klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendacia (gaidlaini)
klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendacia (gaidlaini) klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendacia (gaidlaini)
kinadeficituri anemia klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekomendacia (gaidlaini) 1
- Page 2 and 3: klinikuri praqtikis erovnuli rekome
- Page 4 and 5: 3. etiopaTogenezi rkina adamianis o
- Page 6 and 7: 1.05 1.20 1.68 1.62 1.46 0.87 1.15
- Page 8 and 9: sqema #1 etiologiuri faqtorebi, rom
- Page 10 and 11: 5. daavadebis diagnozi a) diagnosti
- Page 12 and 13: − rkiniT gajerebiTi anemiebi (sid
- Page 14 and 15: da-s gamokvleva da mkurnaloba rda g
- Page 16 and 17: da avadmyofTa mkurnalobis algoriTmi
- Page 18 and 19: kinis preparatebis gamoyenebis wina
- Page 20 and 21: • Cais, yavis miReba sakvebis miR
- Page 22 and 23: 9. gaidlainis gadasinjvisa da ganxi
- Page 24 and 25: 27. Cuervo LG. Mahomed K. Treatment
kinadeficituri anemia<br />
<strong>klinikuri</strong> <strong>praqtikis</strong> <strong>erovnuli</strong> <strong>rekomendacia</strong><br />
(<strong>gaidlaini</strong>)<br />
1
<strong>klinikuri</strong> <strong>praqtikis</strong> <strong>erovnuli</strong> <strong>rekomendacia</strong> (<strong>gaidlaini</strong>)<br />
`rkinadeficituri anemia~ miRebulia <strong>klinikuri</strong> <strong>praqtikis</strong><br />
<strong>erovnuli</strong> rekomendaciebis (gaidlainebi) da daavadebaTa marTvis<br />
saxelmwifo standartebis (protokolebi) SemuSavebis, Sefasebis<br />
da danergvis <strong>erovnuli</strong> sabWos 2008 wlis 5 noembris #1 sxdomaze<br />
da damtkicebulia saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
socialuri dacvis ministris 2009 wlis 21 ianvris # 38/o<br />
brZanebiT.<br />
2
kinadeficituri anemia<br />
1. daaavdebis definicia, sinonimebi, klasifikacia da<br />
terminologia<br />
rkinadeficituri anemia (rda) _ ganpirobebulia organizmSi rkinis<br />
raodenobis SemcirebiT, ris Sedegadac irRveva hemoglobinis sinTezi da<br />
mcirdeba misi koncentracia TiToeul eriTrocitSi.<br />
gamoyofen rkinis deficitis 2 formas:<br />
1. rkinis faruli (latenturi) deficiti _ xasiaTdeba rkinis maragisa da<br />
satransporto rkinis SemcirebiT, normaluri hemoglobinisa da<br />
eriTrocitebis maCveneblebiT;<br />
2. rkinadeficituri anemia _ xasiaTdeba yvela metaboluri fondis<br />
SemcirebiT (maT Soris satransportoc), aseve eriTrocitebisa da<br />
hemoglobinis raodenobis SemcirebiT.<br />
rda sinonimebi da terminologia: hipoqromuli anemia, mikrocituli anemia,<br />
posthemoragiuli anemia, rkinis deficiti, kuW-nawlavidan sisxldena, menometroragia,<br />
cxviridan sisxldena, hematuria, melena, simsivnuri daavadebebi,<br />
pagofagia, qlorozi, koilonixia, atrofiuli glositi, hemoglobinuria,<br />
agastruli mdgomareoba, hipoaciduri gastriti, anaciduri gastriti,<br />
Tormetgoja nawlavis rezeqcia, wvrili nawlavis rezeqcia, kronis daavadeba.<br />
2. epidemiologia<br />
rda-s pirveli adgili ukavia msoflioSi yvelaze gavrcelebul 38 daavadebas<br />
Soris. pirveli adgili ukavia mas aseve kvebis darRvevebiT gamowveul<br />
daavadebaTa Soris. janmos monacemebiT rda daavadebulTa ricxvi 1,8<br />
miliards Seadgens, rkinadeficituri mdgomareoba ki orjer met adamians<br />
aReniSneba. sxvadasxva genezis anemiaTa Soris rda-ze modis 70-80% (1,2,3,4). is<br />
yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba reproduqciuli asakis qalebSi, orsul da meZuZur<br />
qalTa Soris, agreTve adreuli da pubertuli asakis bavSvebSi.<br />
gansakuTrebiT maRalia avadobis sixSire susti socialur-ekonomiuri<br />
ganviTarebis qveynebSi (arasrulfasovani kveba _ rkiniT, cilebiTa da<br />
vitaminebiT Raribi sakvebi produqtebis miReba, samedicino momsaxurebis<br />
miuwvdomloba). ganviTarebul evropis qveynebSi qalebisa da bavSvebis rda<br />
avadoba Seadgens 7-14%. ganviTarebad qveynebSi es maCvenebeli 40%-ze metia.<br />
aziis zogierT qveyanaSi es maCvenebeli 65-70% aRwevs. (5) msoflioSi orsuli<br />
qalebis TiTqmis naxevari savaraudod anemiuria. (6) bolo wlebSi rda<br />
avadobam moimata saqarTveloSic. sazogadoebrivi jandacvis departamentis<br />
monacemebiT 2006 wels rda avadobam saqarTveloSi Seadgina orsul qalebSi<br />
_ 66%, reproduqciuli asakis (17-45ww.) qalebSi _ 31%, mozrdilebSi (14-16ww.)<br />
gogonebSi _ 24 %.<br />
3
3. etiopaTogenezi<br />
rkina adamianis organizmisTvis umniSvnelovanes mikroelements warmoadgens.<br />
is monawileobs Jangbadis transportirebaSi, nivTierebaTa cvlis<br />
regulaciaSi, ganapirobebs imunologiur rezistentobas. organizmSi rkina<br />
aris 2 saxiT: heminuri da araheminuri. heminuri rkina Sedis hemoglobinis,<br />
mioglobinis da sxva fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi, araheminuri saxiT ki<br />
feritinis, hemosiderinis, transferinis da sxvadasxva fermentis<br />
SemadgenlobaSi.<br />
adamianis organizmi saSualod 4,5_5g rkinas Seicavs. (qalebi 3-4g, mamakacebis<br />
3-5g). organizmSi rkinis ganawileba Semdegia: hemoglobini - 64%, depoorganoebi<br />
– 30%, mioglobini – 4%, qsovilovani fermentebi – 1%, transferini<br />
– 1%).<br />
adamiani sakvebis saxiT yoveldRiurad Rebulobs 15-20mg rkinas. Tormetgoja<br />
nawlavisa da wvrili nawlavis proqsimalur nawilSi iwoveba miRebuli<br />
rkinis 10-20% – 1-1,5mg. gazrdili moTxovnilebisa da misi deficitisas ki<br />
iwoveba 2-3mg dRe-RameSi.<br />
sakvebi Seicavs rkinas 2 saxiT: heminuri Fe 2+ rkina, romelsac ZiriTadad<br />
cxoveluri produqtebi Seicaven da araheminuri Fe 3+ , romelic mcenareuli<br />
produqtebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. cxoveluri produqtebidan adamianis<br />
organizmi Seiwovs rkinis 10-20%-s. mcenareulidan ki mxolod 1-5%-s. heminuri<br />
Fe 2+ kargad ixsneba wvrili nawlavis tute areSi da advilad Seiwoveba.<br />
