"Lungatgs dattan buca giu da tschiel" (1) Contribuziuns ... - pro idioms
"Lungatgs dattan buca giu da tschiel" (1) Contribuziuns ... - pro idioms
"Lungatgs dattan buca giu da tschiel" (1) Contribuziuns ... - pro idioms
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"<strong>Lungatgs</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>ttan</strong> <strong>buca</strong> <strong>giu</strong> <strong>da</strong> tschiel" (1)<br />
(In commentari <strong>da</strong> Alexi Decurtins, october 2012)<br />
<strong>Contribuziuns</strong> che secumpleteschan<br />
Cuort in suenter l`auter ha Bernard Cathomas,<br />
anteriur Secretari general <strong>da</strong>lla Lia<br />
Rumantscha, publicau duas contribuziuns<br />
<strong>da</strong>vart la politica <strong>da</strong> lungatg romontscha. En la<br />
revista Bündner Monatsblatt (1/2012) schizzescha<br />
el la historia <strong>da</strong> ver 30 onns lungatg<br />
unitar Rumantsch Grischun. El secund<br />
artechel, sut il tetel "Sprachen fallen nicht vom<br />
Himmel", sedrova el detschartamein<br />
d`indoctrinar, co la planisaziun linguistica sto<br />
sefar e ch`ella sappi e vegni buc ad esser<br />
autruisa.<br />
Che "lungatgs <strong><strong>da</strong>ttan</strong> <strong>buca</strong> <strong>giu</strong> <strong>da</strong> tschiel", san<br />
ins confirmar senz`auter. Mo sch`igl ei ils<br />
carstgauns pertuccai che fan, drovan e<br />
sviluppeschan il lungatg, ei il meini d`in<br />
enconuschent lexicograf talian <strong>buca</strong> fallius,<br />
sch`el scriva: "<strong>Lungatgs</strong> ein <strong>buca</strong> <strong>pro</strong>ducts<br />
<strong>da</strong>lla natira, mobein neschan <strong>da</strong> forzas che<br />
vegnan ord l`ierta ed ord la cuminonza<br />
organisa<strong>da</strong> e vivi<strong>da</strong>" (2). Per ordinari pia <strong>buca</strong><br />
lungatgs artificials u <strong>da</strong> pupi.<br />
Cumparegliaziuns ughegia<strong>da</strong>s<br />
Per sustegn <strong>da</strong> quei ch`el di alleghescha igl autur<br />
exempels <strong>da</strong> translataders che han <strong>da</strong>u al<br />
lungatg scret no<strong>da</strong> particulara. Per l`ina il<br />
muntg Notker Labeo <strong>da</strong>lla claustra <strong>da</strong> Sogn<br />
Gagl, entuorn ils 1100, cun translaziuns dil latin<br />
el lungatg <strong>da</strong> scartira vegl-tudestg. Per l`autra ,<br />
550 onns pli tard, Jachem Bifrun, cun ils<br />
emprems cudischs stampai en lungatg<br />
romontsch puter. Ils texts <strong>da</strong>d omisdus<br />
translataders ein buc adina capeivels per nus<br />
Romontschs <strong>da</strong>d oz.
Las cumparegliaziuns ein risca<strong>da</strong>s. Ellas<br />
pertuccan aschibein el cass <strong>da</strong> Notker sco en<br />
quel <strong>da</strong> Bifrun persunas scola<strong>da</strong>s, gie <strong>da</strong> duns<br />
extraordinaris, capavlas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>r al svilup dil<br />
lungatg in stausch special. Igl ei denton evident<br />
ch`els han omisdus buc arau prau dir, mobein<br />
che lur prestaziun ei il resultat d`ina liunga<br />
perio<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> madiraziun dil lungatg ditg avon els<br />
(3).<br />
Cathomas parta <strong>da</strong>ll`idea, ch`el fa dretg per ses<br />
intents, che era il tudestg e talian, sco lungatgs<br />
"artificials" <strong>da</strong> cultura cun funcziun ulivonta,<br />
seigien la finala <strong>da</strong>ventai lungatgs naziunals<br />
impurtonts. Qualificar quels dus sco lungatgs<br />
"artificials" d`uliva<strong>da</strong> (Ausgleichssprachen) ei<br />
gia per sesez singular. Cumparegliar els denton<br />
cun lungatgs minoritars sco il romontsch pli che<br />
mo <strong>pro</strong>blematic.<br />
L`umbriva <strong>da</strong> Caspar Decurtins<br />
Sco atgna enfiarla scientifica ei la disciplina<br />
"planisaziun dil lungatg" encomuschenta <strong>da</strong>pi<br />
circa ils onns 1970. Quella mo<strong>da</strong> relativamein<br />
<strong>giu</strong>vna d`observar il lungatg, derivonta<br />
oriun<strong>da</strong>mein ord cerchels sociopolitics, suon<strong>da</strong><br />
