“orbni, arwivni...” - Reso Kiknadze

I
Wkuis simZime
“orbni, arwivni...”
zurab kiknaZe
am aTiode wlis winaT varaudi gamovTqvi akakis mxridan ilias
“gandegilis” mimarT ~faruli polemikis” Taobaze [kiknaZe 1990:56-62] 1.
saubari iyo jer poemis eqspoziciaze (gandegilis sadgomis aRwera), mere
misi usaxelo gmiris marcxzeAda gabriel salosis apoTeosze da,
Sesabamisad, ~gandegilis” tragikul (~gatialebis sibilwe”) da ~Tornike
erisTavis” imedian dasasrulze (cisartyela) 2, sazogadod, kontrastul
paralelizmze or poemas Soris. SegviZlia daveWvdeT am ~polemikis”
realobaSi, ramdenadac es ori poema erTdoulad iwereboda. Semonaxulia
cnoba, rom iliam 1883 wlis 6 Tebervals daamTavra ~gandegilis” wera da
8 Tebervals waikiTxa daviT sarajiSvilis saxlSi. martis dasawyisSi ki
poema daibeWda ~iveriaSi” da imave TveSi calke wignadac gamovida
[gorgaZe-gurgeniZe:131].
akaki ~Tornike erisTavs” imave 1883 wlis martis Sua ricxvebSi
gazeT “droebis” redaqciaSi kiTxulobs. 1884 wels ki, ~gandegilis”
dabeWdvidan weliwadnaxevris Semdeg, calke wignad aqveynebs [gurgeniZegorgaZe
1989:161, 166]. aqac garkveuli qronologiuri paralelizmia.
akakis naTqvami ilia zurabiSvilisTvis, ~yovel SemTxvevaSi, me ase
ar davwerdio” [zurabiSvili:382], mainc da mainc damajereblad ar
gamoiyureba. ~orbni, arwivni ver Sehxebian” akakim hiperbolad CauTvala
ilias 3, Tavad ki aranakleb miuwvdomel simaRleze 4 miuCina bina Tavis
berebs:
1 igive statia sxva saTauriT (~gandegilebi”) daibeWda statiebis krebulSi “avTandilis
anderZi” [kiknaZe 2001:38-48].
2 Tumca iliam ~aCrdili” cisartyelis imediani xilviT daasrula, romelsac ocdaoTxi
wlis Semdeg ~Tornike erisTavis” dasasruli Seexmiana.
3 am adgilis kritika, aleqsandre abaSelis gadmocemiT, akakis axalgazrda poetebis
sazogadoebaSic gamouTqvams: “ai, aseT miukarebel adgils kacic misula, monasteric
gamouqvabavs da cxovrobda Turme Sig... ase rom, arwivebisTvis arc ise miuwvdomeli
iqneboda is adgili, rogorc avtori agviwers gadametebuli gazviadebiT...” [abaSeli:20].
4 hiperbola, maRali mTebis aRwerisas, miT umetes, roca sivrce sakralobas ukavSirdeba,
rogorc Cans aucdenelia. gavixsenoT, Tundac, puSkinis (“Монастырь на Кавказе”) _
“Высоко над семьею гор,
Казбек, твой царственный шатер
Сияет вечными лучами.
Твой монастырь за облаками,
Как в небе реющий ковчег,
Парит, чуть видный, над горами”.
an “Тучи смиренно идут подо мною” (“Кавказ”).
1

Rrubelze maRla, orbis sabudars,
arCveb-jixvebis maRal samTavros,
wminda mamebsa gamouqvabavsT
kldeSi saxlebi odesme, erT dros...
or aRweras Soris gansxvaveba minimaluria. iliasac SeeZlo, Tu ar
daizarebda, esayvedura akakisTvis, romel orbs gaukeTebia Rrublebze
maRla sabudario... miuwvdomlobaSi akaki kidev ufro Sors midis, roca
~gamzrdelSi~ facxis mdebareobas aRwers: ~mTis mwvervalze, cis
maxloblad, // mercxlis buded raRac moCans...// is facxaa”. es profanuli
facxa sakralur sivrceSia gadatanili (rogorc puSkinis “как в небе
реющий ковчег”) 5 . ilia zurabiSvili erTgvari guldawyvetiT wers, rom
akakis swored es striqonebi ar gauxsena, sadac, misi TqmiT, ~ilias
suraTis gamoZaxili [aq] ufro ismis, Tumca ara zviadobiT, rogorc
~gandegilSio” [zurabiSvili:383]. TiTqos akakis iliasadmi sasayveduro
araferi unda hqonoda, magram aseTi Sefaseba mis axirebul bunebas unda
mivaweroT, ramac vaJa-fSavelas enisadmi mis usamarTlo da arcTu gasageb
sayvedurSic iCina Tavi 6.
zurabiSvilma iliasTvis Tavisi mosarCleobiT amgvari Sefaseba
~gamostyua” akakis: ~mSvenieria, _ Tqva akakim, _ gana me ar vici, roca
iliko moindomebs, yvelafers lamazad ityviso. magram dameTanxme, aqac
cota ar iyos, WkuiT damZimebuli sinazeao” 7 [zurabiSvili:384]. Tu ~orbni,
arwivni ver Sehxebian” gaumarTlebeli hiperbola iyo, am pasaJSi nakli
zedmeti Wkua, WkuiT poeziis zedmetad damZimeba aRmoCnda. ilias Wkua ki
sayovelTaod cnobili iyo. sxva sakiTxia, SeuZlia Tu ara SeinarCunos
sinaze saganma an movlenam, romelic damZimebulia rameTi, Tundac, WkuiT.
im idiliur aRweraSi yvelaferi mSvenieria, magram es zedmeti Wkua, akakis
azriT, qvedamzidvelia. Tumca xSirad akaki qveyanaSi swored Wkuis
deficitze naRvlobs (~sjobs, mTebSi vsZebnoT // is Wkua marad, // romelic
Cven dRes // davkargeT barad!”). is metad saWiroa, edemis baRis Rirsic ki
aris, magram mainc xelsawyoa (~sawyo-iaraRi”), romelic pragmatul
saukuneSi mxolod yofiTi, damiwebuli miznebisTvis aris gamosayenebeli.
