fizikis kursi
fizikis kursi fizikis kursi
6.9. entropia. Termodinamikis gaerTianebuli kanoni siTburi procesebis Seswavlidan gamomdinareobs, rom unda arsebobdes iseTi funqcia , romlis cvlileba 1-dan 2 mdgomareobaSi raime Seqcevadi procesis gadasvlisas, toli iqneba funqcias entropia ewodeba. da entropiis mniSvnelobebia 1 da 2 mdgomareobebi. -s dayvanili siTbo ewodeba. amgvarad, entropia warmoadgens mdgomareobis funqcias, romlis cvlileba Seqcevadi procesis dros, gvaZlevs dayvanil siTbos raodenobaTa jams. Tu sistema izolirebulia, maSin , Seqcevadi procesisTvis gveqneba , xolo nebismierisTvis e.i. izolirebul sistemaSi procesebi ise warmoebs, rom sistemis entropia mudmivi rCeba, an izrdeba. es debuleba warmoadgens Termodinamikis meore kanonis uzogades formulirebas. Tu 1 da 2 wertilebi usasrulod axlosaa erTmaneTTan e.i. sistemis mdgomareoba usasrulod mcired icvleba, maSin entropiis sasrulo cvlilebis magivrad gveqneba usasrulod mcire nazrdi da Termodinamikis meore kanoni Semdeg saxes miiRebs (entropiis zrdis kanoni): xolo, Tu sistema araizolirebulia, maSin kavSiri entropiasa da informacias Soris mogvca bolcmanma sadac _ bolcmanis mudmivaa, _ Termodinamikuri albaToba. am formulidan gamomdinareobs entropiis fizikuri arsi kinetikuri TeoriiT _ entropia warmoadgens fizikuri sistemis mouwesrigeblobis zomas. 89
entropiis warmodgena, rogorc damoukidebeli parametris ucnauri Canda, radgan ar arsebobda misi gazomvis pirdapiri meTodi. es problema moxsna nerstis siTburma Teoriam, romlis Tanaxmadac Tu , maSin , e.i. absolutur nulze entropiac nuls utoldeba. amgvarad, nerstis TeoremiT moxda entropiis kalibreba. cnobilia, rom nebismier energetikul kontaqts Seesabameba parametrebis wyvili. Termodinamikis meore kanonidan , e.i. temperatura da entropia parametrTa wyvilia. radgan siTbocvla proporciulia entropiis zrdis, is miCneulia eqstenciur parametrad, xolo temperatura intensiurad. Termodinamikis I da II kanonebis ( ) SerwymiT miviRebT Termodinamikis gaerTianebul kanons: es formula saSualebas gvaZlevs srulad miviRoT Termodinamikuri Tanafardobebi nebismieri konkretuli fizikuri sistemisaTvis. 7. realuri airebi 7.1. realuri airebi. molekuluri Zalebi realuri airebis Tvisebebis gansxvaveba idealurebTan gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia didi wnevebisa da dabali temperaturebis dros. didi wnevebis dros airis molekulebs Soris manZili imdenac mcirdeba, rom aRar SeiZleba molekulebis sakuTari moculobisa da maTi urTierTqmedebis ugulvebelyofa, xolo temperaturis Semcirebis dros, molekulebis saSualo kinetikuri energia mcirdeba, amitom dabal temperaturaze molekulebis urTierTqmedebis energiebs veRar ugulvebelvyofT maT kinetikur energiebTan SedarebiT. realuri iseT airebs ewodebaT, romlis molekulebs Soris moqmedebs mizidva-ganzidvis Zalebi. es Zalebi sxvadasxvanairad arian damokidebulni molekulebs Soris manZilebze. atomis zomis tol manZilebze (10 -10 m) Warbobs ganzidvis Zalebi, xolo 10 -9 m manZilebze _ ki urTierTmizidvis Zalebi (nax. 10). tolqmedi Zala 90
- Page 39 and 40: 2 2 k mv 2 mv1 A = ΔW = − 2 2 sa
- Page 41 and 42: Zala da potenciuri energia davuSvaT
- Page 43 and 44: Zalis momenti _ fsevdoveqtoria, mis
- Page 45 and 46: mTeli sxeulis inerciis momenti I ud
- Page 47 and 48: ar icvleba droSi ( I z = const). im
- Page 49 and 50: dros. iqneba: am formuliT gamoiTvle
- Page 51 and 52: d p dt = 50 ∑ sadac p sistemis im
- Page 53 and 54: 2.6 sxeulTa wonasworobis pirobebi.