Cathomas (4). Quei ch`ei iu or<strong>da</strong>von a quella<br />
semuossa ad el sco ina cadeina <strong>da</strong> pass <strong>da</strong><br />
planisaziun per part reussi, per part sbagliai<br />
(emprems documents dil 16avel e 17avel secul,<br />
statuts civils e <strong>giu</strong>ridics, cudischs <strong>da</strong> scola,<br />
eav.). In svilup che ha <strong>pro</strong>moviu l`identitad<br />
romontscha, mo che ha adina puspei subiu<br />
terra<strong>da</strong>s e trumpa<strong>da</strong>s (Sforzs d`unificaziun).<br />
En quei si e <strong>giu</strong> cumparta igl autur a Caspar<br />
Decurtins ina rolla plitost negativa. L`ovra<br />
monumentala <strong>da</strong> Decurtins, la Crestomazia<br />
retoromontscha - oz schizun recaltgabla digl<br />
internet - ha alzau gron<strong>da</strong>mein la valur e<br />
munta<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> lungatg e cultura. Las lavurs <strong>da</strong><br />
preparaziun vi<strong>da</strong> quella han <strong>da</strong>u vau alla<br />
"Renaschientscha romontscha" che ha
dominau il tschancun naven <strong>da</strong>lla secun<strong>da</strong><br />
mesa<strong>da</strong>d dil 19avel tschentaner tochen alla sava<br />
<strong>da</strong>lla Secun<strong>da</strong> uiara mundiala (5).<br />
Denton eisi gest: Sco um politic ha Decurtins cun<br />
intervegnir 1887 el Cussegl grond <strong>da</strong>u il culp<br />
decisiv al diever "selvadi" e nuncontrollau dil<br />
lungatg <strong>da</strong> fusiun <strong>da</strong> Bühler (lungatg unitar) ed<br />
era argumentau e declarau siu agir (6). El era lu<br />
en contact cun Frédéric Mistral e saveva <strong>da</strong>llas<br />
spetgas e difficultads <strong>da</strong>lla renaschientscha<br />
neo<strong>pro</strong>venzala. Nunditgond ils gronds sforzs ed<br />
il fatg ch`ins ha undrau Mistral cun il premi<br />
Nobel per siu epos epic "Mireìo", ei il<br />
moviment <strong>buca</strong> gartegiaus <strong>da</strong> num ed ei ius a<br />
fin en un<strong>da</strong>s academicas ed intellectualas (7). Ils<br />
<strong>pro</strong>blems aunc oz <strong>buca</strong> sligiai denter il lungatg<br />
serb e croat fuvan medemamein<br />
beinenconuschents a Decurtins.<br />
Cun sia retenientscha enviers em<strong>pro</strong>vas<br />
d`unificaziun era Decurtins <strong>buca</strong> persuls. La<br />
Surselva cun Pader Baseli Carigiet, re<strong>da</strong>ctur<br />
Placi Condrau e la Conferenza scolastica<br />
refusavan unisono il lungatg <strong>da</strong> fusiun (8). En<br />
l`Engiadina fuva in ferm moviment <strong>da</strong><br />
cultivaziun linguistica sin via cun las lavurs <strong>da</strong><br />
Zaccaria Pallioppi (<strong>da</strong>vart l`ortogrgafia,<br />
l`ortoepia/<strong>pro</strong>nunzia, las fuormas dils verbs e la<br />
lexicografia) (9). Ils Ladins ein sefatschentai<br />
mo gest agl ur cun il lungatg <strong>da</strong> fusiun. Schizun<br />
Pallioppi sez cumbatteva quel cun mintga<br />
caschun.<br />
Entras la scartira dil romanist Heinrich Morf<br />
(universitads <strong>da</strong> Berna e Turitg) ha la front <strong>da</strong><br />
refusa en Surselva sco ell`Engiadina survegniu<br />
il sustegn e la confirmaziun quasi <strong>giu</strong>d<br />
scantschala (10).<br />
"Ins fagess in puccau vid la <strong>giu</strong>ventetgna retica",<br />
scriva Morf, "<strong>da</strong>d engular siu temps cun far<br />
emprender ella il romontsch fusiunau ni<br />
schiglioc in auter lungatg artificial aunc aschi<br />
bein patertgaus e formaus". E plinavon: "Il<br />
franzos cumin ei <strong>buca</strong> sesviluppaus aschia
ch`ins ha priu in artechel normannic (Nord<br />
<strong>da</strong>lla Frontscha) e mess el avon in substantiv<br />
burgundic (Burgogna; Dijon) ed aschuntau a<br />
quel in adverb poitevin (sid <strong>da</strong>lla Frontscha;<br />
Poitiers) en in vest<strong>giu</strong> latinisont. Il franzos<br />
cumin ei in dialect <strong>da</strong>u che las relaziuns<br />
politicas, reli<strong>giu</strong>sas, socialas e litteraras - e <strong>buca</strong><br />
la voluntad dils grammatichers - han scaffiu e<br />