araheminuri Fe 3+ ki ar ixsneba wvrili nawlavis tute areSi. wvril nawlavSi<br />
is iwoveba mxolod marilmJavas moqmedebis Sedegad Fe 2+ gadasvlis Semdeg.<br />
Sewovis intensioba sxvadasxvagvaria. rkinaze moTxovnilebis gazrdis<br />
SemTxvevaSi Sewovis intensioba SeiZleba 5-6-jer gaizardos. moTxovnilebis<br />
Semcirebis SemTxvevaSi Sewovis intesioba mcirdeba da amave dros izrdeba<br />
misi depo organoebSi Calageba. Sewovaze aseve did gavlenas axdens<br />
sxvadasxva sakvebi produqtebi da samkurnalo preparatebi. sakvebidan Sewovas<br />
amcireben rkinis helatorebi: fosfatebi, oqsalatebi, karbonatebi, tanini,<br />
antacidebi, tetraciklini. aZlierebs askorbinis mJava, fruqtoza da sxva (7).<br />
rkinaze moTxovnileba da misaRebad rekomendirebuli odenobebi jamuradaa<br />
mocemuli #1 cxrilSi, xolo maTze gavlenis mqone faqtorebi ganxilulia<br />
Semdgom (8).<br />
4
cxrili 1<br />
rkinaze moTxovnileba da misaRebad rekomendirebuli raodenoba asakisa<br />
da sqesis mixedviT<br />
jgufebi asaki saSualo zrdisTvis<br />
rkinis saSualo<br />
(wlebi)<br />
wona aucilebeli<br />
danakargi<br />
(kg) rkinis misaRebi<br />
(mg/dReSi)<br />
raodenoba<br />
(mg/dReSi)<br />
ZiriTadi menstrualuri<br />
mamakacebi 11 _ 14 45.0<br />
0.55<br />
0.62<br />
15 _ 17 64.4<br />
0.60<br />
0.90<br />
18+ 75.0<br />
1.05<br />
qalebi 11 _14 b<br />
menopauzis<br />
Semdgomi<br />
periodi<br />
laqtaciis<br />
periodi<br />
11 _ 14<br />
15 _ 17<br />
18+<br />
46.1<br />
46.1<br />
56.4<br />
62.0<br />
0.55<br />
0.55<br />
0.35<br />
0.65<br />
0.65<br />
0.79<br />
0.87<br />
62.0 0.87<br />
62.0 1.15<br />
a) sruli saerTo moTxovnileba moicavs zrdis, ZiriTadi danakargebis da qalebSi<br />
menstrualuri danakargebis Sesavsebad saWiro raodenobas;<br />
b) romlebsac ar aqvT menstruacia.<br />
(gagrZeleba) rkinaze moTxovnileba da mis misaRebad rekomendirebuli<br />
raodenoba asakisa da sqesis mixedviT<br />
saerTo<br />
moTxovnileba a<br />
0.72<br />
0.46<br />
0.50<br />
0.71<br />
1.17<br />
1.50<br />
(mg/dReSi)<br />
0.48<br />
0.48<br />
0.48<br />
rkinis miRebis rekomendaciebi mosaxleobis 97.5%-is<br />
moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad, sxvadasxva<br />
bioSeRwevadobis sakvebisaTvis (saSualo +2SD) (mg/dReSi)<br />
sakvebis rkinis bioSeRwevadobis xarisxi %<br />
maRali<br />
15%<br />
6.2<br />
3.9<br />
4.2<br />
5.9<br />
9.7<br />
12.5<br />
saSulo<br />
12%<br />
7.7<br />
4.8<br />
5.3<br />
7.4<br />
12.2<br />
15.7<br />
dabali<br />
10%<br />
9.3<br />
5.8<br />
6.3<br />
8.9<br />
14.6<br />
18.8<br />
Zalian dabali<br />
5%<br />
18.6<br />
11.6<br />
12.6<br />
17.8<br />
29.2<br />
37.6<br />
5
1.05<br />
1.20<br />
1.68<br />
1.62<br />
1.46<br />
0.87<br />
1.15<br />
9.1<br />
9.3<br />
21.8<br />
20.7<br />
19.6<br />
7.5<br />
10.0<br />
11.4<br />
11.7<br />
27.7<br />
25.8<br />
24.5<br />
9.4<br />
12.5<br />
adaptirebulia: “adamianTa sakvebSi vitaminebis da mineralebis saWiroeba”, sakvebisa da<br />
soflis meurneobis organizacia / janmrTelobis msoflio organizacia.<br />
sisxlSi rkinis cirkulireba xdeba cila transferinis saSualebiT. nawlavis<br />
lorwovanidan rkina transferinis saSualebiT midis specifiuri ujredebis<br />
receptorebTan. transferinis receptorebi aris adamianis organizmis yvela<br />
ujredis zedapirze, magram gansakuTrebiT bevria eriTrocitebisa da<br />
kunTebis ujredebze. rkina Tavisufldeba transferinidan da gadadis am<br />
ujredebSi, ZiriTadi nawili moixmareba hemis warmoqmnaze (9).<br />
eriTropoezisTvis organizms dReRameSi esaWiroeba 25-30mg. rkina, rac<br />
aRemateba nawlavebidan Sewovili rkinis raodenobas. hemopoezisTvis<br />
gamoyenebuli rkinis ZiriTad nawils Seadgens rkina, romelic Tavisufldeba<br />
elenTaSi eriTrocitebis daSlis Sedegad.<br />
rkinis Senaxva deponireba xdeba feritinisa da hemosiderinis saxiT.<br />
feritinis ZiriTadi nawili aris RviZlSi, elenTaSi, Zvlis tvinSi,<br />
eriTrocitebSi, wvrili nawlavis lorwovansa da sisxlis SratSi.<br />
hemosiderini _ feritinis naklebad xsnadi naerTia rkinis ufro maRali<br />
koncentraciiT. fiziologiur pirobebSi adamianis organizmi kargavs 1mg<br />
rkinas ganavlis, Sardis da kanis epiTelis desqvamaciis Sedegad (10).<br />
qalebs damatebiT ekargebaT rkina Semdegi mdgomareobebis dros:<br />
1. menstruacia 15-30 mg rkina;<br />
2. orsuloba 600-800 mg rkina;<br />
3. mSobiaroba 50-100 mg rkina;<br />
4. laqtacia 400-700 mg rkina.<br />
amgvarad mamakacebs dRe-RameSi saSualod esaWiroebaT 1,2 mg rkina, qalebs<br />
fiziologiuri danakargebis gaTvaliswinebiT reproduqciul asakSi 2,0 mg.<br />
rkinis deficiti viTardeba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac irRveva balansi<br />
miRebulsa da dakargul rkinas Soris.<br />
rkinadeficituri mdgomareoba iwyeba rkinis maragis SemcirebiT depo<br />
organoebSi _ RviZlSi, elenTasa da Zvlis tvinSi. aRniSnulTan erTad<br />
13.7<br />
14.0<br />
32.7<br />
31.0<br />
29.4<br />
11.3<br />
15.0<br />
27.4<br />
28.0<br />
65.4<br />
62.0<br />
58.8<br />
22.6<br />
30.0<br />
6
mcirdeba feritinis raodenobac, romelic organizmSi rkinis saerTo maragis<br />
maCvenebelia. organizmSi sarezervo rkinis raodenobis Semcireba iwvevs<br />
Sratis rkinis koncentraciis daqveiTebas da Sratis mier rkinis SekavSirebis<br />
unaris momatebas. irRveva hemoglobinis sinTezi, viTardeba anemia da<br />
Semdgomi qsovilovani darRvevebi.<br />
rkinis deficiti umetesad viTardeba nel-nela da Tanmimdevrulad gamoyofen<br />
rkinis deficitis 3 etaps: I rkinis prelatenturi deficiti _ Semcirebulia<br />
rkinis maragi depo organoebSi; II rkinis latenturi deficiti _ xasiaTdeba<br />
rkinis maragisa da SesaZloa qsovilovani rkinis deficitiT; III<br />
rkinadeficituri<br />
SemcirebiT.<br />
anemia _ xasiaTdeba rkinis yvela metaboluri fondis<br />
rkinadeficituri mdgomareobis gamomwvevi ZiriTadi faqtorebia:<br />
