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Workshop on Land Right Issues in Chittagong Hill Tracts
Organized by
HTNF, MfPFLR-CHT, Kapaeeng, Taungya,
Maleya and MroChet
with the support of HRGG-PSU, RDE/Danida

Published on:
30 November 2005
Published by:
Hill Tracts NGO Forum
(An Association of CHT NGOs)
Rajbari Road, Rangamati-450000, Rangamati Hill District
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Tel: +880-351-62842, Fax: +880-351-61109, E-mail: htnf_cht@hotmail.com
Kapaeeng
(An Indigenous People’s Human Rights Organization of Bangladesh)
E-mail: kapaeeng@yahoo.co.uk
Mro-Chet
Ujani Para, Badarban-460000, Bandarban Hill District
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Tel: +880-361-62194, E-mal: ranglai_mro@yahoo.com
Taungya
(An organization for Indigenous Culture, Environment & Socio-Economic
Advancement)
Rajbari Road, Rangamati – 45000, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladeah
Tel: 880-351-62111, E-mail: taungya_cht@yahoo.com
Movement for the Protection of Forest and Land Rights
C/o Taungya
Rajbari Road, Rangamati – 45000, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladeah
Tel: 880-351-62111
Maleya
C/o Hill Tracts NGO Forum
Rajbari Road, Rangamati-450000, Rangamati Hill District
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Tel: +880-351-62842, Fax: +880-351-61109
Ackowledgement:
HRGG-PSU, RDE/Danida
Price: Taka 30.00, US $ 3.00

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Workshop on Land Right Issues in Chittagong Hill Tracts
Co-organized by
HTNF, MfPFLR-CHT, Kapaeeng, Taungya, Maleya and MroChet
With the support of HRGG-PSU, RDE/Danida
23-24 November 2005, Sabarang Restaurant, Rangamati
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Background Paper
Workshop on Land Right Issues in Chittagong Hill Tracts
1. Background:
The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), southeastern part of Bangladesh, is the
territory of 11 different indigenous peoples. Local indigenous peoples
administered this region with special status until the independence of
Bangladesh in 1971. For the reestablishment of the rights, the indigenous peoples
had to go through struggle associated with armed struggle for a long more that
two decades that was ended in 1997 through signing the CHT Accord. It is
needless to mention that one of the main problems of CHT indigenous peoples is
the territorial integrity. The indigenous peoples already lost their lands by so
called development projects such as dam and forestation etc., projects by CHT
Development Board. Moreover, in 1980s, thousands of Bengali families were
brought and settled down on the lands of indigenous peoples by the government
that compelled thousands of indigenous families to cross the border and took
refuge in Tripura.
Although it has been six years after the signing of the Accord, no progress has
been achieved regarding the solution of disputes over land. Land grabbing by
the settlers with the help of the military is every day scenerio in the CHT now.
Considering those situation, Hill Tracts NGO Forum (HTNF), in association with
other CHT based organizations such as Movement for Protection of Forest and
Land Rights, Taungya, Maleya, MroChet and Kapaeeng, an indigenous peoples
human rights organization has initiated to hold a two day workshop followed by
a one day field trip.
2. Objectives:
The objectives of the workshop are,
• To identify key land related issues, strategic priorities and possible
programmes and initiatives for the intervention for the promotion and
protection of the land rights of the CHT.
• To identify and assess the constraints and opportunities of various actors on
the issues of land rights of the CHT at local, national and international level.
• To provide an opportunity for the CHT peoples to further strengthen their
network on the issues of land at the local level.
3. Expected outcomes:
The following outcomes will be come out from the workshop:
• Land related issues of the CHT will be focused.
• Strategic priority issues to make possible intervention will be identified.
• Actors of land rights issues of the CHT and their constraints and
opportunities will be assessed.
• The network of the CHT peoples for the promotion and protection of the
land rights of the CHT will be strengthened.
• Finally, a consolidation report on the above outcome will be prepared.

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K_v wQj wKš‘ Dwb GKwU Ri“ix Kv‡R AvU‡K hvIqvq Avm‡Z cv‡ibwb †mRb¨ Dwb Avcbv‡`i
mevi Kv‡Q gv †P‡q‡Qb| Avwg Dbvi c n‡q gv cÖv_©Yv KiwQ| Z‡e Dwb Avk¦¯— K‡i‡Qb
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A‡bKUv informal n‡e ‡m‡nZz mevi mv‡_ interact Kivi A‡bK my‡hvM _vK‡e| Dwb cÖwZ
wel‡q AskMÖnY Kievi we‡klfv‡e Avkv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, AvkvKwi Avcbviv Zvi GB
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Avcbviv BwZg‡a¨ Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †h AvR‡Ki Kg©kvjvi j¨ Ges D‡Ïk¨| Avwg Avkv KiwQ
†h, GB `yÕw`‡bi Kg©kvjv †_‡K Avgv‡`i GB A‡ji f~wg msµvš— hveZxq mgm¨v Avgiv
mdjfv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ev Ges ‡mB mgm¨v¸‡jv‡K DËi‡Yi †h cÖwµqv ev cš’v †mwU
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GB Kg©kvjvwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi| GwU ïay Avcbv‡`i Rb¨ bq, GB Kg©kvjvi
mycvwik ev GB Kg©kvjvq wPwýZ mgm¨v¸‡jv mg¯— Dbœqb Askx`vi‡`i‡K mgvbfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv
Ki‡e| GwU †hgbfv‡e `vZv ms¯’v‡`i‡K Zv‡`i Kg©cš’v wba©vi‡Yi R‡b¨ mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e wVK
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mgvbfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡e|
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GB Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnY K‡i Avgvi Áv‡bi cwiwa‡K Av‡iv aviv‡jv Kievi Rb¨| Avgvi ejvi
K_v bq, hw`I ej‡Z n‡”Q| GKRb gvbevwaKvi Kg©x wnmv‡e Avwg GBUzKz ej‡Z PvB †h, GwU
GKwU AZ¨š— RwUj mgm¨v| Avw`evmx‡`i †h‡nZz GwU GK`g ms¯‹…wZi GKwU Ask, ZvB
Avw`evmx‡`i Rb¨ f~wg GKwU AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| ZvQvov AAvw`evmx‡`i Rb¨I wKš‘ f~wg AwZ
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A‡cvq| Zvi †gvUvgywU 80% fvM gvgjvB wKš‘ f~wg msµvš—| gv‡b f~wg msµvš— we‡iva wb‡qB
gvgjvi DrcwË nq Ges GB mg¯— gvgjv¸wj eQ‡ii ci eQi Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges GB gvgjv
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q A‡b‡KB wbt¯^I n‡q hvq|
GB welqwU †Kej cve©Z¨ A‡j bq GwU me A‡ji| Avi cve©Z¨ A‡j GwUi mv‡_ AviI
we‡kl wKQy mgm¨v i‡q‡Q| Avi Avgvi Kv‡Q †hUv g‡b nq, gvbevwaKvi Kg©x wn‡m‡e GB ai‡bi
welq¸‡jv f~wg q ev f~wg `Lj, †e`Lj GB welq¸wj Lye my¯úófv‡e WKz‡g‡›UW nIqv

`iKvi| ‡mB RvqMvUvq Avgvi g‡b nq h‡_ó NvUwZ i‡q‡Q d¨v± dvBwÛs (Fact finding) Ges
WKz‡g‡›Uk‡b (documentation)| Avgiv ejwQ ev `vex KiwQ Agy‡Ki f~wg ‡K‡o ‡bIqv n‡q‡Q
ev AgyK f~wg nviv‡”Q, wKš‘ wK cÖwµqvq nviv‡”Q Avgiv hw` †Kvb Z_¨ ev cwimsL¨vb ‡`L‡Z PvB
GwU wKš—y instantly ‡`Iqv Lye difficult| wKš‘ Avcwb hw` miKv‡ii mv‡_ ev GgbwK Avcwb
hw` gvgjvI cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z hvb Avcbvi R‡b¨ Z_¨ AZ¨š— ¸iyZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| †mB Kvi‡Y
GB cy‡iv welqUvB Lye cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e documented nIqv `iKvi Ges ZLbB Avgiv
G¨vW‡fv‡Kmx Ki‡Z cvi‡ev ‡h, GB †jvKwU Gfv‡e Zvi f~wg nviv‡”Q Ges GwU‡K Gfv‡e Zvi
f~wg Zv‡K †diZ w`‡q †`Iqv m¤¢e ev wdwi‡q †`Iqv hvq|
Avwg Avkv Ki‡ev †h, `yÕw`‡bi GB Kg©kvjvq GB WKz‡g‡›Uk‡bi (documentation) e¨vcviwUI
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Avcbv‡`i mevB‡K A‡bK A‡bK ï‡f”Qv Ges G `yÕw`‡bi Kg©kvjv AZ¨š— djcÖmy n‡e GB
Avkv K‡i I mdjZv Kvgbv K‡i †kl KiwQ| ab¨ev`|
wg. Dlvn¬v †ivqvRv, m`m¨, ivsMvgvwU †Rjv cwil`
Avwg ab¨ev` Rvbvw”Q AvR‡Ki hviv GB Kg©kvjv Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i‡K| AvR‡Ki
Abyôv‡bi D‡ØvaK ivsMvgvwU ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil‡`i mv‡eK †Pqvig¨vb kªx †MŠZg †`Iqvb
g‡nv`q, Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil‡`i kª×vfvRb m¤§vwbZ m`m¨ kÖx †MŠZg
Kzgvi PvKgv, Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb AvÂwjK cwil‡`i gyL¨ wbev©nx Kg©KZ©v Ges g‡Â Dcweó
AwZw_e„›` Ges wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjv †_‡K AvMZ kª×vfvRb †nWg¨vb, Kve©vix, †Pqvig¨vb mevB‡K
Rvbvw”Q ivsMvgvwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i c †_‡K bg¯‹vi|
AvR‡Ki Abyôv‡bi wel‡q Avcbviv mevB Kg †ekx n‡jI AeMZ Av‡Qb †h, Avgv‡`i cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡g f~wg wb‡q GKwU RwUj cwiw¯’wZ m„wó n‡q‡Q, bvbv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡”Q| GLvb †_‡K
Avgiv wKfv‡e gyw³ †c‡Z cvwi ZviB Av‡jv‡K AvR‡Ki GB Av‡qvRb, GB Av‡jvPbv mfv|
Z‡e AvR‡Ki GB Abyôv‡b hviv AwZw_ Av‡Qb Avgvi g‡b nq Kg‡ekx mevi wKQyUv n‡jI Rvbv
Av‡Q †h, Avgiv m¤¢eZt `yB wK wZb eQi Av‡M GKevi GB f~wg msµvš— welq wb‡q AvR‡Ki
Abyôv‡bi D‡ØvaK kª×vfvRb †MŠZg †`Iqv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M cve©Z¨ ‡Rjv cwil‡` GK †Mvj‡Uwej
Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡qwQj| ZLbI we‡kl K‡i f~wg msµvš— wel‡q A‡bK Av‡jvPbv
n‡q‡Q| ZviB DËim~ix wn‡m‡e AvR‡Ki GB Av‡qvRb|
AvR‡Ki GB Abyôvb‡K ‡hb Avgiv my›`i I mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cvwi Ges AvR‡Ki GB
`yÕw`‡bi Kg©kvjvi g‡a¨ w`‡q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †gnbwZ Avw`evmx hv‡Z gyw³ jvf Ki‡Z cvwi
GB Avkvq, GB Kvgbv †i‡L Avgvi mswß e³e¨ †kl KiwQ| mevB‡K bg¯‹vi|
wg: myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv, gyL¨ wbevn©x Kg©KZ©v, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil`
ab¨ev`| AvR‡Ki GB Land Rights Issue wb‡q wPUvMs wnj Uª¨v±m-Gi we‡kl Kg©kvjvi
m¤§vwbZ D‡ØvaK kªx †MŠZg †`Iqvb Ges m¤§vwbZ AvÂwjK cwil‡`i m`m¨ kªx †MŠZg Kzgvi
PvKgv Ges Royal Danish Embassy-Gi Human Rights and Good Governance wb‡q
whwb KvR K‡ib Rbve mygb, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i m¤§vwbZ m`m¨ Dlvn¬v †ivqvRv Ges AvR‡K
AvMZ wewfbœ †emiKvix cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©KZ©ve„›` Ges GB Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRKe„›`|

Avm‡j land ev f~wg wRwbmUv ïay cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g bq, mviv evsjv‡`‡kB GKwU RwUj welq|
Avwg hLb mgZ‡j PvKyix‡Z wQjvg ZLb †`‡LwQ mËi †_‡K Avwk fvM mgm¨vB n‡jv f~wg‡K
wb‡q| hZ iK‡gi †dŠR`vix gvgjv, †`Iqvbx gvgjv †Zv Av‡QB, hZ mgm¨v n‡jv f~wg‡K wb‡q|
f~wg‡K wb‡q mgm¨v nIqvi wewfbœ KviYI Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i GLv‡b †h j¨vÛ GWwgwb‡÷ªkb †hUv
e„wUkiv mviv fviZe‡l© cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Q †mUv‡Z wKš‘ avivevwnKZv wQj bv| AvBb¸‡jvi cÖYq‡b
A‡bKUv avivevwnKZv (Chronology) wQj bv| we‡kl Ae¯’vi †cÖw‡Z we‡kl wKQy wKQy e¨e¯’v
MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b Av‡iKUv K_v bv ej‡jB bq, evsjv‡`‡k 1875 mv‡ji †h mv‡f© AvBb, †mLv‡b A‡bK
wKQy ΓwU i‡q †M‡Q| GB mv‡f© AvB‡bi Aax‡b n‡jv 1935 mv‡ji Settlement Manual
‡mUv‡Z wKQyUv Lacking i‡q †M‡Q| we‡kl K‡i †mLv‡b mv‡f© Kg©KZ©v‡`i GKUv wewa Av‡Q,
†hLv‡b Zv‡`i‡K G‡Kev‡i ‡¯^”QvPvix nIqvi gZv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GUv A‡bK ‡‡Î e¨w³MZ
B”Qv ev Awb”Qvi welq n‡q `uvovq| `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h, AvR ch©š— GB AvBbMZ
AmsMwZ¸‡jv `~ixf~Z Kivi †Kvb e¨e¯’v †bIqv nqwb| Avgv‡`i GLv‡b ‡Zv AviI Sv‡gjvc~Y©|
GKvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvi g‡a¨ my¯úó GKUv
cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| †m cv_©K¨Uv GKvi‡Y †h, GLvbKvi cÖmvkwbK e¨e¯’v Avjv`v, f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv
Avjv`v| Bs‡iRiv GLv‡b Avm‡Q †mB 1757†Z| 1947 mvj ch©š— cÖvq †cŠ‡b `yÕ`yeQi ivRZ¡
K‡i †M‡Q, wKš— cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Zv‡`i GKmgq †h mivmwi kvmb ‡mUv n‡jv gvÎ mvZvwk eQi,
1860 †_‡K 1947| GB wRwbmUv eyS‡Z n‡e|
Av‡iKUv welq eyS‡Z n‡e †h, fviZe‡l© Zv‡`i ‡h f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv Zvi g~j wfwË n‡jv wPi¯’vqx
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gvwjK n‡eb Rwg`viiv, wPi¯’vqxfv‡e Rwg Zv‡`i ‡`qv n‡jv| miKvi ïay Zv‡`i KvQ ‡_‡K
wba©vwiZ cwigvY LvRbv eQiv‡š— †c‡qB Lykx wQ‡jb| Gi evB‡i miKv‡ii †Kvb `vq-`vwqZ¡ wQj
bv| Avi Rwg`vi‡`i `vwqZ¡ wQj- Zviv cÖRv cËb Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Avi cÖRv D‡”Q`I Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb| Zvn‡j cÖRv‡`i ¯^Z¡Uv wK? cÖRv‡`i †Kvb ¯^Z¡B wQj bv| A‡bKUv f~wg`v‡mi gZ
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n‡Zv| wKš‘ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g GB Rwg`vix e¨e¯’v wQj bv Ges Zv cÖeZ©bI Kiv nqwb| e„wUk
miKvi GUv cÖeZ©bI K‡i bvB|
e„wUk MfY©‡g›U cieZx©‡Z †hUv K‡i‡Q Revenue Administration hv A‡bKUv fvi‡Zi
Managerial miKv‡ii gZ| UªvwWkbvj jxWviwk‡ci mv‡_ miKvix cÖwZwbwai mgš^‡q GLv‡b
e„wUk Avgj ‡_‡K AvR ch©š— f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv P‡j Avm‡Q| GLbI cve©Z¨ A‡j f~wg
e¨e¯’vcbvi †‡Î †nWg¨vb, Kve©vix, mv‡K©j PxdivB gyL¨ f~wgKv iv‡Lb| GUv wKš‘ e„wUk‡`i
GKUv legacy hv GLbI P‡j Avm‡Q Ges †mB avivUv‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q 1989 mv‡ji
cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvB‡b Ges 1900 mv‡ji †i¸‡jk‡bI GUv my¯úó| f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv wK
n‡e, Kviv Ki‡e Gi wewaweavb¸‡jv Av‡Q| Zvn‡j GUv ¯úó †h, e„wUk‡`i cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v ev
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Avgv‡`i eyS‡Z n‡e | Avgiv eywS bv, Avgiv A‡bK mgq Pvwc‡q w`‡Z PvB| ‡hgb GB ‡h Lvm
Rwg wb‡q GLv‡b cÖPzi weZK© i‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i wPUvMvs wnj Uª¨v±‡m GB Lvm Rwg wb‡q GKUv
weZK© i‡q †M‡Q |

