g. surgulaZe, g. janeliZe, i. xuciSvili

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iyo SesaZlebeli agreTve mudmivebis gansazRvrac. cxadia, rom asemblerze daweril programas kompiuteri uSualod ver Seasrulebda, programa jer unda yofiliyo gadayvanili manqanur enaze. aseTi mTargmneli – specialuri programaa, romelsac translatori ewodeba. asembleris translators aseve asembleri ewodeba. Semdeg etapze Seiqmna uamravi daprogramebis ena (algoriTmuli ena, radganac igi gankuTvnili iyo algoriTmis Casawerad). es enebi iyenebdnen inglisuri enis sityvebis garkveul marags da iyvnen ufro gasagebi algoriTmis garCevis TvalsazrisiT. yovel enas Tavisi daniSnuleba hqonda. magaliTad, FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslating), Seqmnili 1956 wels, gankuTvnilia gamoTvliTi amocanebis daprogramebisTvis; Cobol – biznesis sferoSi programirebisTvis; Lisp, Prolog – funqcionaluri da logikuri programirebisTvis; ?, ?++ - sistemuri programuli uzrunvelyofis SeqmnisTvis; DHTML, Perl, ASP, PHP – Web-programirebisTvis; zogi enis Seqmnis mizani iyo programirebis swavleba: Pascal, Basic; cnobilia monacemTa bazebis marTvis enebi – SQL, PL/SQL. mogvianebiT TiToeuli enis ganviTarebam bevri maTgani ufro farTo daniSnulebis enebad aqcia, vidre es Tavdapirvelad iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. algoriTmul enaze dawerili programa agreTve unda iTargmnos manqanur enaze. amisaTvis ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba kompilatori da interpretatori. orive SemTxvevaSi am programa-mTargmnelebs gadahyavT maRali donis algoriTmul enaze dawerili programa – sawyisi moduli – manqanuri brZanebebis sistemaSi. kompilatori da interpretatori gansxvavdebian Tavisi muSaobis TvalsazrisiT. kompilatori “kiTxulobs” programas mTlianad da axdens mis gadayvanas orobiT kodSi, ris Sedegadac iqmneba e.w. obieqturi moduli (es ki ukve manqanur kodebSi Cawerili programaa, magram misi uSualo Sesruleba jer ver xerxdeba, radganac sawyis modulSi SeiZleba iyos mimarTva sxva modulebze, magaliTad standartul 7
funqciebze). obieqturi modulis damuSavebis Semdeg bijze iqmneba CasatvirTi moduli (mas qmnis sistemuri programa kavSirebis redaqtori). CasatvirTi moduli – es aris programuli moduli, romlis uSualo Sesruleba kompiuters ukve SeuZlia. kidev erTi sistemuri programa – CamtvirTveli - uzrunvelyofs CasatvirTi modulis gadatanas operatiul mexsierebaSi, sadac xdeba programis Sesruleba. interpretatori ki Targmnis programis TiToeul winadadebas da axdens mis Sesrulebas. interpretatoris naklia muSaobis SedarebiT dabali siCqare da isic, rom programis yoveli Sesrulebis dros man unda imuSaos. samagierod, interpretatoris saSualebiT ufro advilia programis gamarTva – programis teqstSi Secdomebis Zieba. kompilatoris dadebiTi mxarea is, rom igi gacilebiT swrafqmedia da isic, rom erTxel Seqmnili obieqturi moduli (Tu sawyisi moduli ar Secvlila) SeiZleba gaeSvas bevrjer sxvadasxva monacemebisTvis da kompilatoris Careva am procesSi ukve saWiro ar aris. yoveli maRali donis daprogramebis ena xasiaTdeba Semdegi komponentebiT: anbani, sintaqsi da semantika. anbani aris im da mxolod im simboloebis erToblioba, romelTa gamoyenebac daSvebelia mocemuli enis winadadebebis asagebad. sintaqsi aris mocemuli enis winadadebebis agebis wesebis erToblioba. semantika ki niSnavs enis sworad agebuli winadadebebis aRqmis wesebis erTobliobas. 1.2. daprogramebis C enis Sesavali daprogramebis ena C iRebs Tavis sawyisebs ori enidan: B da BCPL. BCPL-is avtorma martin riCardsma 1967 wels Seqmna ena sistemuri programebis da kompilatorebis daprogramebisTvis. 1970 wels ken tompsonma gamoiyena daprogramebis ena B operaciuli sistema UNIX erT-erTi pirveli versiis Sesaqmnelad. 8
Page 1 and 2: g. surgulaZe, g. janeliZe, i. xuciS
Page 3 and 4: uak 681.3.06 saxelmZRvaneloSi warmo
Page 5 and 6: 2.3. mimTiTeblebi. mimTiTeblis gamo
Page 7: I Tavi. martivi monacemTa tipebi. e
Page 11 and 12: stilSic da orive stilSi erTdroulad.