1. qronikuli sisxldenebi: ginekologiuri, onkologiuri paTologiebi, kuWis<br />
wylulidan, Tormetgoja nawlavidan, hemoroiduli kvanZebidan,<br />
salicilatebis miRebis Sedegad da sxva;<br />
2. sakvebiT miRebuli rkinis arasakmarisi raodenoba;<br />
3. rkinis gazrdili xarjva: zrdisa da momwifebis periodSi, orsulobisas,<br />
sportiT da fizikuri SromiT didi datvirTvisas;<br />
4. dabadebisas rkinis arasakmarisi maragi an laqtaciisas misi arasakmarisi<br />
raodenobiT miReba;<br />
5. rkinis rezorbciuli ukmarisoba _ postgastrorezeqciuli da agastruli,<br />
anenteraluri da enterogenuli, kronis daavadeba;<br />
6. rkinis transportis darRveva hipo da atransferinemia;<br />
7. zemoT moyvanili faqtorebis kombinacia.<br />
orsuloba da laqtacia _ orsulobis dros placentasa da nayofSi didi<br />
raodenobiT rkina deponirdeba. amitom mTeli orsulobis ganmavlobaSi<br />
gazrdilia rkinaze moTxovnileba da igi aRwevs daaxloebiT 700-800mg-s.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom menstruaciis Sewyvetis gamo rkinis danakargi mcirdeba,<br />
orsuli qali ver iRebs damatebiTi rkinis sakmaris raodenobas da imatebs<br />
rkinis deficiti.<br />
laqtacia iwvevs rkinis kargvas rZesTan erTad. amis Sedegad, zogierT<br />
qalebSi orsulobis dros ganviTarebuli deficiti SeiZleba mudmivad<br />
SenarCundes laqtaciis dros.<br />
7
sqema #1<br />
etiologiuri faqtorebi, romlebic xels uwyoben rkinadeficituri anemiis<br />
ganviTarebas<br />
rkinis arasakmarisi<br />
miReba<br />
rkiniT Raribi<br />
sakvebis miReba<br />
rkiniT mdidari<br />
sakvebis miRebis<br />
miuwvdomloba<br />
tradiciebi-kvebis<br />
Taviseburebebi<br />
4. <strong>klinikuri</strong> simptomatika<br />
rkinadeficituri anemia<br />
gazrdili<br />
moTxovnileba rkinaze<br />
• menstruacia<br />
• parazituli daavadebebi<br />
• orsuloba<br />
qalebi<br />
• mcire intervalebi<br />
orsulobebs Soris<br />
bavSvebi<br />
• dedis rkinis deficiti<br />
yvela<br />
• garemo pirobebi<br />
• pirveladi samedicino<br />
daxmarebis miuwvdomloba<br />
Sewovis/utilizaciis<br />
darRveva<br />
Sewovis inhibitorebis<br />
miReba<br />
kvebis racionis<br />
Taviseburebebi<br />
a) rkinis deficiti SeiZleba gamovlindes 2 sindromiT: anemiuri da<br />
sideropeniuli.<br />
anemiuri sindromi _ ganpirobebulia hemoglobinisa da eriTrocitebis<br />
SemcirebiT da warmodgenilia araspecifiuri simptomebiT: Tavbrusxveva,<br />
yurebSi Suili, guliscemis gaxSireba, haeris ukmarisoba, Zilianoba,<br />
gonebrivi da fizikuri Sromisunarianobis daqveiTeba. gamoxatuli anemiis<br />
dros xSirdeba stenokardiuli Setevebi, viTardeba iSemiuri daavadebebis<br />
gamwvaveba. sindromis gamovlena mniSvenlovnad aris damokidebuli daavadebis<br />
ganviTarebis siCqareze. ufro xSirad daavadeba nela viTardeba. avadmyofi<br />
egueba am mdgomareobas, gansakuTrebiT es exebaT qalebs da isini ukve Rrma<br />
anemiis SemTxvevaSi mimarTaven eqims.<br />
sideropeniuli sindromi _ hiposiderozi dakavSirebulia rkinis<br />
qsovilovan deficitTan. gamoyofen organoebis 4 jgufs, romlebSic<br />
hiposiderozi maqsimalurad aris gamoxatuli: kani da lorwovani garsebi<br />
8
(simSrale, Tmis da frCxilebis dazianeba); kuW-nawlavis traqti (madis<br />
daqveiTeba da gaukuRmareTeba, disfagia, Sekruloba an diarea), glositi, enis<br />
wva, ezofagiti: morfologiurad piris Rrus lorwovanis atrofia,<br />
hiperkeratozi, epiTeliumis vakuolizacia; kuWis lorwovani garsis<br />
ujredebis distrofiuli cvlilebebi, sekretoruli ukmarisobis<br />
ganviTarebiT; nervuli sistema _ advilad daRla, yurebSi Suili,<br />
Tavbrusxveva, Tavis tkivili, inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebis daqveiTeba;<br />
sisxlZarRvovani sistema (taqikardia, diastoluri disfunqcia). qveiTdeba<br />
aseve ujreduli da humoruli imunitetis maCveneblebi. avadmyofebi advilad<br />
avaddebian infeqciuri da virusuli daavadebebiT.<br />
sideropeniuri sindromisTvis damaxasiaTebelia gaukuRmarTebuli gemovneba _<br />
pika qlorotika, survili Wamon carci, miwa, umi xorcis farSi da sxva<br />
(paTofagia). uCveulo midrekileba garkveuli sunebis mimarT: acetoni, benzini<br />
da sxva (paTosomia). damaxasiaTebelia lorwovanisa da kanis sifermkrTale,<br />
zogjer momwvano elferiT _ qlorozi. kans aqvs moyviTalo cvilis feri<br />
mxolod piris irgvliv (genode miusis “qlorozianebis yviTeli ulvaSebis<br />
simptomi”). lurji sklerebis simptomi (osleris simptomi) xasiaTdeba<br />
sklerebis silurjiT. am fenomenis mizezia Tvalis rqovanis distrofiuli<br />
cvlilebebi. Sardis Seukavebloba sicilis, xvelis dros, zogjer Ramis<br />
Sardis Seukavebloba, sideropeniuri subfebriliteti _ xangrZlivi<br />
subfebriliteti.<br />
b) daavadebis garTulebebi arasasurvel gavlenas axdens:<br />
• Cvili, skolamdeli da skolis asakis bavSvebis SemecnebiT, qceviT da<br />
fizikur ganviTarebaze;<br />
• SemecnebiTi unari daqveiTebulia mozrdilebSic;<br />
• imunur statussa da infeqciebiT avadobaze yvela asakobriv jgufSi;<br />
• kunTebis mier energiis wyaros gamoyenebaze da amdenad, fizikur<br />
SesaZleblobebsa da Sromisunarianobaze mozardebsa da nebismieri asakis<br />
mozrdilebSi;<br />
• amZimebs ZiriTadi daavadebis mimdinareobas.<br />
rkinadeficituri anemia orsulobis dros: (12)<br />
• zrdis perinatalur risks dedisa da axalSobilisaTvis. dedaTa<br />
perinataluri sikvdilianobis 20-40% anemias ukavSirdeba;<br />
• aseTi dedebis axalSobilebi Seicaven samarago rkinis naxevarze naklebs;<br />
• zrdis bavSvTa saerTo sikvdilianobas;<br />
• rkinis deficitis dros darRveulia kuW-nawlavis funqciebi;<br />
• icvleba hormonebis produqcia da metabolizmi;<br />
• neiromediatorebisa da Tireoiduli hormonebis cvla irRveva, rac iwvevs<br />
nevrologiur, kunTovan da Termo-regulaciis cvlilebebs. adamians<br />
umcirdeba siciveSi sxeulis temperaturis SenarCunebis unari da bolos<br />
dnm-is replikacia da reparacia moiTxovs rkinis Semcvel fermentebs.<br />