Avgiv hw` ÒLvmÓ Rwgi e¨vcviwU †`L‡Z hvB, Zvn‡j 1900 mv‡ji †i¸‡jkb ev ZviI Av‡M
e„wUk cÖewZ©Z AvBb¸‡jv‡Z †h‡Z n‡e| KviY e„wUkiv GLv‡b Av‡m 1860 mv‡j Ges GUv‡K
bZzb †Rjv †NvlYv K‡i| fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g †Rjv m„wó K‡iwQj wKš‘ †Kv¤úvbx MfY©‡g›U|
e„wUk cÖkvmb‡KI Avgiv `yÕfv‡e fvM Ki‡Z cvwi GB Dcgnv‡`‡k| GKUv n‡jv †Kv¤úvbxi
mivmwi kvmb, †hUv B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx K‡i‡Q| 1757 mvj n‡Z 1857 ch©š— n‡jv
†Kv¤úvbxi kvmb| GKUv evwbwR¨K †Kv¤úvbx e¨emv Ki‡Z G‡m‡Q Zviv Avevi †`k kvmbI
K‡i‡Q| Zviv wejv‡Zi cvjv©‡g›U †_‡K ivbxi mb` wb‡q e¨emv Ki‡Z G‡mwQj| Zv‡`i
cÖkvmbUv P‡jwQj 1857 mvj ch©š— A_v©r wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni AvM ch©š—| GB wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni
ci wKš‘ Zv‡`i †mB kvmb e¨e¯’v mivmwi e„wUk MfY©‡g‡›Ui nv‡Z P‡j hvq|
Zviv ejj †h, GKUv e¨emvwqK †Kv¤úvwb GZ eo GKUv †`k kvmb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs
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A_©vr wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡ni GK eQi c‡iB| GB AvBb e‡jB A_©vr fviZ kvmb AvB‡bi Aax‡b
e„wUk miKvi ‡Kv¤úvbx‡K wejyß K‡i †`q Ges kvmbe¨e¯’v mivmwi wb‡Ri nv‡Z Zz‡j †bq|
e„wUkiv GB †h cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v¸‡jv wb‡jv G‡`i g‡a¨ GKUv welq we‡kl D‡j−L‡hvM¨| †mUv
n‡jv 1836 mv‡ji †Rjv AvBb| GB AvBb e‡jB G‡`‡k wKš—y †Rjv¸‡jv cÖ_g m„wó K‡iwQ‡jv
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GKUv †Rjv AvBb Ki‡jv| †mwU n‡jv District Act-1860| GB AvB‡bi Aax‡b e„wUk
MfY©‡g›U eo eo †Rjv¸‡jv‡K †f‡O mviv fviZ e‡l© 5 k‡Zi AwaK bZzb †Rjv m„wó Ki‡jv|
District Act-1860 e‡j Avgv‡`i wPUvMvs wnj Uª¨v±mI †Rjv n‡q †M‡jv Ab¨vb¨ †Rjv¸‡jvi
gZ|
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Øviv A_©vr mgZ‡j cÖ‡hvR¨ †h AvBb¸‡jv i‡q‡Q ‡mB AvBb¸‡jv Øviv cwiPvjbv Kiv hv‡e bv|
Zviv G‡Zv wcQ‡b c‡o‡Q †h, Zv‡`i‡K Avjv`v K‡i w`‡ZB n‡e| †mUvi Rb¨ Zviv Avevi
GKUv AvBb Ki‡jv, †mUv n‡jv Government of India Act-1870 (Backward Caste
Administration for Backward Tracts)|
cðvrc` AÂj¸‡jvi Rb¨ wKfv‡e G¨vWwgwb‡Uªkb n‡e, wKfv‡e cÖkvmb Pvjv‡bv n‡e †mUvi Rb¨
Zviv Avevi GKUv AvBb Ki‡jv 1870 mv‡j| Gi djB n‡jv 1874 mv‡ji “Schedule
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†Rjv Ki‡jv| †Rjv Kivi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv GKUvB; †mUv n‡jv GB †h, Zv‡`i †h ethnicity,
culture Ges land rights GUv‡K protection ‡`Iqv Ges protection w`‡Z wM‡q Zv‡`i
‡mLv‡b GKUv simple administration Pvjy Kiv| †m simple administration n‡e
traditional leader-†`i mv‡_ wg‡j e„wUk cÖkvm‡bi GKUv †hŠ_ cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v| Ges †m

†hŠ_ e¨e¯’v Avgv‡`i CHT Regulation-GI Av‡Q| ‡mLv‡b ejv Av‡Q, we‡kl K‡i Avgvi hw`
fyj bv nq, wewa-39-G ejv Av‡Q, eQiv‡š— `yÕevi mv‡K©j Px‡di mv‡_ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q †WcywU
Kwgkbvi‡K em‡Z n‡e Ges e‡m wm×&vš— wb‡Z n‡e GLvbKvi cÖkvmb Ges GLvbKvi Ab¨vb¨
e¨e¯’v¸‡jv wb‡q| GUv CHT Regulation-Gi wewa‡Z Av‡Q| GLb G¸‡jv KZUzKz Kvh©Ki
Avwg wVK Rvwb bv|
Avwg Avgv‡`i ÒLvmÓ Rwg¸‡jv wb‡q wKQy K_v ej‡Z †P‡qwQjvg| ÒLvmÓ kãUvi A_© n‡jv
Avm‡j wbR¯^ ev wb‡Ri ev G‡Kev‡i Avmj| GB ÒLvmÓ RwgUv Avm‡Q †Kv‡Ì‡K? GB ÒLvmÓ
RwgUv G‡m‡Q 1950 mv‡ji Rwg`vwi D‡PQ` Ges cÖRv¯^Z¡ AvBb e‡j †h Rwg P‡j †M‡jv †m
wZc~iY wn‡m‡e wKQy Rwg Rwg`vi‡`i ‡`qv nq| 1950 mv‡ji Rwg`vwi D‡PQ` Ges cÖRv¯^Z¡
AvB‡b Rwg`viMY‡K wZcyiY †`Iqvi Rb¨ weavb Av‡Q| Rwg`vi‡`i‡K wZcyiY wn‡m‡e
cÖ`Ë RwgB ÒLvmÓ Rwg wnmv‡e wPwýZ| ÒLvmÓ RvqMv †hUv †mUv n‡jv Rwg`vi‡`i wbR¯^
RvqMv, Zviv wb‡RivB GLv‡b hv DwPr ZvB Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb|
Avgv‡`i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Rwg`viB wQj bv †mLv‡b ÒLvmÓ †Kv‡Ì‡K †c‡jb MfY©‡g›U? GB
ÒLvmÓ RvqMvUv †c‡jb †Kv‡Ì‡K? ZrKvjxb East Bengal Government, ZL‡bv East
Pakistan nqwb, Rwg`vi‡`i KvQ †_‡K Lvm Rwg¸‡jv wZcyiY w`‡q wb‡jb Ges †mUv‡K
ej‡jb †h, 1 b¤^i LwZqv‡b emv‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j GLv‡b Rwg`viB wQj bv ev Rwg`vix cÖ_v
cÖeZ©bB nqwb Zvn‡j GLv‡b Lvm Rwg _vK‡e †Kv_vq? Zvn‡j Zviv †mLv‡b ÒLvmÓUv †c‡jb
†Kv_vq? ÒLvmÓUv iBj ‡Kv_vq? ZvQvov ÒEast Bengal State Acquisation Tenancy
Act”G cÖ_‡gB ejv Av‡Q †h, GUv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| GUv wb‡q GLv‡b
A‡bK controversy Av‡Q, A‡bK e³e¨ Av‡Q|
Zvici Av‡iKUv gRvi NUbv GB †h, ÒLvmÓ e‡j †Kvb kã Avgv‡`i CHT Regulation-G
wQj bv| 1947 mvj ch©š— ÒLvmÓ e‡j †Kvb kã Avcwb CHT Regulation-G cv‡eb bv| GUv
cieZ©x‡Z XyKv‡bv n‡q‡Q | Avcbviv Rv‡bb, 18 wewa‡Z ejv Av‡Q wK wK Ki‡Z cvi‡e GB
AvBb e‡j| 18 b¤^i aviv‡Z ejv Av‡Q ÔTo regulate and restrict the transfer of land in
the CHT”| ‡mLv‡b wKš‘ †Kv_vI ÒLvmÓ kãwU ejv bvB| hv‡nvK mevB‡K ab¨ev`|
D‡Øvabx fvlY t ‡MŠZg †`Iqvb, mfvcwZ, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg eb I f~wg AwaKvi msiY Av‡›`vjb
g‡Â Dcw¯’Z AvÂwjK cwil‡`i m¤§vwbZ m`m¨ kªx †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv, †Rjv cwil‡`i m`m¨
evey Dlvn¬v †ivqvRv, AvÂwjK cwil‡`i Kg©KZ©v myK…wZ evey, W¨vwbk G¨vg‡emxi Kg©KZ©v mygb
mv‡ne, wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjv †_‡K AvMZ wewfbœ RbcÖwZwbwa, HwZn¨evnx †bZ„e„›`, wewfbœ
†emiKvix ms¯’vi Kg©KZ©ve„›` Avcbv‡`i mevB‡K Avš—wiK ï‡f”Qv Ges ab¨ev`| Avgiv
BwZg‡a¨B AeMZ n‡qwQ- Avgiv `yÕw`be¨vcx AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU Kg©kvjv ïi“ Ki‡Z hvw”Q|
Avgiv mevB, n‡Z cv‡i Avgvi mv‡_ Kv‡ivi †Kvb wØgZ _vK‡e bv - mgm¨v msKzj cwi‡e‡k
Avgv‡`i emevm Ki‡Z n‡”Q| Z¤§‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q Avgv‡`i f~wg| f~wg mgm¨v ïay cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡g bq, mviv †`‡kiB mgm¨v| Z‡e Avgv‡`i mgm¨vUv GKUz, Avwg ej‡ev AviI GKUz
wfbœZi| KviY Avgv‡`i GB f~wg mgm¨v Avgv‡`i Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖ‡kœi mv‡_ RwoZ| GUv Avgv‡`i
e¨w³MZ †Kvb PvIqv cvIqvi welq bq, e¨w³MZ nviv‡bvi e¨vcvi bq, G‡Z RvwZMZfv‡e
Avgv‡`i Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖkœ i‡q‡Q f~wg mgm¨vUv wb‡q| †mRb¨ GLvbKvi wKQy GbwRI Avcbviv
†cÖvMªv‡g †c‡q‡Qb Avgiv G mgm¨vUv wKfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq, wKQy †gŠwjK mgm¨v Av‡Q †m¸‡jv

wKfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq, GUv‡K mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv wKfv‡e Kg©m~Px wb‡Z cvwi G e¨vcv‡i
KvR Kivi Rb¨ `yÕw`b e¨vcx GB Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ|
GLv‡b myK…wZ evey, AvÂwjK cwil‡`i Kg©KZ©v wKQyY Av‡M e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb Ggb wKQy
¯úk©KvZi welq Avgv‡`i e‡j‡Qb †hUv nqZ Avgv‡`i A‡b‡Ki Rvbv wQj bv| Avgv‡`i Gme
welq¸‡jv Rvbv `iKvi| AwfÁZv †_‡K Avwg †`‡LwQ †h, Dwb e‡j‡Qb Avgv‡`i f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv
wfbœZi mgZj AÂj †_‡K| GLv‡b hviv †nWg¨vb Av‡Qb, Kvev©ix Av‡Qb traditional leaderiv
Av‡Qb Zviv f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ RwoZ| wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡”Q, GB f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_
hviv RwoZ, hviv keymen Zviv A‡b‡KB wKš‘ Avgv‡`i AvBb m¤^‡Ü, Zv‡`i AwaKvi m¤^‡Ü
AeMZ bq| G Kvi‡Y Avgiv Hill Tracts Manual-Gi K_v ewj, f~wg AwaKv‡ii K_v ewj|
wKš‘ hviv f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvi mv‡_ RwoZ Zv‡`iB A‡b‡Ki wKš‘ f~wg m¤ú‡K© ‡Kvb mg¨K aviYv
‡bB|
Avcbviv †ccvi †c‡q‡Qb wbðq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg eb I f~wg AwaKvi msiY Av‡›`vj‡bi
†K›`ªxq KwgwU †_‡K Avgiv Avgv‡`i msMVb Zvi cvkvcvwk AviI K‡qKUv msMVb wg‡j
BwZcy‡e©I wKš‘ †ek K‡qKwU Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡iwQ| GLv‡b hviv †nWg¨vb i‡q‡Qb,
traditional leader Zv‡`imn UsM¨vi c †_‡K Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Avgvi
wek¦vm G‡Z Zv‡`i A‡bK Ávb mg„w× n‡q‡Q Ges Avgv‡`i Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q|
AvR‡K GLv‡b e³e¨ `xN©vwqZ Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB, Avgv‡`i wba©vwiZ †cÖvMÖvg †_‡K Avgiv
LvwbKUv wcwQ‡q AvwQ| Avgiv ïi“ Ki‡Z PvB Ges AvR‡K Avgv‡`i GLv‡b †h mg¯—
†ccvi¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q ev n‡e †hgb- cveZ©¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg welqK f~wg m¤úK©xq
eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ Ges Avw`evmx I ewnivMZ‡`i g‡a¨ f~wg we‡iva wel‡q Avgv‡`i kªx †MŠZg
Kzgvi PvKgv †ccvi Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| Avevi ivRv †`evkxl iv‡qi †jLv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ‡ccvi
GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| Zvici Avgv‡`i eb I f~wg AwaKvi msib Av‡›`vj‡bi c †_‡K
my`Ë weKvk Z½¨v †gŠRv eb I msiwZ eb m¤ú‡K© †ccvi Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb| Ry¤§ kibv_x©
Ges Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ cÖmsMmn PviwU welq GLv‡b Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e| G¸wj cÖ‡Z¨KwU
¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ges ¯úk©KvZi welq Avgv‡`i Rb¨|
Avwg Avkv Ki‡ev, AvR‡K hviv GLv‡b Dcw¯’Z n‡q‡Qb Zviv h_v_©fv‡e Zv‡`i mgv‡Ri, Zv‡`i
msMV‡bi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib Ges GB `yÕw`‡bi Kg©kvjvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Avgiv hv wkL‡ev hv eyS‡Z
cvi‡ev Ges wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡ev Ges wPwýZ K‡i mgvav‡bi Dcvq D¢veb Ki‡Z cvi‡ev I
cieZx©‡Z AviI AviI GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡ev|
Avwg e³e¨ Avi `xN©vwqZ Ki‡ev bv| Avcbv‡`i mevB‡K Avš—wiK ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Avwg †kl
KiwQ Ges cvkvcvwk AvR‡Ki `yÕw`be¨vcx Kg©kvjvi ïf D‡Øvab †NvlYv KiwQ| Avcbv‡`i
A‡bK ab¨ev`|

1| f~wgKv
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g f~wg m¤úwK©Z eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ Ges Avw`evmx I
ewnivMZ‡`i g‡a¨ f~wg we‡iva
‡MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv 1
evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZb 56,977 eM© gvBj ev 147,570 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki
`wY c~e©‡Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi AvqZb 5,089 eM©gvBj ev 13,295 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi|
G AvqZb ‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZ†bi gvÎ 9 kZvsk|
evsjv‡`‡ki 64 wU †Rjvi eZ©gvb RbmsL¨v cÖvq 15 †KvwU| Zb¥‡a¨ 2001 mv‡ji Av`g ïgvixi
cÖv_wgK wnmve Abyhvqx cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi 3 wU cve©Z¨ †Rjvi RbmsL¨v 13 j 25 nvRvi|
D‡j−L¨, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RbmsL¨vi G wnmve mwVK n‡Z cv‡i bv| Abygvb Kiv nq †h 2005
mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RbmsL¨v cÖvq 14 j n‡Z cv‡i|
mviv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b gv_vwcQy Pvl‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvY cÖvq 0.22 GKi| Acic‡ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g
gv_v wcQy Pvl‡hvM¨ f~wgi cwigvY gvÎ 0.14 GKi| D‡j−L¨, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg A‡j 3.1% Rwg
Z_v 124,160 GKi Rwg me ai‡bi Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx| wKQy cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g D`¨vb Pv‡li
Dc‡hvMx f~wgi cwigvY 18,7% ev 755,840 GKi Ges 5.3% ev214,400 GKi cvwb I
emwZ GjvKv| Aewkó 72.9% ev 2943,360 GKi f~wg Lvov cvnvo I ce©Z weavq †Kej eb
Kivi Dc‡hvMx|
‡`‡ki mvaviY f~wg I ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v n‡Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg I ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v m¤ú~Y© c„_K|
¯^vfvweKfv‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wgi †kªYx wefvM I gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ wel‡q miKvix KZ…©c I
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ gZwfbœZv i‡q‡Q| G gZwfbœZv Av‡iv †ekx cwigv‡Y cÖKU
n‡q‡Q miKvix cwiKíbvax‰b 1979-1985 mv‡j ‡`‡ki Acivci AÂj n‡Z ivR‰bwZK
D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖvq 5 (cvuP) j mgZjevmx‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Rwg Rei`Lj K‡i emwZ cÖ`v‡bi
†cÖw‡Z| Av‡iv D‡j−L¨ †h, f~wg mgm¨vmn cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Acivci mgm¨vw` mgvav‡bi j‡¨
1997 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z n‡jI mgZjevmx‡`i ivR‰bwZK Awfevmb I Rwg
Rei Lj A`¨vewa Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| d‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi eZ©gvb f~wg m¤úwK©Z cwiw¯’wZ Ges
Avw`evmx I ewnivMZ ivR‰bwZK Awfevmx‡`i g‡a¨Kvi we‡iva Pig ch©v‡q DcbxZ n‡q‡Q| G
f~wg mgm¨v mgvavb Z_v cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨v mgvavb wel‡q eZ©gv‡b we‡kl GK mwÜY
Pj‡Q|
2| f~wg I ivR¯^ e¨e¯’vi HwZnvwmK cUf~wg
1550 mv‡j cZz©MxR gvbwPÎKi Joa De Barros Gi AvKuv gvbwP‡Î CHACOMA ev PvKgv
iv‡R¨i Ae¯’vb ev mxgvbv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Dˇi †dbx b`x, `w‡Y bv‡gª ev bvd b`x, c~‡e© jymvB
wnjm Ges cwð‡g mgy`ª| cieZx©Kv‡j 1763 mv‡j (1170 gNx m‡bi 6B kªveY) B÷ BwÛqv
†Kv¤úvbxi PÆMÖvg KvDw݇ji cÖ_g cÖavb Kg©KZ©v Mr. Henry Verelst KZ©…K PvKgv ivRvi
kvmbvaxb iv‡R¨i mxgvbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h “The local jurisdiction of Chakma Raja
1 ‡MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv t AvnŸvqK, AvBb, f~wg I ¯’vbxq cwil` welqK KwgwU, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil`|

