The Vascular Flora of the Catskill Mountain Region - Olive Natural ...

The Vascular Flora of the Catskill Mountain Region
(Ulster, Sullivan, Delaware, Greene and Schoharie Counties, New York)
Morton S. Adams and Steven J. Parisio
Olive Natural Heritage Society, Inc. 212 High Point Mountain Road,
West Shokan, New York 12494
email: madams@mail.nysed.gov
LYCOPODIOPHYTA
LYCOPODIALES
HUPERZIACEAE
Huperzia appressa (Desvaux) A. & D. Love (Mountain fir-moss)
Huperzia lucidula (Michaux) Trevisan (Shining fir-moss)
LYCOPODIACEAE
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum (Michaux) A. Haines (Prickly tree club-moss)
Dendrolycopodium hickeyi (W. H. Wagner, Beitel & Moran) A. Haines (Hickey’s club-moss)
Dendrolycopodium obscurum (Linnaeus) A. Haines (Flat-branched tree club-moss)
Diphasiastrum digitatum (Dillenius ex A. Braun) Holub (Southern ground-cedar)
Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub (Ground pine)
Lycopodella inundata (Linnaeus) Holub (Northern bog club-moss)
Lycopodium clavatum Linnaeus (Running-cedar)
Spinulum annotinum (Linnaeus) A. Haines (Bristly club-moss)
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginella rupestris (Linnaeus) Spring (Rock spike-moss)
Isoëtes lacustris Linnaeus (Lake Quillwort)
ISOETACEAE
EQUISETOPHYTA
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense Linnaeus (Field horsestail)
Equisetum fluviatile Linnaeus (River horsetail)
Equisetum x litorale Kuhlewein ex Ruprecht
Equisetum hyemale Linnaeus (Common scouring rush)
Equisetum hyemale Linnaeus subsp. affine (Engelmann) Calder & Roy L. Taylor
Equisetum sylvaticum Linnaeus (Wood horsetail)
Equisetum variegatum Schleicher ex F. Weber & D. Mohr (Variegated scouring rush)
Equisetum variegatum Schleicher ex F. Weber & D. Mohr subsp. variegatum
POLYPODIOPHYTA
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
1

Botrychium dissectum Sprengel (Dissected grapefern)
Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmelim) Angstrom (Triangle moonwort)
Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmelim) Angstrom subsp. angustisegmentum (Pease &
A. H. Moore) R. T. Clausen (Narrow triangle mooonwort)
Botrychium matricariifolium (Doll) A. Braun ex W. D. J. Koch (Daisy-leaf moonwort)
Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House (Blunt-lobed grapefern)
Botrychium virginianum (Linnaeus) Swartz (Common grapefern)
Ophioglossum pusillum Rafinesque (Northern adder’s-tongue)
OSMUNDACEAE
Osmunda cinnamomea Linnaeus (Cinnamon fern)
Osmunda claytoniana Linnaeus (Interrupted fern)
Osmunda regalis Linnaeus (Royal fern)
Osmunda regalis Linnaeus var. spectabilis (Willdenow) A. Gray
PTERIDACEAE
Adiantum pedatum Linnaeus (Northern maidenhair)
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michaux) D. C. Eaton in Emory (Hairy lip-fern)
Cryptogramma stelleri (S. G. Gmelin) Prantl in Engler (Slender cliff-brake)
Pellaca atropurpurea (Linnaeus) Link (Purple cliff-brake)
VITTARIACEAE
Vittaria appalachiana Ferrar & Mickel (Appalachian shoestring fern)
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michaux) T. Moore (Hay-scented fern)
Pteridium aquilinum (Linnaeus) Kuhn in Decken (Brachen)
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum (Desvaux) L. Underwood ex A. Heller
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Phegopteris connectilis (Michaux) Watt (Northern beech fern)
Thelypteris noveboracensis (Linnaeus) Nieuwland (New York fern)
Thelypteris palustris Schott (Marsh fern)
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald
BLECHNACEAE
Woodwardia virginica (Linnaeus) Smith (Virginia chain fern)
ASPLENIACEAE
Asplenium platyneuron (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg (Ebony spleenwort)
Asplenium rhizophyllum Linnaeus (Walking fern)
Asplenium trichomanes Linnaeus (Maidenhair spleenwort)
Asplenium trichomanes Linnaeus subsp. trichomanes
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
Athyrium filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth ex Mertens (Lady fern)
Athyrium filix-femina (Linnaeus) Roth ex Mertens var. angustum (Willdenow) G. Lawson
Cystopteris bulbifera (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (Bulblet bladder fern)
2

Cystopteris fragilis (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (Fragile fern)
Cystopteris tenuis (Michaux) Dessvaux (Mackay’s brittle fern)
Deparia acrostichoides (Swartz) M. Kato (Silvery-spleenwort)
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun (Narrow-leaved glade fern)
Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson (Mountain wood fern)
Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H. P. Fuchs (Spinulose wood fern)
Dryopteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell (Clinton’s wood fern)
Dryopteris cristata (Linnaeus) A. Gray (Crested wood fern)
Dryopteris fragrans (Linnaeus) Schott (Fragrant wood fern)
Dryopteris goldiana (Hooker ex Goldie) A. Gray (Goldie’s wood fern)
Dryopteris intermedia (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) A. Gray (Evergreen wood fern)
Dryopteris marginalis (Linnaeus) A. Gray (Marginal wood fern)
Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Linnaeus) Newman (Common oak fern)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (Linnaeus) Todaro (Ostrich fern)
Matteuccia struthiopteris (Linnaeus) Todaro var. pensylvanica (Willdenow) C. V. Morton
Onoclea sensibilis Linnaeus (Sensitive fern)
Polystichum acrostichoides (Michaux) Schott (Christmas fern)
Polystichum braunii (Spenner) Fée (Braun’s holly fern)
Woodsia ilvensis (Linnaeus) R. Brown (Rusty cliff fern)
POLYPODIACEAE
Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham (Appalachian polypody)
Polypodium virginianum Linnaeus (Rock polypody)
CONIFEROPHYTA
PINACEAE
Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller (Balsam fir)
Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (Tamarack)
Picea abies (Linnaeus) H. Karsten (Norway spruce)
Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (White spruce)
Picea mariana (Miller) Britten, Sterns, & Poggenberg (Black spruce)
Picea pungens Engelmann (Colorado blue spruce)
Picea rubens Sargent (Red spruce)
Pinus resinosa Aiton (Red pine)
Pinus rigida Miller (Pitch pine)
Pinus strobus Linnaeus (Eastern white pine)
Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus (Scotch pine)
Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus var. sylvestris
Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carriére (Eastern hemlock)
CUPRESSACEAE
Juniperus communis Linnaeus (Common juniper)
Juniperus communis Linnaeus var. depressa Pursh
Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus (Eastern red-cedar)
Juniperus virginiana Linnaeus var. virginiana
Thuja occidentalis Linnaeus (Northern white-cedar)
Taxus canadensis Marshall (Canada yew)
TAXACEAE
3

Brasenia schreberi J. Gmelin (Water-Shield)
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray (Fanwort)
ANGIOSPERMS
NYMPHAEALES
CABOMBACEAE
NYMPHAECEAE
Nuphar variegata Engelm ex Durand in Clinton (Yellow Pondlily)
Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Aiton (White Waterlily)
Asarum canadense Linnaeus (Wild Ginger)
Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus (Tulip Tree)
Lindera benzoin (Linnaeus) Blume (Spicebush)
Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees (Sassafras)
Acorus calamus Linnaeus (Sweetflag)
PIPERALES
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
MAGNOLIALES
MAGNOLIACEAE
LAURALES
LAURACEAE
ACORALES
ACORACEAE
ALISMATALES
ARACEAE
Arisaema triphyllum (Linnaeus) Schott ex Schott & Endl. (Jack-in-the-Pulpit)
Calla palustris Linnaeus (Wild Calla)
Lemna minor Linnaeus (Duckweed)
Spirodela polyrhiza (Linnaeus) Schleid. (Giant Duckweed)
Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. (Skunk-Cabbage)
ALISMATACEAE
Alisma subcordatum Rafinesque (Water-Plantain)
Sagittaria engelmanniana Sm. (Englemann’s Arrowhead)
Sagittaria latifolia Willdenow (Wapato)
4

Sagittaria rigida Pursh (Arrowhead)
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John (Waterweed)
HYDROCHARITACEAE
POTAMOGETONACEAE
Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerm. (Pondweed)
Potamogeton bicupulatus Fernald (Pondweed)
Potamogeton diversifolius Rafinesque (Pondweed)
Potamogeton epihydrus Rafinesque (Pondweed)
Potamogeton nodosus Poir. (Pondweed)
Potamogeton pusillus Linnaeus (Pondweed)
NAJADACEAE
Najas flexilis (Willdenow) Rostk. & Schmidt (Mermaid Weed)
Smilax herbacea, Linnaeus (Jacob’s-Ladder)
Smilax rotundifolia Linnaeus (Greenbrier)
LILIALES
SMILACACEAE
LILIACEAE
Clintonia borealis (Aiton) Rafinesque (Woodlily)
Clintonia umbellulata (Michaux) Morong (Speckled Woodlily)
Erythronium americanum Ker (Yellow Adder’s-Tongue)
Hemerocallis fulva (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Orange Day-lily)
Lilium canadense Linnaeus (Canada Lily)
LIlium philadelphicum Linnaeus (Wood Lily)
Maianthemum canadense Desf. (False Lily-of-the-Valley)
Maianthemum racemosum Linnaeus (False Solomon’s-Seal)
Maianthemum trifolium Linnaeus (False Solomon’s-Seal)
Medeola virginiana Linnaeus (Indian Cucumber-Root)
Ornithogalum umbellatum Linnaeus (Star-of-Bethlehem)
Polygonatum biforum (Walt.) Ell. (Small Solomon’s-Seal)
Polygonatum commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) Dietr. (Large Solomon’s-Seal)
Polygonatum pubescens (Willdenow) Pursh (Solomon’s-Seal)
Scilla siberica Haw. ex Andr. (Scilla)
Streptopus amplexifolius (Linnaeus) de Candolle (White Mandarin)
Streptopus lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal (Rose Mandarin)
Trillium erectum Linnaeus Purple Trillium)
Trillium grandiflorum (Michaux) Salisb. (White Trillium)
Trillium undulatum Willdenow (Painted Trillium)
Uvularia grandiflora Sm. (Bellwort)
Uvuaria sessilifolia Linnaeus (Wild-Oats)
Veratrum viride Aiton (False Hellebore)
ASPARAGALES
ORCHIDACEAE
5