Wkua qvedamzidvelia da swored amitom aris is esoden sasurveli
wuTisoflis asparezze. poeziis suli ki aRmafrenaa.
sibrZne, Wkua da goneba
qveynad edemis baRia,
swavla da gamocdileba
sul sawyo-iaraRia.
5 rac savsebiT Seesatyviseba ~rTul cxovrebis uarmyof” mis binadars, romelic bedma
“ganasxvava, viT rCeuli”.
6 grigol robaqiZis cnobiT, akakis ~SeeZlo yvelas gakilva da yvelafris gaqirdva”,
Tumca dasZens: “RvarZli ar hqonia” [robaqiZe:56].
7 gulisxmobs im adgils ~gandegilidan|, sadac ceclis piras miZinebuli mwyemsi qalis
saxea aRwerili.
2

magram poets ar akmayofilebs pirobiTobis warmavali asparezi,
sadac gzis gakvleva am oTxi niWis meoxebiT aris SesaZlebeli. poeti
absoluturi realobisken miiswrafis, sadac mgzavrs verc erTi am
oTxTagan _ verc a) amqveyniuri sibrZne, verc b) Wkua-goneba, verc g)
swavla da verc d) gamocdileba ver gahyveba. ufro meti, es
~instrumentebi” TovliviT dneba im zRurblTan. ~qebaTa qebaSi”, erT-erT
leqsSi imaTTagan, sadac WeSmariti poezia ubrundeba Tavis Tavs, akaki
laparakobs aRmafrenaze da saidumloze, da im realobaze, romelic
Seucnobelia, radgan ~Wkua scdeba da styua”. meterlinki erTgan wers, rom
sityvebi adamianma Seqmna cxovrebis Cveulebrivi saWiroebisTvis. azri
dReisaTvis banaluria, Tumca amis gamo mas WeSmariteba ar akldeba.
davumatebdi mxolod: adamianma Seqmna Wkviani sityvebi da kvlav cdilobs
kidev ufro meti siWkviane Sehmatos maT, raTa advilad gaikvlios gza
wuTisofelSi racionaluri da Wkvianuri miznebis ukeT misaRwevad 8.
meterlinki ganagrZobs: ~isini (es sityvebi, z.k.) ubedurni,
mosvenebadakargulni da gancvifrebulni arian, rogorc xelmwifis taxts
garSemoxveulni, drodadro romelime mefuri sulis mier moxmobili
mawanwalebi” [meterlinki:70].
II
winaswarmetyveli
da kvlav:
kita abaSiZis eseSi ~ilia da akaki” vkiTxulobT:
saerTo Tviseba, arsebiTi xasiaTi ilias da akakis mwerlobisa aris
moZRvreba da winaswarmetyveleba 9, _ Cven xazs vusvamT am sityvebs...
[abaSiZe:517]
maT CangSi gaisma pirvelad mZlavri da momxiblavi winaswarmetyveleba da
moZRvreba... Cven RvTiv kurTxeul moZRvrebs Sublzed aqvT mkafiod
gamosaxuli sxivosani Saravandedi moZRvrisa da winaswarmetyvelisa...
[abaSiZe:519].
es aspeqti iliasa da akakis Semoqmedebisa, misi profetuli mxare,
yuradRebis gareSe darCaT Semdegdroindel avtorebs, Tumca is mkveTrad
aris gamoxatuli ori poetis ara mxolod SemoqmedebaSi. maTi
mniSvneloba scildeba sityvieri Semoqmedebis sferos. akaki Tavs
8 magram aRwevs mizans? Wkvianuri sityvebisa da ufro Wkvianuri cnebebis uZlurebas
WeSmaritebis gamoxatvaSi amxels nicSe erT-erT Tavis naklebad cnobil eseSi. sityvebs,
misi TqmiT, ~aranamdvilis namdvilad gasaReba” evaleba, cnebas ki _ ~araigiveobrivis
gaigiveba” [nicSe:194,195].
9 ~moZRvreba” da ~winaswarmetyveleba” anu rjuli (Torah) da winaswarmetyvelni (nebiim)
Zveli aRTqmis fuZemdebluri wignebia. avtori araorazrovnad Cvens poetebs bibliis
doneze ganixilavs.
3

ganicdida simon moxucebulad. ilia ki werda: `me ca mniSnavs”. TiTqos
ukana planzea gadatanili poetis, rogorc poetis (mesityvis), rogorc
esTeturi samyaros Semqmnelis, funqcia. sad aris poetis samSoblo? caSi,
upasuxebs poeti. da ca arsebiTad winaswarmetyvelis samSobloa.
unda iTqvas, rom winaswarmetyveli mainc da mainc ar gulisxmobs
momavlis winaswarWvretas, xilvas imisa, rac jer ar momxdara da amis
gamocxadebas xalxisTvis, romelic awmyozea dabmuli. Tavisi
daniSnulebiT winaswarmetyveli aris is adamiani, romelic swored
awmyos, romlis namdvili saxe dafarulia demosisTvis, ganWvrets; awmyos
naWuWSi xedavs momavlis nayofs. winaswarmetyveli aris mRviZarebis
suli, romelic xedavs, rom qveyanas sZinavs da mowodebulia mis
gamosaRviZeblad. is aRZrulia istoriis suliT, is xedavs, rom qveyanas
daviwyebuli aqvs Tavisi warsuli da mowodebulia gaaxsenos xalxs
warsuli da misi gakveTilebi; winaswarmetyveli sindisis xmaa, romelic
xedavs qveynis dacemas da mowodebulia dacemulis aRsadgenad. da, rac
mTavaria, winaswarmetyveli ar qadagebs Tavis sakuTar saTqmels, Tavis
Sexedulebebs, Tavis mrwamss; ar sTavazobs gadarCenis erT-erT
SesaZlebel gzas, aramed erTaderTs. is kategoriulia. is acxadebs
WeSmaritebas, romelic ar aris damokidebuli mis pirad gamocdilebaze,
romelic SeiZleba iyos WeSmaritebis wyaroc da sicruis wyaroc.