Shermust Khan is to be all the hills from Pheni river to the Sangu and fron
Nizampur road to the hills of Kuki Raja.”
weªwUk B÷ BwÛqv ‡Kv¤úvbx 1600 mv‡j fvi‡Z AvMgb K‡i| 1757 mv‡j evsjvi beve‡K
civwRZ K‡i ivR¨ R‡qi m~Pbv K‡i| Avf¨š—ixY weev‡`i my‡hv‡M wewfbœ ivR¨ R‡qi gva¨‡g
Kvjµ‡g †ewbqv †_‡K fvi‡Zi kvmb gZvq AwawôZ nq| ‡Kv¤úvbx AwaK…Z ivR¨mg~‡n
†Kv¤úvbxi †kvlb-kvm‡bi wei“‡× Am‡š—vl I Av‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi n‡q D‡V| weªwUk miKvi
1772 mv‡j cvj©v‡g‡›U Ò†i¸‡jwUs G¨v±-1772Ó cvk K‡i fvi‡Zi D³ ivR¨mg~‡ni kvmbfvi
MÖnY K‡i|
cÖvK-weªwUk Avg‡j ÕKvc©vm gnjÕ ev ÕPvuw`Mvs ivR¨Õ PvKgv ivRvi kvmbvaxb wQj| 1787 mv‡j
m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i AvIZvq Zv weªwUk fvi‡Zi Ki` ev‡R¨ cwiYZ nq| D³ Pzw³i g~j welqvw`
wQj wbæiƒc:
1) The East India Company recognised Jan Bakhsh Khan as the Raja of the
Chakmas.
2) It was agreed that the collection of revenue was the responsibility of Raja.
3) The British government would preserve tribal autonomy and migration from
the plains would be restricted.
4) Jan Bakhsh Khan was bound by the treaty to maintain peace in his country.
5) British troops would remain in the Chakma territory not to terrify the Chakmas
but to protect the land from the inroads of the fierce tribes.”
fvi‡Zi MfY©i †Rbv‡ij jW© KY©Iqvwjm 1793 mv‡j bZzb f~wg ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v ÓwPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯—
cÖ_vÓ cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wZwb cÖ_‡g evsjv, wenvi I Ewok¨vq Zv Kvh©Ki K‡ib| G e¨e¯’vax‡b
f~wgi Dci MÖvgevmx‡`i †hŠ_ gvwjKvbv cÖ_vi Aemvb nq| M‡o D‡V e¨w³ gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡|
1858 mv‡j †Kv¤úvbx kvm‡bi wei“‡× mviv fviZ Ry‡o we‡`ªvn nq| weªwUk miKvi †Kv¤úvbx
kvm‡bi cy‡ivcywi Aemvb NwU‡q mgMÖ fvi‡Zi kvmbfvi MÖnY K‡i| AZtci kvmb ms¯‹vi ïi“
K‡i| 1860 mv‡j Ò‡Rjv AvBb-1860Ó cÖYqb K‡i mviv fviZ‡K kZ kZ †Rjvq wef³
K‡i|
D³ †Rjv AvBb Abymi‡Y 1860 mv‡j weªwUk miKvi Pvuw`Mvs ev PÆMÖvg‡K (Bs‡iRx‡Z
Chittagong) `yÕfv‡M wef³ K‡i| mgZj AÂj wb‡q MwVZ GjvKv ÕPÆMÖvg †RjvÕ evsjv
†cÖwm‡WÝxi Aš—f~©³ K‡i| cvnvox GjvKv wb‡q MwVZ ÔPÆMÖv‡gi cve©Z¨ AÂjÕ ev Ôcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
†RjvÕ weªwUk fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii kvmbvax‡b ivLv nq|
1861 mv‡j weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U ÒfviZxq cwil` AvBb 1861Ó(Indian Council Act 1861)
cvk nq| 1870 mv‡j ÒfviZ kvmb AvBb 1870Ó ev Government of India Act (for
Adinistration of the Backward Tracts), 1870 weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U cvm nq| G me AvB‡b
weªwUk fviZ miKvi‡K we‡kl AÂj kvm‡bi Rb¨ wewa ˆZwii gZv †`Iqv nq| G AvB‡b
cÖ`Ë gZv Abyhvqx MfY©i †Rbv‡ij eû weavb cÖeZ©b K‡ib|

weªwUk fviZ miKvi Dcjwã K‡i †h Ò‡Rjv AvBb 1860Ó Abymi‡Y cðv`c` Avw`evmx
Aa~¨wlZ †Rjvmg~n Pj‡Z cvi‡Q bv| AZtci 1874 mv‡j fviZxq AvBbmfv ÒZdwmjf~³
†Rjv AvBb 1874Ó (Scheduled Districts Act, XIV of 1874) cvm K‡i| G AvBb e‡j
we‡kl AÂj¸wj‡K wbw`©ó K‡i GKwU ZvwjKv Kiv nq| D³ Zdwmjf~³ †Rjv AvBb Gi
AvIZvq Acivci wewfbœ †Rjvi mv‡_ cðv`c` I m¤ú~Y© Avw`evmx Aa~¨wlZ AÂj wn‡m‡e
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K GKwU Zdwmjf~³ †Rjvq cwiYZ Kiv nq|
g~jZ: fviZxq cwil` AvBb 1861, fviZ kvmb AvBb 1870 I Zdwjf~³ †Rjv AvBb 1874
Gi wfwˇZ weªwUk miKvi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g Rules for the Territorial Circle in
the CHT 1884 cÖeZ©b K‡i| G Rules e‡j mgMÖ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K PvKgv, †evgvs, gs I
msiwZ ebvqb mv‡K©j wn‡m‡e wef³ Kiv nq| 2 eM© gvB‡ji Kg bq I 10 eM© gvB‡ji †ewk
bq Ggb GjvKv wb‡q †gŠRv MVb Kiv nq Ges LvRbv Av`v‡qi e¨e¯’v ivLv nq|
1900 mv‡j weªwUk fviZ miKvi ÒThe CHT Regulation 1900" (1 of 1900) cÖYqb K‡i|
G kvmbwewa‡Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mvaviY cÖkvmb, f~wg I ivR¯^ Ges wePvi‡Ki gZv ‡Rjv
cÖkvm‡Ki nv‡Z †`Iqv nq| †Rjv cÖkvmK wQ‡jb evsjvi MfY©‡ii cÖwZwbwa Avi MfY©i wQ‡jb
weªwUk fv‡Zi MfY©i †Rbv‡i‡ji cÖwZwbwa| GK K_vq, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg weªwUk fvi‡Zi †K›`ªxh
miKv‡ii kvmbvax‡b kvwmZ nq| Zv KL‡bv evsjvi kvmbvax‡b wQj bv| d‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi
kvmb, wePvi I f~wg ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v evsjvi e¨e¯’vw` n‡Z m¤ú~Y© c„_K wQj| f~wg I ivR¯^
e¨e¯’vcbvi †‡Î HwZn¨evnx cÖwZôvb A_©vr mv‡K©j Pxd I †nWg¨vb‡`i‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv nq|
ZvQvov mgZj A‡j cÖPwjZ †Kvb †Kvb AvBb cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gI cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e, †Kvb †Kvb
AvBb †gv‡UB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv Ges †Kvb †Kvb AvBb wK cwigv‡Y ev KZUzKz cª‡hvR¨ n‡e BZ¨vw`
g‡g© GKwU j¤^v ZdwmjI D³ †i¸‡jk‡b mshy³ K‡i †`Iqv nq|
1919 mv‡j fvi‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ_g GK`dv eo ai‡bi kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹vi Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv nq|
g‡›U¸-‡Pgm‡dvW© ms¯‹vi wi‡cv‡U© gš—e¨ Kiv n‡qwQj †h- ÒAvw`evmx mgv‡R Ggb †Kvb Dcv`vb
†bB hvi Dci †Kvb ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvb `uvo Kivb †h‡Z cv‡i|Ó ZvB Avw`evmx mgvR m¤^‡Ü
B‡Zvc~‡e©Kvi Òwe‡kl kvmbe¨e¯’vi bxwZÓ c~e©er envj ivLvi cÖ¯—ve M„nxZ nq|
1919 mv‡j ÒfviZ kvmb AvBb 1919Ó cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| D³ AvBb e‡j Zdwmjf~³ †Rjv
AvB‡b D‡j−wLZ A‡ji ZvwjKv cybwe©‡ePbv K‡i GKUv bZzb ZvwjKv ˆZwi nq| Gi bvg †`qv
nq AbMÖmi AÂj (Backward Tracts) Gi ZvwjKv| G AbMÖmi A‡ji ZvwjKvq 2bs
µwg‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi bvg wQj| ZvwjKvwU wQj wbæiƒct-
1) jvv ØxccyÄ 2) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg 3) w¯úwZ 4) `vwR©wjs †Rjv 5) jv‡nvj 7) MvÄvg G‡RwÝ
8) wfRvMv cÆg G‡RwÝ 9) †Mv`veix G‡RwÝ 10) †QvU bvMcyi wefvM 11) m¤^jcyi †Rjv 12)
mvIZvj ciMvbv †Rjv 13) Mv‡iv cvnvo †Rjv 14) Lvwm I Rqwš—qv cvnv‡oi weªwUk Ask
(wgDwbwmc¨vwjwU I K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKv ev‡`) 15) wgwKi cvnvo 16) DËi KvQvi cvnvo 17)
bvMv cvnvo 18) jymvB cvnvo 19) muw`qv ewjcvov I jwLgcyi mxgvš— AÂj|
mviv fvi‡Z Av‡iK `dv eo ai‡bi kvmbZvwš¿K ms¯‹vi nq 1935 wLªóv‡ã| wØZxq gnvhy× I
fviZxq‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡›`vjb I `vex AwaKZi †Rvi`vi nIqvi †cÖw‡Z ÒfviZ kvmb AvBb
1935Ó cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| G AvB‡bI Acivci A‡ji mv‡_ cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg‡K Òkvmb ewnf~©Z
GjvKvÓ (Excluded Area) wn‡m‡e ivLv nq|

1947 mv‡j weªwUk cvj©v‡g‡›U Ôfvi‡Zi ¯^vaxbZv AvBb 1947Ó cvk nq| D³ AvBb Abymv‡i
fviZ I cvwK¯—vb wef³ nq| G AvB‡b Avw`evmx‡`i kvmb ewnf~©Z GjvKvmg~‡ni AwaKvi
Azbœ ivLvi weavb wQj| Z`bymv‡i cvwK¯—vb miKvi 1956 mv‡j I 1962 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡bi
kvmbZ‡š¿ Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900Ó I Òc„_K kvwmZ AÂjÓ ev ÒDcRvZxq AÂjÓ Gi
gh©v`v Azbœ iv‡L|
1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq| 1972 mv‡j cÖYxZ kvmbZ‡š¿ c‡ivfv‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
kvmbwewa‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv nq| G cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa Abymv‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg
ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v †`‡ki mgZj A‡ji f~wg ivR¯^ e¨e¯’v n‡Z m¤ú~iƒ‡c c„_K| g~j cvL©K¨¸‡jv
wbæiƒc:
GK. †`‡ki mvaviY AvBb Òf~wg e¨e¯’vcbv g¨vby‡qj 1990Ó Abymv‡i miKvi f~wgi gvwjK|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900 mvjÓ Abyhvqx miKvi msiwZ ebvÂj
(Reserve Forest) Gi gvwjK| †gŠRvaxb mKj f~wgi ‡hŠ_ gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ †gŠRvevmxi|
`yB. †`‡ki mvavibYAvBb Òf~wg e¨e¯’vcbv g¨vby‡qj 1990Ó Abymv‡i e¨w³ gvwjKvbvax‡b
e‡›`ve¯—K…Z f~wg e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ KZ©…K miKvix f~wg e¨envi A‰ea| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g
Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900 mvjÓ Abyhvqx e¨w³ gvwjKvbvax‡b f~wg e‡›`ve¯— cÖ`vb Kiv
hvq| Z‡e e¨w³ gvwjKvbvaxb f~wg e¨ZxZ †gŠRvaxb Ab¨vb¨ f~wg‡Z emevm I Pvlvev`
†gŠRvevmxi Rb¨ ˆea AwaKvi|
wZb. †`‡ki Acivci A‡j f~wg e‡›`ve¯— ev n¯—vš—i cÖwµqv n‡Z cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi e‡›`ve¯— ev
n¯—vš—i cÖwµqv Avjv`v| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g HwZn¨evnx cÖwZôvb- mv‡K©j Pxd I †nWg¨vbMY f~wg I
ivR¯^ e¨e¯’vcbvq m¤ú„³| †`‡ki mvaviY AvB‡b ev e¨e¯’vcbvq Zv †bB|
3| f~wg I f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv cwiw¯’wZ
Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900Ó-Gi 34 b¤^i wewa Abymv‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ‡Kej
DËivwaKvim~‡Î f~wg n¯—vš—i Kivi weavb wQj| G DËivwaKvi m~Î e¨wZ‡i‡K f~wg n¯—vš—‡ii
†‡Î PÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi Kwgkbv‡ii AbygwZ MÖnY eva¨Zvg~jK wQj| ZvÕ Qvov 'Bazar Fund
Rules 1937' Abymv‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g e¨emvqx‡`i Rb¨ nvU-evRvi GjvKvq ¯^í †gqv‡` f~wg
BRviv †`evi weavb wQj|
miKvi cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1979 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewai 34
b¤^i wewa ms‡kvab K‡i A¯’vbxq A-cvnvox‡`i/mgZjevmx evOvjx‡`i e¨vcKnv‡i f~wg e‡›`ve¯—
cÖ`v‡bi ev n¯—vš—‡ii e¨e¯’v K‡i| miKvi 1979-1985 mv‡j miKvix cwiKíbvax‡b 5 (cvuP)
j mgZjevmx‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ¯’vbvš—i K‡i| ‡mbvewnbx I ‡m‡Ujviiv MYnZ¨v, AwMœms‡hvM
I bvbv AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi gva¨‡g Ry¤§‡`i‡K D‡”Q` K‡i Ges f~wg Rei`Lj K‡i| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv I f~wg msµvš— cwiw¯’wZ AZ¨š— RwUj AvKvi aviY K‡i|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨v Z_vKw_Z mgvav‡bi bv‡g miKvi cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi e¨e¯’v
cÖeZ©b K‡i| D³ e¨e¯’vax‡b cÖYxZ cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvB‡b f~wg e‡›`ve¯— ev
n¯—vš—‡ii †‡Î cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i c~ev©by‡gv`b c×wZi e¨e¯’v ivLv nq| G weavb
Kvh©KiKiYv‡_© f~wg gš¿Yvjq 1989 mv‡ji 19†k RyjvB GK cÖÁvcb (XvKv, 4Vv kªveY
1396/19†k RyjvB 1989 bs f~: g:/ kv-9/16/89-581) Rvix K‡i|

miKvi 1989 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa iwnZ Kivi Rb¨ miKvi Ab¨ GKwU AvBb Òcve©Z¨
†Rjvmg~n (AvBb iwnZ I cÖ‡qvM Ges we‡kl weavb) AvBb 1989Ó cÖYqb K‡i| D³ AvBb
Kvh©Ki Kiv n‡j wewfbœ †‡Î mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i we‡ePbvq Zv evh©Ki Kiv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K
Ges miKv‡ii we‡kl Kvh©vw` gš¿Yvjq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa 1900 mvj Kvh©KvwiZvi
wb‡`k©bv (weKv (Kj¨vY)g-7(9)/90(cÖ:)/27, ZvwiL 29/10/90) cÖ`vb K‡i| Z`‡cÖw‡Z
†Rjv cÖkvmKiv f~wg c~e©vby‡gv`b msµvš— cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i gZv A¯^xKvi K‡i|
AZtci 1997 mv‡j cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq| D³ Pzw³i wfwˇZ 1998 mv‡j wZb
cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` (ms‡kvab) AvBb 1998 cÖYxZ nq| G AvB‡b c~‡e©Kvi c~e©vby‡gv`b c×wZ
Ges †Rjv cwil‡`i Kvh©vejxi ZvwjKvq Ôf~wg I f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvÕ Aš—f~©³ nq|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³‡Z cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvB‡bi mv‡_ 1900 mv‡ji cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa
ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡bi AmsMwZ _vK‡j D³ AvBbmg~n ms‡kva‡bi weavb i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ miKvi
A`¨vewa Zv ev¯—evqb K‡i wb|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨v mvgwiK Dcv‡q mgvav‡bi Ab¨Zg Kvh©µg wn‡m‡e miKvix cwiKíbvax‡b
1979-85 mv‡j 5 (cvuP) j mgZjevmx‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ¯’vbvš—i Kiv nq| mvgwiKevwnbx I
mgZjevmx †m‡Ujviiv MYnZ¨v, jyÚb, AwMœ-ms‡hvM BZ¨vw` AZAPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi gva¨‡g
Ry¤§‡`i‡K D‡”Q` K‡i| Zv‡`i bv‡g †iKW©f~³ I `Ljvaxb RvqMv-Rwg †m‡Ujviiv Rei`Lj
K‡i| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg f~wg mgm¨v Pig AvKvi aviY K‡i| D³ f~wg mgm¨v wbim‡bi Rb¨ cve©Z¨
PÆMÖvg Pzw³‡Z GKRb AemicÖvß nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi wePvicwZi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU f~wg Kwgkb
MV‡bi weavb ivLv nq|
2001 mv‡j miKvi Òcve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg f~wg we‡iva wb®úwË Kwgkb AvBb 2001Ó cÖYqb K‡i| D³
AvB‡b Pzw³i mv‡_ we‡ivavZ¥K aviv Aš—f~©³ nq| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` †m me aviv
ms‡kva‡bi mycvwikgvjv †ck K‡i| AvBb gš¿Yvjq AvÂwjK cwil‡`i mv‡_ ˆeVK K‡i
mg‡SvZvq DcbxZ nq Ges 2003 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m †fwUs cÖ`vb K‡i gš¿x cwil‡` †cÖiY
K‡i| D³ AvB‡bi ms‡kvab m¤ú‡K© AvÂwjK cwil‡`i cÖwZwbwa `‡ji mv‡_ ¯’vbxq miKvi
gš¿Yvj‡qi gvbbxq gš¿x Rbve Ave`yj gvbœvb f~uBqvi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ mfvq 2004 mv‡ji
21 †g GwcÖj Zvwi‡L Av‡jvPbv DÌvwcZ nq| wKš‘ Av‡jvPbv mgvß nq wb| D‡j−L¨, miKvi D³
AvBb ms‡kva‡bi mw`”Qv †cvlY Ki‡j Lmov cixv-wbixv K‡i msm‡` f~wg Kwgk‡bi
ms‡kvab AvBb cvk K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ miKvi Zv Kivi m¤¢vebv AvcvZZ †bB ej‡jB
P‡j|
1999 mv‡j f~wg Kwgkb †Pqvig¨vb wb‡qvM K‡i| f~wg Kwgkb AvBb ms‡kvab bv nIqv ch©š—
Kwgkb †Pqvig¨vb KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| f~wg Kwgkb Kvh©Ki bv nIqvq f~wg we‡iva wb®úwË
nqwb| A_P BmjvwgK msMVbmg~‡ni D‡`¨v‡M I miKv‡ii wewfbœ KZ…©c‡i cÖZ¨
c„ó‡cvlKZvq mgZjevmx‡`i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g cÖ‡ek I Rwg Rei`Lj Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
miKvi Aš—e©Z©x cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil`mg~‡ni †Pqvig¨vb I m`m¨c‡` miKvix `‡ji ‡jvK wb‡qvM
K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i Dci miKvix `‡ji A¯’vbxq mgZjevmx †bZv I miKvix cÖkvm‡bi wewfbœ
KZ…©c‡i cÖPÛ Pvc Ae¨vnZ †i‡L †m‡Ujvi‡`i AbyKz‡j f~wg e‡›`ve¯— I n¯—vš—‡ii cÖwµqv
Kvh©KiKi‡Yi cÖ‡Póv i‡q‡Q| cve©Z¨ †Rjvi †Kvb †Kvb Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡qi f~wg Kg©KZ©v I †Rjv

