qarTuli saero da sasuliero mravalxmianobis urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb
qarTuli saero da sasuliero mravalxmianobis urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb
qarTuli saero da sasuliero mravalxmianobis urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb
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430<br />
marika marika marika marika marika ositaSvili<br />
ositaSvili<br />
ositaSvili<br />
ositaSvili<br />
ositaSvili<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> <strong>mravalxmianobis</strong><br />
<strong>mravalxmianobis</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTkavSiris</strong> <strong>urTierTkavSiris</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
<strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
mravalxmianoba qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTadi maxasia-<br />
Tebelia <strong>da</strong> cxadia, rom CvenSi qristianobasTan erTad Semosuli sagalobeli<br />
erovnuli musikalur-sametyvelo sistemis ganuyofel nawilad iqca.<br />
miT umetes, rom marTmadideblobam erTiani kanonikis farglebSi yvela<br />
morwmune ers SeunarCuna TviTmyofadobis gamoxatvis, SemoqmedebiTi<br />
niWis gamovlenis formebi ufalTan mimarTebis yvela sferoSi.<br />
qristianulma galobam organulad SeiTvisa jer kidev warmarTobi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
momdinare sakulto-saritualo sagalobelTa mravalxmianoba. m. xvTisiaSvilma<br />
marTebulad SeniSna rom, pirvel yovlisa, samxmiani swored<br />
warmarTuli sagalobeli iqnebo<strong>da</strong>. amis safuZvels mkvlevari xe<strong>da</strong>vs<br />
aramarto cnobil musikalur atributebSi, aramed uZvelesi <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />
warmarTuli panTeonis centrSi amozrdil sakralur tria<strong>da</strong>Si, wmin<strong>da</strong><br />
samebis am TaursaxeSi, romelic TavisTavad ganapirobeb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong><br />
mis<strong>da</strong>mi aRvlenili galobis specifikas, saxmianobiT warmoCenils<br />
(xvTisiaSvili, 1993:51).<br />
marTlac, wina qristianul periodSi, rodesac Tavi iCines monoTeisturma<br />
tendenciebma, RvTaebaTa gamaerTianebel saxed mogvevlina mze –<br />
RvTaebaTa erTianobis simbolo. swored monoTeistur etaps ukavSirdeba<br />
is warmodgenebi, romelTa Tanaxmad erTi mze-RmerTi sam-mze<strong>da</strong>a hipostasirebuli:<br />
mze – puradobisa, mze – mamacobisa <strong>da</strong> mze – nadirobis mfarveli<br />
(`Tofosnobisa~). aSkarad Cans, rogor iyrian Tavs calkeuli RvTaebebi<br />
`erTarseba <strong>da</strong> samsaxovan~ mze-RvTaebaSi (siraZe, 1978:32-33). mze,<br />
romelic mZlavrad figurirebs qarTul folklorsa Tu xalxur arqiteqturaSi,<br />
Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan Seerwya qristianul astralur simbolikas <strong>da</strong> aseve xSirad<br />
Cndeba qristianul taZarTa arqiteqturul dekorSi, ferweraSi, agiografiaSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, himnografiaSi.<br />
neoplatonizmi, romlis erT-erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli ioane<br />
petriwia, aRiareb<strong>da</strong> `orgvar sibrZnes~ – warmarTulsa <strong>da</strong> qristianuls,<br />
maT morigebas cdilob<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> amiT safuZvels umzadeb<strong>da</strong> iseT didmniSvnelovan<br />
movlenas, rogoric renesansia. ioane petriwi <strong>qarTuli</strong> renesansis<br />
mekvled gvevlineba. aRiareb<strong>da</strong> ra `ormag sibrZnes~, es udidesi<br />
moazrovne warmarTulisa <strong>da</strong> qristianulis gamTlianebas musikis sferoSi<br />
cdilob<strong>da</strong>; gamomdinare aqe<strong>da</strong>n, man naTeli mohfina ara mxolod <strong>sasuliero</strong><br />
musikis, aramed zoga<strong>da</strong>d erovnuli musikaluri cnobierebis dialeqtikas<br />
(fircxalava, 2003:109).<br />
IX-X saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>iwyo <strong>qarTuli</strong> himnografiis aRzeveba. XI-XII<br />
saukuneebSi, <strong>qarTuli</strong> renesansis epoqaSi, cxovrebis yvela sfero arnaxuli<br />
erovnuli aRmavlobiT aRiniSna. xelovnebis yvela <strong>da</strong>rgSi – arqiteqturaSi,<br />
oqromWedlobaSi, kedlis mxatrobaSi Seiqmna gasaocari<br />