<strong>da</strong>u ad el ina surpeisa viers ils auters dialects:<br />
il dialect <strong>da</strong>ll`Isle de France cun Paris, sia<br />
residenza omnipresenta e tuttschaffonta".<br />
A Morf han ins re<strong>pro</strong>schau ch`el hagi redi<strong>giu</strong> sia<br />
scartira en entelgientscha cun Caspar<br />
Decurtins e per far in plascher agl um <strong>da</strong>lla<br />
politica e <strong>da</strong>lla cultura. La scartira seigi<br />
trasatras partischonta (11).<br />
Repassan ins denton il carnet <strong>da</strong> Morf, fan ins<br />
persenn ch`el se<strong>pro</strong>fundescha <strong>da</strong> rudien el<br />
concept <strong>da</strong> Bühler e ch`el eruescha las vias, las<br />
stortas e mi<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> quel.<br />
Lungatg fusiunau ed RG<br />
Igl ei ni pusseivel ni dueivel <strong>da</strong> vuler<br />
cumparegliar il lungatg unitar <strong>da</strong> Bühler cun il<br />
<strong>pro</strong>ject RG. Denton per certas varts<br />
(appreziaziuns falli<strong>da</strong>s, mi<strong>da</strong><strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> strategia,<br />
svia<strong>da</strong>s en posiziuns ideologicas, frequentas<br />
manipulaziuns, success e nunsuccess) semeglian<br />
las duas em<strong>pro</strong>vas ualti fetg ina l`autra.<br />
Per l`emprema il dogma steri ch`ina cuminonza<br />
linguistica, seigi ella <strong>da</strong> quella u d`autra<br />
specia, stoppi per tut prezi haver in lungatg<br />
cumineivel surre<strong>giu</strong>nal. In tal medium seigi<br />
perquei necessaris cuosti tgei ch`ei vegli; in<br />
lungatg fatgs <strong>giu</strong>d la planera, bein ponderaus,<br />
<strong>da</strong>us liber e derasaus il pli spert pusseivel,<br />
senza risguard alla vusch <strong>da</strong>llas unfren<strong>da</strong>s ed a<br />
consequenzas pusseivlas.<br />
Las stentas <strong>da</strong> Bühler han fatg naufragi<br />
oravontut perquei ch`el mi<strong>da</strong>va <strong>da</strong>fertontier siu
lungatg e ch`el deva a quel pli e pli ina fuorma<br />
artificiala.<br />
Tier l`elavuraziun dil RG, nua ch`il maun<br />
coordinont digl autur, Heinrich Schmid,<br />
maunca displascheivlamein <strong>da</strong>pi 1999,<br />
semuossan semeglionts prighels e disposiziuns<br />
dispiteivlas. Giuvens romanists che<br />
collaboravan cun mei a siu temps vid la<br />
preparaziun dil HDR (Manual dil<br />
retoromontsch) han fatg <strong>da</strong> bial`entschatta in`<br />
interessanta scuvretga. Il RG cuntegni sut e<br />
sura ina <strong>pro</strong>centuala <strong>da</strong> 60 % elements<br />
sursilvans. Ils rebels encunter il RG en Surselva<br />
dueigien pia seremetter, secalmar e schar<br />
stgisar.<br />
Cun l`applicaziun carschenta dil RG e cun vuler<br />
contonscher spert in numnader general per la<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rdisaziun, cro<strong>da</strong> il RG facticamein pli e<br />
pli fetg sin in sulom sursilvan. Igl ei <strong>buca</strong> <strong>da</strong> far<br />
curvien ch`ils Engiadines cun lur liunga<br />
tradiziun <strong>da</strong> lungatg cultivau han pauca<br />
capientscha persuenter.<br />
Planisar il "status " plitost ch`il "corpus"<br />
La cardientscha nunballucconta vid in lungatg<br />
uniu surre<strong>giu</strong>nal cloma senz`auter il basegns<br />
absolut <strong>da</strong> mi<strong>da</strong>r <strong>da</strong> rudien il caracter dil<br />
moviment romontsch.<br />
Il meglier selai quei far cun sustener la<br />
planisaziun dil status/schientscha e stuschar<br />
anavos la planisaziun dil<br />
corpus/ierta/patrimoni (12).<br />
Gia ditg avon la fun<strong>da</strong>ziun <strong>da</strong>lla Lia Rumantscha<br />
(1919) han ils Romontschs <strong>giu</strong> quitau <strong>da</strong> lur<br />
patrimoni. Els han rimnau, archivau, ediu e<br />
commentau. Quei sforz ha recaltgau ad els<br />
vocabularis, grammaticas, ina litteratura<br />
considerabla, fontaunas <strong>giu</strong>ridicas, cudischs <strong>da</strong><br />
scola, cudischs <strong>da</strong> canzuns, bibliografias, detgas<br />
e praulas e studis etnografics <strong>da</strong> valur.