cÖkvmK A¯’vbxq I mgZjevmx nIqvq cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewai gZv AccÖ‡qvM K‡i
mgZjevmx ‡m‡Ujvi‡`i AbyKz‡j f~wg n¯—vš—‡ii KvR K‡i _v‡K|
Acic‡ wewfbœ miKvix KZ…©c‡i cÖZ¨ mnvqZvq †Kvb f~wg †Kvb †m‡Ujvi Rei`Lj Ki‡j
Zvi †Kvb wePviB Av`vjZ nv‡Z †bq bv ev wb®úwË K‡i bv| ˆea †iKW©f~³ f~wgi wel‡q †Kvb
gvgjv Av`vj‡Z Kiv n‡j Zv eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i Pj‡Z _v‡K| me©wbæ Dc‡Rjv Av`vjZ n‡Z
µgvš^‡q †Rjv Av`vjZ, wefv‡Mi †mmb Av`vjZ Ges mycÖxg †Kv‡U© wM‡q ‡cuŠ‡Q| †Kvb Av`vjZ
f~wgi cÖK…Z gvwj‡Ki AbyKz‡j ivq w`‡j f~wg Rei `Lj`vi‡K D‡”Q‡`i Rb¨ cybivq Dc‡Rjv
Av`vj‡Z gvgjv `v‡qi Ki‡Z nq| D³ D‡”Q` gvgjv bZzb K‡i wbæZi Av`vjZ n‡Z Da©Zg
Av`vjZ ch©š— Movq| G ai‡bi gvgjv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖPzi A‡_©i `iKvi n‡q _v‡K| ZvB
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wb‡q Ry¤§‡`i‡K DrLvZ Kivi I f~wg KzwMZ Kivi cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZ I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AvÂwjK cwil` cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i f~wg I
f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv Ges c~e©vby‡gv`b c×wZ Abymi‡Yi Rb¨ Ae¨vnZfv‡e miKv‡ii wbKU `vex Zz‡j
a‡i| cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i c n‡ZI G wel‡q miKv‡ii wbKU †Rviv‡jv `vex i‡q‡Q|
G †cÖw‡Z †Rjv cÖkvmKMY eZ©gv‡b f~wg n¯—vš—‡ii †‡Î cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b
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Z‡e G wel‡q Awbqg we`¨gvb|
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e¨e¯’vcbvÓ n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z gZvgZ w`‡q‡Q|

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cwil‡`i AvIZvaxb| myZivs cve©Z¨ †Rjvi f~wg cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i ˆea gvwjKvbvaxb|
miKvix ev †emiKvixi ms¯’vi bv‡g †Kvb f~wg AwaMÖnY K‡i †iKW©f~³ Ki‡Z n‡j cve©Z¨ †Rjv
cwil`‡K g~j¨/`vg w`‡Z n‡e| Avi evRvi dvÛ GjvKvaxb f~wg †Kej BRviv †`Iqv hv‡e
wba©vwiZ AvBb I g~j¨ wb‡q|
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• Ry¤§‡`i `Ljvaxb f~wg †e`Lj
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• Ry¤§‡`i `Ljvaxb f~wg †e`Lj Ges `wjj ˆZix
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myavwmÜz Lxmv
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• cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi f~wg I f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv - kªx †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv|

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cÖ‡kœvËi ce© I gy³ Av‡jvPbv
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H cwil‡`iB gyL¨ wbe©vnx Kg©KZ©v myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg eb I f~wg AwaKvi
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KL‡bv UvKv †dir w`‡Z cvi‡e bv e‡j Rwg¸‡jv †m‡Ujvi‡`i nv‡Z P‡j hv‡”Q|
G cÖm‡½ evey myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv e‡jb, we‡µZvi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †iwR‡÷ªkb n‡j GUv †eAvBbx|
evsjv‡`‡k my` e¨emvI †eAvBbx|
UzKz ZvjyK`vi cÖkœ K‡ib, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvB‡b f~wg cÖweavbgvjv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡i
wKbv?
Rev‡e †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` cÖweavb cÖYqb I cÖÁvcY Rvwi Ki‡Z
cv‡i| evey myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv e‡jb, wewa I cÖweavb Gme welqmg~n †Lvjvmv Kiv DwPr| wewa
miKv‡ii cÖkvmb D‡`¨vM †bq| wewai Aax‡b cÖweavb Zv wKš‘ bq| Avgv‡`i cve©Z¨ †Rjv
cwil`, AvÂwjK cwil‡`i AvBb¸‡jv‡Z wewa I cÖweavb m¤ú‡K© ejv Av‡Q| wewa I cÖweavb
Kivi gZv mswk−ó cÖkvm‡bi i‡q‡Q|
UzKz ZvjyK`vi Av‡iv e‡jb, †Kb GZw`b a‡i ‡Rjv cwil` I AvÂwjK cwil`mg~n wewa I
cÖweavb¸‡jv Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv?
G mgq ivsjvB ‡gªv cÖkœ K‡ib, ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` m„wó n‡q‡Q 1989 mv‡j| AvB‡b †jLv
Av‡Q †h, jxR ev ûKzg `Lj Kiv hv‡e bv| ZviciI ev›`ievb †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki ûKz‡g f~wg `Lj
†`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡‡Î †Kvb AvBbMZ e¨e¯’v †bqv hv‡e wKbv?
‡MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, 1991 mv‡ji c×wZ AbymiY bv K‡i hw` ûKzg `Lj †`qv n‡q _v‡K
Zvn‡j Zv evwZj‡hvM¨| Gi wei“‡× gvgjv Kiv hv‡e Ges Bnv cÖwZKvi cvIqvi †hvM¨|
Gici my`Ë weKvk Z½¨v, mvaviY m¤úv`K, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg eb I f~wg AwaKvi msiY
Av‡›`vjb e‡jb, Avwg jvU m¤úwË msµvš— GKUz †hvM Ki‡ev| GUv n‡”Q g~jZt mvZKvwbqvi
cvkvcvwk GjvKv ev›`iev‡bi 48bs Iqv‡W©i g‡a¨ `yB nvRvi mvZkZ GKi RvqMv ivbx
wf‡±vwiqv Avg‡j Dbviv wb®‹i RvqMv wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ‡jb| wZb Pvi eQi c~‡e© ev›`iev‡bi wewkó
e¨w³iv f~wg wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui mv‡_ gvgjv K‡i| †h‡nZz cÖv_x© wQ‡jb bv, GB mg‡q wewkó e¨w³ exi
evnv`yi evey, †Rix evey Ges Dbv‡`i `jxq ¯—‡ii mevB‡K m`m¨ K‡i GKwU mwgwZ K‡ib| GB
mwgwZi gva¨‡g jvU m¤úwˇK Dbviv ZLb wb‡R‡`i m¤úwˇZ cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb| Gic‡i wWwmi
mnvqZv wb‡q‡Qb| wWwm e‡jwQ‡jb †h, me©‡kl GKUv my‡hvM Av‡Q Ges †mUv n‡”Q †h, Avcbviv

hw` mwgwZ‡K n¯—vš—i K‡ib Zvn‡j G‡Z Avcbviv ¯^Z¡Uv †ekx †c‡q hv‡eb| wKš‘ †h RvqMvi
g‡a¨ †ek K‡qKUv cwievi, K‡qKUv †gªv MÖvg Av‡Q hviv G m¤ú‡K© wKQyB Rv‡b bv Ges Zviv
D‡”Q` AvksKvq f~M‡Qb cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b| GB n‡”Q welqUv|
Av‡iKUv e¨vcvi n‡”Q †h, cÖeÜ Dc¯’vcK m¤§vwbZ AvÂwjK cwil` m`‡m¨i Kv‡Q Avwg Rvb‡Z
Pvw”Q †h, Dwb ej‡Qb †h- f~wg we‡iva mgvav‡bi j‡¨ f~wg we‡iva wb®úwË Kwgkb n‡q‡Q,
AvBb n‡q‡Q Z‡e †m AvBb ms‡kvab Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †mUv ms‡kvab bv Ki‡j f~wg mgvm¨vUv
mgvavb n‡e bv| Avgvi cÖkœUv n‡”Q, GUv ms‡kvab Ki‡jI f~wg mgm¨vUv cy‡ivcywi mgvavb n‡e
wKbv?
Pzw³‡Z D‡j−L Av‡Q †Kvb †Kvb welq Pzw³i Gw³qv‡i bvB| GLv‡b g~jZt Pzw³i Kvi‡Y f~wg
Kwgkb n‡q‡Q| GUv Pzw³i dmj| †Kvb †Kvb welq Pzw³i Gw³qv‡i bvB †mUv n‡”Q miKvix
m¤úwË, f~-DcMÖn †K‡›`ªi gZb miKvix m¤úwË Ges wiRvf© d‡i÷¸‡jv| Zvn‡j Õ97 mv‡ji
Pzw³i c~‡e© †h mg¯— f~wg eb wefv‡Mi gva¨‡g wiRvf© d‡i÷ †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ cÖvq
`yB j AvUvi nvRvi GKi RvqMvi g‡a¨ A‡a©‡Ki gZb RvqMvi †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡q
†M‡Q, †m¸‡jvi Ae¯’v wK `vuov‡e? GB f~wg Kwgk‡bi AvIZvq G¸‡jv mgvav‡bi †Kvb e¨e¯’v
Av‡Q wKbv? KviY f~wg Kwgk‡b miKv‡ii †Kvb wefv‡Mi mv‡_ ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi f~wg we‡iv‡ai
gxgvsmvi †Kvb e¨e¯’v GLv‡b bvB| GUv Avgvi GKUv cÖkœ|
wØZxqZt Avgvi GKUv cÖ¯—ve n‡jv- †h‡nZz AvÂwjK cwil` †_‡K f~wg Kwgk‡bi wewfbœ
mycvwikgvjv cvwV‡q‡Qb| Avgvi cÖ¯—ve n‡”Q †h, Dbv‡`i GB `vex‡K AviI †Rviv‡jv Kivi Rb¨
mgv‡Ri wewfbœ ¯—‡ii we‡kl K‡i mgv‡Ri MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© hviv G mg¯— welq wb‡q KvR
K‡ib, wK wK mycvwik n‡q‡Q, miKvi Av‡`Š G¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Avš—wiK wKbv, f~wg Kwgk‡b wK
wK welq Av‡Q G¸‡jv hw` GB ai‡bi IqvK©m‡ci gva¨‡g ‡nvK ev †mwgbv‡ii gva¨‡g †nvK
fvjfv‡e ÁvZ Kiv‡bv hvq Zvn‡j Avgvi g‡b nq GLvb †_‡K GKUv kw³ Avm‡e| g~jZt GUv
n‡jv ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ GKUv Pvc m„wó Kiv| KviY †h †Kvb wKQy Ki‡Z †M‡j †hUv nqZ `yÕGK
R‡bi c‡ m¤¢e bq| †mLv‡b hw` e¨vcK msL¨K RbMY Svuwc‡q c‡ob, mv‡cvU© †`b Zvn‡j
†mUv GKUv kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| GUvB Avgvi cÖ¯—ve| Avi d‡ió wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui mv‡_ ¯’vbxq
RbM‡Yi †h we‡iva †mUv wKfv‡e gxgvsmv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i?
cÖZy¨Ë‡i †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, ab¨ev` Avcbv‡K| Avcwb Pzw³‡Z †Kvb †Kvb RvqMv-Rwg
Kwgk‡b Aš—f©~³ n‡e bv Zvi GKUv †idv‡iÝ w`‡q‡Qb| Avgvi g‡b nq welqUv cy‡ivcywi mwVK
bq| f~wg Kwgk‡b †Kvb †Kvb GjvKv Aš—f©~³ n‡e bv GUv wKš‘ Pzw³‡Z D‡j−L †bB| Avcwb †hUv
e‡j‡Qb ‡mUv n‡jv, cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i f~wgi c~e©vby‡gv`‡bi †‡Î †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvi R‡b¨
GB c~e©vby‡gv`b jvM‡e bv Zvi GKUv weavb Av‡Q 64 b¤^i avivq| H avivq Av‡Q Gfv‡e- Ab¨
†Kvb AvB‡b hv wKQy _vKzK bv †Kb, cve©Z¨ †Rjvi Aaxb RvqMv Rwg e‡›`ve¯— n¯—vš—‡ii Rb¨
cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b jvM‡e; Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, msiwZ ebvÂj A_v©r †hUv
wiRvf© d‡i÷, (GB msiwZ ebvÂj Uvg©Uv wKš‘ GKUz we‡ivavZ¥K Av‡Q| eb AvBb Abymv‡i
msiwZ ebvÂj ej‡Z reserve forest Avi cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvBb¸‡jv‡Z msiwZ k‡ãi
A_© n‡jv protected forest †mRb¨ H reserve forest kãUv ej‡Z nq|) A_v©r GK. GB
reserve forest-Gi †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv; `yB. KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r cÖKí GjvKvi †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨
n‡e bv; wZb. †eZeywbqv f~-DcMÖn †K‡›`ªi †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv Ges Pvi. miKv‡ii †iKW©f~³