winaswarmetyveli imasac grZnobs, rom rasac acxadebs, eWvmiutaneli
WeSmaritebaa da rom is namdvilad ar aris saamuri mosasmeni
xalxisTvis, romelic ufro xSirad cru winaswarmetyvels ujerebs. M
winaswarmetyveli acxadebs aucileblobis ZaliT, radgan Tavad
WeSmaritebaa aucilebeli. am gacxadebiT is safrTxeSi igdebs Tavs, ufro
meti, mas sicocxlis fasad ujdeba WeSmaritebis gacxadeba, magram is
iZulebelia acxadebdes, da xSirad ganwiruli sicocxle WeSmaritebis
erTaderTi dasturia. winaswarmetyvelis mowodeba mxilebaa. is ar epueba
ama qveynis ZlierT da pirSi axlis simarTles, radgan Cveni poetis
sityvebiT SeuZlia Tqvas: “sul sxva hyavs xelisufali am Cem goneba-
grZnobasa”; profetuli suli winaswarmetyvelisTvis Seuvali
avtoritetia da ar Zalucs winaaRmdegoba gauwios mas. aris aseve
dumilis moraluri SeuZlebloba. misi ara mxolod pirovneba _ guligoneba
(maT erTianobaSi) _ aris avsili saTqmeliT, aramed mTeli misi
fizikuri arsebac, misi sxeuli, sxeulis Sigani, nawlavebi iwvis
saTqmeliT. ufro metic: misi Zvlebi gamsmWvalulia WeSmaritebiT, Zvlebi,
romelic TiTqos adamianis sxeulis mxolod nivTieri nawilia. “Zvlebis
cecxli” ar aris metafora, is ontologiuri Zalisaa, yoveli
winaswarmetyvelis Sinagani gamocdilebis faqtia.
winaswarmetyvelis iaraRi sityvaa, is molaparake (jer RmerTTan,
mere xalxTan) arsebaa. magram sityvac ar yofila aucilebeli. aris
SemTxveva, roca sityva ar gadis, aravin usmens sityvas, winaswarmetyveli
mdumared asrulebs Tavis misias. ieremiam qedze daido uReli da ase
dadioda xalxSi imis saCveneblad, rom Seqmnil istoriul viTarebaSi
eris xsna morCilebaSi mdgomareobda. eri unda damorCileboda babilonis
uRels, winaaRmeg SemTxvevaSi ers tyveoba emuqreboda, rogorc moxda.
4

isini mzad arian sakuTar Tavze miiRon WeSmaritebis mTeli simZime,
romlis tvirTva amqveynad aravis surs. winaswarmetyveli Tavisi qceviT,
Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT da cxovrebis aRsasruliT iZleva magaliTs.
es momxdara Cvens istoriaSi.
III
cis rCeuli da Sewiruli
~WkuiT damZimebuli sinaze”. unda vendoT ilia zurabiSvils, rom es
namdvilad akakis sityvebia (~es saubari Zalian kargad damamaxsovrda da
SemiZlia TiTqmis sityva-sityviT aRvadgino”). sinaze aq uTuod poeziis
~tkbil xmaTa” sinonimia. rogor gaiTavisuflos Wkuisgan Tavi poetma,
romelic adamianic aris, maSasadame, Wkviani arseba _ saRi azris mWedeli?
SemboWveli Wkuisgan Tavisufali is mxolod aRmafrenis wamebSia. uWkuo
poetis saxe, SesaZloa, sakuTari portreti _ misi qceva da niri akakim
~poetSi” gadmosca. es paradoqsuli leqsi, romlis sakvanZo frazaa ~arc
miwisa var, arc cisa”, uTuod replikaa ilias mZime da mWedeliviT
mdgradi `poetis” mimarT 10. Tu ilias romelime leqsia damZimebuli
WkuiT, am kerZo SemTxvevaSi, ideologiiT, es ~poetia”. sad aris sinaze,
Tavisufleba, aRmafrena? poets ar scalia aRmafrenisTvis, araTu ~tkbil
xmaTaTvis”. sakiTxavia, ratom ewodeba am leqss ~poeti”, roca aq
Taviseburad gagebuli da sakuTar mrwamss misadagebuli bibliuri
winaswarmetyvelis genealogiaa gadmocemuli 11? netari avgustine wers, rom
adamianis guli RvTis sakurTxevelia, sadac mimdinareobs liturgiuli
procesi, raTa adamiani RmerTamde amaRldes. ~RmerTTan laparaki”
metaforaa, romelic poetis sakralurobas unda aRniSnavdes, anu mis
ganridebulobas yoveli miwierisgan. am ucxoobiT gaZlierebulia misi
legitimaciis xarisxi. is TiTqos mesiaa, romelsac ca niSnavs, Tumca ers
daekisra misi aRzrda. poetma uari Tqva ~garegani frinvelis”
Tavisuflebasa da ~tkbil xmebze” eris tanjvis dasrulebis im
esqatologiur Jamamde, roca is tkbili simReriT moswmends adamianebs
cremls (da maSin daubrundeba Tavis Tavs poezia, an winaswarmetyveli
gaxdeba poeti?). poetis amgvari gageba, dameTanxmebiT, mesianisturia. poeti
mesianisturi da, amdenad, esqatologiuri figuraa. is istoriis bolos
unda gamoCndes. ~da moswmends cremls ufali RmerTi yovel
pirisaxes...” (es. 25:8); ~da moswmends maT RmerTi TvalTagan yvela
cremls” (gam. 7:17). ufali mesiis xeliT akeTebs amas. cremlis mowmenda
Cveni poetis sakvanZo sityvaa, romelic mesianistur moqmedebas gamoxatavs.
mowmenda xsnisa da gamarTleba-Sendobis metaforaa. mesiis molodini ar
10 es aRniSnuli aqvs guram asaTians: “akakis cnobili sityvebi ~arc miwisa var, arc cisa”
_ ukve iliasTan ~Sinaur” polemikas warmoadgenda” [asaTiani 2:323].