Coeloglossum viride (Linnaeus) Hartm. (Long-bracted Orchid)
Corallorhiza maculata (Rafinesque) Rafinesque (Spotted Coral-Root)
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willdenow) Nutt. (Autumn Coral-Root
Corallorhiza trifida Chat. (Pale Coral-Root)
Cypripedium acaule Aiton (Pink Ladyslipper)
Epipactis helleborine (Linnaeus) Crantz (Helleborine)
Goodyera pubescens (Willdenow) R. Br. (Downy Rattlesnake-Plantain)
??Isotria
Platanthera blephariglottis (Willdenow) Lindl. (White Fringed Orchid)
Platanthera clavellata (Michaux) Luer (Green Woodland Orchid)
Platanthera flava (Linnaeus) Lindl. (Tubercled Orchid)
Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl. (Large Purple Fringed Orchid)
Platanthera huronensis (Nuttal) Lindley (Green Bog Orchid)
Platanthera lacera (Michaux) G. Don (Ragged Fringed Orchid)
Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. (Round-Leaved Orchid)
Platanthera psycodes (Linnaeus) Lindl. (Small Purple Fringed Orchid)
Pogonia ophisglossoides (LInnaeus) Juss. (Rose Pogonia)
Spiranthes cernua (Linnaeus) L. Rich. (Nodding Lady’s-Tresses)
Spiranthes lacera (Rafinesque) Rafinesque (Slender Lady’s-Tresses)
Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. ex Britt. (Three-birds Orchid)
IRIDACEAE
Iris siberica Linnaeus (Siberian Iris)
Iris versicolor Linnaeus (Blue Flag)
Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller (Blue-Eyed Grass)
Sisyrinchium montanum Greene (Blue-Eyed Grass)
Allium canadense Linnaeus (Wild Garlic)
Allium tricoccum Aiton (Wild Leek, Ramp)
Allium vineale Linnaeus (Field Garlic)
Asparagus officialis Linnaeus (Asparagus)
Convallaria majalis LInnaeus (Lily-of-the-Valley)
Commelina communis Linnaeus (Dayflower)
Tradescantia virginiana Linnaeus (Spiderwort)
Pontederia cordata Linnaeus (Pickerel-Weed)
Sparganium americanum Nutt. (Bur-Reed)
Sparganium angustifolium Michaux (Bur-Reed)
AMARYLLIDACEAE
ASPARAGACEAE
COMMELINALES
COMMELINACEAE
PONTEDERIACEAE
POALES
TYPHACEAE
6

Sparganium erectum Linnaeus (Bur-Reed)
Typha angustifolia Linnaeus (Narrow-Leaf Cat-Tail)
Typha latifolia Linnaeus (Common Cat-Tail)
JUNCACEAE
Juncus acuminatus Michaux (Sharp-Fruited Rush)
Juncus articulatus Linnaeus (Jointed Rush)
Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fernald (Narrow-Panicled Rush)
Juncus bufonius Linnaeus (Toad-Rush)
Juncus canadensis Gay ex LaHarpe (Canada Rush)
Juncus dudleyi Wiegand (Dudley’s Rush)
Juncus effusus (Linnaeus) (Common Rush)
Juncus gerardii Loisel (Black-Grass)
Juncus marginatus Rostk. (Grass-Leaf Rush)
Juncus pelocarpus Meyer (Brown-fruited rush)
Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Cov.& S. Blake (Rush)
Juncus tenuis Willdenow (Slender Yard-Rush)
Luzula acuminata Rafinesque (Hairy Wood-Rush)
Luzula bulbosa A. Wood (Wood-Rush)
Luzula echinata (Small) Fernald & Wiegand (Wood-Rush)
Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej. (Wood-Rush)
Luzula parviflora (Ehrh.) Desv. (Small-Flowered Wood-Rush)
CYPERACEAE
Bulbostylis capillaris (Linnaeus) Clarke (Sand-Rush)
Carex aestivalis Curtis ex A. Gray (Sedge)
Carex albicans ?? (Sedge)
Carex albursina Sheldon (Sedge)
Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. (Sedge)
Carex appalachica Webber & Ball (Sedge)
Carex arctata Boott ex Hooker (Sedge)
Carex argyrantha (Sedge)
Carex atlantica Bailey (Sedge)
Carex baileyi Boott (Sedge)
Carex blanda Dewey (Sedge)
Carex bromoides Schkuhr ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. ex Lam. (Sedge)
Carex bushii Mackz. (Sedge)
Carex canescens Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex cephaloidea Muhl. ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex communis Bailey (Sedge)
Carex comosa Boott (Sedge)
Carex conoidea Schkuhr ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex crawfordii Fernald (Sedge)
Carex crinita Lam. (Sedge)
Carex cristatella Britt.ex Britt. & Brown (Sedge)
Carex debilis Michaux (Sedge)
Carex deweyana Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex digitalis Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex echinata Murr. (Sedge)
Carex flava Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex folliculata Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex gracillima Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex gracilescens Steud. (Sedge)
7

Carex grisea Wahl. (Sedge)
Carex gynandra Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex hirsutella, Mackz. (Sedge)
Carex hirtifolia Mackz. (Sedge)
Carex interior Bailey (Sedge)
Carex intumescens Rudge (Sedge)
Carex lacustris Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. (Sedge)
Carex laxiculmis Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex laxiflora Lam. (Sedge)
Carex leptalea Wahl. (Sedge)
Carex leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald (Sedge)
Carex limosa Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex lurida Wahl. (Sedge)
Carex magellanica Lamarck (Sedge)
Carex novae-angliae Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex pallescens Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex pauciflora Lightfoot (Sedge)
Carex peckii Howe (Sedge)
Carex pedunculata Muhl.ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex pensylvanica Lam. (Sedge)
Carex plantaginea Lam. (Plantain Sedge)
Carex platyphylla Carey (Broad-Leaf Sedge)
Carex prasina Wahl. (Sedge)
Carex projecta Mackz. (Sedge)
Carex radiata (Wahl.) Small (Sedge)
Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex scabrata Schwein. (Sedge)
Carex scoparia Schkuhr ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex seorsa Howe ex Gord. & Howe (Sedge)
Carex sparganioides Muhl. ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex sprengelii Dewey ex Spreng. (Sedge)
Carex squarrosa Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex sterilis Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex stipata Muhl. ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex stricta Lam. (Tussock-Sedge)
Carex swanii (Fernald) Mackz. (Sedge)
Carex tenera Dewey (Sedge)
Carex tonsa (Fernald) Bickn. (Sedge)
Carex torta Boott ex Tuckerm. (Sedge)
Carex tribuloides Wahl. (Sedge)
Carex trisperma Dewey (Sedge)
Carex tuckermanii Dewey (Sedge)
Carex utriculata (Boott) Bailey (Sedge)
Carex vesicaria Linnaeus (Sedge)
Carex virescens Muhl. ex Willdenow (Sedge)
Carex vulpinoidea Michz. (Sedge)
Cyperus dentatus Torrey (Cyperus)
Cyperus esculentus Linnaeus (Yellow Nut-Grass)
Cyperus squarrosus Linnaeus (Cyperus)
Cyperus strigosus Linnaeus (Galingale)
Dulichum arundinaceum (Linnaeus) Britt. (Three-Way Sedge)
Eleocharis aricularis (Linnaeus) R. & S. (Hairgrass)
Eleocharis elliptica Kunth (Slender Spikerush)
Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. (Spikerush)
8

Eleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes
Eleocharis palustris (Linnaeus) R. S. (Creeping Spikerush)
Eriophorum vaginatum Linnaeus (Tussock cotton-grass)
Eriophorum virginicum Linnaeus (Tawny Cottongrass)
Fimbristylis autumnalis (LInnaeus) R. & S. (Sedge)
Rhynchospora alba (Linnaeus) Vahl (White Beakrush)
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Gmel. (Soft-Stem Bulrush)
Scirpus atrocinctus Fernald (Northern Bulrush)
Scirpus atrovirens Willdenow (Bulrush)
Scirpus x peckii Britt. (Peck’s Bulrush)
Scirpus cyperinus (Linnaeus) Kunth (Woolgrass)
Scirpus expansus Fernald (Wood Bulrush)
Scirpus hattorianus Makino (Bulrush)
Scirpus microcarpus Presl (Bulrush)
Scirpus pedicellatus Fernald (Bulrush)
Scirpus polyphyllus Vahl (Leafy Bulrush)
POACEAE
Agrostis canina Linnaeus (Velvet Bent)
Agrostis capillaris Linnaeus (Colonial Bent)
Agrostis gigantea Roth (Redtop)
Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. (Southern Hairgrass)
Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. (Autumn Bent)
Agrostis scabra Willdenow (Hairgrass)
Agrostis stolonifera Linnaeus (Creeping Bent)
Alopecurus partensis Linnaeus (Meadow Foxtail)
Andropogon gerardi Vitman (Big Bluestem)
Anthoxanthum odoratum Linnaeus (Sweet vernalgrass)
Apera interrupta (Linnaeus) Beauv. (Silky Bentgrass)
Aristida dichotoma Michaux (Poverty-Grass)
Arrhenatherum elatius (Linnaeus) Beauv. ex Presl & Presl (Tal Oatgrass)
Avena fatua Linnaeus (Oats)
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb. ex Spreng.) Beauv. (Bearded Shorthusk)
Bromus ciliatus Linnaeus (Fringed Brome)
Bromus commutatus Schrad. (Hairy Chess)
Bromus hordeaceus Linnaeus (Soft Chess)
Bromus inermis Leyss. (Smooth Brome)
Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. (Canada Brome)
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willdenow (Canada Brome)
Bromus secalinus Linnaeus (Cheat)
Bromus tectorum Linnaeus (Downy Chess)
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michaux) Beauv. (Bluejoint Grass)
Cinna arundinacea Linnaeus (Stout Woodreed)
Cinna latifolia (Trev. ex Goepp.) Griseb. (Drooping Woodreed)
Dactylis glomerata Linnaeus (Orchard Grass)
Danthonia compressa Austin (Northern Oatgrass)
Danthonia spicata (Linnaeus) Beauv. ex R. & S. (Poverty-Grass)
Deschampsia flexuosa (Linnaeus) Trin. (Common Hairgrass)
Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark (Panic Grass)
Dichanthelium boreale (Nash) Freckmann (Northern Panic Grass)
Dichanthelium clandestinum (Linnaeus) Gould (Deer-Tongue
Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhlenberg) Gould (Poverty Panic Grass)
Dichanthelium dichotomum (Linnaeus) Gould (Panic Grass)
Dichanthelium latifolium (Linnaeus) Gould & C. Clark (Panic Grass)
Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn.ex Nash) Gould (Panic Grass)
9

Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl. (Smooth Crabgrass)
Digitaria sanguinalis (Linnaeus) Scop. (Tall Crabgrass)
Echinochloa crusgalli (Linnaeus) Beauv. (Barnyard Grass)
Echinochloa esculenta ?? (Japanese Millet)
Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fernald (Cockspur Grass)
Elymus canadensis Linnaeus (Canada Wild-Rye)
Elymus hystrix Linnaeus (Bottlebrush)
Elymus riparius Wiegand Marsh Wild-Rye)
Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willdenow (Wild-Rye)
Elymus virginicus Linnaeus (Virginia Wild-Rye)
Elymus wiegandii Fernald (Weigand Wild-Rye)
Elytrigia repens (Linnaeus) Nevski (Quackgrass)
Eragrostis capillaris (Linnaeus) Nees (Lacegrass)
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Mosher (Stinkgrass)
Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. (Lovegrass)
Eragrostis minor Host (Lovegrass)
Eragrostis pectinacea (Michaux) Nees (Lovegrass)
Eragrostis pilosa (Linnaeus) Beauv. (India Lovegrass)
Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (Purple Lovegrass)
Festuca filiformis Pourret (Hair Fescue)
Festuca rubra Linnaeus (Red Fescue)
Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexe’ev (Nodding Fescue)
Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina (Sheep Fescue)
Glyceria acutiflora Torrey (Mannagrass)
Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder (Northern Mannagrass)
Glyceria canadensis (Michaux) Trin. (Rattlesnake Grass)
Glyceria grandis S. Wats. (Reed Meadowgrass)
Glyceria melicaria (Michaux) Hubb.
Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. (Fowl Mannagrass)
Holcus lanatus Linnaeus (Velvet Grass)
Holcus mollis Linnaeus (Velvet Grass
Hordeum jubatum Linnaeus (Wild Barley)
Leersia oryzoides (Linnaeus) Sw. (Rice Cutgrass)
Leersia virginica Willdenow (Whitegrass)
Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. Darbyshire (Tall Fescue)
Lolium perenne Linnaeus (English Ryegrass)
Lolium partense (Hudson) S. Darbyshire (Meadow Fescue)
Milium effusum Linnaeus (Milletgrass)
Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fernald (Wirestem Muhly)
Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willdenow) Trin. (Spike Muhly)
Muhlenbergia mexicana (Linnaeus) Trin. (Satin-Grass)
Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. (Nimble-Will)
Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willdenow) BSP. (Woodland Drop-Seed)
Oryzopsis asperifolia Michaux (Spreading Ricegrass)
Oryzopsis pungens (Torrey ex Spreng.) Hitchc. (Small Ricegrass)
Oryzopsis racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex Hitchc. (Ricegrass)
Panicum capillare Linnaeus (Witchgrass)
Panicum dichotomiflorum Muhl. (Smooth Panic Grass)
Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. (Woodland Witch Grass)
Panicum virgatum Linnaeus (Switchgrass)
Phalaris arundinacea LInnaeus (Reed Canary-Grass)
Phleum partense Linnaeus (Timothy)
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. (Common Reed)
Poa alsodes A. Gray (Speargrass)
Poa annua Linnaeus (Speargrass)
Poa compressa Linnaeus (Canada Bluegrass)
10

Poa languida Hitchcock (Languid Bluegrass)
Poa nemoralis Linnaeus (Wood Bluegrass)
Poa palustris Linnaeus (Fowl Bluegrass)
Poa partensis Linnaeus (Kentucky Bluegrass)
Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand (Old-Pasture Bluegrass)
Poa trivialis Linnaeus (Rough Bluegrass)
Schizachne purpurascens (Torrey) Swallen (False Melic)
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash (Little Blue-Stem)
Secale cereale Linnaeus (Rye)
Setaria faberi Herrm. (Gaint Foxtail)
Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes (Yellow Foxtail)
Setaria viridis (Linnaeus) Beauv. (Green Foxtail)
Sorghastrum nutans (Linnaeus) Nash ex Small (Indian Grass)
Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torrey ex A. Gray) Wood (Poverty Grass)
Torreyochloa pallida (Torrey) Church (Pale Mannagrass)
Tridens flavus (LInnaeus) Hitchcock (Purpletop)
Ceratophyllum demersum Linnaeus (Coontail)
Ceratophyllum echinatum A. Gray (Coontail)
NOT PLACED ON ORDER
CERATOPHYLLACEAE
RANUNCULALES
PAPAVERACEAE
Adlumia fungosa (Aiton) Greene ex BSP. (Allegheny Vine)
Chelidonium majus Linnaeus (Greater Celandine)
Corydalis sempervirens (Linnaeus) Pers.
Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp. (Squirrel-Corn)
Dicentra cucullaria (Linnaeus) Bernh. (Dutchman’s-Breeches)
Sanguinaria canadensis Linnaeus (Bloodroot)
BERBERIDACEAE
Berberis thunbergii de Candolle (Japanese Barberry)
Berberis vulgaris Linnaeus (Common Barberry)
Caulophyllum giganteum (Farwell) LeConte & Blackwell (Blue cohosh)
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Linnaeus) Michaux (Blue Cohosh)
Podophyllum peltatum Linnaeus (May-Apple)
RANUNCULACEAE
Acontium noveboracense A. Gray (Northern Monk’s-Hood)
Actaea pachypoda Elliott (White Baneberry)
Actaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow (Red Baneberry)
Anemone acutiloba de Candolle (Sharp-Lobed Hepatica)
Anemone americana (de Candolle) Ker (Blunt-Lobed Hepatica)
Anemone quinquefolia Linnaeus (Wood Anemone)
Anemone virginiana Linnaeus (Thimbleweed)
Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus (Wild Columbine)
Aquilegia vulgaris Linnaeus (Blue Columbine)
Caltha palustris Linnaeus (Marsh Marigold)
Clematis occidentalis (Hornemann) de Candolle (Purple Clematis)
11

Clematis virginiana Linnaeus (Virgin’s –Bower)
Coptis trifolia (Linnaeus) Salisbury (Goldthreads)
Ranunculus abortivus Linnaeus (Kidney-Leaf Crowfoot)
Ranunculus acris Linnaeus (Common Buttercup)
Ranunculus allegheniensis Britton (Allegheny Crowfoot)
Ranunculus aquatilis Linnaeus (White Water-Crowfoot)
Ranunculus bulbosus Linnaeus (Bulbous Crowfoot)
Ranunculus ficaria Linnaeus (Lesser Celandine)
Ranunculus hispidus Michaux (Buttercup)
Ranunculus recurvatus Poiret in J. Lamarck et al (Hooked Buttercup)
Ranunculus repens Linnaeus (Creeping Buttercup)
Thalictrum dioicum Linnaeus (Early Meadow-Rue)
Thalictrum pubescens Pursh (Tall Meadow-Rue)
Platanus occidentalis Linnaeus (Sycamore)
Hamamelis virginiana Linnaeus (Witch-Hazel)
PROTEALES
PLATANACEAE
SAXIFRAGALES
HAMAMELIDACEAE
GROSSULARIACEAE
Ribes cynosbati Linnaeus (Wild Gooseberry)
Ribes glandulosum Grauer (Skunk Currant)
Ribes hirtellum Michaux (Northern Goosberry)
Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. (Bristly Black Currant)
Ribes rotundifolium Michaux (Common Gooseberry)
Ribes rubrum Linnaeus (Garden Red Currant)
Ribes uva-crispa Linnaeus English Gooseberry)
SAXIFRAGACEAE
Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hooker (Golden Saxifrage)
Mitella diphylla Linnaeus (Coolwort)
Mitella nuda Linnaeus (Miterwort)
Saxifraga pensylvanica Linnaeus (Swamp Saxifrage)
Saxifraga virginiensis Michaux (Early Saxifrage)
Tiarella cordifolia Linnaeus (Foamflower)
CRASSULACEAE
Penthorum sedoides Linnaeus Dutch-Stonecrop)
Sedum acre Linnaeus (Yellow Sedum)
Sedum rosea (Linnaeus) Scop. (Roseroot)
Sedum telephium Linnaeus (Live-Forever)
HALORAGACEAE
Myriophyllum humile (Rafinesque) Morong (Water Milfoil)
Proserpinaca palustris Linnaeus (Mermaid-Weed)
12