9
5. daavadebis diagnozi<br />
a) diagnostikuri kriteriumebi<br />
<strong>klinikuri</strong> simptomatika ganpirobebulia 2 sindromiT anemiuriT da<br />
sideropeniuriT.<br />
anemiuri sindromisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Civilebi: saerTo sisuste,<br />
Tavbruxveva, Sromis unaris daqveiTeba, advilad daRla, Tavis tkivili,<br />
gaRizianeba, qoSini, gulis wasvla, xmauri yurebSi. obieqturad: kanisa da<br />
lorwovani garsebis sifermkrTale, taqikardia, hipertonia, gulis tonebis<br />
moyrueba, sistoluri Suili.<br />
sideropeniuli sindromisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Civilebi: sisuste,<br />
Tavbruxveva, gemovnebis, ynosvis, madis gaukuRmarTeba, kunTebis tkivili da<br />
sisuste, disfagia, dispepsia, Sardis Seukavebloba xvelebis, sicilis dros,<br />
Ramis Sardis Seukavebloba, diarea, yabzoba, Zilianoba; obieqturad: kanis<br />
simSrale, stomatiti, piris kuTxeebTan naxeTqebis gaCena, Tmis simSrale,<br />
mtvrevadoba, cvena, naadrevi gaTeTreba: frCxilebis mtvrevadoba, gaTxeleba,<br />
ganSreveba; koilonixia; glositi (wiTeli feris, SeSupebuli, mtkivneuli ena),<br />
dvrilebis atrofia, kbilebis kariesi, maTi gafxviereba, Tankbilvis darRveva,<br />
emalis defeqtebi: atrofiuli ezofagiti, atrofiuli gastriti, kuW-nawlavis<br />
disfunqcia; dismenorea; subfebriliteti, imunitetis daqveiTeba, xSiri<br />
infeqciuri daavadebebi, kanisa da lorwovanis reparaciuli procesebis<br />
Semcireba; lurji sklerebi.<br />
laboratoriuli monacemebi: (13)<br />
• hemoglobinis Secireba mamakacebisTvis 130g/l-ze naklebi, qalebisTvis 120<br />
g/l-ze naklebi, orsulebisaTvis 110g/l-ze naklebi I-III tr, 105g/l-ze<br />
naklebi II trimestrSi. eriTrocitebis raodenobis Semcireba<br />
mamakacebisaTvis 4.0 X 10 12 /l-ze naklebi qalebisaTvis 3,9 X 10 12 /l-ze<br />
naklebi. upiratesad aRiniSneba hemoglobinis Semcireba.<br />
• hematokriti mamakacebisaTvis 39% naklebi, qalebisaTvis 36% naklebi.<br />
orsulebisaTvis 33% naklebi;<br />
• feradobis maCveneblis Semcireba
• feritinis raodenoba mamakacebisaTvis < 30 ng /ml, qalebisTvis < 25 ng /ml;<br />
• transferinis receptorebis raodenoba momatebulia.<br />
instrumentuli gamokvlevebi<br />
hemoglobinisa da feritinis testi saukeTesoa rda diagnostikaSi [C] 14.15.<br />
ekg _ miokardiodistrofiis suraTi: T kbilis amplitudis Semcireba, mZime<br />
SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi T kbili, SesaZlebelia eqstrasistolebis ganviTareba.<br />
eqokardiografia _ SesaZlebelia marcxena parkuWis zomebis gadideba.<br />
diferencialuri diagnozi<br />
diferencialuri diagnozi unda gatardes sxva hipoqromul anemiebTan (16).<br />
rkinis gadanawilebiTi anemia (rkinis reutilizaciis darRveviT gamowveuli<br />
anemiebi) viTardeba qronikuli anTebiTi, Cirqovani, onkologiuri<br />
daavadebebisa da sxva paTologiebis dros.<br />
rkiniT gajerebiTi anemiebi (sideroaqrestuli) - Tandayolili da SeZenili.<br />
hemis sinTezis darRveviT gamowveuli (Talasemia).<br />
anemiis simZimis xarisxi hemoglobinis maCveneblebis mixedviT 5 welze meti<br />
bavSvebisa da qalebisaTvis janmo/iunisefi 1997w<br />
cxrili 2<br />
anemiis simZimis xarisxi hemoglobinis done g/l<br />
msubuqi 90-120<br />
saSualo 70-90<br />
mZime 70-ze naklebi<br />
6. gamokvlevis sqema<br />
gamokvlevis sqema moicavs ramodenime etaps:<br />
I etapi _ unda dadgindes anemiis hipoqromuloba. feradobis maCvenebeli (0,85<br />
naklebi). hematokriti qalebisTvis
− rkiniT gajerebiTi anemiebi (sideroaqrestiuli) Tandayolili da<br />
SeZenili;<br />
− hemis sinTezis darRveviT gamowveuli anemiebi (Talasemia);<br />
hipoqromul anemiebTan diferencialuri diagnostikis kriteriumebi<br />
mocemulia cxrilSi #3-Si.<br />
III etapi _ rkinis deficitis mizezis dadgena. rkinadeficituri anemia aris<br />
mxolod sindromi, romliTac rTuldeba sxvadasxva paTologia. maTgan didi<br />
nawili gankurnebadia. amdenad rda mizezis dadgena umniSvnelovanesi<br />
sakiTxia. reproduqciuli asakis qalebSi rda-s yvelaze xSiri mizezia<br />
menoragiebi, orsuloba da laqtacia, mamakacebSi kuWnawlavidan sisxldena,<br />
bavSvebSi alimenturi deficiti zrdis procesSi (17).<br />
cxrili 3<br />
hipoqromuli anemiis ZiriTadi diferencialur-diagnostikuri kriteriumebi<br />
niSnebi rda sideroaqtresta Talasemia rkinis<br />
gadanawilebiTi<br />
retikulocitebi N N an N an N<br />
mikrocitozisa (m)<br />
da hipoqromiis (h)<br />
urTierTdamokidebuleba<br />
Sratis rkina<br />
rkinis SekavSirebis<br />
unari<br />
transferinis gajereba<br />
rkiniT<br />
Sratis feritini<br />
(N30-300 ng/ml )<br />
arapirdapiri<br />
bilirubini<br />
rkinis preparatebiT<br />
mkurnalobis Sedegi<br />
m > h m > h<br />
N<br />
m > h<br />
N<br />
anemia<br />
m > h<br />
50% >50% >10%<br />
400 >400 30-400<br />
N NN<br />
+ _ _<br />
aucilebelia rda gamomwvevi mizezebis dadgena, romelTac miekuTvneba<br />
sisxldena:<br />
− sisxldena SeiZleba iyos saSvilosnodan; kuW-nawlavis traqtidan;<br />
Tirkmelebidan (glomerulonefriti, pielonefriti, kenWovani daavadeba,<br />
NN<br />
-<br />
12
Sardis buStis simsivne, Tirkmelebisa da saSarde gzebis tuberkulozi);<br />
filtvebidan (filtvebis tuberkulozi, kibo, bronqoeqtaziebi); cxviridan<br />
(hipertonuli daavadeba), randiu-osleris daavadeba; hemoragiuli<br />
diaTezebi;<br />
− rkinis Sewovis darRvevis mizezi _ gastreqtomia bilrot II wesiT, wvrili<br />
nawlavis rezeqcia, hipo da anaciduri gastriti, enteritebi (18);<br />
− rkinis Warbi moxmarebis an xarjvis mizezi _ orsuloba, laqtacia, didi<br />
fizikuri da gonebrivi datvirTva;<br />
− rkinis transportirebis darRveva gamowveulia _ transferinis raodenobis<br />
SemcirebiT, romelic viTardeba hipoproteinemiebisas (nefrozuli<br />
sindromi, RviZlis mier cilis sinTezis darRveva, alimenturi ukmarisoba,<br />
Sewovis darRveva). iSviaTia genetikuri hipo da atransferinemia;<br />