11 ori wliT adre “poetis” daweramde, 1858 wels, ilia Targmnis puSkinis
“winaswarmetyvels” (sxvaTa Soris, 23 ivliss, ra dResac puSkinis leqsi daiwera), xolo
imave 1860 wels _ lermontovis `winaswarmetyvels”. ar aris SemTxveviTi agreTve, rom
peterburgul epoqaSi ilias mier Targmnil leqsebs Soris aris goeTes “beda
mqadagebeli” (1857) da valter skotis usaTauro “ra tkbil ars, odes” (1858).
5

stovebs poets. programulia ~poetTan” erTad es leqsi, romelic Tavis
disSvils, yrma gigo abxazs (“g... abx...”) Tavadac yrmam miuZRvna (mogvyavs
mTlianad):
RmerTo!.. akurTxe am yrmisa Zalni,
xalxT samsaxurad mieci Rone,
aRuxsen xedvad mSiSarni Tvalni,
tanjvis nugeSi mas STaagone.
RmerTo!.. mohmadle madli zecisa,
STabere yrmasa Zlieri suli,
raTa Seiqmnes Tavis erisa
moZme erTguli da moyvaruli.
RmerTo!.. Tan sdevde ususurs bavSvsa,
rom dReni ise ar daelios,
minam tanjvisa cremlni Tvis xalxsa
cotaTi mainc man ar moswmindos.
tanjva, cremli, ~sisxlis cremli”, wyluli, nugeSi, ~tanjvis nugeSi”,
~cremli da nugeSi” _ es sityvebi misi mesianisturi leqsikonis
sityvebia 12. amave sityva-konceptebzea agebuli esaias da sxva
winaswarmetyvelTa esqatologiur-mesianisturi diskursebi. ar iyo
SemTxveviTi ~aCrdilis” Tavdapirveli versiis miZRvnaSi (~ZRvna~)
striqonebi:
miiReT, Cemo megobrebo, pirmSo Ze Cemi,
axladSobili nugeSis da imedT momcemi [WavWavaZe 1987:445],
romlebic saboloo versiaSi ratomRac uaryofili iqna, Tumca isini
kargad exmianebian ~qarTvlis dedis” paToss:
erTi Svili myavs, sayvareli da sanatreli,
igia marto Tavis dedis nugeSmcemeli.
~axladSobili” ~pirmSo Ze”, dediserTa Svili, romelzec damyarebulia
saboloo nugeSis esqatologiuri imedebi arcTu SefarviT migvaniSnebs
Tavis pirvelwyaroze 13. aq sayuradRebo isicaa, rom ilia daviT
guramiSvilis kvalze (an misgan damoukideblad) Tavis nawers Svilad,
ufro metic, pirmSod acxadebs, Tumca ~aCrdili” namdvilad ar iyo poetis
12 ilias arcTu mravalricxovan leqsebSi Zalze didia am sityva-konceptebis xvedriTi
wona, vidre akakisTan, romlis poeturi memkvidreoba iliasaze gacilebiT mdidaria (ix.
Tengiz sanikiZe, a) akaki wereTlis poeziis leqsikoni, w. I-II, Tb.: Tsu gam-ba, 1982-1983; b)
ilia WavWavaZis poeziis leqsikoni, Tb.: Tsu gam-ba, 1986).
13 ~qarTvlis deda”... ilias miTopoetur konteqstSi RvTismSoblis sekularuli
dublia” [andronikaSvili-maisuraZe:277]. SegviZlia davZinoT, rom aq arcTu SefarviT
ikiTxeba mamis sityvebi, romelic iordanze gaisma: ~ese ars Ze Cemi sayuareli, romeli me
saTno-viyav” (m. 3:17). amasTan isic unda davsZinoT, rom sekularizaciis imavdroulad aq
saqme gvaqvs saero, rigiTi, mxolodSobili Zis dedis sakralizaciasTan.
6

pirveli nawarmoebi. magram igi pirmSoa ara pirvelad Sobis azriT, aramed
principulad rogorc misi Semoqmedebis, mrwamsis Tavi da Tavi, rogorc
aRTqmis Svili.
bibliuri mesianizmis kidev erT koncepts, romelic Cvenma poetma am
sityvebiT gamoxata ~eris wyluli maCndes wylulad...” pirdapiri gziT
mivyavarT esaias 53-e Tavamde, romlis axalaRTqmiseuli gamWvirvaloba,
rogorc netari ieronime wers, am winaswarmetyvels mexuTe maxareblis
Rirsebas aniWebs: ~...is Cveni codvebisTvis iyo daWrili, Cveni
ukeTurobebisTvis dalewili; masze iyo sasjeli Cveni simrTelisTvis da
misi wylulebiT Cven ganvikurneT” (53:5).
poeti, rogorc mesia, Tavis Tavze iRebs autanel tvirTs, romlis
zidva srulebiTac ar evaleba mas, rogorc ~tkbil xmaTaTvis”
mowodebuls. ~poetSi” poeti-winaswarmetyveli Semwirvelic aris da
Sewirulic erTsa da imave dros da, rogorc Sewiruli, itvirTavs
sakacobrio wyluls, mis satanjvels. ivalebs ara mxolod gagebas
tkivilisa 14, aramed tkivilis Tavis Tavze miRebas. ~poetis” dasasruls,
vxedavT, rom ca mxolod tanjuli sulisgan iRebs mxsnel msxverpls,
raTa daayenos istoriis dasasruli _ cremlis saboloo mowmendis Jami.
