fizikis kursi

fizikis kursi fizikis kursi

01.03.2013 Views

Tu A = B , elifsi gadadis wrewirSi iwarmoebs saaTis isris mimarTulebiT, xolo sawinaaRmdegod. 4.5. milevadi rxevebi 63 π ϕ = + SemTxvevaSi moZraoba 2 π ϕ = − SemTxvevaSi _ mis 2 Tavisufal rxevebs, romelTa amplituda droSi mcirdeba energiis kargvis gamo, milevadi rxevebi ewodeba. energiis Semcireba ori mizeziT aris gamowveuli: winaaRmdegobis Zalebis arsebobiT da gamosxivebiT. milevadi meqanikuri rxevis aRmweri diferencialuri gantolebaa: 2 d x dx 2 + 2β + ω 0 x = 0, 2 dt dt sadac x -droSi cvladi fizikuri sididea β − milevis koeficienti, ω − sistemis sakuTari sixSirea 0 mocemuli gantolebis amonaxsnia x = A e 0 sadac −βt cos( ωt + ϕ) ω − 2 2 = ω0 β - milevadi rxevis sixSirea dx A 0 da ϕ - mudmivi sidideebia, damokidebuli t = 0 momentSi x − is da dt mniSvnelobebze _ anu sawyis pirobebze. milevadi rxevis grafiki mocemulia nax. 35. nax. 35. milevadi rxevis amplituda icvleba eqsponencialuri kanoniT: A( t) = Aoe −βt

sadac A 0 sawyisi amplitudaa milevis siCqare ganisazRvreba milevis koeficientiT: β = sadac r -xaxunis koeficientia m - merxevi wertilis masa. relaqsaciis dro δ drois Sualedia, romlis ganmavlobaSi milevadi rxevis amplituda mcirdeba е-jer. milevadi rxevis periodi 1 δ = β 2π T = = ω 64 2π 2 ω − β milevis logariTmuli dekrementi _ λ ewodeba rxevis ori momdevno amplitudebis naturaluri logariTmebis Sefardebas 2 0 A( t) T 1 λ = � n = βT = = A( t + T ) δ N sadac Ne - rxevaTa ricxvia, romlis ganmavlobaSi amplituda mcirdeba е-jer. 4.6. talRebi talRebi _ garemoSi (an vakuumSi) gavrcelebuli SeSfoTebaa _ talRebs gadaaqvs energia nivTierebis gadatanis gareSe. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom talRa _ garemos rxevaa. fizikuri bunebiT ansxvaveben meqanikur (drekad, bgeriT) talRebs, eleqtromagnitur talRebs talRgamtarebSi da sxvadasxva garemoSi (sinaTle, radiotalRebi, rentgenis gamosxiveba). SeSfoTebis orientaciis mixedviT ansxvaveben ganiv da grZiv talRebs. iseT talRas, romelSic rxeva warmoebs gavrcelebis mimarTulebis marTobulad, ganivi talRa ewodeba. grZivi talRa ewodeba iseT talRas, romelSic rxeva warmoebs talRis gavrcelebis mimarTulebiT. e r m

sadac A 0 sawyisi amplitudaa<br />

milevis siCqare ganisazRvreba milevis koeficientiT: β =<br />

sadac r -xaxunis koeficientia<br />

m - merxevi wertilis masa.<br />

relaqsaciis dro δ drois Sualedia, romlis ganmavlobaSi milevadi<br />

rxevis amplituda mcirdeba е-jer.<br />

milevadi rxevis periodi<br />

1<br />

δ =<br />

β<br />

2π<br />

T = =<br />

ω<br />

64<br />

2π<br />

2<br />

ω − β<br />

milevis logariTmuli dekrementi _ λ ewodeba rxevis ori momdevno<br />

amplitudebis naturaluri logariTmebis Sefardebas<br />

2<br />

0<br />

A(<br />

t)<br />

T 1<br />

λ = � n = βT<br />

= =<br />

A(<br />

t + T ) δ N<br />

sadac Ne - rxevaTa ricxvia, romlis ganmavlobaSi amplituda mcirdeba<br />

е-jer.<br />

4.6. talRebi<br />

talRebi _ garemoSi (an vakuumSi) gavrcelebuli SeSfoTebaa _<br />

talRebs gadaaqvs energia nivTierebis gadatanis gareSe. SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />

rom talRa _ garemos rxevaa.<br />

fizikuri bunebiT ansxvaveben meqanikur (drekad, bgeriT) talRebs,<br />

eleqtromagnitur talRebs talRgamtarebSi da sxvadasxva garemoSi<br />

(sinaTle, radiotalRebi, rentgenis gamosxiveba).<br />

SeSfoTebis orientaciis mixedviT ansxvaveben ganiv da grZiv<br />

talRebs. iseT talRas, romelSic rxeva warmoebs gavrcelebis<br />

mimarTulebis marTobulad, ganivi talRa ewodeba. grZivi talRa ewodeba<br />

iseT talRas, romelSic rxeva warmoebs talRis gavrcelebis<br />

mimarTulebiT.<br />

e<br />

r<br />

m

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