fizikis kursi

mocemulia wanacvlebis, siCqaris da aCqarebis damokidebuleba droze.
harmoniuli rxevebi sruldebian drekadi (an kvazidrekadi) F d = −k
x
Zalis gavleniT. Tu visargeblebT niutonis me-2 kanoniT da am Zalebs
gavutolebT erTmaneTs, martivi gardaqmnebiT miviRebT harmoniuli rxevis
diferencialur gantolebas:
k 2
= ω0
m
2
2
d x
d x k
F = m F = −kx
2 d da + = 0
2
dt
dt m
- oscilatoris sakuTari rxevis sixSirea. gantoleba Caiwereba
2
d x 2
+ ω 0 x = 0
2
dt
miRebuli diferencialuri gantolebis amoxsnaa:
x = A ω t + ϕ)
cos( 0
4.3. harmoniuli rxevis energia.
merxev sxeuls wonasworobis mdebareobaSi gaaCnia mxolod
kinetikuri energia, maqsimaluri gadaxrisas ki _ mxolod potencialuri.
potencialuri energia gaizomeba F = −kx
drekadi Zalis
sawinaaRmdegod x manZilze sxeulis gadasaadgileblad Sesrulebuli
muSaobiT. elementaruli Sesrulebuli muSaoba iqneba
sruli muSaoba
A =
dA = Fdx =
x
∫
0
x
60
kxdx
kx
Fdx = ∫ kxdx =
2
2 2
kx kA 2
e.i. potenciuri energia W ( t)
= = cos ( ω 0t
+ ϕ)
2 2
p
kinetikuri energia wonasworobidan x manZilze
W k
2
mω
A 2
( t)
= sin ( ω0t
+
2
sruli energiisTvis gveqneba ( k = mω
)
0
2
0 ϕ
2
0
2
2
2
mω
0 A
[ cos ( ω t + ϕ)
+ sin ( ω t + ϕ)
] = const.
2 2
mω
0 A
W =
0
0
=
2
2
2
)