fizikis kursi
fizikis kursi fizikis kursi
sadac x merxevi sistemis fizikuri sididis (parametris) garkveuli gadaxraa (wanacvleba) wonasworobis mdebareobidan – x =0 -dan. A - rxevis amplitudaa, udidesi gadaxra wonasworobis mdebareobidan. ω 0 t + ϕ - rxevis fazaa, ϕ − rxevis sawyisi fazaa. rxevis periodi T – erTi sruli rxevis droa. ω t + T) + ϕ = ( ω t + ϕ) + 2π , saidanac 0 ( 0 2π T = ω rxevis sixSire υ -rxevaTa ricxvia drois erTeulSi [ ] υ = hc(herci ), dimυ = T −1 ω −wriuli (cikluri) sixSire – rxevaTa ricxvia 2π wamSi: 0 2π ω 0 = , ω0 = 2πυ T 4.2. siCqare da aCqareba harmoniuli rxevis dros 59 0 harmoniuli oscilatori _ sistemaa (sxeuli), romelic asrulebs harmoniul rxevebs mdgradi wonasworobis maxloblobaSi ω 0 sakuTari rxevis sixSiriT. sistemis merxevi sididis x wanacvleba (gadaxra) iqneba x = A ω t + ϕ) , cos( 0 romlis gawarmoebiTac miviRebT rxevis siCqares dx v = dt ⎛ π ⎞ = −Aω 0 sin( ω0t + ϕ) = Aω0 cos⎜ω0t + ϕ + ⎟ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2 d x 2 rxevis aCqareba a = = −Aω 0 cos( ω0t + ϕ + π ) (nax. 32) 2 dt nax. 32.
mocemulia wanacvlebis, siCqaris da aCqarebis damokidebuleba droze. harmoniuli rxevebi sruldebian drekadi (an kvazidrekadi) F d = −k x Zalis gavleniT. Tu visargeblebT niutonis me-2 kanoniT da am Zalebs gavutolebT erTmaneTs, martivi gardaqmnebiT miviRebT harmoniuli rxevis diferencialur gantolebas: k 2 = ω0 m 2 2 d x d x k F = m F = −kx 2 d da + = 0 2 dt dt m - oscilatoris sakuTari rxevis sixSirea. gantoleba Caiwereba 2 d x 2 + ω 0 x = 0 2 dt miRebuli diferencialuri gantolebis amoxsnaa: x = A ω t + ϕ) cos( 0 4.3. harmoniuli rxevis energia. merxev sxeuls wonasworobis mdebareobaSi gaaCnia mxolod kinetikuri energia, maqsimaluri gadaxrisas ki _ mxolod potencialuri. potencialuri energia gaizomeba F = −kx drekadi Zalis sawinaaRmdegod x manZilze sxeulis gadasaadgileblad Sesrulebuli muSaobiT. elementaruli Sesrulebuli muSaoba iqneba sruli muSaoba A = dA = Fdx = x ∫ 0 x 60 kxdx kx Fdx = ∫ kxdx = 2 2 2 kx kA 2 e.i. potenciuri energia W ( t) = = cos ( ω 0t + ϕ) 2 2 p kinetikuri energia wonasworobidan x manZilze W k 2 mω A 2 ( t) = sin ( ω0t + 2 sruli energiisTvis gveqneba ( k = mω ) 0 2 0 ϕ 2 0 2 2 2 mω 0 A [ cos ( ω t + ϕ) + sin ( ω t + ϕ) ] = const. 2 2 mω 0 A W = 0 0 = 2 2 2 )
- Page 9 and 10: ZiriTadi erTeulebis gansazRvra sigr
- Page 11 and 12: laTinuri anbani berZnuli anbani A,
- Page 13 and 14: sxeulis umartivesi fizikuri modelia
- Page 15 and 16: es gamosaxulebebi gansazRvraven saS
- Page 17 and 18: 2 dv v1 a τ = τ , an = n dt R τ
- Page 19 and 20: unviTi moZraobis dros sxeulis yvela
- Page 21 and 22: 1 ω υ = = T 2π 1 [ ] = wm υ =wm
- Page 23 and 24: 2. dinamika 2.1. materialuri wertil
- Page 25 and 26: niutonis meore kanoni. sxeulze momq
- Page 27 and 28: klasikur (niutonis) meqanikaSi gani
- Page 29 and 30: inerciuli da arainerciuli sistemebi
- Page 31 and 32: nax. 16. k- drekadobis koeficientia
- Page 33 and 34: xaxunis Zalebi xaxunis Zalebi warmo
- Page 35 and 36: 4. Tu sxeuli raRac ZaliT ekroba ver
- Page 37 and 38: omelic SemosazRvrulia Fr (r) mrudiT
- Page 39 and 40: 2 2 k mv 2 mv1 A = ΔW = − 2 2 sa
- Page 41 and 42: Zala da potenciuri energia davuSvaT
- Page 43 and 44: Zalis momenti _ fsevdoveqtoria, mis
- Page 45 and 46: mTeli sxeulis inerciis momenti I ud
- Page 47 and 48: ar icvleba droSi ( I z = const). im
- Page 49 and 50: dros. iqneba: am formuliT gamoiTvle
- Page 51 and 52: d p dt = 50 ∑ sadac p sistemis im
- Page 53 and 54: 2.6 sxeulTa wonasworobis pirobebi.