− alimenturi ukamrisoba _ viTardeba dabali socialur-ekonomiuri<br />
pirobebis SemTxvevaSi; arasrulfasovani _ rkiniT, cilebiTa da<br />
vitaminebiT Raribi sakvebis miRebisas; vegetarianelebSi, gansakuTrebiT<br />
Tanmdevi kuWnawilavis paTologiisas; moxucebSi.<br />
bolo wlebis gamokvlevebiT dadginda, rom kuW-nawlavis paTologiebiT<br />
gamowveuli rda-s dros xSiria simsivnuri paTologiebi, ris gamoc<br />
sasurvelia 50 wlis zemoT asakis avadmyofebSi Catardes kuW-nawlavis<br />
endoskopiuri gamokvleva an reqtoskopia Civilebis mixedviT 19, 20 [B].<br />
rekomendaciebi praqtikuli eqimebisaTvis mocemulia crilSi #4.<br />
rda gamokvlevis da mkurnalobis sqema daavadebis gamomwvevi mizezis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT mocemulia sqema #2-Si (14) [A].<br />
cxrili 4<br />
rekomendaciebi praqtikuli eqimebisaTvis<br />
evidensi bibliografia<br />
65 welze meti asakis orive<br />
kohortuli<br />
sqesis adamianebi,<br />
gamokvlevebiT 9%-Si<br />
romlebsac CautardaT kuW-<br />
aRmoCnda simsivne, rdanawlavis<br />
skriningi<br />
simsivneebze<br />
B<br />
19<br />
s mqone pacientebs 3jer<br />
ufro met<br />
SemTxvevaSi<br />
daudgindaT simsivnuri<br />
daavadeba.<br />
65 wlamde asakis orive<br />
sqesis adamianebSi gastroenteraluri<br />
traqtis<br />
skriningi<br />
B<br />
19<br />
kohortuli<br />
gamokvlevebiT 6%-Si<br />
aRmoCnda kuW-nawlavis<br />
simsivne<br />
13
da-s gamokvleva da mkurnaloba<br />
rda gamowveuli sisxldeniT diax dazustdes sisxldenis<br />
diagnostirebuli anamnezisa da mizezi<br />
gamokvlevis Sedegad<br />
ara<br />
sqema 2<br />
mamakacebi da qalebi, romlebsac diax 50w. meti asakis avadmyofebSi<br />
ara aqvT menstruacia kuW-nawlavis endoskopiuri<br />
ara<br />
da kolonoskopiuri gamokvleva.<br />
1 Tvis mkurnalobis Semdeg diax gagrZeldes mkurnaloba<br />
(Hb moimata 10-20 g/l metad) 2- 3 Tve.<br />
ara<br />
diagnozis dazusteba.<br />
Tu ara gvaqvs Sedegi vatarebT<br />
gamokvlevebs<br />
diagnozis dazustebis<br />
mizniT.<br />
A<br />
A<br />
randomizebuli gamokvlevebiT dadasturebulia kuW-nawlavis endoskopiuri<br />
gamokvlevis aucilebloba rda daavadebul 50 welze meti asakis mamakacebsa<br />
da qalebSi, romelTac ar aqvT menstrualuri cikli 47 [B].<br />
dadgenilia HH. bacteri-is roli rda-s ganviTarebaSi (21).<br />
Zalian xSirad rda-s gamomwvevi mizezi SeiZleba iyos ramdenime erTad:<br />
magaliTad menoragia, hipoaciduri gastriti, alimenturi deficiti da a.S.<br />
amitom aucilebelia daavadebis gamomwvevi yvela mizezis dazusteba.<br />
gansakuTrebiT yuradReba unda mieqces kuW-nawlavis paTologias, rom ar<br />
gamogvrCes kuW-nawlavidan sisxldena. sasurvelia gastroenterologis<br />
konsultacia (22, 23).<br />
Tu materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebi ar iZleva saSualebas, SeiZleba<br />
gamokvlevis I etapidan III-ze gadasvla. III etapze gansakuTrebulad unda<br />
gamaxvildes yuradReba kuW-nawlavis paTologiaze, rom ar gamogvrCes<br />
mxedvelobidan faruli sisxldena. Semdegi etapia mkurnalobis dawyeba 120 mg<br />
elementaruli rkiniT. Tu Hb-10g/l metad ar moimatebs hematokriti ki 3%-ze<br />
14
metad, saWiroa avadmyofis gagzavna hematologTan. anemiis mZime formebi<br />
Hb
da avadmyofTa mkurnalobis algoriTmi<br />
Hb 120 g/l maRali<br />
Ht 36% meti<br />
ara<br />
elementaruli rkina 100mg<br />
2 jer dReSi<br />
(dRiuri doza 200mg)<br />
sisxlis saerTo analizi<br />
hemoglobinis ganmeorebiTi analizi<br />
erT TveSi<br />
Hb momateba10 g/l da meti<br />
Ht 3% da meti<br />
gagrZeldes mkurnaloba<br />
3-4 Tve<br />
diax ara<br />
sqema #3<br />
diax ar saWiorebs mkurnalobas<br />
hematologis konsultacia<br />
anemiis sxva mizezebis dadgena<br />
mZime formis SemTxvevaSi avadmyofi igzavneba hematologTan da utardeba<br />
ufro Rrma gamokvlkevebi: sisxlis saerTo analizi, retikulocitebi, Sratis<br />
rkina, transferini, Sratis feritini da a.S. iniSneba rkinis preparatebi 200mg<br />
hemoglobinis, Sratis rkinis, feritinisa da sxva maCveneblebis<br />
normalizaciamde.<br />
eriTmasis gadasxma naCvenebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi Tu avadmyofs aqvs<br />
hipoqsiis gamoxatuli movlenebi.<br />
gansakuTrebul yuradRebas moiTxovs orsulTa rda, radgan swor<br />
mkurnalobaze damokidebulia orsulobisa da mSobiarobis normaluri<br />
mimdinareoba da nayofis ganviTareba. orsulTa da namSobiareb qalTa rda-s<br />
mkurnalobisa da profilaqtikis principebi mocemulia (26, 27, 28, 29, 30)<br />
cxrilSi #5.<br />
16
profilaqtika<br />
orsulebSi<br />
rda, romelic<br />
dadasturebulia<br />
laboratoriuli<br />
kriteriumebiT<br />
rda namSobiareb<br />
qalebSi<br />
rda profilaqtika da mkurnaloba<br />
komentari daniSnuleba<br />
CDC, amerikis pediatriis<br />
akademia, amerikis<br />
ginekologiis koleji, iZleva<br />
<strong>rekomendacia</strong>s _ pirveli<br />
vizitis Semdeg<br />
A<br />
Tu rda-s diagnozi<br />
dadasturebulia.<br />
gamoricxulia foliumis<br />
mJavis deficitiT gamowveuli<br />
anemia, vit.B 12 deficituri<br />
anemia, Talasemia da sxva<br />
saxis anemiebi.<br />
A<br />
namSobiarebi anemiis riskis<br />
mqone qalebis skriningi unda<br />
moxdes 4-6 kviraSi.<br />
A<br />
cxrili 5<br />
• vitaminebi da mineralebi<br />
• 30mg rkina<br />
yoveldRiurad<br />
• rkinis absorbciis<br />
gasaumjobeseblad<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas,<br />
rkinis danamatebi,<br />
vitaminebi da mineralebi.<br />
• wyliT<br />
• danamatebi ar unda iyos<br />
miRebuli rZiT,<br />
kalciumis<br />
preparatebTan, yavasa da<br />
CaisTan erTad.<br />
• 100-200mg rkina mTeli<br />
orsulobis<br />
ganmavlobaSi.<br />
• gadamowmdes 4 kviraSi<br />
Tu hemoglobinis<br />
raodenobam ar moimata<br />
10 g/l -ze metad<br />
hematokritma ki 3%.<br />
anemiis diagnozi unda<br />
gadamowmdes sxva<br />