RvqMv-Rwgi †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv A_v©r miKv‡ii bv‡g †h¸‡jv †iKW©f~³ Av‡Q G¸‡jvi
†‡Î c~e©vby‡gv`b n‡e bv, G¸‡jv n‡jv c~e©vby‡gv`b m¤úKx©Z weavb|
wKš‘ cve©Z¨ †Rjvi AvIZvax‡b f~wg Ges f~wg e¨e¯’vcbv welqUv †h‡nZz cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil‡`i;
myZivs e‡›`ve¯— n¯—vš—i cÖwµqvq hLb GB AvBbwU Kvh©Ki n‡e ZLb KvßvB ev‡uai R‡jfvmv
(fringe land) GjvKvi RvqMv Rwg e‡›`ve¯—x n‡e †mLv‡bI wKš‘ GB †Rjv cwil`B e‡›`ve¯—x
†`‡e| Zvn‡j `y‡Uv welq, GKUv n‡jv c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqv; Av‡iKUv n‡jv Aby‡gv`‡bi ci
e‡›`ve¯— ev n¯—vš—i cÖwµqv| c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvq nqZ KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r cÖKí GjvKvi †‡Î
cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv; wKš‘ Aby‡gv`‡bi ci e‡›`ve¯—x I n¯—vš—‡ii †‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e|
Avi f~wg Kwgkb AvB‡bi †‡Î Av‡Q †h- f~wg Kwgk‡bi Gw³qvi wK n‡e| Pzw³‡Z Av‡Q,
cybe©vwmZ kiYv_x©mn Ab¨vb¨ hv‡`i RvqMv-Rwg †e`Lj n‡q‡Q †mmg¯— †e`Lj nIqv RvqMv-
Rwgi †‡Î f~wg Kwgkb we‡iva wb®úwË Ki‡e| Avi we‡klfv‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, KvßvB
n«‡`i R‡jfvmv Rwgi †‡Î GB Kwgk‡bi Gw³qvi Kvh©Ki n‡e| Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q, GKUv
n‡jv †hLv‡b †hLv‡b f~wg we‡iva Av‡Q me‡‡Î GB f~wg Kwgkb KvR Ki‡e| Avi we‡klfv‡e
D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r cÖKí GjvKv hv 1958 mv‡ji AvB‡bi †cÖw‡Z miKv‡ii
Rwg n‡q‡Q e‡j GKUv aviYv Av‡Q miKvix KZ…©c‡i Kv‡Q- GUvI Kwgkb AvIZvq g‡a¨ Aš—
f~©³ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ‡Kvb weZK© nIqvi m¤¢vebv †bB|
Avi 2001 mv‡j f~wg Kwgkb AvBb cÖYqbKv‡j f~wgi c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvq †hme †Î¸‡jv
_vK‡e bv †m †Î¸‡jv GLv‡b Ry‡o †`qv n‡qwQj| f~wg Kwgkb †Kvb †Kvb ‡‡Î KvR Ki‡Z
cvi‡e Avi †Kvb †Kvb ‡‡Î KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv Zv wb‡q wKš‘ Lye weev` nq miKv‡ii mv‡_
Avgv‡`i| †kl ch©š— 2003 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix gv‡mi 21 Zvwi‡L hLb wgwUs nq †m wgwUs-G Avwg
wb‡R GKRb cÖwZwbwa `j wb‡q wM‡qwQjvg †mLv‡b clarify K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q †h, GUv cve©Z¨
†Rjv cwil‡`i f~wg n¯—vš—‡ii c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvi mv‡_ RwoZ| GUvi m‡½ GB f~wg Kwgkb
AvB‡bi †Kvb m¤c„³Zv †bB| myZivs †mUv GLv‡b (f~wg Kwgkb AvB‡b) Avbv Aevš—i| GUv
cwi®‹vi K‡i †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ges Pzw³i aviv¸‡jv fvjfv‡e †`wL‡q w`‡q eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h,
fringe land-Gi †‡ÎI Kwgkb we‡iva wb®úwË Ki‡e Ges †hLv‡b †hLv‡b we‡iva Av‡Q
†m¸‡jv wb‡qB GB f~wg Kwgkb KvR Ki‡e|
G‡‡Î eb GjvKv hw` AwaM„nxZ n‡q _v‡K, GB wb‡q hw` mgvm¨v D¢e n‡q _v‡K †m¸‡jv‡Z
f~wg Kwgkb †h‡Z cvi‡e bv wKbv Zv wbwðZ K‡i Avwg Rvwb bv| Z‡e †h‡Z cvi‡e bv GUv wKš‘
†mLv‡b Aš—f~©³ nqwb| myZivs Gw`K w`‡q wKš‘ Avwg ej‡Z cvwi †h, AvÂwjK cwil‡`i
mycvwikgvjv AvBb gš¿Yvjq ev cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq †hfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q ‡mfv‡e hw`
AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯’vq ms‡kvabxUvmn f~wg Kwgkb AvBb Avevi msm‡` cybi“ÌvwcZ K‡i cvk Kiv
nq Zvn‡j Avgvi g‡b nq †mB AmyweavUv _vK‡e bv|
wKš‘ Avgiv M¨vivw›U w`‡Z cvwi bv †h, miKvi †kl ch©š— †mUv ms‡kvab Ki‡eb wKbv| KviY
cÖ_‡g †mUv msm‡` DÌvwcZ n‡e, msm‡` msm` m`m¨iv bvbv e³e¨ Zz‡j ai‡eb, msm` †_‡K
¯’vqx KwgwU‡Z †h‡Z cv‡i, ¯’vqx KwgwU‡ZI bvbv mycvwik Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i| ZvB AvÂwjK
cwil‡`i mycvwikgvjv Abymv‡i f~wg Kwgkb AvBb ms‡kvwaZ n‡e wKbv Zvi wbðqZv ‡`qv
KwVb| ab¨ev`|
my`Ë weKvk Z½¨v Av‡iv e‡jb, wRwbmUv Avgvi GLbI cwi®‹vi n‡”Q bv GB Kvi‡Y †h, Pzw³i
cÖ_g w`‡K †h †h wel‡qi Dci Pzw³i aviv¸‡jv affect n‡e bv Zv ¯úó D‡j−L Av‡Q| †mLv‡b

msiwZ eb, †eZeywbqv f~-DcMÖn †K›`ª, KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r cÖKí GjvKv BZ¨vw` specifically
D‡j−L Av‡Q| GB m~Î a‡i Zviv ej‡Qb †h, G¸‡jv †h‡nZz Pzw³i c~‡e© †m‡nZz G¸‡jv Pzw³i
evB‡i| GB f~wg wb‡q gvgjv n‡q‡Q, †hgb iv‡R¯’jx‡Z wiRvf© d‡i÷ †NvlYvi wii“‡× 70wU
gvgjv n‡q‡Q, nv&B‡Kv‡U©I GKUv wiU gvgjv n‡q‡Q| ZvB Avgvi cÖkœ n‡”Q †h, †h‡nZz Pzw³wU
n‡”Q g~j wRwbm A_v©r GB Pzw³i †cÖw‡Z f~wg Kwgkb| f~wg Kwgkb wKš‘ Pzw³‡K wWw½‡q †h‡Z
cvi‡e bv| †m Kvi‡Y Avwg welqUv Rvb‡Z Pvw”Q †h, †h wiRvf© d‡i÷¸‡jv †NvwlZ n‡q †M‡Q
‡h¸‡jv‡Z Avgv‡`i wewfbœ R‡bi Rwg Av‡Q, nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki Rwg Av‡Q †mB Rwg¸‡jv
wb®úwËi Gw³qvi f~wg Kwgk‡bi Av‡Q wKbv? ab¨ev`|
G cÖm‡½ †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, GLv‡b Avcwb Avm‡j `y‡Uv welq ej‡jb| GKUv n‡jv f~wg
e‡›`ve¯— ev n¯—vš—‡ii †‡Î, RvqMv-Rwg AwaMÖn‡Yi †‡Î c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvq †Rjv cwil‡`i
KvQ ‡_‡K wb‡Z cv‡i| Av‡iKUv n‡”Q f~wg Kwgkb AvB‡bi f~wg we‡iva wb®úwËi †‡Î|
GLv‡b hw` AvBbUv _vK‡Zv Zvn‡j c‡o †kvbv‡Z cviZvg| f~wg Kwgkb AvB‡b †jLv Av‡Q †h,
cybe©vwmZ kiYv_x©mn Ab¨vb¨ †h mKj RvqMv-Rwgi †‡Î we‡iva i‡q‡Q, (hw`I †mLv‡b
†m‡Ujvi kãwUi D‡j−L bvB) †m mg¯— RvqMv-Rwgi we‡iva f~wg Kwgkb wb®úwË Ki‡e| Avi
mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡j−L Av‡Q, KvßvB n«‡`i R‡jfvmv Rwgi †‡ÎI Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| 1958 mv‡j
AwaMÖnY nIqvi c‡i GB wb‡q miKvix KZ…©c‡i GKUv wfbœgZ Av‡Q; hv‡Z †mB wfbœgZUv
GLv‡b Kvh©Ki n‡Z bv cv‡i †mRb¨ HUv ¯úófv‡e D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi wfwˇZ f~wg
Kwgkb AvBb cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
†mLv‡b c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvq †hme †Î¸‡jv _vK‡e bv †mme †Î¸‡jvi †idv‡iÝ w`‡q H
f~wg Kwgkb KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j wj‡L‡Q| Avgiv †`wL‡q w`‡qwQ, GUv wQj f~wg e¨e¯’vcbvi
†‡Î c~e©vby‡gv`b cÖwµqvi Rb¨ m¤c„³, Avi HUv †Kb f~wg Kwgkb AvB‡bi †ejvq Avbv n‡e|
f~wg Kwgkb AvBb nIqvi †‡Î Kvi †Î wK n‡e Zv my¯úófv‡e †jLv Av‡Q| GUv ejvi c‡i
AvÂwjK cwil‡`i mycvwikgvjv Abymv‡i miKvi ms‡kvabx Avb‡Z m¤§Z n‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ GLb
AvBbUv ms‡kvabxi A‡cvq Av‡Q|
Gmgq myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv e‡jb, eb AvBb 1927 Abyhvqx Pzw³ nIqvi Av‡M †ek wKQy GjvKv
wiRvf© d‡i÷ wW‡K¬qvi Kiv n‡q‡Q ev wW‡K¬qv‡ii GKUv ch©v‡q Av‡Q| wKQy †M‡RU
†bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡q‡Q, wKQy nqwb hv cÖwµqvaxb i‡q‡Q| Avwg hZUzKz Rvwb, AvB‡b †M‡RU
†bvwUwd‡Kkb bv nIqv ch©š— †mUv wiRvf© d‡i÷ nq bv| †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kk‡bi wewfbœ c×wZ
Av‡Q, avivUv Avgvi wVK g‡b †bB, 9 wK 11 n‡e| ‡hgb 20 aviv Abymv‡i GjvKvi †jvKRb‡K
Rvbv‡Z n‡e, Zv‡`i wnqvwis-Gi my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e, Gme KZ¸‡jv c×wZ Av‡Q| Lye m¤¢eZ GUv
d‡ió Awdmvi wn‡m‡e GwWwm †iwfwbD ev wWwm mv‡ne wnqvwis K‡ib| H c×wZ¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e
n‡q‡Q wKbv GUv Avcbviv †`L‡Z cv‡ib|
Avwg hZUzKz Rvwb, during insurgency period Zviv GB c×wZ¸‡jv gv‡b bvB| bv †g‡bB
wiRvf© d‡i÷ wW‡K¬qvi K‡i‡Qb- G¸‡jv hw` †Kv‡U© †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib Avgvi g‡b nq d‡i÷
wW‡K¬qvi Kivi whole procedure-UvB evwZj n‡q hv‡e; ‡mUv †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡jI|
KviY these procedures were not followed| KviY hv‡`i Rwg miKvi wb‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i
e³e¨ †kvbvi ev ejvi my‡hvM †`bwb, GUv n‡jv AvB‡bi eo GKUv w`K| hvi wei“‡× Avcwb
wm×vš—Uv wb‡eb Zv‡K hw` wKQy ejvi AwaKvi bv †`b, Zv‡K e³e¨ †ck Kivi AwaKvi bv †`b
Zvn‡j †mB wm×vš—Uv Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i bv|

Av‡iKUv welq n‡jv- 1927 mv‡ji eb AvBb| †mUv n‡jv general law| GB general law
mgMÖ †`‡kB cÖ‡hvR¨| Avi Avgv‡`i GLv‡b †h AvBb¸‡jv Av‡Q we‡kl K‡i Hill District
Council Act, Zvici f~wg Kwgkb AvBb G¸‡jv n‡jv special law; we‡kl mxwgZ GjvKvq
hvi Kvh©KvwiZv| AvB‡bi mvaviY bxwZ n‡jv †h, where there is a diference between
general law and special law, the special law will prevail over the general law|
GUv n‡jv AvB‡bi mvaviY wbqg| †hgb CHT Regulation-I wKš‘ special law|
Ai“b jvB‡eªm cÖkœ K‡ib, ¯^vaxbZvi 30 eQi ciI Avmj gyw³‡hv×v‡`i †LvuRv n‡”Q, wj÷ Kiv
n‡”Q| †mLv‡bI wKš‘ Avgiv ev` cowQ| Avgiv miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †h wRwbm¸‡jv `vex KiwQ
†m¸‡jv KZUzKz Kvh©Kix n‡e †mUv wb‡q Avgvi h‡_ó m‡›`n Av‡Q| f~wg †_‡K hviv D‡”Q`
n‡q‡Qb, wZMÖ¯— n‡q‡Qb GB Kg©kvjv Zv‡`i KZUzKz DcKv‡i Avm‡e Avwg wVK ej‡Z cviwQ
bv|
A‡bK Av‡M f~wg wel‡q GKUv IqvK©kc n‡q‡Q| GKwU we‡`kx ms¯’v Avgv‡`i UvKv w`‡qwQj|
†m UvKv w`‡q Avgiv IqvK©kc K‡iwQ| d¨v‡bi evZv‡m fvj †L‡qwQ, Zvici evmvq P‡j
wM‡qwQ| wKš‘ KZUzKz DcKvi n‡q‡Q? f~wg mgm¨v¸‡jv wbimb bv n‡q Av‡iv RwUjZi n‡q‡Q|
†MŠZg evey f~wg we‡iv‡ai gvgjvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| wKš‘ f~wg we‡iv‡ai gvgjvi LiP Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨
A‡bK UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Avwg ej‡Z PvB †h, AvR‡K IqvK©kc-G †h UvKvUv Avgiv AcPq
KiwQ ‡mB UvKvUv hw` I‡`i Rb¨ e¨q KiZvg Zvn‡j A‡bK DcKvi n‡Zv|
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bv| Avgiv ‡Kgb K‡i gv‡V bvg‡ev Ges †Kgb K‡i f~wg cybi“×vi Ki‡ev GUvB n‡”Q Avmj
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Avgv‡`i Gfv‡e emvi `iKvi Av‡Q| Avcwb ej‡jb, mgm¨v wKfv‡e mgvavb Kiv hvq; †mUv
Ki‡Z †M‡j ‡Zv Avgv‡`i mgwš^Zfv‡e em‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b RbcÖwZwbwaiv Av‡Qb, wewfbœ
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wewfbœ †mKkb †_‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Qb; Avgv‡`i mevi mgš^q hw` bv _v‡K Zvn‡j Avgiv
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Avgv‡`i mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póv _vKv `iKvi| †mB mgwš^Z cÖ‡Póvi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i emv `iKvi| Avi
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v‡g †iKW©f~³ f~wgi †‡Î GB weavb cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bvÓ| GUv GKUz cwi®‹vi nIqvi `iKvi
Av‡Q GB Rb¨ †h, Avgiv AvksKv KiwQ, †h¸‡jv BwZg‡a¨ wiRvf© d‡ió †NvlYv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges
†h¸‡jvi †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡q †M‡Q †mmg¯— f~wg¸‡jvi †‡Î f~wg Kwgkb wKfv‡e KvR
Ki‡e GUvB wQj Dbvi cÖkœ|
myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv e‡jb, Avwg ‡Zv cÖ_‡gB e‡jwQ †h, GUv mvaviY AvBb (general law) Ges
we‡kl AvBb (special law)-Gi g‡a¨ GKUv msNl©| Avgv‡`i g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, cve©Z¨ †Rjv
cwil` AvBb n‡jv we‡kl AvBb (special law)| Avi 1927 mv‡ji eb AvBb n‡jv mvaviY
AvBb (general law)| GLv‡b ejv Av‡Q †h, †mLv‡b hw` msNl© †`Lv †`q Zvn‡j special
law-UvB prevail Ki‡e ev wV‡K hv‡e| Avgvi g‡b nq G e¨vcv‡i Avcbvi aviYvUv cwi®‹vi
n‡q‡Q| Avi Avcwb †hUv e‡j‡Qb wiRvf© d‡ió¸‡jvi †bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡q †M‡Q, Z‡e Avgvi g‡b
nq G¸‡jvi †bvwUwd‡Kkb n‡q †M‡jI †mLv‡b c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq bvB|
Gme wel‡q Z`‡š—i Rb¨ Avwg ‡ek KZ¸‡jv GjvKvq wM‡qwQ| ivR¯’jx‡ZI wM‡qwQ Ges
†mLvbKvi Z_¨ wb‡qwQ| iv‡R¯’jx‡Z m‡iRwg‡b wM‡q †`‡LwQ †h, eb AvB‡bi †h we‡kl
weavb¸‡jv Av‡Q †mLv‡b †m¸‡jv gvbv nqwb| H A‡ji ‡jvK‡`i‡K †bvwUk †`qv nq bvB Ges
Zv‡`i †Kvb e³e¨I †bqv nq bvB| Gfv‡e GKUv m¤ú~Y© †gŠRv wiRvf© d‡ió n‡q †M‡jv|
Zvn‡j GLv‡b cÖkœ Avm‡Q †h, †gŠRv KLb nq? eb-R½j wb‡q ‡Zv Avi †gŠRv nq bv| †gŠRvi
GKUv msÁv Av‡Q †hLv‡b †jvKRb _vK‡e| Zvn‡j †hLv‡b GKUv †jv‡KiI wnqvwis †bIqv n‡jv
bv, Zv‡`i †Kvb e³e¨ †kvbv n‡jv bv, †mUv wKfv‡e ivZvivwZ wiRvf© d‡ió n‡q hvq? Zvn‡j
AvB‡b GB wnqvwis-Gi e¨e¯’v ivLv n‡q‡Q †Kb? R½‡ji MvQ-evu‡ki e³e¨ †bqvi Rb¨ bvwK
cïcvwLi K_v †kvbvi Rb¨? weªwUkiv GB wbqg¸‡jv †i‡L‡Q †Kb? G¸‡jv ivLv n‡q‡Q mswk−ó
GjvKvi †jvKR‡bi K_v †kvbvi Rb¨|
dvBj¸‡jv‡Z Avwg †`‡LwQ Zv‡`i †Kvb e³e¨B †bqv nq bvB| Zvi cwie‡Z© †h Z_¨Uv cvIqv
†M‡jv †mUv n‡jv †m¸‡jv Bbmvi‡RÝx GjvKv, †mLv‡b Avgiv †h‡Z cvwi bv Ges †Kvb †jvKRb
bvB| fvj K_v, †mLv‡b †bvwUk cÖ`vbI Kiv n‡jv bv ‡Kb? Zvn‡j †mLv‡b we¯—xY© GKUv †gŠRv
wiRvf© d‡ió n‡q hvq wKfv‡e?
‡MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, eb wefv‡Mi f~wg AwaMÖnY wel‡q Avwg GKUz †hvM Kwi| 2003
mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi 30 Zvwi‡L mvgvwRK ebvqb wel‡q eb gš¿x g‡nv`‡qi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU
ˆeVK nq, †m ˆeV‡K we‡kl K‡i pulpwood wel‡q K_v nq| GK ch©v‡q †mLv‡b cy‡iv GKUv
†gŠRv †e`Lj ev AwaMÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q GK_vUv D‡V Av‡m| GK_v¸‡jv DVvi cwi‡cÖw‡Z eb
wefv‡Mi c †_‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, bv G¸‡jv mwVK bq| Avgiv e‡jwQ G¸‡jv mwVK| †mLv‡b
†nWg¨vbmn mK‡j DrLvZ n‡q‡Q| GLb cÖkœ n‡jv, c×wZMZfv‡e n‡j †nWg¨vbmn wKfv‡e
DrLvZ n‡q hvq? ZLb ebgš¿x eb wefv‡Mi †jvK‡`i‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, mgZj GjvKv n‡j
Avcbviv wK GUv Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb?
GUv †`Lvi Rb¨ c‡i GKUv KwgwU MVb K‡i H KwgwU‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
welqK gš¿Yvj‡qi mwPe bvggvÎ GKUv KwgwU K‡i AvÂwjK cwil`‡K wPwV w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gi
wecix‡Z Avgiv gZvgZ w`‡qwQ Ges AvÂwjK cwil‡`i c †_‡K D‡`¨vM wb‡q AvÂwjK
cwil‡`i m`m¨ mvayivg wÎcyiv‡K welqwU Z`š— Kivi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| Z`š— K‡i wZwb
wi‡cvU©I w`‡q‡Qb| Z`‡š—i wi‡cvU© cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvj‡qI †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq hw` mej n‡Zv A_ev eb gš¿Yvjq hw` mwVK n‡Zv Zvn‡j GZ‡Y