nimuSebi, <strong>da</strong>iwera `vefxistyaosani~, S. aslaniSvilis azriT swored am<br />
periods ganekuTvneba `Cakrulo~. cxadia, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> sagalobelic<br />
umaRles ganviTarebas miaRwev<strong>da</strong>. zemoT aRvniSneT, rom qristianuli
431<br />
sagalobeli <strong>saero</strong> musikis wiaRSi gamoikveTa. Tan<strong>da</strong>TanobiT qarTulma<br />
<strong>sasuliero</strong> musikam gamoimuSava sakuTari xelwera <strong>da</strong> wm. samebiT STagonebuli<br />
<strong>da</strong> gasxivosnebuli sagalobeli garkveulwilad TviTon axden<strong>da</strong><br />
gavlenas <strong>saero</strong> musikalur Semoqmedebaze. es iyo sruliad bunebrivi<br />
procesi, gansakuTrebiT XI-XII saukuneebisTvis, rodesac qarTulma sagalobelma<br />
ganviTarebis apogeas miaRwia. `Cakrulos~ tipis simRerebSi<br />
aSkarad igrZnoba `amaRlebulis~ sidiade, agrerigad <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
aRmosavluri qristianuli renesansuli xelovnebisTvis. gavixsenoT,<br />
rom Tu antikis ZiriTadi kategoria `mSvenierebaa~, Sua saukuneebisTvis<br />
aseTad `amaRlebuli~ iTvleba. amaRlebuli ganc<strong>da</strong> ki Tan axlavs `Cakrulosa~<br />
<strong>da</strong> misi msgavsi simRerebis Sesrulebas.<br />
mravalsaukunovani Tanaarsebobis manZilze sagalobeli <strong>da</strong> xalxuri<br />
simRera zegavlenas axdendnen erTmaneTze, avsebdnen, amdidrebdnen,<br />
Tavis ganumeorebel madls scxebdnen erTmaneTs. cnobili mgaloblebi<br />
imavdroulad xalxuri simRerebis ubadlo Semsruleblebic iyvnen. erTi<br />
mxriv, `mefi<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong>wyobili ukanasknel glexkacamde yoveli galob<strong>da</strong><br />
eklesiaSi~, meore mxriv ki, `yovel mejliszed Tu dids ojaxebSi, jer<br />
un<strong>da</strong> saeklesio galobiT <strong>da</strong>mtkbariyvnen, mere <strong>saero</strong> simReriT~ (karbelaSvili,<br />
1898: 29-30). saqarTveloSi eklesiis gareT, ojaxSi sagaloblis<br />
Sesrulebis tradicia XX saukunis 80-ian wlebSic aris <strong>da</strong>fiqsirebuli<br />
(SilakaZe, 2001:164).<br />
yovelTvis maintereseb<strong>da</strong>, rogor mRerodnen cnobili mgaloblebi<br />
xalxur simRerebs, ramdenad icvlebo<strong>da</strong> am dros maTi saSemsruleblo<br />
manera, rogor Sehqon<strong>da</strong>T maT xalxur simReraSi (qvecnobierad Tu Segnebulad)<br />
mxolod sagaloblisTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli idumali JReradoba,<br />
kavSiri miwasa <strong>da</strong> zecas Soris, maradiulobasTan wilnayari emociuri<br />
wyoba.<br />
moxsenebis farglebSi mxolod Zmeb karbelaSvilebs Sevexebi. maT<br />
ojaxSi wmin<strong>da</strong>d iyo <strong>da</strong>culi galobis saukuneobrivi tradiciebi. vasil<br />
karbelaSvilis krebulebma `mwuxrma~ <strong>da</strong> `ciskarma~ mSvenivrad Semogvinaxa<br />
qarTl-kaxuri galobis mdi<strong>da</strong>ri intonaciuri samyaro, naTeli warmodgena<br />
Segviqmna <strong>qarTuli</strong> rva xmis sistemaze. aranakleb sayuradReboa<br />
Zmebis mosazrebebi zoga<strong>da</strong>d <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> musikis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong>.<br />
metad sainteresoa maT pirad arqivebSi <strong>da</strong>culi masalac. swored am<br />
ukanasknelSia Semonaxuli xalxuri simRerebis Canawerebi, romelTa <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
p. karbelaSvili wers: `pirvelSi samRvdeloebam <strong>saero</strong> kiloebs mouwyo<br />
saqristiano sagalobelni (teqsti). amis ueWvel sabuTs xelSi gvaZleven<br />
dRevandeli <strong>saero</strong> simRerebi, romelnic pirveliTganve dednad Seqmnilan<br />
anu safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>sdebian saeklesio sagaloblebs~. amgvar <strong>saero</strong> kiloebad<br />
Cven vracxavT dRes – `yurSao~, `RmerTo, RmerTo mowyaleo~, `Sa-<br />
Svi kakabi~, `bedzed <strong>da</strong>gnatri baraTo~, `va Sen, Cemo TeTro bato ~, `dideba~<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva mravals~ (karbelaSvili, 1898:28-29). naSromis bolo furcelze<br />
p. karbelaSvili warmogvidgens or sagalobels (`Sen gigalobT~, `mamasa<br />
<strong>da</strong> Zesa~) <strong>da</strong> maT dednebad wodebul or simReras (`vinca kacia~, `bedzed<br />