Per in secretari <strong>da</strong>lla LR eisi concernent la<br />
communicaziun segir <strong>buca</strong> lev <strong>da</strong> semover<br />
tgunsch e slucca<strong>da</strong>mein el spessom idiomatic.<br />
Tut tenor la derivonza han ils incumbensai<br />
adempliu denton lur pensum bein ed endretg.<br />
Surcarga<strong>da</strong> ei l`instituziun LR sta<strong>da</strong> pér dil<br />
mument ch`ins ha instra<strong>da</strong>u la nova strategia.<br />
Il romontsch cumineivel (coinè) dueigi <strong>buca</strong> mo<br />
vegnir rinforzaus, mobein era derasaus sin las<br />
pli differentas vias. Ina finamira impurtonta<br />
dils planisaders <strong>da</strong> lungatg ei sta<strong>da</strong> ed ei <strong>da</strong>d<br />
eruir novs areals e d`occupar e tener quels pil<br />
romontsch.<br />
Vegn vitier che la LR ha stuiu stretganir sias<br />
structuras per motivs finanzials. Ella ha<br />
decentralisau la lavur pratica <strong>da</strong> mintgadi ed ha<br />
aschia <strong>da</strong>u or<strong>da</strong>maun ed ordeifer cunzun<br />
pensums impurtonts en loghens periclitai.<br />
Orientaziun anoviars e sias consequenzas<br />
L`orientaziun anoviars (politica, economia,<br />
medias), il pass a pèr e sil medem scalem culs<br />
auters vischins grischuns, tudestgs e talians, ha<br />
carschentau la presenza romontscha ella<br />
publicitad. Ella ha era alzau la schientscha<br />
romontscha. Mo sco ins sa seperschuader: Las<br />
mesiras van buc afuns ed ein nuotzun <strong>da</strong> cuoz.<br />
Ei maunca oravontut la glieud qualifica<strong>da</strong> per<br />
mantener ed emplenir il niev "imperi". Buca <strong>da</strong><br />
smarvegliar ch`ins va pli e pli alla tscherca <strong>da</strong><br />
forzas persuenter ordeifer la Romontschia <strong>da</strong><br />
tschep.<br />
Il siemi <strong>da</strong> Jacob, "la scala che meina alla gra<strong>da</strong><br />
en tschiel", che gia Gion Antoni Bühler<br />
desiderava, ei buc ius en vigur.
Per exemplificar: Ils onns 1980 ein vegni fatgs<br />
sforzs serius per introducir empau il romontsch<br />
ell`Arma<strong>da</strong>. Ins ha formau in lungatg <strong>da</strong><br />
commando per quei intent e <strong>pro</strong>curau per<br />
divers entrui<strong>da</strong>ments commensurai per aschia<br />
gudignar schul<strong>da</strong>us (fisiliers; battagliun,<br />
cumpignia). Cun far valer ch`il persunal decisiv<br />
<strong>da</strong> cader maunchi (officiers, sutofficiers) e che<br />
la voluntad <strong>da</strong>d insumma scaffir talas unitads<br />
seigi onz fleivla, han ins la finala renunziau a<br />
tut e <strong>da</strong>u la caussa en sesez empermettenta per<br />
piarsa.<br />
Il medem schabegia cun l`occupaziun <strong>da</strong>llas<br />
universitads entras il romontsch. Enstagl <strong>da</strong><br />
secuntentar cun paucas mo soli<strong>da</strong>s entschattas,<br />
han ins extendiu e diversificau las purschi<strong>da</strong>s.<br />
Denton han ins sutestimau ch`il Seminari<br />
scolastic a Cuera, quella fueina <strong>da</strong> scolasts<br />
romontschs ei ius els tgauns e che nuot staupa<br />
aunc ussa quella largia bein ed endretg. La<br />
munconza <strong>da</strong> glieud scola<strong>da</strong> aposta ed<br />
oravontut <strong>da</strong> students vegn a sfurzar<br />
<strong>da</strong>cheudenvi ch`ins serestrenschi al pusseivel e<br />
raschuneivel.<br />
Minoritads europeas sededestan<br />
En sia contribuziun fa Cathomas allusiun al fatg<br />
che biaras minoritads linguisticas ed etnicas<br />
semuentan oz. Mo era quei fan ins bein <strong>da</strong><br />
reveder. Cun l`excepziun <strong>da</strong> certinas (per<br />
semeglia dil catalan cun sia veglia historia e<br />
ferma economia, cun in territori relativamein<br />
cumpact, ina etnia ch`il temps franchist ha<br />