cÖkvmwbK c`‡‡cB Zv evwZj n‡q †h‡Zv| KviY G¸‡jv c×wZ ewnf~©Zfv‡e Ges
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Avjv`v GKUv ms¯’v `iKvi| Avi G‡‡Î j j †KvwU †KvwU UvKv bv n‡jI Aš—Z nvRvi
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Gme †dir †bqv hv‡e bv| MYZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vq AvBbMZ c×wZ‡Z GMy‡jv
Ki‡Z n‡e| ab¨ev`|
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Gw³qvi Av‡Q wKbv? myK…wZ iÄb PvKgv Av‡iv e‡jb, 1927 mv‡ji eb AvBb n‡jv general
law| hv‡`i Rwg AwaMÖnY n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i wnqvwis n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e| hw` bv n‡q
_v‡K Zvn‡j ‡M‡RU cÖKvk n‡jI Zv evwZj‡hvM¨|
wek¦ Kj¨vY PvKgv, BDwc †Pqvig¨vb, `xwNbvjv cÖkœ K‡ib, ‡e`LjK…Z A‡bK Rwg AvBbMZfv‡e
†diZ †`qvi Ges †e`Lj D‡”Q‡`i wb‡`©k ‡`qv n‡jI AvR ch©š— †mUv Kvh©Ki n‡”Q bv| evi
evi †Póv Kivi c‡iI G‡‡Î AvBbx mn‡hvwMZv †Kej wjwLZ Ae¯’vq mxgve× Av‡Q, ev¯—evq‡b
†bB| GgZve¯’vq KiYxq wK n‡Z cv‡i?
Gi Rev‡e †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, Dwb †hUv e‡j‡Qb GUv ‡Zv ¯^vfvweK| GLv‡b g~j welqwU
n‡jv AvB‡bi kvmb †`‡k ‡Zv †bB; cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g AviI †ekx †bB| KviY cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg
AÂj Avw`evmx cvnvox‡`i Øviv ev hviv cyi‡bv emwZcÖvß ev½vjx Zv‡`i Avevmf~wg _vK‡e wKbv
G wb‡q ‡Zv ivR‰bwZK mgm¨v weivR Ki‡Q| †m mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKUv Pzw³ n‡q‡Q wKš‘
`„wófw½i †Zv GL‡bv cwieZ©b nqwb| weMZ 9 AvMó Zvwi‡L RvwZmsN gvbevwaKvi Kwgk‡bi
Kwgkbvi GKUv evYx w`‡q‡Qb| evYx‡Z wZwb wj‡L‡j‡Qb Avgiv AvBbMZfv‡e A‡bK
instruements ‰Zix Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ wKš‘ Avgv‡`i `„wófw½i cwieZ©b nq bvB|
Abyiƒcfv‡e cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ G AÂj‡K DcRvwZ Aay¨wlZ AÂj _vK‡e,
GLvbKvi Awaevmx‡`i AwaKvi iwZ n‡e Gfv‡e GKUv Pzw³ n‡jI Pzw³i AbyKz‡j ‡h GKUv
`„wófw½ _vKv `iKvi Zv GL‡bv M‡o D‡Vwb| Ggwb‡ZB mvaviYfv‡e †`‡k bvRyK Ae¯’v weivR
Ki‡Q Avi GLv‡b cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g f~wg mgm¨vUv g~j mgm¨v Avi GUv wb‡q g~j we‡iva n‡”Q
ivR‰bwZK we‡iva Avi RvwZMZ Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖkœ| †mUvB Avwg Avgvi cÖe‡Ü wj‡LwQ|
Avi Avcbviv ‡Zv Avgvi †P‡q Av‡iv †ekx fvj ej‡Z cvi‡eb †h, GB gvgjv bxPz †_‡K ïi“
K‡i K‡i H mywcÖg †Kv‡U© hvq| GB f~wg mgm¨v¸‡jv Ny‡i wd‡i Avevi H nvB‡Kv‡U© hvq| †hLv‡b
ivq ‡nvK bv †Kb, GB RvqMv gvwjK‡K Avevi D‡”Q` gvgjv Ki‡Z nq †mB wbgœ Av`vjZ
†_‡K| GB wbgœ Av`vjZ †_‡K D‡”Q` gvgjv m¤úbœ nIhvi ciI ‡mUv wKš‘ mgvav nq bv|
GiKg GKUv NUbv Av‡Q `xwNbvjvi KevLvjx †gŠRvq| †mLv‡b Awk¦bx ZvjyK`v‡ii †Q‡jiv
GKUv gvgjv K‡i‡Q, cÖ_‡g `Lj cvIqvi Rb¨ gvgjv, Zvici D‡”Q` gvgjv| D‡”Q` gvgjvq
Dbviv PÆMÖvg RR©‡KvU© †_‡K ivq †c‡q‡Qb| NUbvµ‡g GB f~wg we‡iv‡ai welqUv Uv¯‹‡dv‡m©i
wgwUs-G D‡V| †m K_vi myÎ a‡i bZzb K‡i Avevi †m gvgjv ïi“ n‡q hvq Dc‡Rjv Av`vjZ
†_‡K|
Zvn‡j †`Lyb D‡”Q` gvgjv wb®úwË n‡q hvIqvi ciI Avevi †m gvgjv ïi“ n‡q‡Q A‰eafv‡e|
whwb ïi“ K‡i‡Qb ‡mB wePvi‡Ki ev †mB cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZ©vi wei“‡×I gvgjv n‡Z cv‡i| †h
D‡”Q` gvgjvi ivq m¤úbœ n‡q †M‡Q wZwb Avevi †mB gvgjv ïi“ K‡i w`‡jb wKfv‡e? GUv‡Zv
wZwb wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| GB n‡jv welq|

miKvi bv Ki‡j weKí _v‡K AvBbx mnvqZv| GRb¨ Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb|
G¸‡jv bv n‡j GKRb Mixe gvbyl me©¯^ nvwi‡q em‡e| KviY GLv‡b ïay gvgjvi K_vUv
†`Ljvg| GB gvgjvi mv‡_ †h DwK‡ji wdm, Kg©KZ©vi Nyl, wePvi Kv‡h©i Nyl Ges Av‡iv
AMwYZ Nyl RwoZ| GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z WvwbWvi mn‡hvwMZvq AvR‡Ki ‡h IqvK©kc n‡Z P‡j‡Q
Avgvi wek¦vm GB IqvK©k‡ci ga¨ w`‡q †h mycvwikgvjv ‡ewi‡q Avm‡e †mB mycvwikgvjvi
wfwˇZ (f~wg Kwgkb mwµq bv n‡jI) f~wg we‡iva wb®úwËi †‡Î Aš—Zt wKQyUv n‡jI
AvBbMZfv‡e ev Avw_©KMZfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡e| Avwg AvkvKwi,
Kg©kvjvq †h mycvwikgvjv D‡V Avm‡e †mB mycvwikgvjvi wfwˇZ `vZvms¯’v; `vZvms¯’vi c
†_‡K Avgv‡`i mygb mv‡ne Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb Dbviv GwM‡q Avm‡eb|
Avwg ‡R‡b Lykx n‡qwQ wgR bvUvwjqv weKv‡j Avm‡eb| ivR‰bwZK fq‡K Avmj g‡b bv K‡i
DbvivI GB mgm¨vwU mwVKfv‡e Dcjwä Ki‡eb| GLv‡b f~wg ej‡j ïay GLvbKvi Kg©KZ©viv
bq, A‡bK mgq `vZvms¯’vivI wcQy n‡U hvq| Avcbv‡`i wbðq g‡b Av‡Q †h, 1997 mv‡j Pzw³
nIqvi ci 1998 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m hLb `vZv‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k‡K mnvqZv msµvš—
GKUv wgwUs nq ZLb `vZv‡Mvôxi c †_‡K ejv nq, f~wg we‡iva wb®úwËi Rb¨ Ges
†m‡Ujvi‡`i‡K mgZj f~wg‡Z wb‡q Avmvi Rb¨ Avgiv UvKv †`e| `vZv‡Mvôxi c †_‡K Giƒc
cÖ¯—ve †`Iqv n‡qwQj KviY Zvi Av‡M RbmsnwZ mwgwZi c †_‡K bvbvfv‡e BD‡ivcxq
BDwbqbmn Avš—R©vwZK m¤cÖ`vq‡K ejv n‡qwQj Ges Dbviv convinced n‡qwQ‡jb| BD‡ivcxq
Kwgkb cÖ¯—ve MªnY K‡iwQ‡jb ‡h, GB mgm¨v mgvav‡b Dbviv A_© †`‡eb|
†mB myÎ a‡i Pzw³ cieZx©‡Z 1998 mv‡j Zviv A_© mvnv‡h¨i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb| wKš‘ ZrKvjxb
cÖavbgš¿x e‡jwQ‡jb †h, bv Avgv‡`i UvKvi `iKvi †bB| Avgiv Avgv‡`i UvKvq mgvavb Ki‡Z
cvi‡ev| GUv ‡Kb n‡jv? GRb¨ `„wófw½i K_v ejjvg| GLv‡b cÖkœ G‡m‡Q wKfv‡e mgvavb
n‡e? 1997 mv‡ji Pzw³B ‡Zv mgvavb| GB mgm¨vi GKUv MYZvwš¿Kfv‡e Dcv‡q mgvavb
cvIqvi Rb¨ †Zv GB Pzw³| Avgv‡`i MYZvwš¿K Ges ivR‰bwZK Dcv‡q mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Ges
AvBbMZ mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡mUvi †Kvb weKí Av‡Q e‡j Avwg Aš—Zt
g‡b Kwi bv| ab¨ev`|
wek¦wcÖq Kve©vix, cÖv³b †Pqvig¨vb, †L`vigviv BDwbqb, evNvBQwo cÖkœ Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, 1979
mv‡j hLb ewnivMZ †m‡Ujviiv Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk RvqMv Rwg-`Lj Ki‡Z †M‡jv ZLb miKvi
Zv‡`i‡K mn‡hvwMZvi j‡¨ wZbwU †gŠRv m„wó K‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv KvjvcvKR¨v, AvgZjx Ges
¸jmvLvjx| GB wZwbwU †gŠRvi g‡a¨ we‡kl K‡i Avgvi mgm¨vUv n‡”Q KvjvcvKR¨vi mv‡_|
Avgvi GjvKv n‡”Q `wY cvejvLvjx| GB †gŠRvi ‡m‡Ujviiv Avgv‡`i AwaKvsk Pvl‡hvM¨
RvqMv Rwg¸‡jv `Lj K‡i †bIqvi ciI miKvix wewfbœ cÖkvmwbK gn‡ji mnvqZvq eZ©gv‡bI
Zviv Avgv‡`i Rwg `L‡ji cÖ‡Póvq wjß i‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †Rjv cÖkvmb Ges †mbv cÖkvm‡bi
h‡_ó f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|
†m‡Ujvi‡`i eû cwievi †gŠRvi evB‡i ‡_‡KI ej‡Q Zviv †gŠRvi wfZi Av‡Q| KvjvcvKR¨v
†gŠRvi mxgvbv wVK Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK evi ejvi ci wWwm mv‡ne †gŠRvi mxgvbv wba©viY Ki‡Z
D‡`¨vM †bb| wKš‘ †m‡Ujvi evOvjx I ‡mbvevwnbxi evav`v‡bi d‡j D³ mv‡f© Uxg mxgvbv wVK
Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| cvš—‡i GwWwm mv‡ne whwb KwgwU MVb K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi wei“‡× PÆMÖvg RR©
†Kv‡U© GKUv gvgjv Kiv n‡qwQj| GLb Avgvi cÖkœ n‡”Q, wWwm mv‡ne ev GwWwm mv‡ne †Kb
HUv mvgvav Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb bv? †h‡nZz Dwb wm×vš— †`Iqvi AvBbMZ gvwjK| KviY AvBbMZ

w`K w`‡q †gŠRvi mxgvbv wba©viY nIqv DwPr| †gŠRvi Rb¨ †m‡Ujvi‡`i‡K wZb nvRvi GKi
RvqMv †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| wZb nvRvi GKi †g‡c w`‡j I‡`i AmyweavZv †Kv_vq|
GLv‡b Avcbviv wewfbœ cÖwZwbwa Av‡Qb Avcbv‡`i gva¨‡g wWwm mv‡ne‡K ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i hv‡Z
welqUv `ª“Z wb®úwË K‡i †`b| Zvi KviY, Avwg K‡qKevi wM‡q †`‡LwQ, †hw`b H gvgjvi
ZvwiL co‡e †mw`b ejv nq wWwm mv‡ne Av‡mb bvB ev weev`x Av‡mb bvB| Gfv‡e Avwg Ges
Avgvi GjvKvevmx nqivwbi wkKvi nw”Q| Ab¨w`‡K nvB†Kv‡U© Avwcj Kivi gZ mvg_©I Avgv‡`i
†bB| †m e¨vcv‡i Avgvi GjvKvevmx‡K Avw_©Kfv‡e ev Ab¨ †Kvbfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv ‡`qv hvq wKbv
Avwg gvbbxq AwZw_e„‡›`i KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z Pvw”Q|
Rev‡e †MŠZg Kzgvi PvKgv e‡jb, Dwb GZY a‡i †hUv K_vUv ej‡jb †m ai‡bi mgm¨v Av‡iv
A‡bK Av‡Q †m GjvKvq| wZbwU †gŠRvi K_v e‡j‡Qb wZwb| HLv‡b †h gvBbxgyL Av‡Q, Av‡iv
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Tracts Regulation 1900-Gi 18bs avivq cÖ`Ë gZv e‡j rules for the adminstration
of the Chittagong Hill Tracts-Gi wewagvjvi 34bs wewa‡Z f~wg e‡›`ve¯— cÖwµqv wKfv‡e
m¤úw`Z n†e, 12bs wewa‡Z ‡iwRwóª `wjj wKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv n‡e G wel‡q D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|
34bs wewa‡Z cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡ni †Rjv cªkvmKMY‡K f~wg e‡›`ve¯— I n¯—vš—i wel‡q g~jZt
hveZxq gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †i¸‡jk‡bi 34bs wewa Abyhvqx hveZxq c×wZ m¤úv`b
c~e©K ‡WcywU KwgkbviMY iv‡óªi c‡ GB †i¸‡jk‡bi 6 I 7bs wewa e‡j Zviv e‡›`ve¯—x
cÖwµqvq P~ovš— Aby‡gv`b †`b| ‡i¸‡jk‡bi ms‡kvabxi mv‡_ GB 34bs avivUvI †ek K‡qKevi
ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb 1971 mv‡j GKevi ms‡kvab Kiv n‡qwQj| Avi 1979 mv‡j
wØZxqevi ms‡kvab Kiv nq miKv‡ii wbR¯^ ¯^v‡_©|
1971 mv‡j 34bs aviv ms‡kvab Kiv n‡qwQj Zv‡Z cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mswk−ó †Rjv
cÖkvmKMY miKvix Lvm Rwg e‡›`ve¯— cÖ`v‡bi †‡Î Ges n¯—vš—‡ii †‡Î †h †Kvb ¯’vqx
evwm›`v‡K n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges e‡›`ve¯—x w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKš‘ 1979 mv‡j wØZxq †h
ms‡kvabx Kiv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b ejv n‡”Q †h, GLv‡b 15 ermi ch©š— hw` A¯’vqx evwm›`v †KD
emevm K‡ib ev wfbœ †Rjvi hw` †KD A_v©r Acvnvox ev ADcRvwZ 15 ermi a‡i emevm
K‡ib Zv‡`i‡KI f~wg e‡›`ve¯— cÖ`vb ev n¯—vš—i Kiv hv‡e|
GB cÖwµqvax‡b Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h, Gici †_‡KB g~jZt GLv‡b evB‡i †_‡K Ab¨ †Rjvi
‡jvKRb‡K emv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZLb †_‡KB GB A‡ji †h g~j mgm¨v f~wg wb‡q mgm¨v D¢e
n‡q‡Q| ewnivMZ emwZ cÖ`vb‡K ˆeaZv †`Iqvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii ¯^v‡_© g~jZt 1979 mv‡ji
ms‡kvabx Kiv nq| Gi d‡j ewnivMZ †m‡Ujvi‡`i‡K cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g emwZ¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
nq| GQvov wewfbœ †Rjv †_‡K hviv miKvix wewfbœ Avgjv, ivR‰bwZK `‡ji ev †mbv Kg©KZ©vi