~maSin imRers, mxolod maSin”, anu maSin moiclis ~tkbil xmaTaTvis”...
magram Sewirulis da ganwmedilis simRera sxva simRera iqneba.
sabolood, ~me ca mniSnavs” mianiSnebs poetis sakralur, xolo ~eri
mzrdis” mis sekularul mxareze 15. magram aq mniSvnelovania ara poeziis,
poeturi STagonebis zeciuri warmomavloba, romelic homerosis xanidan
drodadro da aqa-iq acxadebs Tavs, aramed is, rom es Tezisi
msxverplSewirvis eniT gamoiTqva: poeziis cecxli RvTis sakurTxevlidan
aris aRebuli. poeziis cecxli sakurTxevlis cecxlis homogenuria da is
adgili, sadac isini erTmaneTs xvdebian, adamianis gulia 16.
poetis, rogorc winaswarmetyvelisa da Semwirvel-Sewirulis,
rogorc zvarakis, iliaseul kategoriul Teziss _ da aqedan gamomdinare
mZime ideologiis sapirispirod ocdaxuTi wlis dagvianebiT akaki
ayalibebs poetis, erTi SexedviT, martiv da amasTan erTad TiTqos
frivolur gansazRvrebas leqsSi ~poeti”, romlis sakvanZo sityva
~Suakacia”. magram ilias poetic aseve Suakaci ar aris? magram gansxvaveba
fundamenturia. ilias Suakacs myari adgili uWiravs casa da miwas
Soris, is ganmtkicebulia cis mandatiT da Cafesvilia miwaSi, orsave
sinamdvilis legitimuri moqalaqea. akakis Suakacs ki, erTi SexedviT,
Tavisufals, myari adgili ver moupovebia, is, rogorc qanqara, moZraobs
14 misi sityvebia: ~...yvela dros Tavisi tkivili aqvs da gageba am tkivilisa xvedria
marto Cinebuli kacebisa...”
15 ufro metic: am sekularul mxares leqsSi ~ciuri xmebi” codvilobis niSani azis:
poeti “ciur xmebs” Tu ara ~xmiT codviliT”, sxvagvarad bans ver aZlevs. aseTia qveynis
(eris) xma _ “yayani qveyanisa” (“Rame”).
16 guli-sakurTxevlis Tema arc akakisTvis aris ucxo, oRond masze sicocxle iwvis
siyvarulisTvis: ~da guls vugeb sakurTxevlad // zed sicocxlis
dasawvelad” [wereTeli 1950:395]. ~taZrad guls da sakurTxevlad // misTvis gidgam
gonebasa...” [wereTeli 1950:76].
7

casa da miwas, TiTqos STagonebasa da xelmocarvas Soris, arc caSi da
arc miwaze mas mkvidri adgili ara aqvs. xan iq, xan aq da arc iq, arc aq.
maS, sad? 17 aseve irxeva is sibrZnesa da ugunurebas Soris. maS, vin aris?
aravin? araviTari Sualeduri adgili an mdgomareoba. Wkuis qonebaarqoneba
ar gansazRvravs moqanavis arc sibrZnes, radgan es ukanaskneli
gamocdilebis Sedegi ar aris, da arc mis ugunurebas, radgan igi sxva
ganzomilebis uWkuobaa, romelSic albaT pozitiuri Sinaarsi devs. es
aris poetis xanaSi daviwyebuli salosis uWkuoba da masxaris sibrZne.
da, sazogadod, es aqeT-iqiT mobalanse qmnileba sruliad gaugebari
mentalobis arsebaa. saR azrs Tavisi Wkuis sawyo-aparatiT, romelic
mxolod mdgradi sinamdvilis aRwera-SecnobisTvis Tu gamodgeba, ver
mouxelTebia am daudgromeli arsebis vinaoba, mudmivad ~mgonias” (berZn.
doqsa moCvenebiTi codna) tyveobaSia. da rogorc platoni ambobs,
SeuZlebelia msjeloba imaze, romelsac ara aqvs arc forma, arc
gansazRvruloba, anu aseT rasme namdvilad “Wkvianni ver mihxvdebian”. sxva
leqsSi (~gamocana”, 1885), romelic aseve paradoqsebzea agebuli _ ~arc
didi var, arc patara, // arc batoni da arc mona” _ da Tavisuflebis
maRal xarisxs aCvenebs, rogorc sxvagan: ~Tavisuflad davdivar: // arc
batonad, arc monad” (~yaribi~, 1893) da, rac mniSvnelovania, kvlav
~gamocanis” TiTqosda ubralod warmoTqmuli sityvebi _
qveynis Svili, qveynis moZme,
qveyanaSi yaribi var
gvaxsenebs pirvel qristianTa cxovrebis wess, romelic gareSeTa
gaugebrobas da gancvifrebas iwvevda 18. da vin aris es Tavisufali yaribi?
mxilebulia mgoniaze damyarebuli saRi azri:
mxedavT, vin var? vin ggonivarT?
erTi vinme giJi _ ceti?
ukacravad!.. Semcdari xarT,
me gaxlavarT es _ poeti.
17 sxvadasxva kiTxvebs Soris iona meunargias kiTxvaze “sad ufro ginda cxovrobde~
“poetis” avtori pasuxobs: “yvelgan da arsad~ [meunargia 1957:57]. Tu yofiT enaze am
mdgomareobis saxeli mouwyoblobaa, mas aSkarad eksistencialuri sazrisi aqvs iseve,
rogorc Tavad poetis mware daskvnas sakuTar Tavze, romelic imave meunargias gaumxila:
“sakvirveli kaci var: coli myavs, ara myavs, Svili myavs, ara myavs...” [meunargia 1957:54]. ar
gamovricxavT amgvari yofis gancdas esqatologiur perspeqtivaSi, rogorc pavle
mociquli urCevs: “xolo amas getyÂ, Zmano, Jami ese Semoklebul ars amieriTgan; da
raÁTa, romelTa esxnen col, esreT iyvnen, viTarca ara esxnes...” (1kor. 7:29),
18 ~isini cxovroben TavianT samSobloSi, magram mxolod rogorc yaribni. yvelaferSi
wili aqvT, rogorc mkvidrebs da yvelafers iTmenen rogorc ucxoelni. yoveli ucxo
qveyana maTi samSobloa da yoveli samSoblo _ ucxo qveyana” [diognete:V,5]. jelal eddin
rumi ase gamoxatavs sufiuri cxovrebis wess: ~samkvidro Cemi ar aris arsad // da
yvelgan Cemi samkvidro aris”, an kidev: ~arc am qveynisa var da arc im qveynisa” (magali
Toduas Targmani).