VITALES
VITACEAE
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Linnaeus) Planch. ex de Candolle (Virginia Creeper)
Parthenocissus vitacea (Linnaeus) Planch. ex de Candolle (Woodbine)
Vitis aestivalis Michaux (Summer Grape)
Vitis labrusca Linnaeus (Fox Grape)
Vitis riparia Michaux (Frost Grape)
FABALES
FABACEAE
Amorpha fruiticosa Linnaeus (False Indigo)
Amphicarpaea bracteata (Linnaeus) Rickett & Stafleu (Hog-Peanut)
Apios americana Medik. (Groundnut)
Baptisia tinctoria (Linnaeus) Ventenat (Wild indigo)
Coronilla varia Linnaeus (Crown-Vetch)
Desmodium canadense (Linnaeus) de Candolle Giant Tick-Clover)
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd,) Wood (Sticky Tick-Clover)
Desmodium paniculatum (Linnaeus) de Candolle (Tick-Trefoil)
Desmodium rotundifolium de Candolle (Tick-Clover)
Lathyrus latifolius Linnaeus (Sweet-Pea)
Lespedeza capitata Michaux (Lespedeza)
Lotus corniculata Linnaeus (Bird’s-Foot Trefoil)
Lupinus polyphyllus Lindlsey (Garden Lupine)
Medicago lupulina Linnaeus (Black Medick)
Medicago sativa Linnaeus (Alfalfa)
Melilotus alba Desr. ex Lam. (White Sweet-Clover)
Melilotus officinalis (Linnaeus) Pallas (Yellow Sweet-Clover)
Robinia hispida Linnaeus (Rose-Acacia)
Robinia pseudo-acacia Linnaeus (Black Locust)
Sophora japonica Linnaeus (Pagoda tree)
Trifolium arvense Linnaeus (Rabbit’s-Foot Clover)
Trifolium aureum Pollich (Yellow Clover)
Trifolium hybridum Linnaeus (Alsike Clover)
Trifolium partense Linnaeus (Red Clover)
Trifolium repens Linnaeus (White Clover)
Vicia cracca Linnaeus (Cow-Vetch)
Vicia tetrasperma (Linnaeus) Schreb. (Lentil-Vetch)
Vicia villosa Roth (Hairy Vetch)
Wisteria floribunda (Willdenow) (Japanese Wisteria)
Wisteria sinensis (Sims) Sweet (Chinese Wisteria)
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala paucifolia Willdenow (Fringed Milkwort)
Polygala sanguinea Linnaeus (Rose Milkwort)
Polygala verticillata Linnaeus (Whorled Milkwort)
ROSALES
ROSACEAE
13

Agrimonia gryposepala Wallroth (Common Agrimony)
Amelanchier arborea (Michaux f.) Fernald (Shadbush)
Amelanchier bartramiana (Tausch) Roemer (Mountain Juneberry)
Amelanchier laevis Wiegand (Smooth Shadbush)
Aronia melanocarpa (Michaux) Ell. (Black Chokeberry)
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe (Round-Leaf Hawthorn)
Crataegus dodgei Ashe (Hawthorn)
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe (Hawthorne)
Crataegus macrosperma Ashe (Hawthorn)
Crataegus pedicellata Sargent (Scarlet Thorn)
Crataegus punctata Jacquin (Dotted Haw)
Dalibarda repens Linnaeus (Dewdrop)
Filipendula ulmaria (Linnaeus) Maximowicz (Queen-of-the-Meadow)
Fragaria x ananassa Decaine (Cultivated Strawberry)
Fragaria vesca Linnaeus (Woodland Strawberry)
Fragaria virginiana Decaine (Wild Strawberry)
Geum aleppicum Jacquim (Yellow Avens)
Geum canadense Jacquim (White Avens)
Geum laciniatum Murray (Rough Avens)
Geum macrophyllum Willdenow (Bigleaf Yellow Avens)
Geum rivale Linnaeus (Purple Avens)
Malus floribunda Sieb. ex Van Houtte (Showy Crab-Apple)
Malus pumila Miller (Common Apple)
Potentilla argentea Linnaeus (Silvery Cinquefoil)
Potentilla canadensis Linnaeus (Dwarf Cinquefoil)
Potentilla intermedia Linnaeus (Cinquefoil)
Potentilla norvegica Linnaeus (Rough Cinquefoil)
Potentilla recta Linnaeus (Sulfer Cinquefoil)
Potentilla simplex Michaux (Common Cinquefoil)
Potentilla tridentata Solander (Three-Toothed Cinquefoil)
Prunus americana Marshall (Hedge-Plum)
Prunus avium (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Sweet Cherry)
Prunus nigra Aiton (Canada Plum)
Prunus pensylvanica Linnaeus f. (Pin Cherry)
Prunus persica (Linnaeus) Batsch (Peach)
Prunus serotina Ehrhart (Black Cherry)
Prunus virginica Linnaeus (Chock-Cherry)
Pyrus communis Linnaeus (Pear)
Rosa canina Linnaeus (Dog Rose)
Rosa carolina Linnaeus (Pasture Rose)
Rosa cinnamomea Linnaeus (Cinnamon Rose)
Rosa eglanteria Linnaeus (Sweetbrier)
Rosa micrantha Borr. ex. Sm. in Sowerby (Sweetbrier)
Rosa multiflora Thunberg ex Murray
Rosa palustris Marshall (Swamp Rose)
Rosa virginiana Miller (Wild Rose)
Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey (Northern Blackberry)
Rubus canadensis Linnaeus (Thornless Blackberry)
Rubus flagellaris Willdenow (American Dewberry)
Rubus hispidus Linnaeus (Swamp Dewberry)
Rubus idaeus Red Raspberry)
Rubus x neglectus C. Peck (Purple Wild Raspberry)
Rubus laciniatus Willdenow (Cut-Leaf Blackberry)
Rubus occidentalis Linnaeus (Black Raspberry)
Rubus odoratus Linnaeus (Pink Thimbleberry)
Rubus phoenicolasius Maximowicz (Wineberry)
14

Rubus pubescens Rafinesque (Dwarf Raspberry)
Rubus setosus Bigelow (Bog Blackberry)
Sorbaria sorbifolia (Linnaeus) A. Braun (False Spiraea)
Sorbus americana Marshall (American Mountain Ash)
Sorbus decora (Sargent) Schneider (Northern Mountain Ash)
Spiraea alba DuRoi (Meadow Sweet)
Spiraea japonica Linnaeus f, (Japanese Spiraea)
Spiraea tomentosa Linnaeus (Steeple-Bush)
Waldsteinia fragariodes (Michaux) Trattinick (Barren Strawberry)
Eleagnus angustifolia Linnaeus (Russian Olive)
Eleagnus umbellata Thunberg (Autumn Olive)
ELAEAGNACEAE
RHAMNACEAE
Ceanothus americanus Linnaeus (New Jersey Tea
Rhamnus alnifolia L’Héritier (Alder-Leaf Buckthorn)
Rhamnus cathartica Linnaeus (Common Buchthorn)
Ulmus americana Linnaeus (American Elm)
Ulmus rubra Muhlenberg (Slippery Elm)
Cannabis sativa Linnaeus (Marijuana)
Humulus lupulus Linnaeus (Common Hop)
Morus alba Linnaeus (White Mulberry)
ULMACEAE
CANNABACEAE
MORACEAE
URTICACEAE
Boehmeria cylindrica (Linnaeus) Swartz (False-Netttle)
Laportea canadensis (Linnaeus) Weddell (Wood-Nettle)
Pilea pumila (Linnaeus) A. Gray (Richweed)
Urtica dioica Linnaeus (Stinging Nettle)
FAGALES
FAGACEAE
Castanea dentata (Marshall) Borkhausen (American Chestnut)
Fagus grandifolia Ehrhart (American Beech)
Quercus alba Linnaeus (White Oak)
Quercus bicolor Willdenow (Swamp White Oak)
Quercus coccinea Münchhausen (Scarlet Oak)
Quercus ilicifolia Wangenheim (Scrub Oak)
Quercus montana Willdenow (Chestnut Oak)
Quercus rubra Linnaeus (Red Oak)
Quercus velutina Lamarck (Black Oak)
15

MYRICACEAE
Comptonia peregrina (Linnaeus) Coulter (Sweet-Fern)
JUGLANDACEAE
Carya cordiformis (Wangenheim) Koch (Bitternut)
Carya x laneyi Sargent (Hybrid Bitternut)
Carya glabra (Miller) Sweet (Pignut Hickory)
Carya ovata (Miller) Koch (Shagbark Hickory)
Juglans cinerea Linnaeus (Butternut)
Juglans nigra Linnaeus (Black Walnut)
BETULACEAE
Alnus incana (Linneaus) Moench (Speckled Alder)
Alnus serrulata (Aiton) Willdenow (Smooth Alder)
Betula alleghiensis Britton (Yellow Birch)
Betula cordifolia Regel (Mountain Paper Birch)
Betula lenta Linnaeus (Sweet Birch)
Betula papyrifera Marshall (Paper Birch)
Betula populifolia Marshall (Gray Birch)
Carpinus caroliniana Walter (Hornbeam)
Corylus cornuta Marshall (Beaked Hazel)
Ostrya virginiana (Miller) K. Koch (Hop Hornbeam)
CURCURBITALES
CUCURBITACEAE
Echinocystis lobata (Michaux) Torrey & A. Gray (Prickly Cucumber)
CELASTRALES
CELASTRACEAE
Celastrus orbiculata Thunberg (Oriental Bittersweet)
Celastrus scandens Linnaeus (American Bittersweet)
OXALIDALES
OXALIDACEAE
Oxalis montana Rafinesque (Common Wood-Sorrel)
Oxalis stricta Linnaeus (Lady’s Sorrel)
MALPIGHIALES
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha virginica Linnaeus (Three-Seeded-Mercury)
Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelmann) Small (Spurge)
Chamaesyce maculata (Linnaeus) Small (Eyebane)
Chamaesyce nutans (Lagerheim) Small (Upright Spurge)
Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Persoon) Small (Spurge)
Chamaesyce vermiculata (Rafinesque) House (Hairy Spurge)
16