<strong>da</strong>gnatri baraTo~; ix. mag. 1).<br />
aRniSnulis <strong>Sesaxeb</strong> i. javaxiSvili wer<strong>da</strong>: `saeklesio <strong>da</strong> <strong>saero</strong> hangebis<br />
msgavseba TavisTavad imis <strong>da</strong>majerebel sabuTad ver gamodgeba,<br />
TiTqos maTgan ufro xnierad <strong>da</strong> amis gamo de<strong>da</strong>n-hangad yovelTvis
432<br />
marika ositaSvili<br />
ueWvelad <strong>saero</strong> simReris hangi un<strong>da</strong> vicnaT. TviToeuli aseTi debuleba<br />
un<strong>da</strong> musikis TvalsazrisiTac <strong>da</strong> Sinaars-sityvebis mxrivac ganxilul<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mtkicebul iqnas~ (javaxiSvili, 1990:10).<br />
i. javaxiSvilma Caatara simRerebis Sinaarsisa <strong>da</strong> teqstis analizi<br />
<strong>da</strong> aRniSna, rom p. karbelaSvilis msjeloba saeklesio galobis upiratesi<br />
gavlenis <strong>da</strong>sabuTebisTvis ufro gamodgeba, vidre piriqiT. me<br />
sruliad veTanxmebi udides mecniers, radgan musikaluri Tvalsazrisi-<br />
Tac igive suraTi ixateba. aSkaraa sagaloblis gavlena simReraze. mxedvelobaSi<br />
maqvs intonaciuri, harmoniuli, metrul-ritmuli mxare, melodiis<br />
mdore ganviTareba, saka<strong>da</strong>nso nagebobebi, Si<strong>da</strong>marcvlovani SemRereba,<br />
xmaTasvlis principebi, muxlebis akinZvis wesi. amis Tqmis uflebas<br />
mxolod aRniSnuli ori magaliTi rodi maZlevs, aramed v. karbelaSvilis<br />
pirad fondSi <strong>da</strong>culi xalxuri simRerebic: `vinca kacia~ <strong>da</strong><br />
`bedzed <strong>da</strong>gnatri baraTo~-s sruli variantebi, `RmerTo, RmerTo mowyaleo~,<br />
`SaSvi kakabi~, `me var <strong>da</strong> Cemi nabadi~, `vai Sen, Cemo TeTro bato~,<br />
`gafrindi Savo mercxalo~ <strong>da</strong> ramdenime usaTauro xalxuri simRera<br />
(karbelaSvili, p. f. 264). musikalur <strong>da</strong>narTSi bolo ori simReris fragmentuli<br />
variantis gar<strong>da</strong>, yvela sruli saxiT aris warmodgenili (ix. mag.<br />
2-9).<br />
rogorc cnobilia, v. karbelaSvili `ciskris~ SesavalSi iZleva ramdenime<br />
Wrelis nimuSs: Cabaneba, ulxine, oini, Wrelsa<strong>da</strong>gi <strong>da</strong> noini. me<br />
mxolod ulxineze vamaxvileb yuradRebas, radgan mas bolo ori simReris<br />
pirveli xmis melodiuri naxazi emTxveva (ix. mag. 10).<br />
karbelaSvilebis mier Cawerili xalxuri simRerebi aSkarad sagalobelTa<br />
zegavlenas ganicdian <strong>da</strong> Semdegs a<strong>da</strong>stureben: <strong>sasuliero</strong><br />
mravalxmianoba <strong>saero</strong> <strong>mravalxmianobis</strong> wiaRSi gamoikveTa, magram Semdgom<br />
TviT axden<strong>da</strong> zegavlenas xalxur mravalxmianobaze <strong>da</strong> amiT mxolod<br />
aRamaRleb<strong>da</strong> mas. gavixsenoT, rom rusTavelmac aamaRla <strong>saero</strong> poeziis<br />
mniSvneloba, roca igi `saRvTod~ gamoacxa<strong>da</strong>. kidev erTxel vrwmundebiT,<br />
rom aRmosavleTs zeca uyvar<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> miwierSic zeciur simboloebs<br />
Wvret<strong>da</strong> – warmavalSi maradiuls eZeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amgvarad, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> mravalxmianoba, iseve rogorc<br />
zoga<strong>da</strong>d <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> saeklesio kultura, erTian harmoniur sxeuls<br />
warmoadgens <strong>da</strong> Tavisi maRalmxatvruli RirebulebiTa <strong>da</strong> wmin<strong>da</strong> samebis<br />
miaxloebiTi msgavsebiT Rirseul adgils ikavebs msoflio civilizaciis<br />
istoriaSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>mowmebuli literatura<br />
karbelaSvili, vasil. xelnaweri sagaloblebi <strong>da</strong> xalxuri simRerebi. inaxeba<br />
saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis k.kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutSi.<br />
v.karbelaSvilis piradi fondi 264.<br />
karbelaSvili, vasil. (1898). qarTl-kaxuri galoba `karbelaanT kiloTi~. ciskari.<br />
tfilisi: cnobis furceli.<br />
karbelaSvili, polievqtos. (1898). <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> kiloebi. istoriuli<br />
mimoxilva. tfilisi: stamba eq. iv. xelaZisa.
