mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
mobiluri telekomunikaciis miwispira da Tanamgzavruli sistemebi
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formis mixedviT ganasxvaveben Semdegi ti pis<br />
orbitebs:<br />
_ wriuli, romelic praqtikaSi rTulad realizebadia<br />
<strong>da</strong> moiTxovs kosmosuri aparatebis makoreqtirebeli<br />
mowyobilobebis meSveobiT xSir koreqcias;<br />
_ wriulTan miaxloebuli orbitebi. aseTi orbitebi<br />
principSi yvelaze meta<strong>da</strong>a gavrcelebuli.<br />
msgavsi orbitebisaTvis apogeisa <strong>da</strong> perigeis simaRleebis<br />
umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan<br />
(ramdenime aTeuli kilometriT);<br />
_ elifsuri. am SemTxevaSic simaRleebi Ha (apogea)<br />
<strong>da</strong> Hp (perigea) mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba<br />
erTmaneTisagan (Ha=38000...40000 km-s, Hp=400..500 km-s).<br />
aseTi orbitebi, zoga<strong>da</strong>d, xSirad gamoiyeneba <strong>Tanamgzavruli</strong><br />
<strong>telekomunikaciis</strong> sistemebSi (nax. 5.1);<br />
_ geostacionaruli. igi warmoadgens wriul ekvatorul<br />
orbitas, rodesac de<strong>da</strong>miwis xelovnuri<br />
Tanamzavris brunvis periodi emTxveva de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
brunvis periods (T=23 sT. 56 wT.). am orbitaze Tanamgzavri<br />
ganTavsebulia simaRleze: Ha=Hp=36000 km-s,<br />
mudmivad mdebareobs de<strong>da</strong>miwis ekvatoris gansaz-<br />
Rvruli wertilis zeviT. geostacionarul orbitaze<br />
ganlagebuli Tanamgzavri<strong>da</strong>n Cans de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>piris didi nawili <strong>da</strong> amitom isini farTod<br />
gamoiyenebian kosmosuri telkomunikacis sistemeb-<br />
Si (nax.2.2).<br />
_ paraboluri <strong>da</strong> hiperboluri. isini rogorc<br />
wesi gamoiyeneba mzis <strong>sistemebi</strong>s planetebis <strong>da</strong>sxivebisas.<br />
kosmosuri aparatebis de<strong>da</strong>miwis ze<strong>da</strong>piris wertilebze<br />
gavlis periodulobis mixedviT ganasxvaveben<br />
Semdegi tipis orbitebs:<br />
128<br />
_ sinqronuls. isini Tavis mxriv iyofa sinqronul-izomarSrutul<br />
<strong>da</strong> sinqronul-kvaziizomar-<br />
Srutul orbitebad;<br />
_ izomarSrutuli orbitebi xasiaTdeba imiT, rom<br />
kosmosuri aparatebis proeqciebi de<strong>da</strong>miwis ze<strong>da</strong>pirze<br />
(trasaze) yovelTvis erTmaneTs emTxveva;<br />
_ kvaziizomarSrutuli orbitebi xasiaTdeba imiT,<br />
rom kosmosuri aparatebis proeqciebi de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
ze<strong>da</strong>pirze erTmaneTs emTxveva ramdenime dReRameSi<br />
erTxel;<br />
_ arasinqronuli orbitebi, romlebic xasiaTdebian<br />
imiT, rom nebismieri kosmosuri aparatis ori<br />
nebismieri bruni de<strong>da</strong>miwis garSemo ar emTxveva<br />
erTmaneTs.<br />
orbitis <strong>da</strong>xrilobis (nax. 5.1.) cnebis qveS igulisxmeba<br />
kuTxe de<strong>da</strong>miwis ekvatoris sibrtyesa <strong>da</strong><br />
kosmosuri aparatis orbitas Soris. <strong>da</strong>xriloba<br />
aiTvleba ekvatoris sibrtyemde saaTis isris brunvis<br />
sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. igi SeiZleba<br />
icvlebodes 0-<strong>da</strong>n 180 0 -mde.<br />
<strong>da</strong>xrilobis mixedviT ganisazRvreba Semdegi tipis<br />
orbitebi:<br />
_ pir<strong>da</strong>piri (orbitis <strong>da</strong>xriloba i90 0 );<br />
_ polaruli (orbitis <strong>da</strong>xriloba i=90 0 );<br />
129
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