tavad performatiuli 

zmna mogesalmebiT (mivesalmebi, vesalmebi, greet, salute, welcome) ar 

aris naxsenebi. Aam tipis mimarTvebisas prezidentebi ierarqiul 

wyobas iyeneben. 

4.3. prezidentTa mimarTvebSi emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi gadmoicema madlierebis gamomxatveli 

Tavaziani frazebiT. 

a. pirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli emociuri sametyvelo 


kvlevis Sedegad amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

gamoikveTa Semdegi formulebiT gadmocemuli pirdapiri 

eqspresiuli emociuri aqtebi: 

I) Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase + (Preposition (FOR)) 

II) Pronoun (I/ WE) +Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase 

III) Pronoun (I)+ Verb (THANK)+ Object + Preposition (FOR) + Noun 

Phrase 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sityva “Thank” gvxvdeba aseve ara 

rogorc performatiuli zmna, aramed rogorc arsebiTi saxeli, 

qvemoT mocemulia madlierebis gamomxatveli frazebis ori 

qvetipi, sadac gamoyenebulia formulebi Thanks + for + smth da 

Give+thanks+ for +smth 

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prezidentTa qarTulenovan mimarTvebSi vxvdebiT 

madlierebis gamomxatvel frazebs, rac gamoyenebis sakmaod 

didi sixSiriT gamoirCeva da sxvadasxva stuqturuli 

formebiT gadmoicema. qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar 

gvxvdeba “madloba” zmnuri formiT (gmadlobT), madlobis 

gamomxatveli frazebi gadmoicema ZiriTadad kombinaciiT 

“madlobas mo(v)(g)axseneb(T), Tumca vxvdebiT arsebiTi 

saxeliT da zedsarTavi saxeliT gadmocemul madlierebis 

gamomxatvel Tavazian frazebs. kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda 

Semdegi formulebi: 

I) madloba-s (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri obieqti) + 

movaxseneb (zmna, Semasmeneli) + obieqti (arsebiTi saxeli, 

iribi obieqti) 

II) minda (zmna) + madloba (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri 

obieqti) + movaxseno (zmna, Semasmeneli) + iribi obieqti 

(arsebiTi saxeli) 



V) madliereb–(iT) (arsebiTi saxeli) + zmna + obieqti 


5. deklaraciebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebs prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi yvelaze dabali sixSiriT vxvdebiT (1%). 

raodenobivad meti deklaracia dajildovebis da Sewyalebis 

Janris prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gxvdeba. Zalze iSviaTad gvxvdeba 

pirdapiri deklaraciis tipis sametyvelo aqti, gadmocemuli 

performativiT “declare”, “vacxadebT”. amavdroulad aRniSnuli 

performativi yovelTvis ar gulisxmobs deklaraciis sametyvelo 

aqtis arsebobas. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT sxva 

sametyvelo aqtis ganmsazRvreli performativiT gadmocemul 

arapirapir deklaraciebs, gamoxatuls zmniT “proclaim”. gramatikuli 

kategoriis, kerZod, swori drois SerCeva SeiZleba xels uwyobdes 

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perlokuciuri Sedegis miRwevas. direqtivis da komisivis tipis 

aqtebis kompleqsuri ganxilva eqstralingvistur WrilSi gvaZlevs 

safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom aRniSnuli aqtebi, amave dros 

warmoadgenen deklaraciis tipis aqtebs. 

6. prezidentTa diskursSi sametyvelo aqtebi integrirebulad 

gamoiyeneba Setyobinebebis perlokuciuri Sedegis misaRwevad. 

aqtebs Soris arsebobs kavSiri da urTierTmimarTeba, rac 

dominireba-daqvemdebarebulobis principzea agebuli. direqtivebi 

gvevlineba dominant aqtebad, vinaidan swored direqtivebi 

gadascemen msmenels Sesasrulebel miTiTebas, Tumca prezidentTa 

diskursSi direqtivebTan erTad aranakleb mniSvnelovania sxva 

aqtebis gamoyeneba, vinaidan TiToeul aqts akisria Sesabamisi 

relevanturi misia imisaTvis, rom adresatsa da adresants Soris 

Sedges warmatebuli urTierTgagebineba. am mxriv unda gamoiyos 

direqtivebisa da reprezentativebis urTierTmimarTeba: 

ilokuciuri mizani gadmoicema direqtivaSi, xolo 

reprezentativebi aris damxmare saSualeba, rac ZiriTadi aqtis 

motivacias uzrunvelyofs, avsebs saTanado mizezebiT da 

argumentebiT, rac amarTlebs gacemul direqtivas msmenelis 

mimarT. Tumca reprezentativis tipis aqtebi aranakleb 

mniSvnelovania perlokuciuri efeqtis miRwevis TvalsazrisiT, 

vinaidan swored maTi meSveobiT aris SesaZlebeli msmenelis 

momzadeba direqtivis aqtis misaRebad. direqtivis gacemamde 

saWiroa direqtivis gamarTleba da msmenelis uzrunvelyofa 

direqtivisaTvis saWiro motivaciiT an mizezebiT, rac 

reprezentativebis, zogjer ki komisivebis aqtebiT aris 

SesaZlebeli. 

