fizikis kursi
fizikis kursi fizikis kursi
Zalur vels erTgvarovani ewodeba, Tu velis nebismier wertilebSi nawilakze momqmedi Zalebi erTnairia sididiT da mimarTulebiT. ⎛ dF ⎞ droSi ucvlel-mudmiv vels ⎜ = 0⎟ ⎝ dt ⎠ ⎛ dF ⎞ cvlads ⎜ ≠ 0⎟ − ⎝ dt ⎠ arastacionaruli. disipatiuri Zalebi 39 stacionaruli ewodeba, xolo Zalebs ewodebaT disipatiuri, Tu maTi Sesrulebuli muSaoba, Caketil sistemaSi nebismieri moZraobisas uaryofiTia. aseTia winaaRmdegobis, xaxunis Zala. aseTi Zalebis sidide damokidebulia rogorc sxeulebis konfiguraciaze, aseve sxeulebis fardobiT siCqareze. isini yovelTvis mimarTulia nawilakebis (sxeulebis) siCqaris sawinaaRmdegod da iwveven maT damuxruWebas. potenciuri energia sxeulebis (nawilakebis) sistemis potenciuri energia ganisazRvreba maTi urTierTmdebareobiT da damokidebulia sxeulebs (wertilebs) Soris momqmedi konservatoruli Zalebis xasiaTze. ganmartebis Tanaxmad, is warmoadgens wertilTa koordinatebis funqcias u = u( x, y, z) . Tu Cven velis yovel wertils SevusabamebT aseT funqcias u(x,y,z) = u(r), maSin velis Zalebis mier Sesrulebuli muSaoba toli iqneba am funqciis Semcirebis. aseT funqcias uwodeben da utoleben potenciur energias. amgvarad, sxeulis (nawilakis) gadaadgilebisas X RerZis gaswvriv X 1 wertilidan X 2 –Si, Sesrulebuli muSaoba Cveni ganmartebis Tanaxmad, iqneba x2 p p A12 = ∫ F( x) dx = −( W ( x2) −W ( x1) ) x 1 potencialuri energia _ sxeulis (nawilakebis) urTierTqmedebis energiaa konservatorul velTan. is damokidebulia am velSi nawilakis mdebareobaze.
Zala da potenciuri energia davuSvaT, urTierTqmedebis konservatoruli F Zalis moqmedebiT nivTieri wertili asrulebs dr gadaadgilebas, F Zalis Sesrulebuli muSaoba Caiwereba dA = 40 ( Fd r meores mxriv, potenciuri energia Semcirdeba imave sididiT. amitom p ( Fdr) = Fdrcosα = Frdr = −dW , ( Fr = F cosα ) p p dW Frdr = −dW da Fr = − dr e.i. Zalis gegmili dr mimarTulebaze udris potenciuri energiis warmoebuls imave mimarTulebiT. skalaruli W funqciis warmoebuls im mimarTulebiT, romliskenac warmoebuli udidesia, am funqciis gradienti ewodeba _ grad W. funqciis gradienti aris veqtori, romlis gaswvriv am funqciis zrdis siCqare maqsimaluria da sididiT tolia am mimarTulebiT funqciis cvlilebisa manZilis erTeulze, veqtorulad: ) p F = −gradW niSani minusi aCvenebs, rom Zala mimarTulia potencialuri energiis Semcirebis mimarTulebiT. simbolo (ortebi). p p p p ∂W ∂W ∂W grad W = i + i + k ∂x ∂y ∂z p gradW -Ti aRniSnulia jami: sadac i , j, k − koordinatTa RerZebis erTeulovani veqtorebia w funqciis gradientis gegmilebi RerZebze konservatoruli p ∂W Zalebis SemTxvevaSi iqnebian , ∂x dagegmilebiT miviRebT: F x ∂W = − ∂x p , F x ∂W = − ∂y p , F x ∂ p W ∂y ∂W = − ∂z p ∂W , ∂z p , amitom F −gradW p = RerZebze
- Page 1 and 2: v. melaZe fizikis kursi (I nawili)
- Page 3 and 4: fizikis kursis pirveli nawili _ meq
- Page 5 and 6: molekuluri fizika 68 5. idealuri ai
- Page 7 and 8: fizikuri sidideebi, ganzomileba, er
- Page 9 and 10: ZiriTadi erTeulebis gansazRvra sigr
- Page 11 and 12: laTinuri anbani berZnuli anbani A,
- Page 13 and 14: sxeulis umartivesi fizikuri modelia
- Page 15 and 16: es gamosaxulebebi gansazRvraven saS
- Page 17 and 18: 2 dv v1 a τ = τ , an = n dt R τ
- Page 19 and 20: unviTi moZraobis dros sxeulis yvela
- Page 21 and 22: 1 ω υ = = T 2π 1 [ ] = wm υ =wm
- Page 23 and 24: 2. dinamika 2.1. materialuri wertil
- Page 25 and 26: niutonis meore kanoni. sxeulze momq
- Page 27 and 28: klasikur (niutonis) meqanikaSi gani
- Page 29 and 30: inerciuli da arainerciuli sistemebi
- Page 31 and 32: nax. 16. k- drekadobis koeficientia
- Page 33 and 34: xaxunis Zalebi xaxunis Zalebi warmo
- Page 35 and 36: 4. Tu sxeuli raRac ZaliT ekroba ver
- Page 37 and 38: omelic SemosazRvrulia Fr (r) mrudiT
- Page 39: 2 2 k mv 2 mv1 A = ΔW = − 2 2 sa
- Page 43 and 44: Zalis momenti _ fsevdoveqtoria, mis
- Page 45 and 46: mTeli sxeulis inerciis momenti I ud
- Page 47 and 48: ar icvleba droSi ( I z = const). im
- Page 49 and 50: dros. iqneba: am formuliT gamoiTvle
- Page 51 and 52: d p dt = 50 ∑ sadac p sistemis im
- Page 53 and 54: 2.6 sxeulTa wonasworobis pirobebi.