Euphorbia cyparissias Linnaeus (Cypress Spurge)
SALICACEAE
Populus alba Linnaeus (White Poplar)
Populus x canescens (Aiton) Smith (Gray Poplar)
Populus balsamifera Linnaeus (Balsam Poplar)
Populus x jackii Sargent (Balm-of-Gilead)
Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall (Cottonwood)
Populus x canadensis Moench (Carolina Poplar)
Populus grandidentata Michaux (Big-Toothed Aspen)
Populus x smithii Boivin (Aspen)
Populus nigra Linnaeus (Lombardy Poplar)
Populus tremuloides Michaux (Quacking Aspen)
Salix alba Linnaeus (White Willow)
Salix bebbiana Sargent (Beaked Willow)
Salix discolor Muhlenberg (Pussy-Willow)
Salix eriocephala Michaux (Stiff Willow)
Salix exigua Nuttall (Sandbar Willow)
Salix x fragilis Linnaeus (Crack Willow)
Salix humilis Marshall (Prairie Willow)
Salix lucida Muhlenberg (Shining Willow)
Salix pentandra Linnaeus (Bay-Leaf Willow)
Salix petiolaris Smith (Slender Willow)
Salix purpurea Linnaeus (Purple Willow)
Salix x sepulcralis Simonkai (Weeping Willow)
Salix sericea Marshall (Silky Willow)
Salix serissima (Bailey) Fernald (Autunm Willow)
VIOLACEAE
Viola blanda Willdenow (Sweet White Violet)
Viola canadensis Linnaeus (Tall White Violet)
Viola cucullata Aiton (Blue Marsh Violet)
Viola labradorica Schrank (American Dog Violet)
Viola macloskeyi LLoyd (Wild White Violet)
Viola palmata Linnaeus (Wood Violet)
Viola pubescens Aiton (Yellow Violet)
Viola renifolia A. Gray (Northern White Violet)
Viola rostrata Pursh (Long-Spurred Violet)
Viola rotundifolia Pursh (Round-Leaf Violet)
Viola sagittata Aiton (Arrow-Leaf Violet)
Viola x parca House (Violet)
Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie (Great Spurred Violet)
Viola sororia Willdenow (Dooryard Violet)
Viola striata Aiton (Cream Violet)
Viola tricolor Linnaeus (Johnny Jump-Up)
CLUSIACEAE
Hypericum ascyron Linnaeus (Great St.John’s-Wort)
Hypericum canadense Linnaeus (Canadian St.John’s-Wort)
Hypericum ellipticum Hooker (Pale St.John’s-Wort)
Hypericum genianoides (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg (Orange-Grass)
Hypericum mutilum Linnaeus (Dwarf St.John’s-Wort)
Hypericum perforatum Linnaeus (Common St.John’s-Wort)
17

Hypericum punctatum Lamarck (St.John’s-Wort)
Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason (Marsh St.John’s-Wort)
Triadenum virginicum (Linnaeus) Rafinesque (Marsh St.John’s-Wort)
PODOSTEMACEAE
Podostemum ceratophyllum Michaux (Riverweed)
GERANIALES
GERANIACEAE
Erodium cicutarium (Linnaeus) L’Héritier ex Aiton (Storksbill)
Geranium maculatum Linnaeus (Wild Geranium)
Geranium pratense Linnaeus (Meadow Geranium)
Geranium robertianum Linnaeus (Herb-Robert)
Geranium sibericum Siberian Cranesbill)
MYRTALES
LYTHRACEAE
Decodon verticillatus (Linnaeus) Ellis (Water-Willow)
Lythrum salicaria Linnnaeus Purple Loosestrife)
ONAGRACEAE
Circaea alpina Linnaeus (Dwarf Enchanter’s Nightshade)
Circaea lutetiana Linnaeus (Enchanter’s Nightshade)
Epilobium angustifolium Linnaeus (Willow-Herb)
Epilobium ciliatum Rafinesque (Willow-Herb)
Epilobium coloratum Biehler (Purple-Leaf Willow-Herb)
Epilobium hirsutum Linnaeus (European Fireweed)
Epilobium leptophyllum Rafinesque (Willow-Herb)
Epilobium strictum Muhlenberg ex Sprengel (Downy Willow-Weed)
Ludwigia palustris (Linnaeus) Elliott (Water Purslane)
Oenothera biennis Linnaeus (Common Evening-Primrose)
Oenothera fruticosa Linnaeus (Sundrops)
Oenothera parviflora Linnaeus (Evening-Primrose)
Oenothera perennis Linnaeus (Sundrops)
Rhexia virginica Linnaeus (Meadow-Beauty)
MELASTOMATACEAE
SAPINDALES
ANACARDIACEAE
Rhus copallinum Linnaeus (Shining Sumac)
Rhus glabra Linnaeus (Smooth Sumac)
Rhus hirta (Linnaeus) Sudworth (Staghorn Sumac)
Toxicodendron radicans (Linnaeus) Kuntze (Poison Ivy)
Toxicodendron rudbergii (Small ex Rydberg) Greene (Gaint Poison Ivy)
Toxicodendron vernix (Linnaeus) Kuntze (Poison Sumac)
18

SAPINDACEAE
Acer negundo Linnaeus (Box-Elder)
Acer nigrum Michaux f. (Black Maple)
Acer pensylvanicum Linnaeus (Striped Maple)
Acer platanoides Linnaeus (Norway Maple)
Acer rubrum Linnaeus (Red Maple)
Acer saccharinum Linnaeus (Silver Maple)
Acer saccharum Marshall (Sugar Maple)
Acer spicatum Lamarck (Mountain Maple)
Aesculus glabra Willdenow (Ohio buckeye)
Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus (Horse-Chestnut)
Ptelea trifoliata Linnaeus (Wafer-Ash)
Zanthoxylum americanum Miller (Prickly Ash)
RUTACEAE
SIMAROUBACEAE
Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle (Tree-of-Heaven)
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus (Velvet-Leaf)
Hibiscus trionum Linnaeus (Flower-of-an-Hour)
Malva moschata Linnaeus (Musk-Mallow)
Malva neglecta Wallroth (Cheeses)
Tilia americana Linnaeus (Basswood)
MALVALES
MALVACEAE
BRASSICALES
LIMNANTHACEAE
Foerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow (False-Mermaid)
BRASSICACEAE / CRUCIFERAE
Alliaria petiolata (Bieberstein) Cavanilles & Grande (Garlic Mustard)
Alyssum alyssoides (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (Alyssum)
Arabis glabra (Linnaeus) Bernhardi (Tower-Mustard)
Arabis hirsuta (Linnaeus) Scopoli (Hairy Rock-Cress)
Arabis laevigata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Poiret ex Lamark (Smooth Rock-Cress)
Arabis lyrata Linnaeus (Lyre-Leaf Rock-Cress)
Armoracia rusticana (Lamark) Gaertner, Meyer & Scherbius (Horse-Radish)
Barbarea verna (Miller) Ascherson (Early Winter-Cress)
Barbarea vulgaris Robert Brown ex Aiton (Cress)
Berteroa incana (Linnaeus) de Candolle (Hoary Alyssum)
Brassica juncea (Linnaeus) Czerniakowska (Chinese Mustard)
Brassica nigra (Linnaeus) Koch (Black Mustard)
Brassica rapa Linnaeus (Field Mustard)
Camelina microcarpa Andrzejowski ex de Candolle False Flax
Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linnaeus) Medikus (Shepard’s-Purse)
Cardamine concatenata (Michaux) Schweinitz (Cut-Leaf Toothwort)
19

Cardamine diphylla (Michaux) Wood (Two-leaf Toothwort
Cardamine douglasii Britton (Purple Cress)
Cardamine pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (Pennsylvania Bittercress)
Cardamine partensis Linnaeus (Cuckoo-Flower)
Descurainia sophia (Linnaeus) Webb ex Berthelot (Herb Sophia)
Erysimum cheiranthoides Linnaeus Wormseed-Mustard
Hesperis matronalis Linnaeus (Dame’s-Rocket)
Lepidium campestre (Linnaeus) Brown R. ex Aiton (Cow-Cress)
Lepidium densiflorum Schrader (Bird’s Peppergrass)
Lepidium ramosissimum Nelson (Bushy Peppergrass)
Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus (Wild Peppergrass)
Raphanus raphanistrum Linnaeus (Wild Radish)
Raphanus sativus Linnaeus (Garden Radish)
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Hayek (Watercress)
Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser (Marsh Watercress)
Rorippa sylvestris (Linnaeus) Besser (Creeping Yellow-Cress)
Sinapis arvensis Linnaeus) (Charlock)
Sisymbrium altissima Linnaeus (Tumble-mustard)
Sisymbrium officinale (Linnaeus) Scopoli (Hedge-Mustard)
Thlaspi arvense Linnaeus (Field Pennycress)
SANTALES
SANTALACEAE
Arceuthobium pusillum C. Peck (Dwarf Mistletoe)
CARYOPHYLLALES
POLYGONACEAE
Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Buckwheat)
Fallopia cilinodis (Michaux) Holub (Fringed Black Bindweed)
Fallopia convolvulus (Linnaeus) A. Love (Black Bindweed)
Fallopia japonica (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene (Japanese Knotweed)
Fallopia sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene (Gaint Knotweed)
Fallopia xbohemica (Chrtek & Chrtkova (Bohemian Knotweed)
Fallopia scandens (Linnaeus) Holub (Climbing False-Buckwheat)
Persicaria arifolia (Linnaeus) Haraldson (Arrowleaf Tearthumb)
Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) Gray (Water Smartweed)
Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitagawa (Low Smartweed)
Persicaria hydropiper (Linnaeus) Spach (Common Smartweed)
Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small (Mild Water Pepper)
Persicaria maculosa Gray (Lady’s Thumb)
Persicaria nepalensis (Meisner) H. Gross (Nepalese Knotweed)
Persicaria orientalis (Linnaeus) Spach (Prince’s Feather)
Persicaria pensylvanica (Linnaeus) M. Gomez (Pinkweed)
Persicaria sagittata (Linnaeus) H. Gross (Tearthumb)
Persicaria virginiana (Linnaeus) Gaertner (Jumpseed)
Polygonum aviculare Linnaeus (Knotweed)
Rumex acetosa Linnaeus (Garden Sorrel)
Rumex acetosella Linnaeus (Sheep Sorrel)
Rumex crispus Linnaeus (Curly Dock)
Rumex longifolius de Candolle in J. Lamarck and A. P. de Candolle (Yard-Dock)
Rumex obtusifolius Linnaeus (Bitter-Dock)
Rumex triangulivalis (Danser) Rechinger f. (Willow-leaf Dock)
20