- Page 55 and 56: Seeqmna masSi sinaTlis gavrcelebisa
- Page 57 and 58: 3. siCqareTa Sekrebis kanoni. galil
- Page 59 and 60: 4. rxevebi da talRebi. 4.1. rxeva.
- Page 61 and 62: mocemulia wanacvlebis, siCqaris da
- Page 63 and 64: sadac A da B sawyisi amplitudebia,
- Page 65 and 66: sadac A 0 sawyisi amplitudaa milevi
- Page 67 and 68: α − talRis sawyisi faza ⎛ x
- Page 69 and 70: 3π A = 2A 2... md amplituda maqsim
- Page 71 and 72: sxeulis simkvrive _ ewodeba sxeulis
- Page 73 and 74: _ molekulebis saSualo kvadratuli si
- Page 75 and 76: -s damokidebuleba -ze mocemulia nax
- Page 77 and 78: ganawilebis funqcia eqvemdebareba n
- Page 79 and 80: Tavisufali gadarbenis gamoTvla mart
- Page 81 and 82: sadac da Sinagani energiis mniSvnel
- Page 83 and 84: e.i. kuTri siTbotevadoba siTbos is
- Page 85 and 86: adiabaturi gafarToebis muSaoba sada
- Page 87 and 88: ciklis dros. _ siTburi manqanis mie
- Page 89: nebismieri ciklisaTvis Termodinamik
- Page 93 and 94: maxloblobaSi. Tu nivTiereba imyofeb
- Page 95 and 96: temperaturis gadidebiT grafiki iwev
- Page 97 and 98: cdomilebaTa sruli Teoriis ganxilva
- Page 99 and 100: sadac , , - pirdapiri gazomvebis ab
- Page 101 and 102: diferencialebi Secvlilia fizikur si
6.9. entropia. Termodinamikis gaerTianebuli kanoni<br />
siTburi procesebis Seswavlidan gamomdinareobs, rom unda<br />
arsebobdes iseTi funqcia , romlis cvlileba 1-dan 2 mdgomareobaSi<br />
raime Seqcevadi procesis gadasvlisas, toli iqneba<br />
funqcias entropia ewodeba. da entropiis mniSvnelobebia 1 da<br />
2 mdgomareobebi. -s dayvanili siTbo ewodeba.<br />
amgvarad, entropia warmoadgens mdgomareobis funqcias, romlis<br />
cvlileba Seqcevadi procesis dros, gvaZlevs dayvanil siTbos<br />
raodenobaTa jams.<br />
Tu sistema izolirebulia, maSin , Seqcevadi procesisTvis<br />
gveqneba , xolo nebismierisTvis e.i. izolirebul<br />
sistemaSi procesebi ise warmoebs, rom sistemis entropia mudmivi rCeba,<br />
an izrdeba. es debuleba warmoadgens Termodinamikis meore kanonis<br />
uzogades formulirebas.<br />
Tu 1 da 2 wertilebi usasrulod axlosaa erTmaneTTan e.i. sistemis<br />
mdgomareoba usasrulod mcired icvleba, maSin entropiis sasrulo<br />
cvlilebis magivrad gveqneba usasrulod mcire nazrdi da<br />
Termodinamikis meore kanoni Semdeg saxes miiRebs (entropiis zrdis<br />
kanoni):<br />
xolo, Tu sistema araizolirebulia, maSin<br />
kavSiri entropiasa da informacias Soris mogvca bolcmanma<br />
sadac _ bolcmanis mudmivaa, _ Termodinamikuri albaToba. am<br />
formulidan gamomdinareobs entropiis fizikuri arsi kinetikuri<br />
TeoriiT _ entropia warmoadgens fizikuri sistemis mouwesrigeblobis<br />
zomas.<br />
89
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