scultschanau malamein, ni <strong>da</strong>lla Norvegia<br />
ecnomicamein flurenta cun sias duas fuormas<br />
coexistentas <strong>da</strong> lungatg scret), ein ils success <strong>da</strong><br />
minoritads plitost scars.<br />
Nua sesanflan oz autras minoritads: il furlan, il<br />
ladin central el Tirol dil sid, il franco<strong>pro</strong>venzal<br />
el Piemont, il lungatg gualser sillas costas sid
<strong>da</strong>llas Alps, il breton ed igl occitan (<strong>pro</strong>venzal)<br />
en Frontscha? Co stat ei veramein cul lungatg<br />
sorb en Tiaratudestga ni cul lungatg frisic sillas<br />
inslas ?<br />
Bunas premissas per surviver<br />
El Grischun triling ed ella Svizra federativa ha il<br />
romontsch en general bunas premissas <strong>da</strong><br />
sesviluppar e surviver.<br />
Caspar Decurtins ha viu clar e bein nua che la<br />
raschun-clav persuenter schai sper igl agid dil<br />
stadi. Il romontsch seigi, enviers autras<br />
minoritads europeas, bein enragischaus en las<br />
vischnauncas e re<strong>giu</strong>ns. Da leu vegni la forza<br />
<strong>da</strong> resistenza e la vitalitad. Quei ha el<br />
communicau dil reminent a scret a siu<br />
correspondent Frédéric Mistral (13).<br />
Alla tscherca d`in plan <strong>da</strong> lavur general<br />
Ils onns 1980 ha Cathomas <strong>pro</strong>poniu in plan<br />
cumplessiv <strong>da</strong> siat puncts. Considerau <strong>da</strong>doravi<br />
fa quel ina buna impressiun. Secapescha ei igl<br />
autur pertscharts ch`ei <strong>da</strong>t <strong>buca</strong> <strong>pro</strong>grams,<br />
seigien quels aunc schi perfetgs, che cuarclan e<br />
sligian tuttas difficultads.<br />
Sin fun<strong>da</strong>ment <strong>da</strong>llas experientschas eisi denton<br />
lubiu <strong>da</strong> far enzacontas enzennas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mon<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Tgi sa e duei garantir als Romontschs in<br />
territori francau ed uniu, el qual il RG, sco<br />
fuorma <strong>buca</strong> discurri<strong>da</strong>, fa veramein senn ni<br />
nua ch`el ha e vegn ad haver il surmaun sper<br />
ils <strong>idioms</strong>? Tgi ei stgis <strong>da</strong> far valer en talas eras<br />
<strong>pro</strong>tegi<strong>da</strong>s in svilup economic bastont? E sco ils<br />
fatgs muossan: Tgi sa sfurzar si ni ordinar alla<br />
scola populara romontscha in niev lungatg scret<br />
cumineivel?<br />
"Ils scolars hagien il dretg fun<strong>da</strong>mental <strong>da</strong> <strong>buca</strong><br />
vegnir disturbai sd sviai en lu scolaziun cun<br />
em<strong>pro</strong>vas e pretensiuns inadequatas", scriva il
derschader administrativ tudestg ed expert <strong>da</strong><br />
scola, Jörg Berkemann. El ei staus confruntaus<br />
en ina fasa preparativa cun massivas criticas <strong>da</strong><br />
geniturs e scolars partenent la nova ortografia<br />
dil tudestg <strong>da</strong> scartira. E vinavon di el:<br />
"Sulettamein finamiras cumineivlas<br />
raschuneivlas fussen el cass <strong>da</strong> legitimar ch`ins<br />
intervegni els dretg fun<strong>da</strong>mentals" (14).<br />
Viu <strong>da</strong>lla situaziun actuala <strong>da</strong>lla scola<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>mentala romontscha stuess il suandont<br />
<strong>da</strong>r <strong>da</strong> patgertgar. Sche 90 % <strong>da</strong>llas<br />
vischnauncas romontschas u digl intschess<br />
romontsch giavischan la scolaziun populara<br />
idiomatica, ston ins <strong>buca</strong> ir lunsch alla tscherca<br />
dil "beinesser cumin" (Gemeinwohlzweck) che<br />
Berkemann postulescha per saver intervegnir<br />
<strong>giu</strong>ridicamein.<br />
Bilinguitad dils Romontschs<br />
La bilinguitad dils Romontschs ei buc in <strong>pro</strong>duct<br />
