fizikis kursi
fizikis kursi fizikis kursi
Sesavali fizikis sagani, misi kavSiri teqnikasTan fizika aris mecniereba, romelic Seiswavlis materiis moZraobis umartives da uzogades formebs da maT urTierTgardaqmnas. cnobilia materiis ori saxe: nivTiereba da veli. materiis pirvel saxes _ nivTierebas miekuTvnebian atomebi, molekulebi da maTgan agebuli sxeulebi. materiis meore saxes qmnian gravitaciuli, eleqtromagnituri da sxva velebi. adre fiqrobdnen, rom nivTierebas diskretuli agebuleba aqvs, veli ki uwyvetia. Semdgom aRmoCnda, rom materiis orive saxes erTdroulad axasiaTebs rogorc diskretuloba, ise uwyvetoba _ rac materiis ZiriTadi Tvisebaa. nebismieri movlena, materiis yoveli cvlileba warmoebs sivrcesa da droSi. sivrce da dro materiis arsebobis formebia. fizika SeiZleba gavyoT or nawilad _ klasikurad da kvanturad. klasikuri fizika Seiswavlis sinaTlis siCqaresTan SedarebiT mcire siCqareebis mqone makroskopiuli sxeulebis moZraobas. sinaTlis siCqaresTan maxlobeli siCqareebis mqone makroskopuli sxeulebis moZraobis kanonebs Seiswavlis relativisturi fizika. mikroskopiuli sxeulebis (atomebis da elementaruli nawilakebis) moZraobis Sesaswavlad klasikuri fizika (meqanika) ar gamodgeba, is icvleba kvanturi meqanikiT. fizikis aRmoCenebis safuZvelze warmoiSva da ganviTarda teqnikis mravali dargi. Tavis mxriv teqnika xels uwyobs fizikis ganviTarebas, aiaraRebs ra fizikas axali, srulyofili xelsawyoebiT da danadgarebiT. amgvarad, praqtikul moTxovnebs mivyavarT axal fizikur aRmoCenebamde da es aRmoCenebi xels uwyobs teqnikis winsvlas. fizika _ eqsperimentaluri mecnierebaa. eqsperimentaluri dakvirvebebi, gazomvebi da winaswar gamoTqmuli Teoriebi sabolood daiyvanebian fizikur sidideebsa da ricxvebs Soris urTierTdamokidebulebebze. amitom fizikis enaa maTematika. 5
fizikuri sidideebi, ganzomileba, erTeulTa sistemebi fizikuri sididis erTeuli ewodeba pirobiT SerCeul fizikur sidides, romelsac gaaCnia gansaxilveli obieqtis fizikuri Tvisebebi. erTeulTa sistema ewodeba fizikur sidideTa erTeulebis erTobliobas, romlebic SeirCevian dadgenili wesiT. mocemuli sistemis ZiriTadi erTeulebi ewodebaT sxvadasxvagvari fizikuri sidideebis erTeulebs, romlebic nebismierad airCevian am sistemis Sedgenisas, erTeulTa sistemas ewodeba absoluturi, Tu misi ZiriTadi erTeulebia sigrZis, masis da drois erTeulebi. warmoebuli erTeulebi iseT erTeulebs ewodebaT, romlebic dadgenilebi arian mocemuli sistemis sxva erTeulebiT fizikuri kanonebis safuZvelze da warmoadgenen ZiriTadi erTeulebis ganzomilebaTa xarisxebis namravls. fizikuri sidideebis ganzomileba ewodeba gamosaxulebas, romelic axasiaTebs fizikuri sididis kavSirs mocemuli sistemis ZiriTad erTeulebTan. es gamosaxuleba warmoadgens erTwevrs ZiriTadi erTeulebis simboloebis namravlis saxiT Sesabamis xarisxebSi. sidides ewodeba uganzomilebo (ganyenebuli), Tu mis ganzomilebaSi yvela ZiriTadi sidideebi Sedian nulovan xarisxebSi. magaliTad, Tanabarwrfivi moZraobis siCqarisTvis s v = , t ganzomileba Caiwereba dim −1 = LT , sididis erTeuli [v] = m . wm-1 . fizikuri sidideebis ZiriTadi erTeulebis garda SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jeradi da wiladi erTeulebi, romlebic miiRebian ZiriTadi erTeulebis 10-is romelime xarisxSi gamravlebiT an gayofiT. mamravlebi da TavsarTebi aTis jeradi da wilobrivi erTeulebis misaRebad (maTi dasaxelebebi) mocemulia cxrilSi 1. 1960 wels zoma-wonis I generalurma konferenciam miiRo dadgenileba erTeulTa saerTaSoriso (SI) sistemis SemoRebis Sesaxeb., 1971 wlidan zoma-wonis XIX konferenciaze miiRes axali ZiriTadi (meSvide) erTeuli moli da ori damatebiTi erTeuli radiani da steradiani. 6
