mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
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ganTavsebisas. kosmosuri aparatebis simaRle SeirCeva<br />
mravali faqtorebis analizis safuZvelze,<br />
romelTagan ZiriTadia: radioarxebis energetikuli<br />
maxasiaTebeli; <strong>da</strong>yovneba radiotalRebis gavrcelebisas;<br />
orbitis siaxlove van alenis radiaciul sartyelebTan<br />
<strong>da</strong> momsaxurebis teritoriebis ganlageba.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> aRniSnulisa orbitis simaRleze moqmedebs<br />
agreTve <strong>telekomunikaciis</strong> organizaciis meTodi <strong>da</strong><br />
moTxovnebi kosmosuri aparatebis adgilmdebareobis<br />
saWiro kuTxeze.<br />
Tu gavaanalizebT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>da</strong>balorbitiani<br />
kosmosuri <strong>sistemebi</strong>s jgufebs, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT,<br />
rom am jgufebis kosmosuri aparatebis orbitebis<br />
simaRle ganTavsebulia 700-<strong>da</strong>n 1500-mde km-is diapazonaSi.<br />
es ganpirobebulia Semdegi faqtorebiT:<br />
_ orbitebze, romlebic ganTavsebulia 700 km-is<br />
qvemoT, atmosferos simkvrike sakmarisad maRalia<br />
<strong>da</strong> amitom es garemoeba praqtikulad gamoricxavs<br />
eqscentrisitetisa <strong>da</strong> apogeis simaRlis Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT<br />
Semcirebas. orbitis simaRlis Semdgomi Semcireba<br />
iwvevs saTbobis xarjvisa <strong>da</strong> manevrebis six-<br />
Siris zr<strong>da</strong>s gansazRvruli orbitis SenarCunebis<br />
mizniT;<br />
_ 1500 km-ze met simaRleebze arsebuli Tanamgzavrebi<br />
ganTavsebulia iq sa<strong>da</strong>c aris van alenis pirveli<br />
radiaciuli sartyeli <strong>da</strong> sa<strong>da</strong>c SeuZlebelia<br />
bortis eleqtronuli aparaturis muSaoba.<br />
saSualosimaRliani orbitebi (5000_15000km de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>piri<strong>da</strong>n) ganTavsebulia van alenis pirvel<br />
<strong>da</strong> meore radiaciuli sartyelebs Soris. im sistemebSi,<br />
romlebic iyenebs am orbitebs, signalebis<br />
gavrcelebis <strong>da</strong>yovneba Tanamgzavri-retransliatoris<br />
gavliT Seadgens <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 130 mwm-s, rac<br />
praqtkulad SeumCnevelia a<strong>da</strong>mianis mier <strong>da</strong> Sesa-<br />
132<br />
bamisad, aris SesaZlebloba msgavsi Tanamgzavrebi<br />
gamoyenebul iqnas radiosatelefono <strong>telekomunikaciis</strong>aTvis.<br />
geostacionarul kosmosur sistemebs Tanamgzavrebis<br />
orbitebis simaRliT <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 36000 km<br />
aqvT ori ZiriTadi upiratesoba:<br />
_ Tanamgzavrebi yovelTvis mdebareoben de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
gansazRvruli wertilis Tavze;<br />
_ sistema, romelic Sedgeba sami geostacionaruli<br />
Tanamgzavrisagan praqtikulad uzrunvelyofs<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwis ze<strong>da</strong>piris globalur mocvas.<br />
orbitaluri jgufebisaTvis, romlebic Sedgeba<br />
geostacionaruli Tanamgzavrebisagan, <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia<br />
erTi ZiriTadi nakli _ radiosignalebis<br />
gavrcelebis didi dro, rasac mivyavarT radiotelefonuri<br />
<strong>telekomunikaciis</strong> dros signalebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemebis<br />
SeferxebasTan.<br />
<strong>sistemebi</strong>, romlebic iyeneben Tanamgzavrebs orbitebis<br />
simaRliT 700_1500 km, floben radioxazebis<br />
ukeTes energetikul maxasiaTeblebs, vidre <strong>sistemebi</strong><br />
TanamgzavrTa orbitebis simaRliT <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
10000 km, magram isini uTmobs maT kosmosuri aparatebis<br />
aqtiuri arsebobis xangrZlivobaSi. saqme ima-<br />
Sia, rom kosmosur aparats mimoqcevis periodiT _<br />
100 wT (<strong>da</strong>bali orbitebisaTvis), <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 30 wT<br />
uwevs de<strong>da</strong>miwis <strong>da</strong>Crdilur mxareze mdebareoba.<br />
amitom, saborto akumuliatorebi mzis batareebis<br />
mxri<strong>da</strong>n ganicdian <strong>da</strong>muxtva/ganmuxtvis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
5000 cikls weliwadSi. 10000 km simaRlis wriuli<br />
orbitebisaTvis mimoqcevis dro Seadgens <strong>da</strong>axloebiT<br />
6 sT-s, romlis ganmavlobaSic kosmosuri aparati<br />
mxolod ramdenime wuTs imyofeba de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
<strong>da</strong>Crdilul mxareze.<br />
un<strong>da</strong> aRniSnos isic, rom kosmosuri aparati, romelic<br />
mdebareobs <strong>da</strong>bal orbitaze, abonentis pir<strong>da</strong>pi-<br />
133
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