<strong>da</strong> nos dis. Ei ha adina <strong>giu</strong> num <strong>da</strong> tgamunar e<br />
direger la relaziun tudestg-romontscha<br />
precautamein ed aschia ch`ella porscha ina<br />
vera plivaleta. Ina nova fuorma <strong>da</strong> romontsch,<br />
decreta<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> suren<strong>giu</strong> ("Logica <strong>da</strong> suren<strong>giu</strong>"),<br />
vegn plitost a derscher la carga che <strong>da</strong> menar<br />
ella a buna fin.<br />
Il success nunspitgau dil RG seigi <strong>da</strong>ventaus il<br />
crap <strong>da</strong> scarpetsch per el sez, manegia il<br />
re<strong>da</strong>ctur Pieder Camina<strong>da</strong> zanua ella<br />
"Südostschweiz". Ins sa considerar la caussa<br />
aschia. Il success medial "scuflentau" e<br />
giavischau sin empustaziun san ins denton era<br />
valetar autruisa. Eisi <strong>buca</strong> plitost aschia ch`il<br />
RG smanatscha <strong>da</strong> trer sesez ed ils <strong>idioms</strong><br />
ensemen alla perdiziun? Meglier fuss ei<br />
carteivel <strong>da</strong> tschercar ina ballontscha an<strong>da</strong>nta e<br />
verdeivla denter ils dus e <strong>da</strong> tschentar<br />
prioritads el moviment linguistic e cultural che<br />
secunfan culs basegns effectivs dils
Romontschs. La relaziun numna<strong>da</strong> survart<br />
partenent <strong>idioms</strong> ed RG en scola duess <strong>buca</strong> far<br />
rumpatgau per "<strong>giu</strong>star" la stadera e quei era<br />
en connex culla finanzas.<br />
Bratsch a bratsch cullas medias<br />
Cun <strong>pro</strong>mover sapientivamein ferms ligioms<br />
cullas medias (Bündner Zeitung/Südostschweiz,<br />
etc.) ha la Lia Rumantscha serrau ina ferma<br />
allianza. Ina situaziun Win-win sco ella<br />
secloma. Eisi <strong>pro</strong>pi aschia, ni ei la schinumna<strong>da</strong><br />
`Unique Sells Proposition` <strong>buca</strong> plitost "unica"<br />
en quei senn ch`ella lubescha <strong>da</strong> controllar quei<br />
che cuora e passa, el cass vertent <strong>da</strong> scartar e<br />
cuschentar sistematicamein tut quei che plai<br />
buc?<br />
Vuler far dils fatgs romontschs in tema<br />
permanent ella pressa <strong>buca</strong>-romontscha ei bi ed<br />
endretg, cuntegn denton era prighels e<br />
crutschs. Tals ein semussai savens il <strong>da</strong>vos<br />
temps. Denter auter en connex cun la gasetta dil<br />
di "La Quotidiana" e cun siu entretschament e<br />
sia finanziaziun en e cun la ANR (Agentura <strong>da</strong><br />
novitads rumantscha). Ella ei sepalesa<strong>da</strong> a<br />
caschun ch`il Parlament federal ha priu quatier<br />
a Flem (atun 2006). E lu oravontut en las<br />
discussiuns senza fin cun il schurnalist Urs<br />
Paul Engler <strong>da</strong>lla "Weltwoche" (15). Plinavon<br />
en las debattas cun directur Andreas Wieland<br />
en vesta a munconzas <strong>da</strong> scolaziun tudestga<br />
d`emprendists romontschs. Buca <strong>da</strong><br />
tschintschar dils <strong>pro</strong>blems <strong>da</strong>lla scola populara<br />
romontscha <strong>da</strong>d oz.<br />
Communicaziuns <strong>da</strong>vart il romontsch ein savens<br />
unilateralas e manifestamein empala<strong>da</strong>s. Buca<br />
<strong>da</strong>rar tunan ellas auter en organs romontschs e<br />
tudestgs, tenor la devisa quei che Gion sto<br />
saver, ei <strong>buca</strong> caussa <strong>da</strong> Pieder. Tgei finamira<br />
han per semeglia descripziuns englesas dil<br />
<strong>pro</strong>blem <strong>da</strong> scola en Val Müstair ella gasetta
americana "The Wallstreet Journal" (son<strong>da</strong>, ils<br />
1 <strong>da</strong> settember 2011) ni cloms <strong>da</strong> Cassandra<br />
ella gasetta turitgesa <strong>da</strong> bulvard "20 minutas"<br />
(dils 5 d`october 2012) che scungiran<br />