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saerTo daskvna 

1. prezidentTa gamosvlebi aris (sasurvelia) mWermetyvelebis nimuSi, 

romelic TavisTavSi aerTianebs mizans-daarwmunos msmeneli 

verbaluri saSualebiT da miaRwios konsensuss sazogadoebaSi 

arsebuli normebis da Rirebulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. prezidentTa 

gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos dagegmili an daugegmavi metyvelebis nimuSi. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc Sida-jgufuri aseve 

gare-jgufuri politikuri komunikaciis nimuSi, vinaidan isini 

SesaZlebelia mimarTuli iyos politikosebis an qveynis 

mosaxleobisadmi. aseve prezidentTa gamosvlebi SeiZleba iyos Sida- 

saxelmwifoebrivi an/da gare-saxelmwifoebrivi. prezidentTa 

gamosvlebi amave dros aris araukuqceviTi diskursis nimuSi. 

yovelive es metyvelebs prezidentTa gamosvlebis pragma-lingisturi 

ganxilvis saWiroebaze eqstralingvisturi, socio-politikuri da 

kulturuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 

2. naSromSi prezidentTa gamosvlebis analizi Janrobrivi 

klasifikaciis mizniT efuZneba Semdeg maxasiaTeblebs: kompoziciuri 

struqtura; Sinaarsobrivi plani; ritorikuli gamiznuloba; stili; 

socio-politikuri da kulturul garemoebebi. aseve yuradReba 

gamaxvilebulia pragmatikul aspeqtebze, kerZod, ra warmoadgens 

mimarTvis sakomunikacio gamiznulobas da rogori perlokuciuri 

efeqtis miRweva surs mTqmels. empiriuli masalis aRniSnuli 

aspeqtebis kvlevis Sedegad naSromSi gamoiyofa prezidentTa 

gamosvlebis 10 Janri da gaanalizebulia TiToeuli cal-calke. es 

Janrebia: 

1. sainauguracio gamosvla 

2. winasaarCevno kampaniis dros warmoTqmuli sityva 

3. sityva-angariSi 

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4. sityva – mimarTva 

5. milocva/ misamZimreba 

6. Sewyaleba/ dajildoeba 

7. veto-Setyobineba 

8. omis ritorika 

9. impiCmentis Setyobineba 

10. gamosamSvidobebeli gamosvla 

3. referenciuli funqcia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi realizdeba 

faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemiT, romelic zogjer gamyarebulia 

statistikuri monacemebiT, rac met damajereblobas sZens 

gamosvlas da rasac gamosvlis daaxloebiT erTi mesamedi nawili 

ukavia. 

4. prezidentTa sxvadasxva gamosvlaSi informatiulobis done 

gansxvavebulia. 

5. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi referenciuli funqcia metwilad 

reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebiT aris gadmocemuli, 

vinaidan swored reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi 

emsaxureba faqtobrivi informaciis gadacemas. 

6. emociuri funqciis realizacia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

xorcieldeba enis sxvadasxva doneze, risTvisac gamoiyeneba 

stilisturi Rirebulebis mqone enobrivi erTeulebi, Sesityvebebi, 

frazebi, martivi an rTuli konstruqciebi, winadadebebi. maTi 


7. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi emociuri funqciis realizeba sityvis 

doneze Semdegnairad xorcieldeba: sityvis denotaciur 

mniSvnelobasTan erTad gansakuTrebiT sainteresod gamoiyeneba 

138

sityvis rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi konotaciuri 

mniSvnelobebi, Warbad gamoiyeneba saleqsikono da konteqstualuri 

(metafora), iseve rogorc, logikuri da emociuri (epiTeti) 

mniSvnelobebis urTierTqmedebebi. 

8. emociuri funqcia winadadebis doneze realizdeba eqspresiuli, 

gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT da stilisturi xerxebiT, 

romelTagan sWarbobs antiTeza, paraleluri konstruqciebi da 


9. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi prezidentTa mimarTvebis 

aucilebeli elementi – emociurad datvirTuli damamTavrebeli 

frazebi, rac locva-kurTxevis formulebiT aris warmodgenili da 

rac msmenelSi dadebiT emociebs aRZravs. 

10. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis konatiuri funqcia zogjer 

gadmocemulia ritorikuli SekiTxvebiT, rac gamiznulia adresatze 

zemoqmedebis misaRwevad da miznad isaxavs msmenelis CarTulobis 

gazrdas, maTSi garkveuli grZnobebisa da damokidebulebis aRZvras. 


oTxi tipis kiTxviTi struqturiT gadmoicema, xolo qarTulenovan 

gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT mxolod kiTxviTsityvian winadadebebs. 

11. enis konatiuri funqcia vlindeba msmenelisadmi mimarTul 

mowodebebsa da direqtivebSi. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi 

Sesabamisi formulebiT gamoxatuli mowodebebis da direqtivebis 

qvetipebi. 

12. mowodebebisa da direqtivebis gacemisas prezidentebi msmenelis 

yuradRebis gamaxvilebis mizniT aqtiurad iyeneben sxvadasxva 

sintaqsur eqspresiul saSualebas da stilistur xerxs, rogoricaa 

139

magaliTad, stilisturi CamonaTvali, anaforuli gameoreba da 

paraleluri konstruqciebi, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs auditoriis 

yuradRebas Setyobinebis Sinaarsze. 

13. fatikuri funqcia prezidentTa gamosvlebSi realizdeba, rogorc 

mimarTvis dasawyisSi, ise Sua da bolo nawilebSi. 

14. kvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi frazebis ramdenime klasi, romelic 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis fatikur funqcias asrulebs. 

prezidentTa, rogorc inglisurenovan aseve qarTulenovan 

mimarTvebSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba I) madlierebis gamomxatveli 

Tavaziani frazebi da II) misalmebis gamomxatveli frazebi. 

analizis Sedegad aRniSnuli frazebi struqturis mixedviT davyavi 

ramdenime qvetipad Sesabamisi formulebiT. 

15. xSirad fatikuri funqciis realizacia eqspresivis tipis sametyvelo 

aqtebiT xorcieldeba. 

16. saprezidento gamosvlebSi enis fatikuri funqcia xSirad piris 

deiqsis meSveobiT realizdeba. 

17. empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom 

prezidentTa mimarTvebSi mravlobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris 

nacvalsaxelis “Cven/WE” gamoyeneba 5.4 –jer aRemateba mxolobiTi 

ricxvis pirveli piris “me/I” gamoyenebas. mravlobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis mimarTeba mxolobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxelTan Semdegnairad gamoiyureba: Cven/WE – 

84 %; me/I- 16% 

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18. pirveli piris mxolobiTi nacvalsaxeli “me/I” ar gamoiyeneba 

maRali sixSiriT, mas vxvdebiT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac 

referencia mxolod mTqmelzea, prezidentis mier konkretul 

faqtze garkveuli pasuximgeblobis aRebis an pirovnuli 

damokidebulebis gamoxatvis SemTxvevaSi konkretul movlenasTan 

mimarTebaSi. 

19. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gadaWarbebulad gamoiyeneba pirveli piris 

mravlobiTi nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE,” misi gamoyeneba fatikur 

funqcias asrulebs da kidev ufro aaxloebs msmenels 

mosaubresTan. prezidentTa mimarTvebSi nacvalsaxelis “Cven/WE” 

gamoyeneba uCens msmenels imis gancdas, rom is Tavadac qveyanaSi 

mimdinare politikuri procesebis da dinamikis nawilia. 

20. nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE” sakmaod farTo mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba. 

konteqstidan gamomdinare, nacvalsaxeli “Cven/WE” sxvadasxva 

mniSvnelobas iZens. Kkvlevis Sedegad gamovyavi 

I) inkluziuri “Cven/WE” (mosaubre + msmeneli = prezidenti + 

auditoria + yvela) 

II) eqskluziuri Cven “Cven/WE” (mosaubre + sxv(ebi)a - msmeneli = 

prezidenti + mTavroba) 

21. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi metalingvisturi funqcia saTanado 

registris, stilis (oficialuri, araoficialuri, neitraluri, 

amaRlebuli stili) da metaenis SerCevaSi vlindeba, rodesac 

prezidentebi saubroben saerTo Temebis irgvliv, rogoricaa 

qveynis da eris Rirebulebebi, sikeTis (demokratiis) brZola 

borotebis (tiraniis) winaaRmdeg da sxv. saprezidento gamosvlebSi 

sakmaod xSiria amaRlebuli stilis gamoyeneba. amaRlebul stils 

xSirad citatebis, aluziebis, metaforebis da sxva stilisturi Tu 

141

eqspresiuli saSualebebis gamoyeneba qmnis, rac poeturobasa da 

eqspresiulobas sZens naTqvams da Sesabamisad xdeba enis poeturi 

da/an emociuri funqciis realizebac. 

22. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis poeturi funqcia Zalzed xSirad aris 

realizebuli. poeturi funqcia gamoixateba: 

a) fonetikuri gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebi da stilisturi 

xerxebiT, rogoricaa: aliteracia, riTma, ritmi. 

b) sintaqsuri eqspresiuli gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebiT da 

stilisturi xerxebiT, romelTaganac sWarbobs paraleluri 

konstruqciebi, anaforuli gameoreba, polisindetoni; 

g) myari sityvaTSeTanxmebebiT, rogoricaa: kliSe, andazebi, citatebi, 

da literaturuli, istoriuli, religiuri aluziebi. 

23. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi enis eqvsive funqcia - referenciuli, 

emociuri, konatiuri, fatikuri, metalingvisturi, poeturi 

funqcia - aqtiurad realizdeba da aris korelaciaSi erTmaneTTan. 

prezidentebis mier msmenelisaTvis gadacemuli faqtobrivi 

informacia emociurad, eqspresiulad, poeturad datvirTulia, ris 

Sedegad prezidentebi msmenelSi saTanado, sasurvel reaqcias 

aRZraven, amas garkveulwilad maTi metaenac ganapirobebs. 

msmenelTan kavSirs fatikuri funqciiT, xolo maT CarTulobas 

konatiuri funqciis relizebis gziT aRweven. 

24. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi eqvsive funqciis realizaciisas maRali 

sixSiriT gamoiyeneba rogorc leqsikuri da sintaqsuri, aseve 

fonetikuri stilisturi xerxebi da gamomxatvelobiTi saSualebebi. 

142

25. empiriuli masalis statistikuri kvlevis Sedegad dadginda 

sametyvelo aqtTa gamoyenebis sixSire da maTi urTierTmimarTeba 

rogorc qarTvel aseve amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlaSi. 

monacemebis SepirispirebiTi analizis Sedegad dadginda Semdegi: 

rogorc qarTvel aseve amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

raodenobrivad sWarbobs reprezentativebis gamoyeneba. amerikel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi reprezentativebis raodenoba 63% aRwevs, 

xolo qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 51% Seadgens. 

reprezentativebs mosdevs komisivebis gamoyeneba, rac qarTvel 

prezidenTa gamosvlebSi 4%-iT aRemateba komisivebis raodenobas 

amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi (18%). direqtivebis raodenoba 

Semdegnairad gadanawilda: 17% qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

da 13% amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi, qarTvel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebi metad eqspresiulia da Seadgens 9%, xolo amerikel 

prezidenTa Seswavlil gamosvlebSi eqspresiuli aqtebis gamoyeneba 

5 %-iT Semoifargleba. yvelaze mcire raodenobiT, rogorc qarTul 

aseve inglisurenovan empiriul masalaSi deklaraciebi gamoiyeneba 

da Seadgens mxolod 1 %. Amdenad, analizma cxadyo, rom miuxedavad 

mcire procentuli gansxvavebebisa, sametyvelo aqtTa Tanmimdevroba 

procentuli maCveneblis mixedviT msgavsia, rogorc qarTvel aseve 

amerikel prezidentTa sxvadasxva Janris gamosvlebSi. 

26. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi reprezentativis tipis sametyvelo aqtis 

gamoyeneba raodenobrivad dominirebs prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi reprezentativebi 51% Seadgens, 

xolo amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ki 63%. vxvdebiT 

reprezentativis mravalferovan tipebs, romelic sxvadasxva 

performatiuli zmniT (pirdapiri saxiT, eqspliciturad), zogjer 

ki performatiuli zmnis gareSe (arapirdapir, impliciturad) aris 

143

gadmocemuli. reprezentativebis Semcveli masala or ZiriTad 

tipad iyofa: 

1) performatiuli zmnis Semcveli reprezentativebi. reprezentativebi, 

gadmocemuli Semdegi zmnebiT: mjera, mwams (believe); vici (know); vTvli, 

vfiqrob, mimaCnia (think) 

2) reprezentativebi, gadmocemuli performatiuli zmnis gareSe: 


b) kuTvnilebiTi zmniT –qona, yola/ have; 

g) sintaqsurad martivi da/an rTuli SVO struqturebiT. 