DROSERACEAE
Drosera intermedia Hayne (Narrow-Leaf Sundew)
Drosera rotundifolia Linnaeus (Sundew)
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Agrostemma githago Linnaeus (Corn-Cockle)
Arenaria serpyllifolia Linnaeus (Thyme-leaf Sandwort)
Cerastium arvense Linnaeus (Field Chickweed)
Cerastium fontanum Baumgarten (Common Mouse-ear Chickweed)
Dianthus armeria Linnaeus (Deptford Pink)
Dianthus deltoides Linnaeus (Maiden Pink)
Myosoton aquaticum (Linnaeus) Moench (Giant Chickweed)
Paronychia canadensis (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood (Forked Chickweed)
Paronychia fastigiata (Rafinesque) Fernald (Forked Chickweed)
Sagina procumbens Linnaeus (Pearlwort)
Saponaria officinalis Linnaeus (Bouncing-Bet)
Silene antirrhina Linnaeus (Sleepy Catch-fly)
Silene flos-cuculi (Linnaeus) Clairville (Ragged Robin)
Silene latifolia Poiret (White Campion)
Silene noctiflora Linnaeus (Night-flowering Catch-fly)
Silene stellata (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton in W. Aiton and W. T. Aiton (Starry Campion)
Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke (Bladder-Campion)
Spergula arvensis Linnaeus (Corn-Spurry)
Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) J. Presl & C. Presl (Common Sand Spurry)
Stellaria alsine Grimm (Bog Starwort)
Stellaria borealis Bigelow (Northern Starwort)
Stellaria graminea Linnaeus (Common Stitchwort)
Stellaria media (Linnaeus) Villars (Common Chickweed)
AMARANTHACEAE
Amaranthus albus Linnaeus (Tumbleweed)
Amaranthus powellii S. Watson (Powell’s Amaranth)
Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus (Pigweed)
Atriplex patula Linnaeus (Spear Orach)
Chenopodium albus Linnaeus (Lamb’s-quarters)
Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon (Pigweed)
Chenopodium berlandieri Moquin-Tandon var.bushianum (Aellen) Cronquist
Chenopodium simplex (Torrey) Rafinesque (Maple-leaf goosefoot)
Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen (Goosefoot)
Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Schrader (Mexican fireweed)
Kochia scoparia (Linnaeus) Schrader subsp. scoparia
Phytolacca americana Linnaeus (Pokeweed)
Mollugo verticillata Linnaeus (Carpet-weed)
PHYTOLACCACEAE
MOLLUGINACEAE
PORTULACACEAE
21

Claytonia virginica Linnaeus (Eastern Spring Beauty)
CORNALES
CORNACEAE
Cornus alternifolia Linnaeus f. (Alternate-leaved Dogwood)
Cornus amomum Miller (Silky Dogwood)
Cornus canadensis Linnaeus (Bunchberry)
Cornus florida Linnaeus (Flowering Dogwood)
Cornus foemina Miller (Stiff Dogwood)
Cornus rugosa Lamarck (Round-leaf Dogwood)
Cornus sericea Linnaeus (Red Osier)
Nyssa sylvatica Marshall (Black gum or tupelo)
HYDRANGEACEAE
Philadelphus coronarius Linnaeus (Garden Syringa)
Philadelphus inodorus Linnaeus (Mock-Orange)
ERICALES
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens capensis Meerburgh (Spotted Jewel-weed)
Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Purple Balsam)
Impatiens pallida Nuttal (Pale Jewel-weed)
POLEMONIACEAE
Phlox maculata Linnaeus (Wild Sweet-William)
Phlox paniculata Linnaeus (Fall Phlox)
Polemonium vanbruntiae Britton (Jacob’s Ladder)
PRIMULACEAE
Lysimachia ciliata Linnaeus (Fringed Loosestrife)
Lysimachia nummularia Linnaeus (Money-wort)
Lysimachia quadrifolia Sims (Whorled Loosestrife)
Lysimachia terrestris (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg) (Swamp-Candles)
Lysimachia vulgaris Linnaeus (Garden Loosestrife)
Trientalis borealis Rafinesque (Starflower)
Sarracenia purpurea Linnaeus (Pitcher-Plant)
SARRACENIACEAE
ERICACEAE
Andromeda polifolia Linnaeus (Bog Rosemary)
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Linnaeus) Sprengel (Bearberry)
Chamaedaphne calyculata (Linnaeus) Moench (Leatherleaf)
Chimaphila maculata (Linnaeus) Pursh (Spotted Wintergreen)
Chimaphila umbellata (Linnaeus) W. P. C. Barton (Pipsissewa)
Epigaea repens Linnaeus (Trailing Arbutus)
Gaultheria hispidula (Linnaeus) Muhlenberg ex Bigelow (Creeping Snow-berry)
22

Gaultheria procumbens Linnaeus (Wintergreen)
Gaylussacia baccata (Wangenheim) K. Koch (Black Huckleberry)
Gaylussacia frondosa (Linnaeus) Torrey & A. Gray (Dangleberry)
Kalmia angustifolia Linnaeus) (Sheep Laurel)
Kalmia latifolia Linnaeus (Mountain Laurel)
Kalmia polifolia Wangenheim (Bog Laurel)
Lyonia ligustrina (L.) de Candolle in A.P. de Candolle and A.L.P.P. de Candolle (Maleberry)
Monotropa uniflora Linnaeus (Indian Pipe)
Pyrola americana Sweet (Round-leaved Pyrola)
Pyrola elliptica Nuttall (Shinleaf)
Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd (Labrador Tea)
Rhododendron maximum Linnaeus (Great Laurel)
Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michaux) Shinners (Pinxter-flower)
Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais (Early Azalea)
Rhododendron viscosum (Linnaeus) Torrey (Swamp Azalea)
Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton (Lowbush Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum Linnaeus (Highbush Blueberry)
Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton (Cranberry)
Vaccinium myrtilloides Michaux (Velvetleaf Blueberry)
Vaccinium oxycoccus Linnaeus (Small Cranberry)
Vaccinium pallidum Aiton (Sugar Huckleberry)
Vaccinium stamineum Linnaeus (Deerberry)
GENTIANALES
RUBIACEAE
Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus (Buttonbush)
Galium aparine Linnaeus (Bedstraw)
Galium asprellum Michaux (Rough Bedstraw)
Galium labradoricum (Wiegand) Wiegand (Bedstraw)
Galium lanceolatum Torrey (Wild-Licorice)
Galium mollugo Linnaeus (White Bedstraw)
Galium palustre Linnaeus (Ditch Bedstraw)
Galium tinctorium (Linnaeus) Scopoli (Bedstraw)
Galium trifidum Linnaeus (Small Bedstraw)
Galium triflorum Michaux (Sweet-scented Bedstraw)
Galium verum Linnaeus (Yerllow Bewstraw)
Houstonia caerulea Linnaeus (Bluets)
Mitchella repens Linnaeus (Partridge-Berry)
GENTIANACEAE
Bartonia virginica (Linnaeus) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg (Bartonia)
Gentiana clausa Rafinesque (Blind Gentian)
Gentianella quinquefolia (Linnaeus) Small (Stiff Gentian)
Gentianopsis crinita (Froelich) Ma (Fringed Gentian)
APOCYNACEAE
Apocynum androsaemifolium Linnaeus (Spreading Dogbane)
Apocynum cannabinum Linnaeus (Indian Hemp)
Asclepias exaltata Linnaeus (Poke mildweed)
Asclepias syriaca Linnaeus (Common milkweed)
Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi (Black swallow-wort)
Vinca minor Linnaeus (Periwinkle)
23