- Page 55 and 56: Seeqmna masSi sinaTlis gavrcelebisa
- Page 57 and 58: 3. siCqareTa Sekrebis kanoni. galil
- Page 59: 4. rxevebi da talRebi. 4.1. rxeva.
- Page 63 and 64: sadac A da B sawyisi amplitudebia,
- Page 65 and 66: sadac A 0 sawyisi amplitudaa milevi
- Page 67 and 68: α − talRis sawyisi faza ⎛ x
- Page 69 and 70: 3π A = 2A 2... md amplituda maqsim
- Page 71 and 72: sxeulis simkvrive _ ewodeba sxeulis
- Page 73 and 74: _ molekulebis saSualo kvadratuli si
- Page 75 and 76: -s damokidebuleba -ze mocemulia nax
- Page 77 and 78: ganawilebis funqcia eqvemdebareba n
- Page 79 and 80: Tavisufali gadarbenis gamoTvla mart
- Page 81 and 82: sadac da Sinagani energiis mniSvnel
- Page 83 and 84: e.i. kuTri siTbotevadoba siTbos is
- Page 85 and 86: adiabaturi gafarToebis muSaoba sada
- Page 87 and 88: ciklis dros. _ siTburi manqanis mie
- Page 89 and 90: nebismieri ciklisaTvis Termodinamik
- Page 91 and 92: entropiis warmodgena, rogorc damouk
- Page 93 and 94: maxloblobaSi. Tu nivTiereba imyofeb
- Page 95 and 96: temperaturis gadidebiT grafiki iwev
- Page 97 and 98: cdomilebaTa sruli Teoriis ganxilva
- Page 99 and 100: sadac , , - pirdapiri gazomvebis ab
- Page 101 and 102: diferencialebi Secvlilia fizikur si
sadac x merxevi sistemis fizikuri sididis (parametris) garkveuli<br />
gadaxraa (wanacvleba) wonasworobis mdebareobidan – x =0 -dan.<br />
A - rxevis amplitudaa, udidesi gadaxra wonasworobis<br />
mdebareobidan.<br />
ω 0 t + ϕ - rxevis fazaa,<br />
ϕ − rxevis sawyisi fazaa.<br />
rxevis periodi T – erTi sruli rxevis droa.<br />
ω t + T)<br />
+ ϕ = ( ω t + ϕ)<br />
+ 2π<br />
, saidanac<br />
0 ( 0<br />
2π<br />
T =<br />
ω<br />
rxevis sixSire υ -rxevaTa ricxvia drois erTeulSi<br />
[ ]<br />
υ = hc(herci ), dimυ<br />
= T<br />
−1<br />
ω −wriuli<br />
(cikluri) sixSire – rxevaTa ricxvia 2π wamSi:<br />
0<br />
2π<br />
ω 0 = , ω0 = 2πυ<br />
T<br />
4.2. siCqare da aCqareba harmoniuli rxevis dros<br />
59<br />
0<br />
harmoniuli oscilatori _ sistemaa (sxeuli), romelic asrulebs<br />
harmoniul rxevebs mdgradi wonasworobis maxloblobaSi ω 0 sakuTari<br />
rxevis sixSiriT. sistemis merxevi sididis x wanacvleba (gadaxra) iqneba<br />
x = A ω t + ϕ)<br />
,<br />
cos( 0<br />
romlis gawarmoebiTac miviRebT rxevis siCqares<br />
dx<br />
v =<br />
dt<br />
⎛ π ⎞<br />
= −Aω<br />
0 sin( ω0t<br />
+ ϕ)<br />
= Aω0<br />
cos⎜ω0t<br />
+ ϕ + ⎟<br />
⎝ 2 ⎠<br />
2<br />
d x<br />
2<br />
rxevis aCqareba a = = −Aω<br />
0 cos( ω0t<br />
+ ϕ + π ) (nax. 32)<br />
2<br />
dt<br />
nax. 32.
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