8

magram, unda vaRiaroT, rom gamocana, romelic sxva ucnobiT aris
axsnili, kvlav gamocanad rCeba. es sityva _ poeti _ arafers eubneba saR
azrs. am sityviT saxeldebuli arseba isev da isev gamoucnobi rCeba.
garegani kacis saxe sruliadac ar Seesatyviseba ~Sinagan kacs~, romelsac
avtori poetad gvacnobs.
SeniSvna. es Seusatyvisoba Sinagansa da garegans Soris, rogorc
paradigma, mefeTa wignis erT epizodSi aSkaravdeba. erTi usaxelo
winaswarmetyveli gamoCnda Sekrebil xalxSi da, roca wavida, hkiTxes mas,
visTanac saidumlo misiiT iyo misuli: ~risTvis movida SenTan is
SeSlili?” (3mef. 9:11). namdvilad cetis STabeWdilebas stovebda RvTis kaci. es
epizodi angrevs stereotips, romelic tradiciulad winaswarmetyvels
monumentur figurad warmogvidgens (Tundac miqelanjelos mose, an dores
ilustraciebi). igi araTu visme simpaTias ar imsaxurebs, yuradRebis Rirsadac
ar Seracxaven. is marginalia, roca misi xarizma dums. magram roca RvTis suli
gadmodis masze da alaparakdeba, eSiniaT misi sityvisa da gaurbian, an Tavidan
iSoreben, an, uares SemTxvevaSi, sasikvdilod devnian. winaswarmetyvelis aseTi
bedi misi misiis arsebiTi Semadgenelia.
rogorc Tavad es arseba aris gamoucnobi, aseve misi mamoZravebelic
ucnobia, _ ~sul sxva hyavs xelisufali am Cem goneba-grZnobasa”. mis
Sesaxeb mxolod is viciT, rom sxvaa. vin aris es sxva? es is RmerTia,
romelTanac winaswarmetyveli laparakobs?
IV
sarke da sayviri
ori nivTi _ erTi vizualuri, meore akustikuri sawyo _ erTmaneTs
xvdeba isev da isev poetis raobis konteqstSi. erTi maTgania sarke, Tumca
es strofi _
es guli sarked qceuli,
bunebis naTavxedia,
mxolod mis saxes uCvenebs,
rasac Sig Cauxedia (~poeti”) _
ufro sarkis ganmartebaa, vidre poetis gulisa, romelic isev da isev
gaugebari, Cauwvdomeli da “gauSifravi” rCeba. sarked qceuli guli,
romelic poetis metaforaa 19, saZiebeli ar aris bunebriv saganTa da
movlenaTa rigSi. is anomaliaa, bunebis ukanonobaa, rasac avtori
~naTavxedars” uwodebs. naTavxedari iracionaluris, aragonismieris
19 “sarked qceuli guli”, rogorc sinTezuri simbolo, sruliad sxva kulturaSi, kerZod,
sufiur mistikaSi RvTisSemecnebis centraluri simboloa: guli sarkesaviT wmida da
SeubRalavi unda iyos, rom aseve wmidad da SeubRalavad miiRos RvTisgan gamosxivebuli
naTeli. jelal ed-din rumi: ~Tu gsurT, rom igrZnoT mijnuris Rawvi // da RvTaebrivi
isminoT hangi, // gaaprialeT sarke sulisa // CamoaSoreT WuWyi da Jangi” (vaxuSti
kotetiSvilis Targmani).
9

xatovan terminad gamodgeboda. bunebas Tu surs Tavisi Tavi dainaxos,
unda gamoZvres Tavisi Tavidan, ~gadaxdes” Tavis Tavs, ~iTavxedos”.
meorea sayviri, romelsac avtori garemoebis xmier sarked saxavs,
rac imas unda niSnavdes, rom usityvo (ulogoso) da usazriso (u-teloso)
garemoeba, cxovreba, romelmac, ilias gamocdilebiT, araTu dialogi ar
icis (“rom Sens miwazed, amden xalxSi kaci ar ari, / rom fiqri vando,
grZnoba Cemi ganvuziaro”), gamomTqmel enasac moklebulia (“arsaidan xma,
arsiT Zaxili”), Tavis Tavs poetis meSveobiT acxadebs. an iqneb mxolod
imas, rom sayviri socialuri garemoebis samsaxurSia Cayenebuli? am meore
gagebidan modis samoqalaqo poezia da misi iZulebiTi samsaxuri,
romelic uaryofs tkbil xmebs da masTan erTad, rogorc yovlad
usargeblos, rame saxis metafizikas, rogorc erTgan Tavad sayviris
avtori gulistkiviliT SeniSnavs, rom Tezisis ~xelovneba cxovrebisTvis”
ukiduresobamde miyvaniT misma adeptebma ~yovelive, rac ki suliT
aamaRlebs adamians da dauaxloebs ciurs, uarhyo” [wereTeli 1961:242].
poeti sayviris SemotaniT am poetikur diskursSi araorazrovnad
poeturi STagonebis ciuri wyarosken gvagzavnis. aq poeti mTlianad cas
ekuTvnis, cis gankargulebaSia, rac arsebiTia misi, rogorc poetis,
movlenaSi. adamianuri me cis gamocxadebis mxolod da mxolod
saSualebaa. amiT is uaxlovdeba RmerTTan molaparake 20 ilias poets.
guli sarked maqvs qceuli,
ena sayvirad zecisa,
unda, rac Camesaxeba,
gavimeoro mec isa (~iraklis saflavze”).
zecis sayviriT raRac mniSvnelovanis gamocxadeba xdeba, raRac iseTis,
romelsac garemoebis sayviri ver gamoacxadebs; raRac ucxosi, romelic
garemoebaSi ar ipoveba; Sinaganis, romelic garemoebaSia dafaruli;
raRac kategoriulis, romelic aiZulebs sayvirs, gaimeoros zecis
nabrZanebi. garemoebis sayviri zecis sayvirad gardaisaxeba.