NOT PLACED IN ORDER
BORAGINACEAE
Cynoglossum officinale Linnaeus (Hound’s-Tongue)
Echium vulgare Linnaeus (Viper’s Bugloss)
Hackelia virginiana (Linnaeus) Johnston (Stickseed)
Hydrophyllum canadense Linnaeus (Canada Waterleaf)
Hydrophyllum virginianum Linnaeus (Viarginia Waterleaf)
Lappula squarrosa (Retzius) Dumortier (European Stickseed)
Myosotis arvensis (Linnaeus) Hill (Forget-Me-Not)
Myosotis laxa Lehmann (Wild Forget-Me-Not)
Myosotis scorpioides (Forget-Me-Not)
Myosotis sylvatica Hoffmann (Garden Forget-Me-Not)
Symphytum officinale Linnaeus (Comfrey)
SOLANALES
CONVOLVULACEAE
Calystegia sepium (Linnaeus) R. Brown (Hedge-bindweed)
Convolvulus arvensis Linnaeus (Field Bindweed)
Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex Schultz (Common Dodder)
SOLANACEAE
Datura stramonium Linnaeus (Jimson Weed)
Physalis heterophylla Nees (Clammy Ground-Cherry)
Solanum carolinense Linnaeus (Horse-Nettle)
Solanum dulcamara Linnaeus (Trailing Nightshade)
Solanum ptycanthum Dunal (Black Nightrshade)
Fraxinus americana Linnaeus (White Ash)
Fraxinus nigra Marshall (Black Ash)
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall (Red Ash)
Ligustrum amurense Carriere (Amur Privet)
Ligustrum vulgare Linnaeus (Privet)
LAMIALES
OLEACEAE
PLANTAGINACEAE
Callitriche heterophylla Pursh (Water-Starwort)
Callitriche palustris Linnaeus (Water-Starwort)
Chaenorrhinum minus (Linnaeus) Lange (Dwarf Snapdragon)
Chelone glabra Linnaeus (Turtle-Heads)
Cymbalaria muralis Gaertner f., Meyer & Sherb. (Kenilworth Ivy)
Digitalis lutea Linnaeus (Yellow Foxglove)
Gratiola neglecta Torrey Mud-Hyssop)
Linaria canadensis (Linnaeus) Dumortier (Old Field Toadflax)
Linaria vulgaris Miller (Butter-and-Eggs)
Lindernia dubia (Linnaeus) Pennell (False-Pimpernel)
Penstemon calycosus Small (Beard-Tongue)
24

Penstemon digitalis Nuttall (False-Foxglove)
Penstemon hirsutus (Linnaeus) Willdenow (Beard-Tongue)
Plantago lanceolata Linnaeus (Buck-Horn Plantain)
Plantago major Linnaeus (Common Plantain)
Plantago rugelii Decaisne (Pale Plantain)
Veronica americana (Rafinesque) Schweinitz ex Bentham (American Speedwell)
Veronica arvensis Linnaeus (Corn Speedwell)
Veronica chamaedrys Linnaeus (Bird’s-Eye Speedwell)
Veronica filiformis Smith (Bird’s-Eye)
Veronica longifolia Linnaeus (Speedwell)
Veronica officinalis Linnaeus (Speedwell)
Veronica peregrina Linnaeus (Neckweed)
Veronica persica Poiret (Bird’s-Eye)
Veronica scutellata Linnaeus (Marsh Speedwell)
Veronica serpyllifolia Linnaeus (Thyme-Leaf Speedwell)
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh (Hare-Figwort)
Scrophularia marilandica Linnaeus (Carpenter’s-Square)
Verbascum blattaria Linnaeus (Moth-Mullein)
Verbascum thapsus Linnaeus (Mullein)
LAMIACEAE / LABIATAE
Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willdenow) Kuntze (Purple Giant Hyssop)
Ajuga reptans Linnaeus (Carpet Bugleweed)
Bephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Bentham (Wood-Mint)
Clinopodium vulgare Linnaeus (Basil)
Collinsonia canadensis Linnaeus (Richweed)
Galeopsis tetrahit Linnaeus (Hemp-Nettle)
Glechoma hederacea Linnaeus (Gill-Over-the-Ground)
Hedeoma pulegoides (Linnaeus) Persoon (Mock-Pennyroyal)
Leonurus cardiaca Linnaeus (Motherwort)
Lycopus americanus Muhlenberg ex W. Barton (American Bugleweed)
Lycopus uniflorus Michaux (Northern Bugleweed)
Lycopus virginicus Linnaeus (Virginia Bugleweed)
Mentha arvensis Linnaeus (Field Mint)
Mentha x gracilis Sole (Red Mint)
Mentha x piperita Linnaeus (Peppermint)
Mentha spicata Linnaeus (Spearmint)
Mentha suaveolens Ehrhart (Apple Mint)
Monarda didyma Linnaeus (Oswego Tea)
Monarda fistulosa Linnaeus (Wild Bergamot)
Nepeta cataria Linnaeus (Catnip)
Origanum vulgare Linnaeus (Marjoram)
Prunella vulgaris Linnaeus (American Self-Heal)
Pycnanthemim tenuifolium Schrader (Mountain-Mint)
Pycnanthemim virginianum (Linnaeus) T. Durand & B. D. Jackson (Virginia Mountain Mint)
Scutellaria galericulata Linnaeus (Hooded Skullcap)
Scutellaria integrifolia Linnaeus (Hyssop Skullcap)
Scutellaria laterifolia Linnaeus (Mad-Dog Skullcap)
Teucrium canadense Linnaeus (Wild Germander)
Thymus pulegioides Linnaeus (Wild Thyme)
Trichostema dichotomum Linnaeus (Common Blue-Curls)
25

PHRYMACEAE
Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindley (Muskflower)
Mimulus ringens Linnaeus (Common Monkeyflower)
Phryma leptostachya Linnaeus (Lopseed)
OROBANCHACEAE
Agalinis setacea (J. Gmelin) Rafinesque (Needle-Leaf Gerardia)
Aureolaria flava (Linnaeus) Farwell (Yerllow False-Foxglove)
Conopholis americana (Linnaeus) Wallroth (Squawroot)
Epifagus virginana (Linnaeus) Bartram (Beech-Drops)
Melampyrum lineare Desrousseaux (Cow-Wheat)
Orobanche uniflora Linnaeus (One-Flowered Cancer-Root)
Pedicularis canadensis Linnaeus (Lousewort)
LENTIBULARIACEAE
Utricularia cornuta Michaux (Horned Bladderwort)
Utricularia geminiscapa Benjamin (Bladderwort)
BIGNONIACEAE
Campsis radicans (Linnaeus) Seemann ex Bureau (Trumpet-Creeper)
Catalpa bignonioides Walter (Catalpa)
Verbena hastata Linnaeus (Blue Vervain)
Verbena x engelmannii Moldenke (Vervain)
Verbena urticifolia Linnaeus (White Vervain)
VERBENACEAE
AQUIFOLIALES
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex laevigata (Pursh) A. Gray (Smooth Winterberry)
Ilex montana Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray (Mountain Winterberry)
Ilex mucronata (Linnaeus) M. Powell, V. Savolainen & S. Andrews (Mountain Holly)
Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray (Winterberry)
ASTERALES
CAMPANULACEAE
Campanula aparinoides Pursh (Marsh Bellflower)
Campanula rapunculoides Linnaeus (Creeping Bellflower)
Campanula rotundifolia Linnaeus (Harebell)
Lobelia cardinalis Linnaeus (Cardinal-Flower)
Lobelia inflata Linnaeus (Indian-Tobacco)
Lobelia kalmii Linnaeus (Kalm’s Lobelia)
Triodanis perfoliata (Linnaeus) Nieuwlland (Venus’ Looking-Glass)
Menyanthes trifoliata Linnaeus (Buckbean)
MENYANTHACEAE
26

ASTERACEAE / COMPOSITAE
Achillea millefolium Linnaeus (Common Yarrow)
Achillea ptarmica Linnaeus (Sneezeweed)
Ageratina altissima (Linnaeus) R. M. King & H. Robinson (White Snakeroot)
Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linnaeus (Ragweed)
Ambrosia trifida Linnaeus (Giant Ragweed)
Anaphalis margaritacea (Linnaeus) Bentham & Hooker f.) (Pearly-Everlasting)
Antennaria neglecta Greene (Field Pussytoes)
Antennaria plantaginifolia (Linnaeus) Hooker (Plantain-leaved Pussytoes)
Anthemis arvensis Linnaeus (Corn-Chamomile)
Anthemis cotula Linnaeus (Mayweed)
Arctium lappa Linnaeus (Great Burdock)
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernhardi (Common Burdock)
Artemisia ludoviciana Nuttall (White Sage)
Artemisia vulgaris Linnaeus (Common Mugwort)
Bellis perennis Linnaeus (English Daisy)
Bidens cernua Linnaeus (Stick-tights)
Bidens cornnata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (Begger-ticks)
Bidens discoidea (Torrey & A. Gray) Britton (Small Begger-ticks)
Bidens frondosa Linnaeus (Begger-ticks)
Bidens tripartita Linnaeus (Begger-ticks)
Bidens vulgata Greene (Begger-ticks)
Carduus acanthoides Linnaeus (Plumeless Thistle)
Centaurea jacea Linnaeus (Brown Knapweed)
Centaurea stoebe Linnaeus (Spotted Knapweed)
Centaurea nigra Linnaeus (Black Knapweed)
Centaurea nigrescens Willdenow (Short-fringed Knapweed)
Cichorium intybus Linnaeus (Chicory)
Cirsium arvense (Linnaeus) Scopoli (Canada Thistle)
Cirsium discolor (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Sprengel (Field Thistle)
Cirsium pumilum (Nuttall) Sprengel (Pasture Thistle)
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore (Bull Thistle)
Conyza canadensis (Linnaeus) Cronquist (Horseweed)
Doellingeria umbellata (Miller) Nees (Tall Flat-Topped White Aster)
Echinops sphaerocephalum Linnaeus (Great Globe-Thistle)
Erechtites hieraciifolus (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ex de Candolle (Fireweed)
Erechtites hieraciifolus (Linnaeus) Rafinesque ex de Candolle var. hieraciifolus
Erigeron annus (Linnaeus) Persoon (Eastern Daisy Fleabane)
Erigeron pulchellus Michaux (Hairy Fleabane)
Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (Common Eastern Fleabane)
Eupatorium perfoliatum Linnaeus Common Boneset)
Eurybia divaricata (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (White Wood Aster)
Eurybia macrophylla (Linnaeus) Cassini (Bigleaf Aster)
Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees (Schreber’s Aster)
Euthamia graminifolia (Linnaeus) Nuttall (Common Goldentop)
Eutrochium maculatum (Linnaeus) E. E. Lamont (Spotted Joe-Pye-Weed)
Eutrochium purpureum (Linnaeus) E. E. Lamont (Sweet Joe-Pye-Weed)
Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón (Quickweed)
Gnaphalium uliginosum Linnaeus (Low Cudweed)
Helenium autumnale Linnaeus (Common Sneezeweed)
Helenium flexuosum Rafinesque (Purplehead Sneezeweed)
Helianthus decapetalus Linnaeus (Thinleaf Sunflower)
Helianthus divaricatus Linnaeus (Woodland Sunflower)
Helianthus strumosus Linnaeus (Rough Sunflower)
27