<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>saero</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>sasuliero</strong> <strong>mravalxmianobis</strong><br />
<strong>urTierTkavSiris</strong> <strong>Sesaxeb</strong><br />
433<br />
siraZe, revaz. (1978). <strong>qarTuli</strong> esTetikuri azris istorii<strong>da</strong>n. Tbilisi: xelovneba.<br />
fircxalava, nino. (2003) petriwis filosofia <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianoba. krebulSi:<br />
rusu<strong>da</strong>n wurwumia, ioseb Jor<strong>da</strong>nia (red.). tradiciuli <strong>mravalxmianobis</strong><br />
pirveli saerTaSoriso simpoziumi. moxsenebebi. gv. 109-126. Tbilisis saxelmwifo<br />
konservatoriis tradiciuli <strong>mravalxmianobis</strong> kvlevis saerTaSoriso<br />
centri. (qarTul <strong>da</strong> inglisur enebze).<br />
SilakaZe, manana. (2001). qristianuli musikaluri kultura <strong>da</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> sagaloblebis<br />
Sesrulebis xalxuri tradicia. krebulSi: SilakaZe, m., bubulaSvili,<br />
e., RambaSiZe n. (red.). <strong>qarTuli</strong> saeklesio galoba. eri <strong>da</strong> tradicia. samecniero<br />
konferenciis moxsenebebi. gv. 163-172. Tbilisi: mematiane (reziume rusul<br />
<strong>da</strong> inglisur enebze).<br />
xvTisiaSvili, manana. (1993). <strong>qarTuli</strong> kantata <strong>da</strong> oratoria. disertacia xelovnebaTmcodneobis<br />
kandi<strong>da</strong>tis samecniero xarisxis mosapoveblad.<br />
javaxiSvili, ivane. (1990). <strong>qarTuli</strong> musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi. Tbilisi:<br />
xelovneba.
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 1. vinca kacia<br />
EXAMPLE 1. Vintsa Katsia<br />
Sen gigalobT<br />
Shen Gigalobt<br />
437
438<br />
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
bedzed <strong>da</strong>gnatri, baraTo<br />
Bedzed Dagnatri, Barato<br />
mamasa <strong>da</strong> Zesa<br />
Mamasa <strong>da</strong> Dzesa
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 2. vinca kacia<br />
EXAMPLE 2. Vintsa Katsia<br />
439
440<br />
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 3. bedzed <strong>da</strong>gnatri, baraTo<br />
EXAMPLE 3. Bedzed Dagnatri, Barato
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 4. RmerTo, RmerTo mowyaleo<br />
EXAMPLE 4. Ghmerto, Ghmerto Motsqaleo<br />
441
442<br />
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 5. SaSvi – kakabi<br />
EXAMPLE 5. Shasvi – Kakabi<br />
magaliTi 6. vai Sen, Cemo TeTro bato<br />
EXAMPLE 6. Vai Shen, Chemo Tetro bato
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 7. usaTauro xalxuri simRera<br />
EXAMPLE 7. Nameless folk song<br />
magaliTi 8. usaTauro xalxuri simRera<br />
EXAMPLE 8. Nameless folk song<br />
443
444<br />
marika ositaSvili. <strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>narTi<br />
Marika Ositashvili. APPENDIX<br />
magaliTi 9. me var <strong>da</strong> Cemi nabadi<br />
EXAMPLE 9. Me Var Da Chemi Nabadi<br />
magaliTi 10. ulxine<br />
EXAMPLE 10. Ulkhine
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