omisduas la fin dil romontsch senza il RG sco<br />
tschenta <strong>da</strong> salvament?<br />
Summa summarum san ins constatar: Cun<br />
derasar cuntinua<strong>da</strong>mein dispetas e rabantschas<br />
ellas medias <strong>buca</strong>-romontschas, fan ins ir si la<br />
futa als vischins grischuns e svizzers, talmein<br />
che lur capientcha e pazienzia arriva als<br />
cunfins.<br />
Mo tgisà, forsa ei quei giavischau. La <strong>da</strong>vosa<br />
consequenza <strong>da</strong>ll`allianza descretta ei evidenta.<br />
Ils planisaders sestentan aviartamein u el<br />
zuppau <strong>da</strong> gudignar ils Grischuns ch`els<br />
mettien finalmein igl tgau denter la ureglias als<br />
Romontschs. "Dueigien ils Romontschs decider<br />
persuls en <strong>da</strong>mon<strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> politica <strong>da</strong><br />
lungatg?"(16) Quels plaids en la contribuziun<br />
<strong>da</strong> Cathomas vegnan per aschi<strong>da</strong>dir neutier en<br />
scalfins. Ver eisi denton che l`idea<br />
"strubegia<strong>da</strong>" ei allerta gia <strong>da</strong>ditg els tgaus <strong>da</strong><br />
beinenqualin. Eisi ussa <strong>da</strong> crer ch`ils iniziants<br />
hagien mi<strong>da</strong>u peil, sch`els sedistanzieschan<br />
tuttenina per <strong>buca</strong> calar? Sco ins sa leger<br />
vinavon eisi aschia "ch`ils auters convotants [ils<br />
Grischuns d`auter lungatg] san gi<strong>da</strong>r la<br />
minoritad romontscha <strong>da</strong> prender decisiuns che<br />
surmuntan ils interess particulars e ch`ein per<br />
ella a liunga vesta meglieras!" (17).
Las admoniziuns <strong>da</strong> Romedi Arquint e Martin<br />
Candinas <strong>da</strong> sepertgirar <strong>da</strong> talas <strong>pro</strong>postas<br />
malmaneivlas e lur consequenzas vegn ins a<br />
nu<strong>da</strong>r sco ei descha.<br />
Il siemi <strong>da</strong> Vieli mess ora autramein<br />
Alla fin <strong>da</strong> siu tractat "<strong>Lungatgs</strong> <strong><strong>da</strong>ttan</strong> <strong>buca</strong> <strong>giu</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong> tschiel" vegnan ils tuns adina pli vivs e<br />
recents. Igl autur empunescha vid in siemi <strong>da</strong><br />
Ramun Vieli (Regurdientschas 39, screts 1949).<br />
Professer Vieli ha instruiu alla Scola cantunala a<br />
medem temps scolars ord igl entir intschess<br />
sursilvan-renan e surmiran. El e siu amitg e<br />
mentur, Gion Cahannes, ein vegni a fri<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
formar in lungatg <strong>da</strong> scartira cun claras<br />
conturas. Libers <strong>da</strong> siemis relativescha Vieli il<br />
meglier sez ils fatgs. "L`elavuraziun d`in<br />
lungatg <strong>da</strong> scartira renan ei mo ina <strong>da</strong>mon<strong>da</strong><br />
dil temps. Absolutamein falliu fuss ei <strong>da</strong> vuler<br />
buglir quel cun la varianta ladina" (18).<br />
La visiun <strong>da</strong> Vieli ei enconuschentamein buc i<strong>da</strong><br />
diltut en vigur. Mo gest en quei connex san ins<br />
<strong>buca</strong> spargnar alla Lia Rumantscha ina certa<br />
re<strong>pro</strong>scha ch`ella ha frenau sia <strong>pro</strong>posta e<br />
<strong>pro</strong>moviu bona fide suenter 1944 ina nova<br />
fuorma scretta dil sutsilvan.<br />
Structuras sclavina<strong>da</strong>s<br />
Alla fin sa sias observaziuns sto igl autur<br />
Cathomas conceder che las structuras<br />
romontschas, ch` el ha sez duvrau ed empalau<br />
en mo<strong>da</strong> suverana, ein oz ualti mal en pugn.<br />
Inaga la Lia Rumantscha sezza, cun magras<br />
finanzas, senza ina clara mira, lu ils centers<br />
re<strong>giu</strong>nals che piteschan medemamein d`in cal<br />
d`orientaziun e ch`ein tut auter che innovativs<br />
ed attents.