Helianthus tuberosus Linnaeus (Jerusalem Artichoke)
Hieracium aurantiacum Linnaeus (Orange Hawkweed)
Hieracium cespitosum Dumortier (King-Devil)
Hieracium flagellare Willdenow (Hawkweed)
Hieracium gronovii Linnaeus (Hawkweed)
Hieracium lachenalii C.C. Gmelin Hawkweed)
Hieracium paniculatum Linnaeus (Hawkweed)
Hieracium pilosella Linnaeus (Mouse-ear Hawkweed)
Hieracium piloselloides Villars (King-Devil)
Hieracium scabrum Michaux (Hawkweed)
Hypochaeris radicata Linnaeus (Hairy Cat’s-ear)
Krigia virginica (Linnaeus) Willdenow (Virginia Dwarf-Dandelion)
Inula helenium Linnaeus (Elecampane)
Lactuca beinnis (Moench) Fernald (Wild Lettuce)
Lactuca canadensis Linnaeus (Wild Lettuce)
Lactuca serriola Linnaeus (Prickly Lettuce)
Lapsana communis Linnaeus (Nipplewort)
Leontodon autumnalis Linnaeus (Fall-Dandelion)
Leucanthemum vulgare Lamarck (Ox-eye Daisy)
Matricaria discoidea de Candolle (Pineapple-Weed)
Mycelis muralis (Linnaeus) Dumortier (Wall Lettuse)
Oclemena acuminata (Michaux) Greene (Whorled Wood Aster)
Packera aurea (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love (Golden Ragwort)
Packera obovata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) W. A. Weber & A. Love (Round-leaf Ragwort)
Picris hieracoides Linnaeus (Ox-Tongue)
Prenanthes altissima Linnaeus (Tall Rattlesnake-Root)
Prenanthes trifoliolata (Cassini) Fernald (Three-leaved Rattlesnake-Root)
Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz (Clammy Everlasting)
Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (Linnaeus) Hillard & B. L. Burtt (Catfoot)
Rudbeckia hirta Linnaeus var. pulcherrima Farwell (Black-eyed Susan)
Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus (Cut-leaf coneflower)
Solidago altissima Linnaeus (Late goldenrod)
Solidago altissima Linnaeus subsp. altissima
Solidago arguta Aiton (Cut-leaf goldenrod)
Solidago bicolor Linnaeus (White goldenrod)
Solidago caesia Linnaeus (Blue-stem or wreath goldenrod)
Solidago canadensis Linnaeus (Canada goldenrod)
Solidago canadensis Linnaeus var. canadensis
Solidago flexicaulis Linnaeus (Zig-zag or broad-leaved goldenrod)
Solidago gigantea Aiton (Tall or giant or smooth goldenrod)
Solidago juncea Aiton (Early goldenrod)
Solidago macrophylla Banks ex Pursh (Large-leaved goldenrod)
Solidago nemoralis Aiton (Gray or gray-stemmed or old-field goldenrod)
Solidago nemoralis Aiton subsp. nemoralis
Solidago patula Muhlenberg ex Willdenow (Rough-leaved goldenrod)
Solidago patula Muhlenberg ex Willdenow subsp. patula
Solidago rugosa Miller (Rough-stemmed of wrinkle-leaf goldenrod)
Solidago rugosa Miller subsp. rugosa
Solidago rugosa Miller var. rugosa
Solidago squarrosa Muhlenberg (Stout goldenrod)
Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus (Field sow-thistle)
Sonchus arvensis Linnaeus subsp. arvensis
Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill (Spiny-leaf sow-thistle)
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (Heart-leaf or common blue wood aster)
Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (White heath aster)
Symphyotrichum ericoides (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom var. ericoides
28

Symphyotrichum laeve (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love (Smooth aster)
Symphyotrichum laeve (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love var. laeve
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom (Lance-leaved or white panicled aster)
Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) G. L. Nesom var. lanceolatum
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love (Calico aster)
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (New England aster)
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (New York aster)
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom var. novi-belgii
Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G. L. Nesom (Late purple or spreading aster)
Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G. L. Nesom var. patens
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom (Old-field or frost aster)
Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom var. pringlei (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom
Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poiret) G. L. Nesom (Willow-leaf aster)
Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) G. L. Nesom (Crooked-stem aster)
Symphyotrichum puniceum (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love (Purple-stem aster)
Symphyotrichum puniceum (Linnaeus) A. Love & D. Love var. puniceum
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliot) G. L. Nesom (Small white aster)
Symphyotrichum undulatum (Linnaeus) G. L. Nesom (Wavy-leaf aster)
Tanacetum vulgare Linnaeus (Common tansy)
Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wiggers (Common dandelion)
Tragopogon partensis Linnaeus (Meadow salsify)
Tussilago farfara Linnaeus (Coltsfoot)
Xanthium strumarium Linnaeus (Cocklebur)
DIPSACALES
ADOXACEAE
Adoxa moschatellina Linnaeus (Moschatel)
Sambucus canadensis Linnaeus (Black elderberry)
Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus (Red elderberry)
Sambucus racemosa Linnaeus subsp. pubens (Michaux) Koehne
Viburnum acerifolium Linnaeus (Maple-leaf viburnum)
Viburnum acerifolium Linnaeus var. acerifolium
Viburnum cassinoides Linnaeus (Northern wild raisin or withe-rod))
Viburnum dentatum Linnaeus (Arrow-wood)
Viburnum dentatum Linnaeus var. lucidum Aiton
Viburnum lantanoides Michaux (Hopplebush or witch’s hopple)
Viburnum lentago Linnaeus (Nannyberry)
Viburnum opulus Linnaeus (Cranberry bush)
Viburnum opulus Linnaeus var. americanum Aiton
Viburnum prunifolium Linnaeus (Black haw)
Viburnum rafinesquianum J. A. Schultes (Downy Arrow-wood)
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Diervilla lonicera P. Miller (Northern bush-honeysuckle)
Dipsacus fullonum Linnaeus (Wild Teasel)
Linnaea borealis Linnaeus (Twinflower)
Linnaea borealis Linnaeus var. americana (Forbes) Hulten ex Clausen
Lonicera canadensis Bartram ex Marshall (American fly-honeysuckle)
Lonicera dioica Linnaeus (Mountain honeysuckle)
Lonicera dioica Linnaeus var.dioica
Lonicera morrowii A. Gray (Fly-honeysuckle)
Lonicera x bella Zabel [L. morrowi x tatarica] (Pretty honeysuckle)
Lonicera sempervirens Linnaeus (Coral honeysuckle)
29

Lonicera sempervirens Linnaeus var. sempervirens
Lonicera tartarica Linnaeus (Tartarian honeysuckle)
Lonicera xylosteum Linnaeus (European Fly-honeysuckle)
Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell (Horse-gentian)
Triosteum aurantiacum Bicknell var. aurantiacum
Valeriana officinalis Linnaeus (Garden-heliotrope)
APICALES
ARALIACEAE
Aralia hispida Ventenat (Bristly sarsaparilla)
Aralia nudicaulis Linnaeus (Wild sarsaparilla)
Aralia racemosa Linnaeus (Spikenard)
Aralia racemosa Linnaeus var. racemosa
Aralia spinosa Linnaeus (Hercules’s-club or devil’s-walking-stick)
Hydrocotyle americana Linnaeus (American water-pennywort)
Panax quinquefolius Linnaeus (Ginseng or sang)
Panax trifolius Linnaeus (Dwarf ginseng)
APIACEAE / UMBELLIFERAE
Aegopodium podagraria Linnaeus (Goutweed)
Angelica atropurpurea Linnaeus (Purple angelica)
Anthriscus sylvestris (Linnaeus) Hoffman (Wild chervil or Cow-parsley)
Anthriscus sylvestris (Linnaeus) Hoffman var. sylvestris
Carum carvi Linnaeus (Caraway)
Cicuta bulbifera Linnaeus (Bulb-bearing water-hemlock)
Cicuta maculata Linnaeus (Water-hemlock)
Cicuta maculata Linnaeus var. maculata
Conioselium chinense (Linnaeus) Briton, Sterns, & Poggenburg (Hemlock-parsley)
Conium maculatum Linnaeus (Poison-hemlock)
Cryptotaenia canadensis (Linnaeus) Augustin de Candolle (Honewort)
Daucus carota Linnaeus (Queen-Anne’s-Lace)
Heracleum maximum W. Bartram (Cow-parsnip)
Levisticum officinale Koch (Lovage)
Osmorhiza claytonii (Michaux) C. B. Clarke (Bland sweet cicely)
Osmorhiza longistylis (Torrey) Augustin de Candolle (Anise-root)
Pastinaca sativa Linnaeus (Wild parsnip)
Peucedanum ostruthium (Linnaeus) W. D. J. Koch (Masterwort)
Sanicula marilandica Linnaeus (Black snakeroot)
Sanicula trifoliata Bicknell (Beaked sanicle)
Sium suave Walter (Water-parsnip)
Zizia aurea (Linnaeus) W. D. J. Koch (Common golden alexanders)
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