- Page 1 and 2: v. melaZe fizikis kursi (I nawili)
- Page 3 and 4: fizikis kursis pirveli nawili _ meq
- Page 5: molekuluri fizika 68 5. idealuri ai
- Page 9 and 10: ZiriTadi erTeulebis gansazRvra sigr
- Page 11 and 12: laTinuri anbani berZnuli anbani A,
- Page 13 and 14: sxeulis umartivesi fizikuri modelia
- Page 15 and 16: es gamosaxulebebi gansazRvraven saS
- Page 17 and 18: 2 dv v1 a τ = τ , an = n dt R τ
- Page 19 and 20: unviTi moZraobis dros sxeulis yvela
- Page 21 and 22: 1 ω υ = = T 2π 1 [ ] = wm υ =wm
- Page 23 and 24: 2. dinamika 2.1. materialuri wertil
- Page 25 and 26: niutonis meore kanoni. sxeulze momq
- Page 27 and 28: klasikur (niutonis) meqanikaSi gani
- Page 29 and 30: inerciuli da arainerciuli sistemebi
- Page 31 and 32: nax. 16. k- drekadobis koeficientia
- Page 33 and 34: xaxunis Zalebi xaxunis Zalebi warmo
- Page 35 and 36: 4. Tu sxeuli raRac ZaliT ekroba ver
- Page 37 and 38: omelic SemosazRvrulia Fr (r) mrudiT
- Page 39 and 40: 2 2 k mv 2 mv1 A = ΔW = − 2 2 sa
- Page 41 and 42: Zala da potenciuri energia davuSvaT
- Page 43 and 44: Zalis momenti _ fsevdoveqtoria, mis
- Page 45 and 46: mTeli sxeulis inerciis momenti I ud
- Page 47 and 48: ar icvleba droSi ( I z = const). im
- Page 49 and 50: dros. iqneba: am formuliT gamoiTvle
- Page 51 and 52: d p dt = 50 ∑ sadac p sistemis im
- Page 53 and 54: 2.6 sxeulTa wonasworobis pirobebi.
- Page 55 and 56: Seeqmna masSi sinaTlis gavrcelebisa
fizikuri sidideebi, ganzomileba, erTeulTa sistemebi<br />
fizikuri sididis erTeuli ewodeba pirobiT SerCeul fizikur<br />
sidides, romelsac gaaCnia gansaxilveli obieqtis fizikuri Tvisebebi.<br />
erTeulTa sistema ewodeba fizikur sidideTa erTeulebis erTobliobas,<br />
romlebic SeirCevian dadgenili wesiT. mocemuli sistemis ZiriTadi<br />
erTeulebi ewodebaT sxvadasxvagvari fizikuri sidideebis erTeulebs,<br />
romlebic nebismierad airCevian am sistemis Sedgenisas, erTeulTa<br />
sistemas ewodeba absoluturi, Tu misi ZiriTadi erTeulebia sigrZis,<br />
masis da drois erTeulebi.<br />
warmoebuli erTeulebi iseT erTeulebs ewodebaT, romlebic<br />
dadgenilebi arian mocemuli sistemis sxva erTeulebiT fizikuri<br />
kanonebis safuZvelze da warmoadgenen ZiriTadi erTeulebis<br />
ganzomilebaTa xarisxebis namravls.<br />
fizikuri sidideebis ganzomileba ewodeba gamosaxulebas, romelic<br />
axasiaTebs fizikuri sididis kavSirs mocemuli sistemis ZiriTad<br />
erTeulebTan. es gamosaxuleba warmoadgens erTwevrs ZiriTadi<br />
erTeulebis simboloebis namravlis saxiT Sesabamis xarisxebSi. sidides<br />
ewodeba uganzomilebo (ganyenebuli), Tu mis ganzomilebaSi yvela<br />
ZiriTadi sidideebi Sedian nulovan xarisxebSi. magaliTad,<br />
Tanabarwrfivi moZraobis siCqarisTvis<br />
s<br />
v = ,<br />
t<br />
ganzomileba Caiwereba<br />
dim<br />
−1<br />
= LT , sididis erTeuli [v] = m . wm-1 .<br />
fizikuri sidideebis ZiriTadi erTeulebis garda SeiZleba<br />
gamoviyenoT jeradi da wiladi erTeulebi, romlebic miiRebian ZiriTadi<br />
erTeulebis 10-is romelime xarisxSi gamravlebiT an gayofiT. mamravlebi<br />
da TavsarTebi aTis jeradi da wilobrivi erTeulebis misaRebad (maTi<br />
dasaxelebebi) mocemulia cxrilSi 1.<br />
1960 wels zoma-wonis I generalurma konferenciam miiRo<br />
dadgenileba erTeulTa saerTaSoriso (SI) sistemis SemoRebis Sesaxeb.,<br />
1971 wlidan zoma-wonis XIX konferenciaze miiRes axali ZiriTadi<br />
(meSvide) erTeuli moli da ori damatebiTi erTeuli radiani da<br />
steradiani.<br />
6
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