En ina scartira nunpublica<strong>da</strong>, redigi<strong>da</strong> la fin <strong>da</strong><br />
2011, menziunescha Martin Bundi chei seigi<br />
per semeglia <strong>buca</strong> fatg cun observar, co il<br />
romontsch en Val d`Alvra ed autrora tschessi,<br />
mobein ch`ei fussi urgent d`intervegnir ed agir.<br />
Sia vasta "recetta" partenent la situaziun<br />
actuala dil romontsch savess porscher il<br />
fun<strong>da</strong>ment per ina discussiun intensiva, co la<br />
politica futura romontscha duei vegnir dirigi<strong>da</strong><br />
denter ils Romontschs ed ensemen cul Cantun e<br />
la Confederaziun (19).<br />
Annotaziuns:<br />
1 B. CATHOMAS, Sprachen fallen nicht vom Himmel. Zur Sprachplanung in der<br />
Rätoromania, en: Schriften des Arbeitskreises für interregionale Geschichte des<br />
mittleren Alpenraumes, Bd. 2/2012, 125-147; Red.: Gerhard Wanner/GeorgJäger;<br />
Scurs.: CATHOMAS, 2012.<br />
2 N. ZINGARELLI, Vocabolario della lingua italiana. Novissima edizione<br />
interamente riveduta, 1944; pref.: "La lingua è opera di civiltà e non di natura".<br />
3 A. DECURTINS, Ge<strong>da</strong>nken zum Thema "Das Engadin und seine (literarische)<br />
Schrifttradition", en: BM 1/2004, 51 ss. - Per Bifrun par. MARIA H.J-.<br />
FERMIN, Le Vocabulaire de Bifrun <strong>da</strong>ns sa traduction des quatre évangiles, p.<br />
11 "Bifrun, le notaire montagnard, doit être considéré comme un génie<br />
linguistique hautement doué".<br />
4 A strategias socialpoliticas, <strong>da</strong>llas ga "manipulontas", sereferescha la scartira<br />
<strong>da</strong>lla Banca Julius Bär & Co SA dils 3 <strong>da</strong> matg 1979 (Ord il "Wochenbericht der<br />
Bank Julius Bär & Co SA", tiposcret, 4 paginas). - Par. era R. CORAY,<br />
Rumantsch Grischun: Sprach- und Machtpolitik in Graubünden, en: Ann.<br />
123/2010, 147-165.<br />
5 C. FRY, Caspar Decurtins (1855-1916). Il campiun della Renaschientscha<br />
romontscha. Ed. LR (senza <strong>da</strong>tum).<br />
6 C. DECURTINS, Crestomazia Retoromontscha, vol. 4/2, pp. 974-76.<br />
7 Bettina BERTHER, Gl`interess dils Romontschs sper la mar per ils Romontschs<br />
sin las alps, en: Ann. 123/2010, 47, cunzun 72 ss.<br />
8 G. DEPLAZES, Geschichte der sprachlichen Schulbücher im romanischen<br />
Rheingebiet. Arbeiten zur Psychologie, Pä<strong>da</strong>gogik und Heilpä<strong>da</strong>gokik, vol. 1, 93<br />
ss. - Par. G.GADOLA, Pader Baseli Carigiet e siu temps (1811-1883), en: Ischi<br />
XLVI, 81 ss.., cunzun 119 ss.<br />
9 H. MORF, Die sprachlichen Einheitsbestrebungen in der rätischen Schweiz,<br />
Bern 1888, cunzun p. 41 ss.<br />
10 Il Sursilvan, nr. 44 dils 16.12 1896, p.71 ss. Excurs rhätoromonsch: "La<br />
partischaunta<strong>da</strong>d ei lient trop transparenta <strong>da</strong>ll`ançetta tochen la fin".<br />
11 CATHOMAS 2012, 125 s. 129 s.<br />
12 Par. nota 7.<br />
13 Der Spiegel, nr. 44 dils 28.10, 1996, p. 71. Logik von oben. ("Ist die Reform vor<br />
den Gerichten zu stoppen? Verfassungsrechtler sehen Chancen").
14 Tages-Anzeiger, gievgia, ils 24 <strong>da</strong> matg 2007, Analyse 11. D. FOPPA: Seldwyla<br />
auf Rätoromanisch. Zur Rassismusklage gegen Urs Paul Engler.<br />
15 Boulevard-Blast "20 Minuten" dil venderdis, ils 5 d`october 2012. "Vegn igl agid<br />
memia tard? FRIBURG. Avon 30 onns ei vegniu scaffiu in lungatg <strong>da</strong> scartira<br />
cumineivel pils dialects (sic) retorom,ontschs.<br />
16 CATHOMAS 2012, 141 s.<br />
17 Südostschweiz, gievgia, ils 24 <strong>da</strong> matg 2012. Re<strong>giu</strong>n 3. DeniseALIG,<br />
Voksinitiative zu Romanischunterricht wird vorbereitet.<br />
18 R.VIELI, Das Ringen der Rätoromanen um ihre Muttersprache, Sep. "Rätia",<br />
fevrer 1938, 12. - Par. era LQ, dils 21 <strong>da</strong> fevrer 2011, 11, A. DECURTINS, Scola<br />
primara romontscha e rumantsch grischun.<br />
19 M. BUNDI, Zur Situation des Rätoromanischen in Graubünden. (december<br />
2011, ms. copia , 17 paginas).