Page 13 and 14: 1.2.4. komentari C-Si C-ze daweril
Page 15 and 16: signed short int aRwers niSnian mok
Page 17 and 18: ezervirebuli sityva void ANSI C sta
Page 19 and 20: operaciis marjvena mxares. magaliTa
Page 21 and 22: a=b++; Sesrulebis Sedegad a-s mniSv
Page 23 and 24: int a=3, b=4; float fartobi_1, fart
Page 25 and 26: } a=a*2; b=b+3; fartobi_2=0.5*a*b;
Page 27 and 28: urSi misi tipi ar mieTiTeba, maSin
Page 29 and 30: == - udris; != - ar udris. Sedarebi
Page 31 and 32: daabrunebs 0-s. rogorc vxedavT, Caw
Page 33 and 34: mzimiT gamoiyofa gamosaxulebebi, xo
Page 35 and 36: wesebi gviCvenebs, rom gamosaxulebi
Page 37 and 38: 1.6. failis CarTva #include saTao f
Page 39 and 40: 1.7. ganStoebis operatorebi if, if-
Page 41 and 42: 40 else printf("udidesi= %f", b); u
Page 43 and 44: a++; aq mocemulia if operatoris Sem
Page 45 and 46: { d=b; b=c; c=d; } if(a>b) { d=a; a
Page 47 and 48: { } case 1: z=3*x-y; break; case 2:
Page 49 and 50: if(nishani=='+') z=x+y; else if(nis
Page 51 and 52: marTvis gadacemas WdiT moniSnul ope
Page 53 and 54: ciklis tani ar Sesruldeba, marTva g
Page 55 and 56: #include /* evklides algoriTmi */ m
Page 57 and 58: programis muSaobis Sedegebi: 1). Se
Page 59 and 60:
Sesruleba (1/0)? "); romlis Semdega
Page 61 and 62:
3. Tu gamosaxuleba_2-s mniSvneloba
Page 63 and 64:
for( ; ; ) printf("usasrulo cikli\n
Page 65 and 66:
if(b) printf("martivia"); else prin
Page 67 and 68:
1.11. simboluri Setana-gamotana C-S
Page 69 and 70:
char ch; return 0; } printf("Seitan
Page 71 and 72:
moviyvanoT programa, romelic klavia
Page 73 and 74:
#include #include main() { } char c
Page 75 and 76:
main() { } { char p; while ((p = ge
Page 77 and 78:
II Tavi. monacemTa struqturirebuli
Page 79 and 80:
magaliTad, Tu mocemulia aRwera char
Page 81 and 82:
ganvixiloT masivis gamoyenebis ramd
Page 83 and 84:
max-min=356.65 4. dabeWdeT n-elemen
Page 85 and 86:
#include #include #define n 6 main(
Page 87 and 88:
c masivSi elementebi gaerTianebulia
Page 89 and 90:
2.3. mimTiTeblebi. mimTiTeblis gamo
Page 91 and 92:
ganvixiloT sailustracio programa: #
Page 93 and 94:
Tu ori mimTiTebeli miuTiTebs erTi d
Page 95 and 96:
if(*(a+i)
Page 97 and 98:
getch(); return 0; } printf("Semoit
Page 99 and 100:
striqonis sigrZe = 16 Tu programaSi
Page 101 and 102:
funqcia strcmp agreTve aRwerilia st
Page 103 and 104:
#include #include int main(void)
Page 105 and 106:
#include #include #include int m
Page 107 and 108:
#include #include int main(void)
Page 109 and 110:
#include #include #include int m
Page 111 and 112:
2.5. funqciis Seqmna da gamoyeneba
Page 113 and 114:
2.5.1. funqciis argumentebi formalu
Page 115 and 116:
programis Sedegi Semdegnairad gamoi
Page 117 and 118:
2.5.2. lokaluri cvladebi funqciaSi
Page 119 and 120:
} extern int ext; printf("Secdomaa.
Page 121 and 122:
mexsierebis klasi saSualebas iZleva
Page 123 and 124:
} for(count = 1;count
Page 125 and 126:
2. gare statikuri, arsebobis xangrZ
Page 127 and 128:
2.7.3. dinamiuri obieqtis sicocxlis
Page 129 and 130:
} struqturis-tipis-saxeli; typedef(
Page 131 and 132:
2.8.1. struqturis komponentebze wvd
Page 133 and 134:
mocemuli CamoTvliTi tipis calkeuli
Page 135 and 136:
2.9. mimTiTeblebi da struqturebi ga
Page 137 and 138:
dasasrulis simbolo, w.S. - nulovan
Page 139 and 140:
"a+" - teqsturi faili ixsneba an iq
Page 141 and 142:
main( ) { } FILE *fi; int age; fi=f
Page 143 and 144:
2.11.7. funqcia fseek( ) fseek( ) f
Page 145 and 146:
III Tavi. grafikuli reJimi 3.1. gra
Page 147 and 148:
3.2. organzomilebiani grafika mocem
Page 149 and 150:
move(x[0], ?[0]); for(j=1; j
Page 151 and 152:
literatura 1. g. gogiCaiSvili, g. s
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