AvZ¥xq¯^Rb Zviv ¯’vqx evwm›`vi mb`cÎ msMÖn K‡i GLv‡b A‡bK RvqMv Rwg e‡›`ve¯—x Ges
jxR wb‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j GLvbKvi f~wg mgm¨vUv weivU AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q|
Av‡M †WcywU Kwgkbvi †h †Kvb cvnvox‡K †cŠi GjvKvi wfZ‡i emZwfUvi Rb¨ 30 kZK ch©š—
f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x g~‡j n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, K…wli Rb¨ cvuP †_‡K `k GKi Ges wkí KviLvbvi
Rb¨ †cŠi GjvKvi g‡a¨ cÂvk GKi Rwg w`‡Z cvi‡Zb| wkí KviLvbvi Rb¨ †cŠi GjvKvi
evB‡i cvuP †_‡K `k GKi Ges evwYwR¨K D‡Ï‡k¨ ivevi evMvb ev Ab¨vb¨ evMv‡bi Rb¨ cuwPk
GKi ch©š— wZwb Rwg w`‡Z cvi‡Zb|
GLb †`Lv hvK e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqvUv Avm‡j wKfv‡e m¤úbœ nq| eZ©gv‡b †h wbqg Av‡Q Zv n‡jv
†Kvb †jvK hw` †Kvb Rwg e‡›`ve¯—x †c‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Zv‡K ‡Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki eive‡i GKUv
Av‡e`b w`‡Z n‡e| †m Av‡e`‡b mswk−ó Rwgi aibmn †PŠnwÏ D‡j−L Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mswk−ó
†nWg¨v‡bi mycvwik Aek¨B wb‡Z n‡e| Zvici †Rjv Kvbyb‡Mv m‡iRwg‡b Z`š— K‡i Ges
bw_cÎ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ïbvbxi Rb¨ AwZwi³ †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki wbKU †cÖiY Ki‡eb| AwZwi³
‡Rjv cÖkvmK ïbvbxi c‡i c~e©vby‡gv`‡bi Rb¨ ‡Rjv cwil‡` ‡cÖiY Ki‡eb Ges ïbvbxi ci
†WcywU Kwgkbvi P~ovš— Aby‡gv`b †`‡eb| GB Aby‡gv‡bi ci †iwfwbD †WcywU Kv‡j±‡ii wbKU
ivR¯^ Lv‡Zi kvLvq †cÖiY Kiv n‡e| Gic‡i †iwRw÷ª kvLvq wM‡q †iwRw÷ªi Rb¨ ZwRf~³ n‡e
Ges Zvici mswk−ó †nWg¨v‡bi wbKU wPwV w`‡q †mUv †nWg¨v‡bi evjvg eB‡q ZvwjKvf~³ Kiv
n‡e| Gici LvRbv Av`v‡qi †h procedure Av‡Q Zv m¤úbœ Kivi ci A_©vr LvRbv cwi‡kv‡ai
ci e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqv m¤úbœ nq|
1989 mv‡j RyjvB gv‡m wZb cve©Z¨ †Rjvq wZbwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` ¯’vwcZ
nq| ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvB‡bi 64bs aviv g‡Z f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x cÖ`v‡bi †‡Î †Rjv
cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b jvM‡e A_v©r †Rjv cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b Qvov f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqv
m¤úbœ Kiv hv‡e bv| †m ‡cÖw‡Z GB c~e©vby‡gv`‡bi e¨vcviUv GLv‡b G‡m‡Q| Av‡M wKš‘ †mUvi
cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| 64bs avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mswk−ó cve©Z¨ †Rjvq ‡h †Kvb f~wg e‡›`e¯—x, n¯—
vš—i ev †ePvwewµi †‡Î †Rjv cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b Qvov m¤¢e bq| ïaygvÎ wiRvf© d‡ió, f~-
DcMÖn †K›`ª& Ges KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r cÖKí GjvKvmn miKv‡ii bv‡g †h mg¯— RvqMv-Rwg Av‡Q
G¸‡jv ev‡` Ab¨vb¨ mKj RvqMv Rwgi †‡Î GB AvBbwU Kvh©Ki n‡e| Avi fringe land-Gi
†‡Î g~j gvwjK‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ †WcywU Kwgkbvi e‡›`ve¯—x †`Iqvi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| G¸‡jv n‡”Q f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x m¤úwK©Z AvB‡bi weavbmg~n| GKUv n‡”Q †Rjv cwil`
AvB‡b; Av†iKUv n‡”Q wnj Uª¨v±m †i¸‡jk‡b|
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, 1989 mv‡ji ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvBb cieZx©‡Z cve©Z¨ Pzw³i d‡j
cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvBb n‡q‡Q| f~wg gš¿Yvj‡qi †M‡RU g~‡j, Chittagong Hill Tracts
Regulation g~‡j Ges Gi ms‡kvabxmg~n e‡j cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡n †WcywU KwgkbviMY‡K f~wg
e‡›`ve¯— Ges ¯’vbxq‡`i wbKU f~wg n¯—vš—‡ii wb‡`©k w`‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cve©Z¨ †Rjvmg~‡n
¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` AvBb cÖeZ©b nIqvi d‡j GB mg¯— ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil‡`i c~e©vby‡gv`b
e¨vwZ‡i‡K †Rjvi evwm›`v bq Giƒc †Kvb e¨vw³i wbKU †Kvb RvqMv-Rwg n¯—vš—i Kiv hv‡e bv
e‡j weavb Rvix Kiv nq|
GB cÖÁvcb Rvwii GKeQi ci 1990 mv‡j we‡kl Kvh©vw` wefv‡Mi ¯§viKg~‡j Avevi GKUv
cÖÁvcb Rvwi Kiv nq| †mLv‡b ejv n‡”Q †h, †Rjv cÖkvmKMY 1900 mv‡ji †i¸‡jkb e‡j †h
mg¯— Kvh©vw` m¤úv`b K‡ib †m¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© envj _vK‡e| A_©vr GB AvBbUv envj Ges Kvh©Ki

_vK‡e g‡g© GKUv Av‡`k Rvwi nq| GB Av‡`‡k AviI ejv nq †h, 1989 mv‡j ¯’vbxq miKvi
cwil` AvBb cÖewZ©Z n‡jI D³ AvB‡bi 2bs avivq ewY©Z weavb Abyhvqx miKvix †M‡R‡U
cÖÁvcb bv †`Iqv ch©š— A_©vr †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb bv nIqv ch©š— GB AvBb ejer n‡e bv|
wKš‘ Gici miKvi Avi †Kvb †M‡RU †bvwUwd‡Kkb †`qwb| d‡j weavb Abyhvqx GB AvBbwU
Avi ejer nqwb|
GLv‡b `y‡Uv we‡kl kvmbwewa; h_v GKUv n‡jv 1900 mv‡ji †i¸‡jkb †mUvI ejer Av‡Q
Av‡iKUv n‡jv 1989 mv‡ji cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` GUvI ejer Av‡Q| GB `y‡Uv AvBb ci¯úi
we‡ivax| GKUv‡Z ej‡Q, c~e©vby‡gv`b jvM‡e| Av‡iKUv‡Z ej‡Q c~e©vby‡gv`b bv n‡jI Pj‡e|
G mg¯— RwUjZvi g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqvUv cÖvq APj Ae¯’vq c‡o i‡q‡Q| Dc‡iv³
cÖÁvcb `y‡Uv‡Zv Ggwb‡ZB ci¯úi we‡ivax Zvi Dci 1997 mv‡ji 2iv wW‡m¤^i cve©Z¨ PÆMvªg
Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nq| GB Pzw³i Av‡jv‡K 1998 mv‡j cÖYxZ cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvB‡bi 64bs
avivq e‡›`ve¯—x, BRviv, n¯—vš—‡ii †ejvq c~e©vby‡gv`b eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` AvB‡bi 68bs aviv g‡Z cwil‡`i wewagvjv Ges 69bs aviv g‡Z cÖweavb
GL‡bv cÖwYZ nqwb| hvi d‡j cwil` AvB‡bi 64bs aviv g‡Z wKfv‡e, †Kvb c×wZ‡Z
Aby‡gv`b †bqv n‡e Zv cwi®‹vi bq| Aciw`‡K wnj Uª¨v±m †i¸‡jk‡bi 34bs avivI hw`
AbymiY Ki‡Z nq †m‡‡ÎI GKUv mgm¨v Av‡Q|
‡gvUK_v cwil` AvB‡bi 64bs aviv g‡Z †h c~e©vby‡gv`‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, †mB c~e©vby‡gv`b
wKfv‡e †bhv n‡e Zv wewagvjv, cÖweavbgvjv cÖwYZ bv nIqvi d‡j A¯úó i‡q‡Q| djZt
eZ©gv‡b e‡›`ve¯—x Kvh©µg eÜ i‡q‡Q| Avi Zvi Dci ewnivMZ †m‡Ujvi‡`i Ae¯’vbI GB
mgm¨v‡K Av‡iv RwUj K‡i‡Q| g~jZt bvbv RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqv eÜ i‡q‡Q| Avi
GRb¨ Avgiv cve©Z¨evmxiv wZMÖ¯— nw”Q| Gi mgvavb wKfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i ev G wel‡q wK Kiv
hvq †m wel‡q Avcbviv wPš—v Ki‡eb AvkvKwi| cieZx©‡Z IqvwK©s †mkb Av‡Q Avcbv‡`i Rb¨|
HLv‡b Avcbviv †Póv Ki‡eb wKfv‡e Avgiv G mgm¨vUvi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvwi|
GLv‡b Av‡iKUv welq Avwg ej‡Z Pvw”Q ‡mUv n‡jv, †h rule ev bxwZgvjv Av‡Q G¸‡jvi
evB‡iI wKš‘ e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqv Pj‡Q| Avgiv Rvwb †h, A‡bK ewnivMZ †m‡Ujvi hviv cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡gi evwm›`v bq Zviv wewfbœfv‡e GB c×wZi evB‡i e‡›`ve¯—x Kvh©µg m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q|
A_©vr Zviv e‡›`ve¯—x †c‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi AvBbMZ fwel¨r wK n‡e? fwel¨‡Z †mUv nqZ Avgiv
ej‡Z cvi‡ev| Gfv‡e iv½vgvwU, LvMovQwo Ges ev›`iev‡b rule ev bxwZgvjvi evB‡i
†eAvBbxfv‡e A‡bK¸‡jv e‡›`ve¯—xi Aby‡gv`b †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avwg hZUzKz Rvwb we‡kl K‡i
ev›`ievb †Rjvq GiKg A‡bK¸‡jv e‡›`ve¯—x Kvh©µg m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q Ges jxRI †`qv n‡q‡Q|
Zvn‡j G¸‡jvi fwel¨r wK n‡e?
GiKg A‰eafv‡e †h mg¯— Rwg e‡›`ve¯—x †`qv n‡q‡Q G¸‡jv evwZ‡ji Rb¨ B‡Zvg‡a¨ cve©Z¨
PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq †_‡K Av‡`k †`qv n‡q‡Q cve©Z¨ †Rjv cÖkvmKM‡Yi eive‡i| Avwg
hZUzKz Rvwb, Gi cwi‡cÖw‡Z K‡qKUv gvÎ evwZj n‡q‡Q Avi AwaKvsk envj i‡q‡Q| GLb
†h¸‡jv evwZj nqwb ev †Rjv cÖkvmKMY evwZj Ki‡Qb bv †m wel‡q wK Kiv hvq?
Avm‡j welqwU n‡jv, †Rjv cÖkvmKMY mivmwi gš¿x cwil` mwPevj‡qi Aaxb¯’| ‡mR‡b¨ GB
Av‡`kUv hw` f~wg gš¿Yvjq ‡_‡K Avm‡Zv Zvn‡j †Rjv cÖkvmKMY GUv‡K ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i wb‡Zb
Ges Kvh©Ki Ki‡Zb| †h‡nZz GUv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq †_‡K G‡m‡Q Ges mgš^q
nqwb Kv‡RB †Rjv cÖkvmKMY welqUv‡K ¸i“Z¡ mnKv‡i †bqwb| †h K‡qKUv evwZj n‡q‡Q ZvI

†eva nq G‡Kev‡i mivmwi GKm‡½ c`‡c †bqvi d‡j| ZvB cÖkœ n‡”Q- †h mg¯— Rwg¸‡jvi
e‡›`ve¯—x we‡kl K‡i ev›`iev‡b evwZj Kiv nqwb G¸‡jvi GLb wK n‡e? †hgb ai“b gyis
GjvKvq GiKg e‡›`ve¯—x K‡i wb‡q‡Q, GLb †m GjvKvi gyis‡`i c‡ wK Ab¨ †Kv_vI wM‡q
Gi mgvavb PvIqv ejv m¤¢e?
ZvB G¸‡jvi Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i wKfv‡e evwZ‡ji e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z cvwi Zv Avgv‡`i wPš—v Ki‡Z
n‡e| f~wg mgm¨vUv cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg eo mgm¨v| GB f~wg mgm¨vq Avgiv me‡P‡q †ekx suffer
KiwQ| Kv‡RB e‡m _vK‡j n‡e bv| Gfv‡e Pj‡Z _vK‡j ‡`Lv hv‡e †h, Avgv‡`i me RwgB
P‡j †M‡Q| Kv‡RB Avgv‡`i Av‡Mfv‡MB GKUv protective e¨e¯’v †bqv Ri“ix n‡e| †h †h
GjvKvq G ai‡bi Awbqg n‡”Q †m mg¯— GjvKvi RbcÖwZwbwaiv hw` wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡q AvBbx
Avkª‡qi e¨e¯’v K‡ib Zvn‡j nqZ wKQyUv n‡jI Avgiv G¸‡jv iv Ki‡Z cvi‡ev|
Avi e‡›`ve¯—xi †‡Î †Rjv cwil` AvB‡bi 64bs aviv Ges wnj Uª¨v±m& †i¸‡jk‡bi 34bs
aviv- GB `y‡Uv weavb QvovI wnj Uª¨v±m& †i¸‡jk‡bi 50bs avivq ejv n‡”Q †h, wWwmi
Aby‡gv`‡bi evB‡iI A_©vr wbqg gvwdK e‡›`ve¯—xi evB‡iI †nWg¨vb Zvi mswk−ó GjvKvi g‡a¨
cvnvox‡`i‡K ev ¯’vqx evwm›`v‡`i‡K emZwfUvi Rb¨ 30 kZK ch©š— Rwg e¨env‡ii ev `L‡j
ivLvi AbygwZ w`‡Z cv‡ib| GUv n‡jv Pjgvb e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqvi evB‡i A_©vr e‡›`ve¯—xi
evB‡iI wZwb Rwg †`qvi gZv iv‡Lb| Gme Rwg¸‡jv n‡jv f~wg e‡›`ve¯—x cÖwµqv m¤úK©xZ
welq|
e‡›`ve¯—xi ci Gevi Avwg AvmwQ ÒjxRÓ cÖm‡½| jx‡Ri †h wbqg-Kvbyb Av‡Q mPivmi Avgiv
j¨ Kwi †h, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g †h †Kvb Rwg jxR ev µq weµ‡qi †‡Î ‡gŠRv †nWg¨v‡bi GKUv
mycvwik `iKvi nq Ges †Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki wbKU jx‡Ri mycvwikmn Av‡e`b Ki‡Z nq| 1900
mv‡ji †i¸‡jk‡bi 34bs avivi 5 Dcwewa‡Z †Rjv cÖkvmKM‡Yi c~e©vby‡gv`b eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Kv‡RB c~e©vby‡gv`b e¨wZZ †Rjv cÖkvmK‡`i jxR cÖ`vb †eAvBbx| eZ©gv‡b we‡kl K‡i
ev›`iev‡b GiKg c~e©vby‡gv`b wenxb jxR cÖ`vb n‡”Q e‡j Awf‡hvM D‡V‡Q hv cÎcwÎKvqI P‡j
G‡m‡Q| GQvov cve©Z¨ Pzw³‡Z A¯’vbxq‡`i wbKU cÖ`Ë jxR evwZ‡jiI weavb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†m¸‡jv AwZ`ª“Z evwZ‡ji e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv `iKvi| mevB ab¨ev`|

cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi Ry¤§ kiYv_x© I Avf¨š—ixY Ry¤§ DØv¯‘ mgm¨v
myavwmÜz Lxmv 2
K. cUf~wgKv
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi DØv¯‘ mgm¨v GKwU `xN©w`‡bi mgm¨v (Chronic Disease)| cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi
Ry¤§ RbMY g~jZt wZb ch©v‡q DØv¯‘ nq| GLv‡b `yB ai‡bi DØv¯‘ ‡`Lv hvq - Avf¨š—ixY
(‡`‡ki g‡a¨ ¯’vbvš—wiZ) I evwn¨K (†`kvš—wiZ)| h_v-
1. 1960 mv‡j KvßvB euva wbg©v‡Yi mgq DØv¯‘ mgm¨vi m~ÎcvZ-
(K) †`‡ki Af¨š—‡i DØv¯‘;
(L) cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óª Avkªq MÖnY (†`k †Q‡o †h‡Z eva¨ nq);
2. gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j mxgvš— †_‡K ¸wjel©‡Yi d‡j DØv¯‘ I Zvi cieZx© mg‡q wg‡Rv we‡`ªvnx
`g‡bi bv‡g e¨vcK Awfhv‡bi d‡j DØv¯‘ m„wó;
3. 1975 mvj †_‡K Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi d‡j DØv¯‘ m„wó|
ejvi A‡cv iv‡L bv †h, `k wfbœ fvlvfvwl Ry¤§ RvwZi Avevmf~wg cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg| cve©Z¨
PÆMÖv‡gi BwZnvm kvmb, †kvlY, wbh©vZb I eÂbvi BwZnvm| e„wUk kvmbvgj I cvwK¯—vb
kvmbvg‡j GB `k wfbœ fvlvfvwl Ry¤§‡`i †Kvbfv‡e wQj bv kvmb gZvi Askx`vwiZ¡, wQj bv
mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© †Kvb MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi| hLbB Ry¤§ RvwZi Dci †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e †b‡g
Avm‡Zv K‡Vvi kvmb, †kvlY, wbh©vZb ZLbB Zviv wbivc` I kvwš—c~Y© Rxeb-hvc‡bi mÜv‡b
†h‡Zv cvwj‡q| MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi Abycw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y Ni-evox †Q‡o cvjv‡bvB wQj Zv‡`i
GKgvÎ c_| 1960 mv‡j KvßvB evua wbg©v‡Yi ci jvwaK Ry¤§ nviv‡jv Zv‡`i Rwg I
ev¯‘wfUv| †Kvb cÖwZev` QvovB Qvo‡jv †`k, cvwo Rgv‡jv fviZ I evgv©vq| Zv‡`i Avi wb‡Ri
†`‡k †div n‡jv bv|
cÂvk `k‡Ki †kl I lvU `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q Ry¤§‡`i wkwZ hyekw³i GKwU z`ª Ask
eyS‡Z cvi‡jv c„w_ex bvgK MÖ‡n cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg e¨ZxZ m~PvMÖ cwigvY RvqMvI Zv‡`i Rb¨
Aewkó †bB| Aciw`‡K 1900 mv‡ji cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg kvmbwewa‡K duvwK w`‡q cve©Z¨ RbZvi
AÁv‡Z I A‡MvP‡i D³ kvmbwewa‡K Kiv nq `dvq `dvq KvUv‡Qov| d‡j cÖkvmbh‡š¿i
Avkxe©v‡` û û K‡i cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g ïi“ nq A-DcRvZxq‡`i AbycÖ‡ek| cvwK¯—vb kvmbvg‡ji
†kl w`‡K ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b 6 `dv I 11 `dv Av‡›`vjb hLb Zz‡½ †m mgq Ges Zvi
Av‡M c‡i ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—vb kvmbvg‡j Ges evsjv‡`‡ki m~Pbv j‡Mœ evg, ga¨ I Wvbcš’x
cÖvq mKj ivR‰bwZK `j, e¨w³Z¡ I †bZv‡`i Kv‡Q cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi mgm¨v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
n‡qwQj| †Kvb ivR‰bwZK †bZvB Zv ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q we‡ePbv K‡iwb, A‡b‡K mgm¨vi K_v ˆah¨
mnKv‡i ch©š— ïb‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ciI Zvi †Kvb e¨wZµg N‡Uwb|
eis AZ¨vPi-wbcxob †e‡o †M‡Q eû¸‡Y Ges AbycÖ‡ek N‡U P‡j‡Q cÖwZwbqZ cÖkvmbh‡š¿i
QÎQvqvq|
2 myavwmÜz Lxmv t m`m¨, cÖZ¨vMZ DcRvZxq kiYv_x© I Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ cybe©vmb msµvš— Uv¯‹ †dvm© Ges
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� miKvi I kiYv_x© †bZ…e„‡›`i g‡a¨ Pzw³-
(K) 2iv †deª“qvix 1994 mv‡j 16 `dv c¨v‡KR Pzw³
(L) 9B gvP© 1997 mv‡j 20 `dv c¨v‡KR Pzw³;
� c¨v‡KR Pzw³ `yÕwUi D‡j−L‡hvM¨ ˆewkó¨; c¨v‡KR myweavw` `yBfv‡e fvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-
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(1) 16 `dv Pzw³i 14bs `dvq D‡j−L Av‡Q †h,
The request for the return of paddy field to the actual owners is accepted.
(2) 20 `dv Pzw³i 11bs `dvq ejv Av‡Q †h,
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bv|
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� Uv¯‹ †dvm© MVb
1| 1997 mv‡ji 8 GwcÖj (Pzw³i Av‡M) ZrKvjxb Ggwc KíiÄb PvKgvi †bZ…‡Z¡ 7 m`m¨
wewkó Uv¯‹ †dvm© MVb; Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨e„›` n‡jb-
1) ‡Pqvig¨vb, LvMovQwo cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil` - m`m¨
2) exi evnv`yi, msm` m`m¨, ev›`ieb cve©Z¨ †Rjv - m`m¨
3) wefvMxq Kwgkbvi, PÆMÖvg wefvM - m`m¨ mwPe
4) AvÂwjK Kg¨vÛvi, evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx, LvMovQwo AÂj - m`m¨
5) Aq gywb PvKgv, kiYv_x© cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
6) mgxi Kvwš— †`Iqvb, kiYv_x© cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
2| 20 Rvbyqvix 1998 mv‡j ZrKvjxb Ggwc `xcsKi ZvjyK`v‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ 9 m`m¨ wewkó
KwgwU cybM©Vb; Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨iv n‡jb-
1) exi evnv`yi, msm` m`m¨, ev›`ieb cve©Z¨ †Rjv - m`m¨
2) ‡¯úkvj G¨v‡dqvm© wefv‡Mi GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
3) LvMovQwo cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil‡`i GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
4) iv½vgvwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv ¯’vbxq miKvi cwil‡`i GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
5) 24Zg c`vwZK wWwfk‡bi GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
6) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZi GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
7) cÖZ¨vMZ kiYv_x©‡`i GKRb cÖwZwbwa - m`m¨
8) wefvMxq Kwgkbvi, PÆMÖvg - m`m¨ mwPe
3| 2003 mv‡ji 29 b‡f¤^i mgxiY †`Iqv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ `k m`m¨ wewkó Uv¯‹ †dvm© KwgwU
cybM©Vb

1) myavwmÜz Lxmv, cÖwZwbwa, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg RbmsnwZ mwgwZ - m`m¨
2) nvi“b Di iwk`, cÖwZwbwa, LvMovQwo cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` - m`m¨
3) mywRZ †`Iqvb, cÖwZwbwa, ivOvgvwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` - m`m¨
4) †gvt nvwid DwÏb, cÖwZwbwa, ivOvgvwU cve©Z¨ †Rjv cwil` - m`m¨
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6) Rvdi Avng` (miKvi g‡bvbxZ) - m`m¨
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8) ‡gvt Ave`yj gvbœvb, DcmwPe (cÖkvmb) I cÖwZwbwa, cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg welqK gš¿Yvjq -
m`m¨
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� ‡m‡Ujvi KZ…©K Rwg †e`Lj _vKvi Kvi‡Y `xwNbvjvq UªvÝwRU K¨v‡¤ú (miKvix cÖv_wgK
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M. Avf¨š—ixY Ry¤§ DØv¯‘ cybe©vmb mgm¨v
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cybe©vm‡bi e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nB‡e|
2| miKvi I RbmsnwZ mwgwZi g‡a¨ Pzw³ ¯^vi I ev¯—evqb Ges DcRvZxq kiYv_x© I
Avf¨š—ixY DcRvZxq DØv¯‘‡`i cybe©vm‡bi weavb;
� Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ wPwýZKiY I cybe©vmb msµvš— Kvh©µ‡gi GKbRi-
� cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK `xcsKi ZvjyK`v‡ii †bZ…Z¡vaxb Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i gva¨‡g
Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ wPwýZKiY I cybe©vmb Kvh©µg ïi“ nq|
� GB Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i 11 evi ˆeVK AbywôZ nq|
� RbmsnwZ mwgwZ I Ry¤§ kibv_x© Kj¨vY mwgwZi cÖwZwbwaØq cÖ_g 9wU ˆeV‡K †hvM`vb
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� 9g mfvq Zviv IqvK AvDU K‡ib;
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K‡i|
� mgxiY †`Iqv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ cybM©wVZ `k m`m¨ wewkó Uv¯‹ †dvm© ejer i‡q‡Q|
� GB Uv¯‹ †dv‡m©i †gvU 4 evi ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| wKš‘ Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ wPwýZKiY I
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� ‡Kvb Avf¨š—ixY DØv¯‘ cybe©vmb Kiv nqwb|
cÖ_g ˆeVK (21 gvP© 1998) - cÖviw¤¢K Av‡jvPbv AbywôZ
wØZxq ‰eVK (6 Ryb 1998)
� RbmsnwZ mwgwZi cÖwZwbwa KZ…©K wbgœwjwLZ cÖ¯—vemg~n DÌvcb Kiv nq-
(K) ev¯‘wfUvmn RwgRgv †dir cÖ`vb Kiv;
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(M) GKKvjxb A_© mvnvh¨ 10,000 UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv;
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(S) †nWg¨vb‡`i cybe©nvj Kiv;
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Z…Zxq ˆeVK (27 Ryb 1998)
� 27 Ryb 1998 AbywôZ 3q mfvq Avf¨š—ixY DcRvZxq welqK wb‡gœv³ msÁvwU
me©m¤§wZµ‡g MªnY Kiv nq-
ÔÔ1975 m‡bi 15 AvMó n‡Z 1992 m‡bi 10 AvMó (A¯¿ weiwZi ïi“i w`b ch©š—)
cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡g (LvMovQwo, iv½vgvwU, ev›`ievb) `xN© Akvš— I Aw¯’wZkxj cwiw¯’wZi
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� D³ 3q mfvq Avf¨š—ixY DcRvZxq DØv¯‘ wPwýZKi‡Yi j‡¨ wb‡æv³ m`m¨‡`i mgš^‡q
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Rgv ‡`qv| _vbv KwgwU KZ…©K D³ dig mswk−ó ‡Rjv cÖkvm‡Ki wbKU `vwLj Kiv Ges di‡gi
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PZz_© ˆeVK (20 RyjvB 1998)
� 20 RyjvB 1998 AbywôZ 4_© mfvq Avf¨š—ixY DcRvZxq DØv¯‘ ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z welqK
dig¨vU me©m¤§Zfv‡e MªnY Kiv nq|
� me©m¤§wZµ‡g M„nxZ Avf¨š—ixY DcRvZxq DØv¯‘ welqK msÁvi mv‡_ wb‡gœv³ AskwU ‡Kvb
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cÂg ˆeVK (20 †m‡Þ¤^i 1998)
� 4_© ˆeV‡Ki Kvh©weeiYx‡Z ‡Kvb Av‡jvPbv QvovB wb‡æv³ AskwU wm×vš— wn‡m‡e wjwce×
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� cÖavbgš¿xi †¯úkvj G¨v‡dqvm© wefv‡M RbmsnwZ mwgwZ KZ…©K cÖwZev`cÎ †cÖiY Kiv nq|
lô ˆeVK (9 gvP© 1999), mßg ˆeVK (29 GwcÖj 1999) I Aóg ˆeVK (4 AvMó 1999)
� lô †_‡K Aóg ˆeVK ch©š— gyL¨Zt †¯úkvj G¨v‡dqvm© wefvM cÖ`Ë Av‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi wb‡q
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ab¨ev`

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Participants List
Workshop on Land Rights Issues in Chittagong Hill Tracts
23-24 November 2005
Sabarang Restaurant, Rangamati
Participants List of Rangamati Hill District
Name Designation and Organization
1. Ms. Alpana Chakma Women Representative, Balukhali
2. Mr. Ushala Roaza Honorable Member, Rangamati Hill
District Council
3. Ms. Mamata Chakma Mouza Forest Reservation Samiti
4. Mr. Nikilesh Chakma Taungya
5. Mr. Lalit C Chakma Secretary, HTNF
6. Ms. Sagarika Roaza, Gargangtali Mahila Samity
7. Ms. Khushi Nahar Adhi O Staiye Bangali Kalyan Parishad
8. Ms. Suproba Chakma Hill Women Federation
9. Ms. Shuva Lata Chakma Women Representative, Balukhali
10. Mr. Shayma Ratan Chakma Chairman, Aima Chara UP
11. Mr. Cha Thwai Roaza Chairman, Farua UP
12. Mr. Bishya Priya Chakma Rangamati
13. Ad. Shaktiman Chakma Chairperson, HTNF Rangamati District
Committee
14. Mr. Lal Cwhuak Liana Pangkhua, Ranagamati
15. Keo Jachai Marma Rajasthali Pulp Wood Project
16. Ching Sha Prue Marma Rajasthali Pulp Wood Project
17. Ms Ranjita Chakma Mubachari Shramajibi Mahila Kalyan
Samity
18. Mr. Sukriti Ranjan Chakma Chief Executive, CHT Regional Council
19. Ad. Susmita Chakma Rangamati
20. Mr. Arun Laibre Shaw Rajasthali, Rangamati
21. Ms. Nai Pru Marma UP Member, Balikhali, Rangamati
22. Mr. Chand Roy CODEC, Rangamati
23. Ms. Jayati Chakma Parbattya Chattagram Mahila Samity,
Rangamati
24. Ad. Bhabatosh Dewan Secretary, Maleya
25. Mr. Udvasan Chakma Member Secretary, Kapaeeng
26. Ms. Tuku Talukdar Organising Secretary, MfPFLR
27. Mr. Sudhatta Bikash
Tanchangya
General Secretary, MfPFLR
28. Mr. Goutam Kumar Chakma Member, CHT Regional Council
29. Mr. Mangal Kumar Chakma Ex-Advisor, Hill Tracts NGO Forum

30. Mr. Devasish Chakma Hill Tracts NGO Forum
31. Ms. Manisha Talukdar Hill Tracts NGO Forum
32. Ms. Hima Chakma Hill Tracts NGO Forum
33. Mr. Bablu Chakma Hill Tracts NGO Forum
34. Mr. Binoy L Chakma Accountant, HTNF
35. Mr. Sudipta Chakma Hill Tracts NGO Forum
36. Mr. Binoy Chakma Hill Tracts NGO Forum
37. Mr. Dipujjal Khisa Hill Tracts NGO Forum
38. Mr. Suchitra Kr. Chakma
39. Mr. Goutam Dewan Convenor, Movement for Protection of
Forest and Land Rights
40. Mr. Shanti Moy Chakma CHT Correspondent, The Bangladesh
Observer
41. Mr. Ahmad Mia Karbari, Jagrabil Mouza
42. Md. Jamal Uddin Abas. R., Giridarpan, Rangamati
43. Mr. Supriyo Chakma Prothom Alo
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Participants List of Bandarban Hill District
Name Designation and Organization
1. Mr. Ali Ahmed Global Mission, Bandarban
2. Mr. Zumlian Amlai Chairperson, MfPFLR
3. Mr. Ching Hla Mong Chak, Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati
Samity
4. Mr. Ranglai Mro Mro-Chet, Bandarban
5. Ms. Meyo Ching Hill Women Fedreation, Bandaraban
6. Mr. Paul Dhamanik TYMU, Bandarban
7. Mr. Dendoha Jolai Tripura HTNF Bandarban District Committee
8. Mr. Mong Thoai Ching Secretary, Headmen Association,
Bandarban
9. Mr. L Dhalian Community Advancement Forum
10. Sugata Chakma Mro-Chet
11. Pre Pong Mro Mro-Chet
12. Sawpan Chak Chetana
13. Sahlafrue Marma Eco Development
14. Md. Zahangir Alam N Z Ekata Mohila Samity, Lama,
Bandarban

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Participants List of Khagrachari Hill District
Name Designation and Organization
1. Mr. Bishwa Kalyan Chakma UP Chairmen Association, Khagrachari
2. Ms. Jarita Chakma President, Parbattya Chattagram
Mahila Samity
3. Mr. Kanak Baran Tripura Zabarang Kalyan Samity, Khagrachari
4. Mr. Ashok Kumar Chakma Trinamul Unnayan Sangstha,
Khagrachari
5. Mr. Bakul Chandra Chakma Jumma Refugee Welfare Association
6. Mr. Mong Kya Sing RLT
7. Mr. Sakti Pada Tripura President, Headmen Association,
Khagrachari
8. Mr. Chandra Kiran Tripura Representative of Rubber Planter
9. Mr. Mukta Ranjan Chakma Humanity Welfare Association
10. Chai Thowai Marma President/Chief Executive, BRAPA
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Participants List of Dhaka
Name Designation and Organization
1. Mr. Hussain Sahid Sumon Programme Office, HR-GG, PSU-
RDE/Danida
2. Mr. Intiaz Mahmud Researcher, Queens University, Belfast,
United Kingdom

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Kapaeeng
An Indigenous People’s Human Rights Organization of Bangladesh
‘Kapaeeng’ is a term derived from indigenous Khumi language, meaning
‘Rights’. Kapaeeng is a human rights organization, which was established in 2003
with the view to working for promotion and protection of the rights of
indigenous peoples of the country. As it knows that the indigenous peoples
being the most vulnerable sect within the country are always neglected and
victims of various human rights violations. They are deprived of basic rights
guaranteed by the constitution of the State and international legal instruments.
So it is committed to help the victimized indigenous peoples by providing legal
supports and other substantive assistances.

It is originally a Dhaka base organization. Some trainings and workshops have
already been conducted by Kapaeeng jointly with some organizations. It has also
observed some internationally recognized days including World Human Rights
Day and International Mother Language Day. Kapaeeng is aiming at establishing
a strong network and working closely with organizations and individuals
working on indigenous peoples issues and rights in local, national and
international levels.
Taungya
(An organization for Indigenous Culture, Environment & Socio-Economic
Advancement)
The word “Taungya” is rooted in the traditional culture of all the indigenous
peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts. It is related to the Marma word “ya”,
Tripura word “gaireng” and the Chakma and Tanchangya word, “taung”, all of
which are related to the culture of swidden or jum-cultivating societies. Today, in
agro-forestry technology, “Taungya” is also the name given to the system of
raising tree plantations through an innovation to the swidden or jum method of
agriculture.
Taungya was formed in 1995 as an unincorporated body. It was called the
Committee for the Protection of Indigenous Culture. The primary focus was on
indigenous culture because it was felt that the cultural fabric of indigenous
society was being threatened by external interventions that were not in
conformity with the rights, needs, and aspirations of the peoples of the
Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). Later the scope of the organization was broadened
to include the themes of development and environment, thereby also employing
a wider perspective on indigenous culture. The organization was also renamed
Taungya, and was finally registered with the Department of Social Welfare in
1998 and with the NGO Affairs Bureau in 2001. All the General Council and
Executive Committee Members are voluntary members of the organization.
Taungya Executive Council has 11(eleven) members headed by Raja Devasish
Roy. Taungya’s general council consists of 42 members.
The major objective of Taungya includes the following:
(i) The protection and preservation of indigenous culture and knowledge
systems; (ii) The preservation of the environment, the protection of the rights of
indigenous peoples, including women and children; and (iii) The achievement of
educational and socio-economic advancement by all, and in particular, by
disadvantaged communities.
Target Group: Its main target groups belong to the disadvantaged sections of
CHT society, especially those living in the remote and semi-remote areas.
Working Areas and Experience: At present Taungya is working with Danida for
VCF Project (Protection of Village Common Forest in the CHTs) in Barkal,
Longadu and Rangamati Sadar Upazila. Taungya is also the partner of CHTDF,
UNDP for Community Empowerment Project (CEP) for Bilaichari Upazila. A
solar-powered household electricity project has facilitated by installation of 15

solar-powered units at Digholibag village under Sadar upazilla of Rangamati
district with LGED funded by UNDP.
Taungya worked with WFP in support of RMP (Rural Road Maintenance
Programme) and VGD (Vulnerable Group Development Programme). Taungya
also participated in the CHOLEN (CHTs Children opportunities for Learning
Enhancement) in Partnership with CARE-BANGLADESH, which was come to
end in December 2004.
Other major activities done by Taungya are publication of Books, indigenous arts
and crafts articles of historical value, literary material, photographs, audio and
videotapes (continuing).
Series of workshop, Mosquito net distribution and free medical service
Maleya
(An associate organisation for develoment agencies)
Maleya has formed in 2003 mainly aimed to facilitate the capacity raising process
of CHT NGOs. MALEYA’s major strategic objectives include the strengthening
of the capacities of major development and human rights actors of the CHT
region, such as rural communities, local NGOs, community-based organizations,
people’s organizations, and mass-based organizations, among others.