mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
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teritoriis garkveul ubnebad <strong>da</strong>yofis Sesaxeb,<br />
romelTac Semdgom ewo<strong>da</strong>T `fiWebi~ (inglisuri sityvi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Cell–ujredi, fiWa). am ideis Tanaxmad yoveli<br />
fiWis momsaxureba un<strong>da</strong> ganxorcielebuliyo<br />
moqmedebis SezRuduli radiusis mqone fiqsirebuli<br />
sixSiris ga<strong>da</strong>mcemiT. Sedegad, yovelgvari urTierTzegavlenis<br />
gareSe, SesaZlebeli iqnebo<strong>da</strong> imave<br />
sixSiris gamoyeneba sxva ujredSi (fiWaSi). am ideis<br />
aparaturul realizacias 30 weliwadze meti<br />
<strong>da</strong>sWir<strong>da</strong>. 70-ian wlebSi 5-ma Crdiloevropulma saxelmwifom<br />
(Sveciam, fineTma, islandiam, <strong>da</strong>niam <strong>da</strong> norvegiam)<br />
Seqmna erTiani stan<strong>da</strong>rti NMT-450 (Nordic Mobile<br />
Telephone-samuSao diapazoniT _ 450 mhc). am stan<strong>da</strong>rtis<br />
fiWuri <strong>sistemebi</strong>s eqsploatacia <strong>da</strong>iwyo 1981<br />
wels, 1983 wels ki aSS-Si funqcionireba <strong>da</strong>iwyo<br />
fiWuri kavSiris qselma AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phome<br />
Service-perspeqtiuli <strong>mobiluri</strong> satelefono sistema)<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtis gamoyenebiT.<br />
1985 wels NMT-450 stan<strong>da</strong>rtis bazaze SemuSavebul<br />
iqna stan<strong>da</strong>rti NMT-900.<br />
1985 wels did britaneTSi miRebul iqna stan<strong>da</strong>rti<br />
TACS (Total Access Communication Sistem _ kavSiris<br />
sistema sruli SeRweviT), amerikuli AMPS-is bazaze,<br />
xolo 1987 wels misi modifikacia _ ETACS (Enhanced<br />
TACS-gafarToebuli TACS).<br />
safrangeTSi 1985 wels miRebuli iqna stan<strong>da</strong>rti<br />
Radiocom-2000.<br />
yvela zemoaRniSnuli 8 stan<strong>da</strong>rti aris analoguri<br />
<strong>da</strong> miekuTvneba pirvel Taobas. analoguri am sistemebs<br />
ewodeba imitom, rom maTSi gamoiyeneba informaciis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>cemis analoguri meTodebi Cveulebrivi<br />
sixSiruli (sm) <strong>da</strong> fazuri (fm) modulaciiT.<br />
8<br />
analoguri <strong>sistemebi</strong>s mTavari naklovanebebia:<br />
sxva abonentebis mier saubris mosmenis SesaZlebloba;<br />
signalebis miyuCebis winaaRmdeg efeqturi<br />
meTodebis gamoyenebis SeuZlebloba; fiWuri kav-<br />
Siris sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva stan<strong>da</strong>rtis arseboba <strong>da</strong> gamoyenebuli<br />
sixSireebis didi ga<strong>da</strong>tvirTva, ris gamoc<br />
ar mox<strong>da</strong> am <strong>sistemebi</strong>s ganviTareba.<br />
900 mhc diapazonSi erTiani evropuli fiWuri<br />
kavSiris stan<strong>da</strong>rtis SemuSavebis mizniT evropis<br />
fostisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>telekomunikaciis</strong> administraciebis<br />
gaerTianebam (CEPT-Conference of European Post and Telecommunication<br />
Administrations), romelic aerTianebs 26<br />
qveyanas, 1982 wels Seqmna specialuri jgufi GSM.<br />
igi safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edo axal stan<strong>da</strong>rts mTel msoflioSi.<br />
abreviatura _ GSM stan<strong>da</strong>rtTan mimarTeba-<br />
Si niSnavs Semdegs _ Global Sistem of Mobile _ <strong>mobiluri</strong><br />
kavSiris globaluri sistema.<br />
1990 wels jgufis mier gamoqveynebul iqna moTxovnebi<br />
GSM stan<strong>da</strong>rtis fiWuri <strong>sistemebi</strong>s mimarT.<br />
maT Soris ZiriTadia: arxebis droiTi gancalkeveba;<br />
informaciis cifrul formaSi ga<strong>da</strong>cema; abonentis<br />
monacemTa <strong>da</strong>cva; blokuri <strong>da</strong> xvevadi kodirebis,<br />
axali modulaciis _ GSMK-s (Gaussian Minimum<br />
Shift Keyng – gausis manipulacia minimaluri sixSiruli<br />
<strong>da</strong>ZvriT) gamoyeneba.<br />
1989 wels, GSM-is mimarT teqnikuri moTxovnebis<br />
Camoyalibebamde britaneTis vaWrobisa <strong>da</strong> mrewvelobis<br />
departamentma (DTI-Departament of Trade and Industry)<br />
gamoaqveyna koncefcia `<strong>mobiluri</strong> telefonebi~,<br />
romelsac Semdeg ewo<strong>da</strong> `personaluri kavSiris<br />
qselebi~ (PCN-Personal Communication Networks). amave periodSi<br />
aSS-ma gamoaqveyna analogiuri koncefcia _<br />
9
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