testebiT.<br />
• rodesac hemoglobinis<br />
raodenoba gaxdeba<br />
normaluri - hestadiamde<br />
iniSneba 30mg rkina.<br />
• Tu riski ar aris, rkinis<br />
preparatebi unda<br />
Sewydes.<br />
• Tu anemia rCeba,<br />
mkurnaloba unda<br />
gagrZeldes, rogorc<br />
araorsul qalebSi.<br />
17
kinis<br />
preparatebis<br />
gamoyenebis<br />
winaaRmdeg<br />
Cveneba<br />
hemoglobinis<br />
maRali<br />
maCvenebeli<br />
gastrointestinaluri<br />
simptomebi - gulisreva,<br />
Rebineba, Seupovari<br />
(aratranzitoruli) faRaraTi<br />
an yabzoba aris winaaRmdeg<br />
Cveneba.<br />
A<br />
hemoglobinis maRali<br />
maCveneblebi<br />
A<br />
• SeecadeT minimumamde<br />
daiyvanoT diskomforti.<br />
• SewyviteT mkurnaloba<br />
rkinis preparatebiT.<br />
• Tu hemoglobini 150 g/l -ze<br />
metia hematokriti 45%<br />
metia.<br />
• SesaZlebelia<br />
hemoqromatozis<br />
arseboba.<br />
hematologis specialiastebis konsultacia saWiroa, rodesac:<br />
• hemoglobini > 150,0 g /l an hematokriti > 45%. me-2 da me-3 trimestrSi;<br />
• Tu hemoglobini naklebia 90 g /l an hematokriti
suspenzia _ 30 mg (6 mg elementuri rkina)<br />
wveTebi _ 75 mg (15 mg elementuri rkina)<br />
• rkinis glukonati _ tabletebi 300mg (35 mg elementuri rkina)<br />
suspenzia _ 60 mg (7 mg elementuri rkina)<br />
• rkinis fumarati 300 mg (90 mg elementuri rkina)<br />
mkurnalobis gverdiTi movlenebi _ peroraluri preparatebis miRebis<br />
Sedegad SeiZleba ganviTardes dispepsiuri darRvevebi (anoreqsia, gulisreva,<br />
simZimis SegrZneba epigastriumis areSi), yabzoba, zogjer diarea<br />
(gamonaklisia rkinis hidroqsid polimaltozuri kompleqsi). rkinis<br />
preparatebi ainhibireben tetraciklinebis, sulfanilamidebisa da<br />
trimetoprimebis Sewovas (gamonaklisia rkinis hidroqsid polimaltozuri<br />
kompleqsi). aRsaniSnavia, rom rkinis hidroqsid polimaltozuri kompleqsi<br />
praqtikulad ar urTierTqmedebs sxva medikamentebTan da sakveb produqtebTan<br />
(48).<br />
kvebasTan dakavSirebuli rCevebi. xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod<br />
kvebiT, ukve arsebuli rkinis deficitis gamosworeba SeuZlebelia. sakvebis<br />
saSualebiT adamianma SeiZleba miiRos mxolod adamianis<br />
cxovelmyofelobisaTvis saWiro rkinis yoveldRiuri raodenoba. swori<br />
sakvebis racionis SerCeva aucilebelia rda-s profilaqtikis mizniT. xorcis<br />
produqtebidan Seiwoveba rkinis 10-20%, mcenareulidan mxolod 1-5%.<br />
rkinis Sewova SeiZleba meryeobdes 1%-dan 40%-mde, rac damokidebulia<br />
sakvebis racionze sakvebSi rkinis “xelSemwyobTa”, “xelSemSlelTa” da<br />
inhibitorTa Tanaarsebobaze (32).<br />
yoveldRiur sakvebSi rkinis adeqvaturoba, anu bioaTvisebadoba SeiZleba<br />
gaumjobesdes kvebis stilis iseTi SecvliT, romelic iTvaliswinebs Sewovis<br />
xelSewyobis upiratesobas, inhibitorebis Semcirebas an orives erTad.<br />
rkinis Sewovis inhibitorebi: (33,34).<br />
• fitatebi _ xorbleuli, burRuleuli, maRali eqstraqciis fqvili,<br />
Txileuli da Teslebi;<br />
• fenolis naerTebi _ taninebi, Cai, yava, kakao, mcenareuli nayinebi,<br />
saneleblebi da zogierTi bostneuli;<br />
• kalciumi _ rZe, rZis produqtebi.<br />
rkinis Sewovis xelSemwyobebia:<br />
• hemuri rkina romelic gvxvdeba xorcSi, Sinaur frinvelSi, TevzSi da<br />
zRvis produqtebSi;<br />
• askorbinis mJava, anu vitamini C, romelic aris xilSi, xilis wvenebSi,<br />
kartofilSi da zogierT sxva gorglovan bostneulSi, agreTve<br />
parkosnebSi, yvavilovan kombostoSi da kombostoSi;<br />
• rkiniTa da vitaminebiT fortificirebuli produqtebi.<br />
kvebis stilis martivi cvlilebebi, rac aumjobesebs rkinis Sewovas:<br />
19
• Cais, yavis miReba sakvebis miRebidan 1-2 saaTis Semdeg, vinaidan sakvebi<br />
aRar imyofeba kuWSi da es produqtebi ver Seaferxeben rkinis Sewovas;<br />
• rZis, yvelis miReba kvebaTa Soris;<br />
• inhibitorebis Semcveli produqtebi moixmareba umetesad rkiniT Raribi<br />
sakvebis miRebis dros. mag. sauzmed rkinis dabali Semcvelobis<br />
marcvleuli (puri an simindis produqtebi) moixmareba CaisTan an rZis<br />
produqtebTan erTad. es ki uzrunvelyofs kalciumis adeqvatur miwodebas<br />
rkinis Sewovis Seferxebis gareSe;<br />
• sakvebTan erTad C vitaminiT mdidari produqtebis (xilis wveni,<br />
forToxali) miReba;<br />
• rkiniTa da vitaminebiT fortificirebuli produqtebis miReba.<br />
8. profilaqtika<br />
rda profilaqtika 3 nawilisagan Sedgeba. (35, 36, 37, 38, 39).<br />
I profilaqtika _ daavadebis ganviTarebis faqtorebis mocileba, maT Soris<br />
kvebis swori racionis SemuSaveba.<br />
II profilaqtika _ daavadebis adreuli gamovlena da mkurnaloba. am mizniT<br />
im pirebs, romlebic miekuTvnebian rda ganviTarebis risk-jgufebs (menometroragia,<br />
kuWis rezeqcia bilrot II wesiT, wvrili nawlavis rezeqcia da<br />
a.S.) weliwadSi erTxel unda Seumowmdes hemoglobinis maCvenebeli daavadebis<br />
drouli gamovlenisa da mkurnalobis mizniT [B] 46.<br />
III garTulebebis Semcireba _ am mizniT orsulebs saplimentaciis mizniT<br />
normaluri hemoglobinis pirobebSi eniSnebaT rkinis profilaqtikuri doza<br />
30mg mTeli orsulobisa da SemdgomSi laqtaciisas 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi (40,<br />
41, 42) [B].<br />
riskis jgufebSi Semaval pirebs, romlebic sxvadasxva mizeziT Rebuloben<br />
rkiniT Rarib sakvebs, eZlevaT rCeva moixmaron rkiniTa da vitaminebiT<br />
fortificirebuli sakvebi [A] (43, 44).<br />
sisxlis donorebma yoveldRiurad unda miiRon 20mg rkina 45 [C].<br />
hemoglobinisa da Hhematokritis normaluri maCveneblebi<br />
(WHO/UNICEF 1997)<br />
sqesi hemoglobinis g/l hematokriti<br />
mamakacebi 130-180 40-50%<br />
qalebi 120-160 36-44%<br />
cxrili 6<br />
20
hemoglobinisa da hematokritis doneebi, romlis qvemoTac<br />
populaciaSi anemia aReniSnebaT (WHO/UNICEF 1997)<br />
cxrili 7<br />
WHO Hb g/l CDC Hb g/l hematokriti Ht%<br />
mamakacebi