Seupovari simarTle
nabrZanebi maqvs me cisa,
Tvara Cem-Tavad me ra var,
msgavsi matlis da mxecisa,
advilad dasafSvneli ram,
rogorc WurWeli kecisa (~iraklis saflavze”).
20 Tumca akakis erTxel uTqvams: ~sakvirvelia! naxevar saukuneze metia, rac me leqsebs
v w e r , s x v a x e l o b a m e a r a m a q v s d a e r T x e l a c a r m a x s o v s , R m e r T i
damlaparakebodes” [asaTiani 2:323]. rasakvirvelia, RmerTTan laparaki mxolod
metaforaa, magram is mainc poeturi STagonebis aramiwier warmomavlobaze mianiSnebs.
guram asaTiani SeniSnavs, rom aq akakis ironia ilias ~poetisadmia” mimarTuli. akakis
ironias verc vaJa-fSavelas sityvebi ~vlaparakobdi RmerTTana” unda ascdenoda.
10

namdvilad es ~Seupovari simarTle” adamianis, misi enis, sayviris,
gamosacxadebelia, Tundac iyos igi ara bibliuri winaswarmetyveli,
aramed ubralo mestvire. ase rom, mobodiSeba _
me ra mrjis imis mibaZvas,
sad wminda kverTxi, sad Cxiri?
sad Cemi stviri, sad misi
ieriqonis sayviri?
(~iraklis saflavze”)
ritorikulia, romelic uaryofiT pasuxs moiTxovs: ca erTnairad iyenebs
kverTxsa da Cxirs, stvirsa da sayvirs _ misi usasrulobisa da didebis
w i n a S e i s i n i T a n a b a r i R i r e b u l e b i s a n i a r i a n . m e s t v i r e d a
winaswarmetyveli, rogorc mokvdavni _ oriveni matli da advilad
dasafSvneli Tixaa _ adamianis warmavlobis niSnebi uxrwnelobis winaSe.
~Seupovar simarTles”, romelic zeciT aris nabrZanebi da
garemoebaSi ar ipoveba, msgavsad ilias ~wmida sityvisa”, romelsac aseTive
kategoriuli brZanebiT unda moifinos xalxSi, isev da isev samoqalaqo
poeziamde mivyavarT, oRond mis umaRles gamoxatulebamde. Tu
winaswarmetyvelis analogias gamoviyenebT, es aris momavlis perspeqtivis
xilva, romelic bibliur winaswarmetyvelebaTa ganuSorebel Temas
Seadgens, da igi xSirad namdvilad ar JRers tkbilad, miwierTaTvis igi
autanelia Tavisi WeSmaritebiseuli simkacriT. amdenad, Seupovari Tavad
simarTle ki ar aris, aramed is, vinc ivalebs mis gamocxdebas.
samagaliTod avtors WeSmaritebis Seupovari mRaRadebeli ieremia hyavs,
romelic
golgoTis aRmarTs Seudga
dadga mTis maRal wversao:
dascqerda ierusalims,
atyobda yovlifersao,
iglovda imis momavals,
iglejda Tma da wversao
(~iraklis saflavze”)
amrigad, ra SegviZlia davaskvnaT? gansxvavebuli gzebiT,
gansxvavebuli stilistikiT ~arc miwis, arc cis” da ~xan miwis, xan cis”
akakis poetic poeziis profetul sazrisamde midis. maTi, Tundac
simbolurad gagebul winaswarmetyvelTa, sagani orivesTan erTia _ es
aris mamuli, romelic, bibliur da postbibliur avtorTa, ufro metad,
espaneTis ebrael poetTa sanukvari sionis msgavsad, marad sanatreli da
miuwvdomeli realoba.
V
ca da miwa
11

Tu kidev sadme aris iliasadmi Sinagani ~replikis” kvali akakis
nawerebSi, isev da isev programuli saxelwodebis leqsSi unda iyos
saZebari. leqsSi ~poets”, romelsac qvesaTaurad ~kiTxva-pasuxi” uzis,
akaki araSemTxveviT laparakobs poetze, rogorc gareganze:
daxval am soflad
martoka, oblad,
viT garegani, miundobeli:
SenTvis ar ari
arc megobari,
arca Sobili da arc mSobeli [wereTeli 1950:75].
martooba, obloba, umegobroba da, bolos, umSobloba _ niSnebi, romelTac
saRi azri (doqsa) amCnevs poetis gamoucnob fenomenSi da missave, rogorc
yofidan amovardnili arsebis, winaaRmdeg miaqcevs, iseT Tavisuflebas
aniWebs mgosans, rogorsac mxolod garegan frinvels Tu mivawerT.
erTaderTi, rasac SeiZleba daemonos igi, es poeturi STagonebaa, romelic
frTosnis asociacias iwvevs: frTosani da misi frTebi yvela drois
poeziaSi poeturi aRmafrenis (aR-frTovan-ebis) universaluri simboloa.