27. ilokuciuri Zalis maidentificirebeli/ ganmsazRvreli xerxebidan 

(Illocutionary Force Identification Device – IFIDs) reprezentativis tipis aqtis 

gadmosacemad performatiuli zmnebis gamoyenebasTan erTad 

prezidentebi iyeneben sityvaTwyobas sasurveli aqcentebis 

gasakeTeblad, sasurveli ilokuciuri miznebis miRwevis mizniT. 

28. reprezentativebi prezidentTa diskursSi gadmoicema 

reprezentativis damaxasiaTebeli verbaluri qmedebebis 

gamomxatveli zmnebiT iseve, rogorc sxva aqtebis verbalur 

qmedebebSi Semavali zmnebiT. zogjer reprezentativebis tipis 

aqtebi gadmocemulia diskribciuli xasiaTisa da kauzaluri 

mimarTebis mqone sintaqsurad martiv da/an rTul pasaJebSi, 

qronologiur narativSi, sadac ar gamoiyeneba uSualod 

reprezentaciis gamomxatveli performativebi, Tumca prezidentebi 

aRweren arsebul realobas da msmenels uziareben maT 

damokidebulebasa da rwmenas. 

29. reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi gansxvavdeba 

WeSmaritebis xarisxis, mtkicebis gaZliereba/gaRrmavebis an 

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Sesusteba/Serbilebis mixedviT, rac miiRweva leqsikuri da 

sintaqsuri zRudeebis gamoyenebiT. 

30. reprezentativebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis Semdegi komisivebi 

yvelaze xSirad aris realizebuli saprezidento gamosvlebSi. 

komisivebs didi sixSiriT vxvdebiT rogorc qarTvel (22%), aseve 

aseve amerikel (18%) prezidentTa gamosvlebSi. 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba: 

1) pirdapiri/eqsplicituri 

2) arapirdapiri/implicituri komisivis tipis sametyvelo 

aqtebi. 

1. pirdapiri (eqsplicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi 

gamoixateba Semdegi performativebiT, Sesabamisi formulebiT: 

a) komisivebi, gamoxatuli performativiT “ Pledge” I /WE + V (Pledge)); 

“pirobis/ficis micema” (me/Cven + zmna ( pirobis micema/ficis 

dadeba); 

b) komisivi, gadmocemuli performativiT – “offer” I/WE +Verb (offer)); 

“vTavazob/ gTavazobT” (me/Cven + zmna (gTavazob(T)) ; 

2. arapirdapiri (implicituri) komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebi. 

a) prezidentebi eridebian muqaris gamomxatveli pirdapiri 

sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyenebas da amjobineben, rom muqara 

gamoxaton SefarviT, arapirdapir/impliciturad, zogjer ki 

metaforulad. 

b) dapirebis gamomxatveli komisivi xSirad ar aris gadmocemuli 

performativiT ”gpirdebiT”, aramed sxvadasxva zmnebis 

meSveobiT, romelTac sxvadasxva denotaciuri mniSvneloba 

gaaCniaT, Tumca konteqstSi garkveulwilad dapirebis 

mniSvnelobas iZenen. 

kvlevis Sedegad prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamovyavi 

dapirebis gamomxatveli Semdegi tipis komisivebi: 

145

I ) Cven + zmna (momaval formaSi); We +WILL+VERB 

II) Cven + zmna (momaval uaryofiT formaSi); 


III) me + zmna (momaval formaSi); I +WILL +VERB 

IV) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval dadebiT 

formaSi); NOUN+WILL+VERB 

IV jgufis calke qvejgufSi Sedis aseve 

zmna/Semasmeneli (momaval formaSi) + qvemdebare 

formuliT gadmocemuli miukerZoebeli stilis 

frazebi da winadadebebi, romlebsac qarTveli 

prezidentebis gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT da sadac ar 

Cans danapirebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

V) arsebiTi saxeli + zmna (momaval uaryofiT 

formaSi); NOUN+WILL+NOT + VERB 

31. komisivis orive tipis aqtebSi piris deiqsisi mniSvnelovan rols 

TamaSobs qmedebis Semsrulebeli subieqtis dadgenis 

TvalsazrisiT. aRniSnuli qvetipis komisivebSi mravlobiTi ricxvis 

pirveli piris nacvalsaxeli “Cven” gamiznulad gamoiyeneba, 

rogorc inkluziurad, aseve eqskluziurad da garkveul 

konceptualur cvlilebas sZens gamonaTqvamis mniSvnelobas. 

inkluziuri nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi xalxi xdeba 

qmedebis nawili, xolo eqskluziuris SemTxvevaSi danapiris 

Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebloba ekisreba prezidentsa da mTavrobas. 

mxolobiTi ricxvis pirveli piris nacvalsaxelis “me” gamoyenebiT 

xdeba prezidentebis mier dapirebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgeblobis 

mxolod sakuTar Tavze aReba. 

32. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi moqmedebiT da vnebiT gvarTan erTad 

prezidentTa inglisur da qarTulenovan gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba 

146

saSuali gvari, rac gamiznulia moqmedi pirebis impersonifikaciaze 

moqmedebis Semsrulebeli agensebis ar miTiTebis gziT. Tumca, 

msgavsi miukerZoebeli dapirebebi xSirad hibriduli tipisaa da 

erTdroulad moicavs rogorc moqmedebiT, aseve vnebiT da saSual 

gvars. 

33. vinaidan komisivebi ZiriTadad aris dapireba momavalSi garkveuli 

qmedebebis gatarebisa, rogorc amerikel, aseve qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi komisivis tipis sametyvelo aqtebis 

gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba momavali drois formebi. 

34. komisivis sametyvelo aqtebi zogjer gamyarebulia stilisturi 

xerxebiT, rogoricaa: personifikacia da metafora, rac frazebs 

met gamomxatvelobasa da eqspresiulobas sZens. 

35. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi direqtivebis gamoyeneba qarTvel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi Seadgens 17%, xolo inglisur enovan 

empiriul masalaSi 13% procents.Ddireqtivebi prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi dominant aqtebad gvevlinebian da gamoyenebis 

garkveuli TaviseburebebiT gamoirCeva. direqtivebis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebi saprezidento gamosvlebSi ZiriTad aqtebad 

gvevlineba. direqtivebi prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba 

gancalkevebulad, isini yovelTvis gamyarebulia sxva sametyvelo 

aqtebiT. inglisurenovan gamosvlebSi metwilad gvxvdeba 

urTierTmimarTeba reprezentativebs da direqtivebs Soris, xolo 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebis SemTxvevaSi sainteresoa 

direqtivebisa da komisivebis tipis aqtebis urTierTmimarTeba. 

36. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba mkacri direqtivebi, kerZod 

direqtivebis verbaluri aqtebi, gamoxatuli pirdapir 

performatiuli zmnebiT: brZaneba (order, command), Txovna (request). 

147

prezidentebi gamosvlebSi Serbilebul direqtivebs mimarTaven, 

romlebsac ufro mowodebebis forma aqvT. zogjer mowodebebi 

gadmoicema pirdapir performativiT “mogiwodebT”, xolo amerikel 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi performativi “ask” meSveobiT. 

prezidentebis mimarTvebSi vxvdebiT aseve mowodebis gamomxatvel 

frazebs, sadac gamoyenebuli ar aris konkretuli sametyvelo 

aqtis Sesabamisi performativi da sametyvelo aqti impliciturad 

aris gadmocemuli amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi deontikuri 

direqtiuli modalobis gziT, romelic gamoxatulia konstruqciiT 

LET US + VERB, xolo qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

kombinaciiT Mmo-di-T + zmna. 

37. direqtivebi prezidentTa gamosvlebSi zogjer ufro Zlieri 

valdebulebis gamomxatveli modaluri zmniT gadmoicema, 

rogoricaa “must “/ “unda”. sxva aqtebis msgavsad, direqtivis tipis 

sametyvelo aqtebis ganxilvisas aseve mniSvnelovania piris 

deiqsisze dakvirveba, konkretulad ki pirveli piris mravlobiTi 

ricxvis nacvalsaxelis inkluziur da eqskluziur gamoyenebaze, 

rac damatebiT konotaciebs matebs winadadebebs. kvlevis Sedegad 

gamovyavi direqtiuli sametyvelo aqtebis Semdegi qvetipebi, 

romelic modaluri zmniT “must” / “unda” aris formulirebuli: 

(qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi arapirdapiri direqtiuli 

aqtebi gadmoicema “unda” nawilakis kombinaciiT srulmniSvnelovan 

zmnasTan, sadac is saWiroebas da aucileblobas gamoxatavs). 

I) nacvalsaxeli (Cven) + (ar) unda + zmna; WE + MUST (+NOT) 

+VERB, sadac Cven/ WE gvxvdeba rogorc eqskluziuri, aseve 

inkluziuri mniSvnelobiT; eqskluziuri nacvalsaxeliT 

gadmocemuli brZanebis SemTxvevaSi brZanebis Semsrulebeli 

subieqti aris prezidenti mTavrobasTan erTad, xolo inkluziuri 

148

nacvalsaxelis Cven/ WE gamoyenebiT, brZanebis Semsrulebel 

subieqtTa rigs emateba Tavad msmeneli, adresati. 