9. <strong>gaidlaini</strong>s gadasinjvisa da ganxilvis vada 2 weli<br />
10. <strong>gaidlaini</strong>s miRebis xerxi/wyaro<br />
<strong>gaidlaini</strong>s SemuSavebis meTodologia<br />
• mocemuli <strong>gaidlaini</strong>s Seqmnis procesSi samuSao jgufis mier moZiebul<br />
da Sefasebul iqna ukve arsebuli praqtikuli rekomedaciebi. SemuSavda<br />
arsebuli rekomendaciebis adaptirebuli varianti, romelic erTis<br />
mxriv pasuxobs saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs, xolo meores mxriv<br />
iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos samedicino dawesebulebaTa, rogorc<br />
adamianur, ise materialur-teqnikur resursebs.<br />
• <strong>klinikuri</strong> rekomendaciebis diagnostikisa da mkurnalobis Tanamedrove<br />
meTodebi, epidemiologiuri monacemebi moZiebul iqna eleqtronul<br />
bibliografiul bazaSi (Medline), (EMBASE), agreTve Google, Yahoo, Ramblet,<br />
Doctor Guide, Yandex saZiebo operatorebis meSveobiT da kohreinis<br />
biblioTekis bazaSi (The Cohrane Library 2006).<br />
• mocemuli <strong>gaidlaini</strong>s SemuSavebisas gamoyenebul iqna mxolod<br />
mtkicebulebiTi medicines monacemebi, mtkicebulebis donis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT.<br />
• avtorTa jgufis mier moZiebul iqna 1000-mde statia, referati da<br />
<strong>gaidlaini</strong>, romelTa analizis Sedegad gamoyofil iqna wyaro.<br />
aRniSnuli wyaroebi safuZvlad daedo <strong>klinikuri</strong> rekomendaciis Seqmnas.<br />
Mmtkicebulebis done da rekomendaciebis xarisxi<br />
done mtkicebulebis siZlieris done xarisxi rekomendaciebis xarisxi<br />
I.<br />
II<br />
III<br />
(Muir Gray)<br />
Zlieri mtkicebuleba, eyrdnoba<br />
minimum erT mimoxilvas,<br />
romelic efuZneba swori<br />
dizainis mqone randomizebul<br />
kontrolirebad kvlevas<br />
Zlieri mtkicebuleba, eyrdnoba<br />
minimum erTi swori dizainis<br />
mqone randomizebul<br />
kontrolirebad kvlevas<br />
<strong>klinikuri</strong> kvleva<br />
randomizaciis gareSe,<br />
kohortuli da SemTxvevakontrolis<br />
kvlevebi<br />
11. alternatiuli <strong>gaidlaini</strong> ar arsebobs<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
(Cook et al)<br />
eyrdnoba I donis<br />
mtkicebulebas da<br />
Sesabamisad mtkiced<br />
rekomendebulia<br />
eyrdnoba I donis<br />
mtkicebulebas da<br />
Sesabamisad<br />
rekomendebulia<br />
eyrdnoba III donis<br />
mtkicebulebas SeiZelba<br />
CaiTvalos Sesabamisad<br />
22
12. gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. Anemia , Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia, ILSI publication 2002;<br />
2. Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women and Children. Report of the<br />
UNICEF/WHO Regional Consultation 3-5 February 1999 Jeneva Switzerland;<br />
3. Iron Deficiency Anemia Assessmentx Prevention and Control. A guide for programme manajers,<br />
WNO/NHD/ 01-3;<br />
4. Iron Deficiency Anemia assessment, prewention and control report of a joint WHO /VN;CEF/<br />
UNV consultation Jeneva, WHO, 1998;<br />
5. Berger J. Dillon J. Control of iron deficiency in developing countries Sante 2002, 12, 1, 23;<br />
6. WHO. Iron Deficiency Anemia. Assessment, Preventia and control A Guide from Programme<br />
Manager 2001;<br />
7. Sharma VR, Brannon MA, Carloss EA, Effect of omeprazole on oral iron replacement in patients<br />
with iron deficiency anemia. South Med I. 2004; 97; 887-9;<br />
8. Iron Deficiency Anemia, prewent and control report WHO, 2002;<br />
9. Conrad ME, ShastriKA, Talowera F, Sacher Ra, Mckanna R, Besa EC. Iron deficiency Anemia<br />
Oct 4.2006;<br />
10. Demayer EM et. Al. Preventing and Controlling iron deficiency anemia through primary health<br />
care. Jeneva, WHO, 1989;<br />
11. WHO-EM /NUT/177-1996;<br />
12. Viteri F. WHO-EM/NUT-1996;<br />
13. Guatt GH, Oxman AD, Ali M, William A, Mellroy W, Patterson C.Laboratory diagnosis of iron<br />
deficiency anemia an overview LJ. Gen. Intern med 1992; 7: 145-53;<br />
14. Iannou GN. Spector J. Scott K, Rochey DC. Prospectiv evolution of a clinical guideline for the<br />
diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia. Am J. Meol 2002; 113: 281-7;<br />
15. Intragumtornchai T. Rojnukkarin P. Swasdikulnl D, Israsen a S. The role of serum ferritin in the<br />
diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in patients with liver cirrhosis. J. Intern Med 1998; 243: 233-<br />
41;<br />
16. Zuckerman K, Approach to the anemias-in; Cecil RL, Goldman L, Ausiello DA, Cecil Text boor<br />
of Medicine. 22nd ed Philadelphia, Pa; Saunders 2004-969;<br />
17. Kellip S. Bennett J. M. Chambars MD. Iron deficiency anemia J. American Family Physiciam<br />
March 2007 V. 75 No5;<br />
18. Rockey DC, Cello JP. Evalution of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with iron deficiency<br />
anemia. N Engl J. Med 2001 329: 1691-1695;<br />
19. Goddard A.F. Mc Intyre AS. Scott B.B. Guidelines for the management of the iron Deficiency<br />
Anemia. British Society of Gastroenterology Gut 2000; 46 suppl 3-4 : V1-V5;<br />
20. Rockey DC. Simple Luideline entroduced for Diagnosing, Eveluating Iron Deficiency Anemia.<br />
Am J. Med 2002; 113; 281-87;<br />
21. Annibal B. Capurso G, Lahier E et al, Con cominant alternations in intragastric PH and Ascorbin<br />
Acid concentration in ratient with H. Pilorv gastrites and associated iron deficiency anemia Gut,<br />
2003, 52, 496;<br />
22. Guidelines and Protocol Advisory Committee Lnvestigation and Management of Iron Deficiency<br />
Revised 2004;<br />
23. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Relationship of iron-deficiency anemia with esophagitis and hiatal hernia;<br />
hospital fingings from a prospective, population based study. Am J. Gastroenterology 2001; 96:<br />
322-6;<br />