- Page 55 and 56: Seeqmna masSi sinaTlis gavrcelebisa
- Page 57 and 58: 3. siCqareTa Sekrebis kanoni. galil
- Page 59 and 60: 4. rxevebi da talRebi. 4.1. rxeva.
- Page 61 and 62: mocemulia wanacvlebis, siCqaris da
- Page 63 and 64: sadac A da B sawyisi amplitudebia,
- Page 65 and 66: sadac A 0 sawyisi amplitudaa milevi
- Page 67 and 68: α − talRis sawyisi faza ⎛ x
- Page 69 and 70: 3π A = 2A 2... md amplituda maqsim
- Page 71 and 72: sxeulis simkvrive _ ewodeba sxeulis
- Page 73 and 74: _ molekulebis saSualo kvadratuli si
- Page 75 and 76: -s damokidebuleba -ze mocemulia nax
- Page 77 and 78: ganawilebis funqcia eqvemdebareba n
- Page 79 and 80: Tavisufali gadarbenis gamoTvla mart
- Page 81 and 82: sadac da Sinagani energiis mniSvnel
- Page 83 and 84: e.i. kuTri siTbotevadoba siTbos is
- Page 85 and 86: adiabaturi gafarToebis muSaoba sada
- Page 87 and 88: ciklis dros. _ siTburi manqanis mie
- Page 89 and 90: nebismieri ciklisaTvis Termodinamik
Zala da potenciuri energia<br />
davuSvaT, urTierTqmedebis konservatoruli F Zalis moqmedebiT<br />
nivTieri wertili asrulebs dr gadaadgilebas, F Zalis Sesrulebuli<br />
muSaoba Caiwereba<br />
dA =<br />
40<br />
( Fd<br />
r<br />
meores mxriv, potenciuri energia Semcirdeba imave sididiT.<br />
amitom<br />
p<br />
( Fdr) = Fdrcosα<br />
= Frdr<br />
= −dW<br />
, ( Fr = F cosα<br />
)<br />
p<br />
p<br />
dW<br />
Frdr = −dW<br />
da Fr = −<br />
dr<br />
e.i. Zalis gegmili dr mimarTulebaze udris potenciuri energiis<br />
warmoebuls imave mimarTulebiT. skalaruli W funqciis warmoebuls im<br />
mimarTulebiT, romliskenac warmoebuli udidesia, am funqciis gradienti<br />
ewodeba _ grad W.<br />
funqciis gradienti aris veqtori, romlis gaswvriv am funqciis<br />
zrdis siCqare maqsimaluria da sididiT tolia am mimarTulebiT<br />
funqciis cvlilebisa manZilis erTeulze, veqtorulad:<br />
)<br />
p<br />
F = −gradW<br />
niSani minusi aCvenebs, rom Zala mimarTulia potencialuri<br />
energiis Semcirebis mimarTulebiT. simbolo<br />
(ortebi).<br />
p<br />
p<br />
p<br />
p ∂W<br />
∂W<br />
∂W<br />
grad W = i + i + k<br />
∂x<br />
∂y<br />
∂z<br />
p<br />
gradW -Ti aRniSnulia jami:<br />
sadac i , j,<br />
k − koordinatTa RerZebis erTeulovani veqtorebia<br />
w funqciis gradientis gegmilebi RerZebze konservatoruli<br />
p<br />
∂W<br />
Zalebis SemTxvevaSi iqnebian ,<br />
∂x<br />
dagegmilebiT miviRebT:<br />
F x<br />
∂W<br />
= −<br />
∂x<br />
p<br />
,<br />
F x<br />
∂W<br />
= −<br />
∂y<br />
p<br />
,<br />
F x<br />
∂ p<br />
W<br />
∂y<br />
∂W<br />
= −<br />
∂z<br />
p<br />
∂W<br />
,<br />
∂z<br />
p<br />
,<br />
amitom<br />
F −gradW<br />
p<br />
= RerZebze
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