III) arsebiTi + unda + zmna (momaval formaSi); Noun +MUST +VERB 

III jgufis direqtivebSi Sedis agreTve formuliT “unda + 

zmna” gamoxatuli direqtivebi, romlebic qarTvel prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba. aseTi tipis direqtivebi miukerZoebeli 

stilis aris, sadac ar Cans, Tu visken aris mimarTuli 

direqtivebi, viszea gaTvlili brZanebis perlokuciuri Sedegi, 

vin aris gacemuli bZanebis Semsrulebeli subieqti. 

38. calke jgufad gamoiyofa emociurad datvirTuli direqtivebi, 

romelebiTac prezidentTa gamosvlebi sruldeba. esenia prezidenTa 

gamosvlebis damamTavrebeli frazebi, rac prezidentTa sityvis 

sxvadasxva Janris damaxasiaTebeli da aucilebeli elementia. 

damamTavrebeli frazebi ZiriTadad locva-kurTxevis formulebiT 

aris warmodgenili, sadac gamoyenebulia Zlieri ilokuciuri 

Zalis sityvebi, rogoricaa: dalocva, gamarjveba, mfarveloba. 

39. procentuli maCveneblis mixedviT rigiT meoTxe aqti, romelic 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSia aris realizebuli eqspresivebia. 

saprezidento gamosvlebSi gvxvdeba rogorc moraluri 

damokidebulebis, aseve emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi. 

40. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi moraluri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi gadmoicema misalmebis Tavaziani frazebiT. 

misalmeba prezidentTa nebismier sityvaSi aucilebel elements 

warmoadgens. misalmebis frazebi mosaubris moraluri 

pasuxismgeblobis grZnobidan gamomdinareobs, rom miesalmos, 

149

gamoxatos damswre sazogadoebisadmi, an msmenelisadmi misi 

aRfrTovaneba an dadebiTi damokidebuleba, rom moxarulia maTi 

misalmebiT. ilokuciuri aqti am SemTxvevaSi aris, is rom 

mosaubres unda miesalmos msmenels, agrZnobinos, rom masTan 

pirdapiri an virtualuri Sexvedra uxaria, perlokuciuri efeqti 

ki msmenelSi dadebiTi damokidebulebis sapasuxo dadebiTi 

reaqciis aRZvraa. misalmeba zogjer gamoixateba sametyvelo aqtis 

zmniT (performativiT) eqspliciturad, zogjer ki misalmeba 

impliciturad, yovelgvari performatiuli zmnis gamoyenebis 

gareSe xdeba. 

a) pirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri sametyvelo 

aqtebi gamoxatuli performativiT “mogesalmebiT” ; “salute”; 

“welcome”. 

formulebi: 

qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi 

I) sityva-winadadeba, romelic konstruqciulad subieqtur 

predikatiuli tipisaa (Tumca es mxolod da mxolod 

qarTulenovan mimarTvebSi gvxvdeba, vinaidan cnobilia, rom 

inglisur enaSi moqmedi da moqmedeba aucileblad ori 

sityvaformiT gamoixateba) 

III) zmna (v-e-salm-eb-i) + obieqti 

III) minda + mi-v-e-salm-o + obieqti 

IV) nacvalsaxeli (me) + zmna (mivesalmebi) + obieqti 

xolo amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi 

formulebi: 

I) I/WE + SALUTE/WELCOME + OBJECT 

b) arapirdapiri (implicituri) eqspresiuli moraluri 

sametyvelo aqtebi sametyvelo aqtis zmnis gareSe. 

sagulisxmoa, rom misalmebis an mimarTvis zogierT 

frazaSi eqspresiuli sametyvelo aqtis Tavad performatiuli 

zmna mogesalmebiT (mivesalmebi, vesalmebi, greet, salute, welcome) ar 

150

aris naxsenebi. Aam tipis mimarTvebisas prezidentebi ierarqiul 

wyobas iyeneben. 

41. prezidentTa mimarTvebSi emociuri damokidebulebis gamomxatveli 

eqspresiuli aqtebi gadmoicema madlierebis gamomxatveli Tavaziani 

frazebiT. 

a. pirdapiri (eqplicituri) eqspresiuli emociuri sametyvelo 


kvlevis Sedegad amerikel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

gamoikveTa Semdegi formulebiT gadmocemuli pirdapiri 

eqspresiuli emociuri aqtebi: 

IV) Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase + (Preposition (FOR)) 