24. Cook JD. Newer aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency. American Society of<br />
Hematology Educational Program Book, 2003: 40-61;<br />
25. Cook JD. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia. Best Pract Res Clien Haematol<br />
2005; 18: 319-2;<br />
26. Bothwell Th. Iron requirements in pregnancy and strategies to meet them. Am J. Clin Nutr 2000:<br />
72 257S-264S;<br />
23
27. Cuervo LG. Mahomed K. Treatments for iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy (Cochrane Revien).<br />
In: the Cochrane Library, Jssue 2, 2003: Ox ford: Update Software;<br />
28. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Recommended Guideliens for the Prevention, detection and Management<br />
Among V.S. Children and Women of Childbearing Age. Institute of Medicine. National Academi<br />
Press. Washington, D.C.-1993;<br />
29. Mahomed K. Iron suplplementation in pregnancy (Cochrane Review). In: The Coclrane Library,<br />
Issue 2 2003 Oxford: Update Software;<br />
30. Stolhzfus RS. Dreyfuss ML. Guidelines for the use of Iron supplements tu Prevent and Treat Iron<br />
Deficiency INACG 2005;<br />
31. Crosby WH. The rational for treating Iron deficiency anemia. Arch Intern Med 1984; 144:471-2;<br />
32. Hallberg L. IDA-WHO-EM/NUT 7-1996;<br />
33. Disler Pb.\, Lynch SR, Chartion RW, Torrance JD, Bottwell Th, Walker RB et al. The effect of tea<br />
on iron absbortion Gut 1975; 16:193-200;<br />
34. Hallberg L, Rossander L, Skanberg AB. Phytates and the inhibitory effect of bran on Iron<br />
absorbation in man Am. J. Clin Nutr 1987;45;988-96;<br />
35. Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination. Canadian Luide to Clinical Preventive<br />
Health Care. Ottawa: Minister of Sapply and services Canada 1994: 244-53;<br />
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Iron Deficiency – United Stats. MMWR 1998; 47<br />
(No, RR-3) 1:29;<br />
37. Goddord A.F. et al. Guidelines for the management of iron Deficiency Anemia. Gut 2000; 46<br />
(suppl 4) iv1-iv5;<br />
38. Goddard A.F., James M. W. , Melntyre A.S., Scott BB. Luidlines for the management of iron<br />
deficiency. 2005;<br />
39. US Departament of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control. Recommendations<br />
to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United states. MMWR 1998; 47 (RR3): 1-36;<br />
40. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Rountine iron supplementation during pregnancy. JHMA<br />
1993; 270: 2846-2854;<br />
41. Allen L. Anemia and Iron Deficiency, Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes. Am J. Clin Nutr 2000; 71:<br />
1280S -1284S;<br />
42. Healthy eating during pregnancy and lactation. WHO Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen<br />
1998;<br />
43. Iron. In: DRI, dietary Refrence Inraes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boren, Chromium,<br />
Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium and Zinc.<br />
Washington, D.C. National Academy Press, 2001;<br />
44. Stoltzfus R, Dreyfuss M, Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplementation to Prevent and Treant<br />
Iron Deficiency Anemia. INAGG /WHO/ UNICEF (1998);<br />
45. Radtke H, Tegtmeir S, Rocker L, Salama A, Kiesewetter H. Daily doses of 20mg of elementar<br />
iron compensate for iron loss in regular blood donors: a randomized, double-blind placebo –<br />
controlled study. Transfussion 2004; 44: 1427-32;<br />
46. Vardon F. Burnard B, Stubi CL, Bonard C G raff M, Michaud A et al, Iron supplementation for<br />
anexplained fatigue in non-anemic women double bleeding randomized placebo controlled trail<br />
BBj 2003:326:1124;<br />
47. Ioannou J.N. Rockey D.C. Bryson C, L, Wess N,S. Iron deficiency and gastrointestinal<br />
malignancy; a population – based cohort study. Am J. med 2002; 113: 276-80;<br />
48. Geisser P. In vitro studies on interactions of iron salts and complexes with food-stuffs and<br />
medicaments. Arzneimittelforschung 1990 Jul;40(7):754-60.<br />
24
13. avtorTa jgufi<br />
saqarTevlos hematologTa da transfuziologTa asocialcia<br />
⇒ nino lolaSvili _ s.s hematologiisa da transfuziologiis<br />
samecniero kvleviTi institutis wamyvani mecnier muSaki,<br />
medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, sdasu sruli profesori;<br />
⇒ genadi iosava _ s.s hematologiisa da transfuziologiis<br />
samecniero kvleviTi institutes sameTvalyureo sabWos wevri,<br />
transfuziologiuri samsaxuris xelmZRvaneli. saqarTvelos<br />
transfuziologTa da hematologTa asociaciis prezidenti,<br />
medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, Tssu sruli profesori;<br />
⇒ marina abaSiZe _ s.s hematologiisa da transfuziologiis<br />
⇒<br />
samecniero kvleviTi institutes direqtori, Tssu asocirebuli<br />
profeosori;<br />
mamia zodelava _ saxelmwifo samedicino universitetis onkohematologiuri<br />
departamentis direqtori, sruli profesori;<br />
⇒ marina bogveliSvili _ s.s hematologiisa da transfuziologiis<br />
samecniero kvleviTi institutes wamyvani mecnier muSaki,<br />
medicinis mecnierebaTa doqtori, sruli profesori.<br />
eqspertebi:<br />
⇒ saojaxo medicinis profesionalTa kavSiri _ irina qarosaniZe;<br />
⇒ saojaxo medicinis eqspertTa jgufi, romelic aerTianebs<br />
Tbilissa da sxva regionebSi moqmedi saojaxo medicinis<br />
saswavlo<br />
eqimebs;<br />
centris warmomadgenlebs m.S. praqtikos ojaxis<br />
⇒ saqarTvelos hematologTa da transfuziologTa asociaciis 2007<br />
wlis 5 noembris sxdomis daskvna;<br />
⇒ lela woworia _ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
socialuri dacvis saministros jandacvis departamenti;<br />
⇒ Tea TavidaSvili _ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da<br />
socialuri dacvis saministros jandacvis departamenti.<br />
25