V) Pronoun (I/ WE) +Verb (THANK) + Object/ Noun Phrase 

VI) Pronoun (I)+ Verb (THANK)+ Object + Preposition (FOR) + Noun 

Phrase 

prezidentTa gamosvlebSi sityva “Thank” gvxvdeba aseve ara 

rogorc performatiuli zmna, aramed rogorc arsebiTi saxeli, 

qvemoT mocemulia madlierebis gamomxatveli frazebis ori 

qvetipi, sadac gamoyenebulia formulebi Thanks + for + smth da 

Give+thanks+ for +smth 

prezidentTa qarTulenovan mimarTvebSi vxvdebiT 

madlierebis gamomxatvel frazebs, rac gamoyenebis sakmaod didi 

sixSiriT gamoirCeva da sxvadasxva stuqturuli formebiT 

gadmoicema. qarTvel prezidentTa gamosvlebSi ar gvxvdeba 

“madloba” zmnuri formiT (gmadlobT), madlobis gamomxatveli 

frazebi gadmoicema ZiriTadad kombinaciiT “madlobas 

mo(v)(g)axseneb(T), Tumca vxvdebiT arsebiTi saxeliT da 

zedsarTavi saxeliT gadmocemul madlierebis gamomxatvel 

151

Tavazian frazebs. kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda Semdegi 

formulebi: 

I) madloba-s (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri obieqti) + 

movaxseneb (zmna, Semasmeneli) + obieqti (arsebiTi saxeli, 

iribi obieqti) 

II) minda (zmna) + madloba (arsebiTi saxeli, pirdapiri 

obieqti) + movaxseno (zmna, Semasmeneli) + iribi obieqti 




V) madliereb–(iT) (arsebiTi saxeli) + zmna + obieqti 


42. deklaraciebis tipis sametyvelo aqtebs prezidentTa gamosvlebSi 

yvelaze dabali sixSiriT vxvdebiT (1%). raodenobivad meti 

deklaracia dajildovebis da Sewyalebis Janris prezidentTa 

gamosvlebSi gxvdeba. Zalze iSviaTad gvxvdeba pirdapiri 

deklaraciis tipis sametyvelo aqti, gadmocemuli performativiT 

“declare”, “vacxadebT,” amavdroulad, aRniSnuli performativi 

yovelTvis ar gulisxmobs deklaraciis sametyvelo aqtis 

arsebobas. prezidentTa gamosvlebSi vxvdebiT sxva sametyvelo 

aqtis ganmsazRvreli performativiT gadmocemul arapirdapir 

deklaraciebs, gamoxatuls zmniT “proclaim”. gramatikuli kategoria, 

kerZod, swori drois SerCeva SeiZleba xels uwyobdes 

perlokuciuri Sedegis miRwevas. direqtivis da komisivis tipis 

aqtebis kompleqsuri ganxilva eqstralingvistur WrilSi, gvaZlevs 

safuZvels davaskvnaT, rom aRniSnuli aqtebi, amave dros 

warmoadgenen deklaraciis tipis aqtebs. 

152

43. prezidentTa diskursSi sametyvelo aqtebi integrirebulad 

gamoiyeneba Setyobinebebis perlokuciuri Sedegis misaRwevad. 

aqtebs Soris arsebobs kavSiri da urTierTmimarTeba, rac 

dominireba-daqvemdebarebulobis principzea agebuli. direqtivebi 

gvevlineba dominant aqtebad, vinaidan swored direqtivebi 

gadascemen msmenels Sesasrulebel miTiTebas, Tumca prezidentTa 

diskursSi direqtivebTan erTad aranakleb mniSvnelovania sxva 

aqtebis gamoyeneba, vinaidan TiToeul aqts akisria Sesabamisi 

relevanturi misia imisaTvis, rom adresatsa da adresants Soris 

Sedges warmatebuli urTierTgagebineba. am mxriv unda gamoiyos 

direqtivebisa da reprezentativebis urTierTmimarTeba: ilokuciuri 

mizani gadmoicema direqtivaSi, xolo reprezentativebi aris 

damxmare saSualeba, rac ZiriTadi aqtis motivacias uzrunvelyofs, 

avsebs saTanado mizezebiT da argumentebiT, rac amarTlebs 

gacemul direqtivas msmenelis mimarT. Tumca reprezentativis tipis 

aqtebi aranakleb mniSvnelovania perlokuciuri efeqtis miRwevis 

TvalsazrisiT, vinaidan swored maTi meSveobiT aris SesaZlebeli 

msmenelis momzadeba direqtivis aqtis misaRebad. direqtivis 

gacemamde saWiroa direqtivis gamarTleba da msmenelis 

uzrunvelyofa direqtivisaTvis saWiro motivaciiT an mizezebiT, 

rac reprezentativebis, zogjer ki komisivebis aqtebiT aris 

SesaZlebeli. 

153

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