iliac ki, romelic poetis daniSnulebas sakurTxevlis samsaxurTan
aigivebs, Tu cxadad ara, SefarviT mainc frinvelis saxiT warmoidgens
poetis cxovrebas. erT-erT adreul leqsSi (1858), romlis saTauria
~Citi” [WavWavaZe 1950:45], damwyebi poeti faqtiurad poetis cxovrebis nirs
aRwers. igi laparakobs ~wmida niWze”, romelic frTebis analogiuria,
laparakobs Tavisuflebaze (~minam var uflad // Cemis Tavisa”), Tavis
mxiarul stumrobaze amqveynad 21 yvelaze mxiarul maisis, bulbulTa
gamoCenis, TveSi, im tkbil galobaze (~dilas vaxareb galobiT tkbiliT”),
romelic droebiT aRukveTa sakurTxevlis msaxurma poetma Tavis Tavs;
da, Tu ram zRudavs casa da miwas Soris mfrinav arsebas (~jer Sevxedav
cas, // qveynis dambadavs, mered _ mTa da bars...”), es isev da isev misadmi
momadlebuli cis niWia, romelsac ar SeiZleba ar emsaxurebodes. da,
bolos, leqsi ~Citi” la dolce far niente-s (uqmobis sitkboebis) ideologiuri
himni, da msgavsadve 1856 wels ucnobi avtorisgan Targmnili imave
saxelwodebis leqsi `Citi” 22, sadac Citis, rogorc poetis, erTaderTi
saqmianoba RvTis dideba (~davhkrav, davuStven, RmerTsa vadideb”) da
garemos moxiblvaa (~mSvenieris xmiT msmenels vagiJeb”). da aseve gana
wmida xelovneba, romelic mxolod Tavis Tavs emsaxureba da Tavis
TavSive hpoulobs sazriss, doqsas TvalSi usaqmuroba ar aris? damwyebi
poetis am poziciaSi ~poetis” ideologiis Canasaxic ar Cans. ram
gamoiwvia es radikaluri Zvra? saidan movida profetuli pirquSi
msaxurebis es simZime, mamulis ucnauri siyvaruli, ramac martoobisTvis
gawira igi? (~videq martoka...”, “vegde martoka ucxo cis qveS...”). an rogor
warmoiSva mamulis unikaluri, mxolod misTvis Rirebuli, sayovelTaod ki
21 rogorc akakis ~qveyanaze yaribi var”.
22 “am TargmaniT iwyeba ilias gamosvla sazogadoebis winaSe beWdviTi sityvis
saSualebiT” [gorgaZe 1987:14].
12

gaugebari 23 imaginaciuri xati? _ im JrJolidan mTebis winaSe, razec poeti
Tavis pirvelsave leqsSi (“yvarlis mTebs”) laparakobs?
orivesTvis _ iliasTvis da akakisTvisac _ poetis legitimacia cis
mandatiT aris ganmtkicebuli da, Tumca is, ZiriTadad, dakarguli
mamulis ZiebaSi da samsaxurSi ixarjeba, mainc rCeba sfero, sadac, kvlav
gavimeorebT, poezia Tavis Tavs ubrundeba. iliasTan es aris mcire leqsi
~ciurni xmebi” [WavWavaZe 1987:81], SesaZloa, erTaderTi, sadac poetma
erTgvarad wmida da Tavisufali poeziis sazrisi gamoxata. es leqsi, am
mxriv, programulia. grigol robaqiZe wers, rom akakis leqsSi da,
sazogadod, qarTul poeziaSi “yuria” ufro, vidre “Tvali” [robaqiZe
1991:57-8]. ilias es leqsi, Tumca misi avtori ar gamoirCeoda smeniT, ris
gamoc misi leqsebis simZimes xSirad usmenobiT xsnian, mTlianad smenis
nayofia. mas ufro esmis, vidre xedavs. misTvis poezia, Tavis metafizikur
sawyisSi, ZiriTadad, xmaa. arc sityva, rame azris Semcveli, arc warmtaci
xilvebi, aramed mxolod da mxolod wmida xmebi. “ros momesmian, mswrafl
momiTxroben”, gvamcnobs poeti, Tumca ar gvimxels, ras mogviTxroben es
xmebi. arc arafers, garda imisa, rasac Tavis Tavze, rogorc
sakvirvelebaze, mowmoben. poeti ar ambobs, rom tkbilia es xmebi, yurs ar
atkboben isini, mxolod ~nel sixaruls” da ~gancvifrebas” iwveven. poetis
amocanaa am “ciuri xmebis” “qveynis xmebze” gadmoTargmna, Tumca es
SeuZlebelia da mas isRa darCenia, rom sakvirvel xmebs miwieri codvili
xmiT misces bani. Tumca es codvili xmebi ver arRveven im harmonias,
romelsac poeti Wvrets kidec gancvifrebiT.
mec qveynis xmiTa,
xmiT codviliTa,
maT vaZlev bansa,
da mSvidobasa,
aRtacebasa
hgrZnobs Cemi guli
da SevWvret casa
gancvifrebuli.
ciurno xmebo,
oh, sakvirvlebo!
adamianis gancdaSi gardatexil cisa da miwis am miTologemur
dialogs (Sumerul duranqis) akakis mier ironizebul ~RmerTTan
laparakis” metaforad (an piriqiT) CavTvlidiT, magram mis poeziaSi amas
saTanado ganSla ar upovia. unda vifiqroT, rom igi oden piradi
gamocdilebis Sinagan faqtad rCeba, formulaSi ~me ca mniSnavs da eri
mzrdis” es miTologema publicistur-poetur saxes iRebs. RmerTTan
sasaubro erTaderTi Tema sabralo mamulia, romlis arseba mis mets
amqveynad aravis esmis. am, SeiZleba iTqvas, miniaturuli sagaloblis
Semdeg ilia aRar mibrunebia sakvirvel Temebs, is sxva varskvlavs irCevs
misadevneblad...
23 ix. qrestomaTiuli “elegia” (1859, peterburgi) da programuli, Tumc usaTauro “mas
aqeT raki Semdami vcan me siyvaruli” (1861, yvareli).
13

SemTxveviTia Tu ganzraxviTi (hipoTetur farul polemikas Tu
gavixsenebT), albaT ufro spontanuri, magram akakis vrceli leqsi ~qebaTaqeba”,
romelic oTxi aTeuli wlis Semdeg (1882) daiwera, TiTqos ilias
siyrmisdroindeli “ciurni xmebis” (1859) ganSlili versiaa 24. erTaderTi
sityvis _ “sakvirvelis” 25 sanacvlod, romliTac iliam ciur xmaTa
saidumloebaze mianiSna, akaki Tavis leqsSi moixmobs sityvebs _
~ucnauri”, ~grZneuli”, ~raRac Zala sagznobi”, ~gamouTqmeli”, ~saidumlo,
RvTiuri Zala”, romlebic arsebiTad imave realobis Seucnobel xasiaTze
mianiSneben, imis SegnebiT, rom saidumlo saidumlodve rCeba, _ da bunebis
movlenebs, rogorc liturgiul process, miwieri eniT: ~bunebis mayruls,
saqorwilod sruls”:
yvavilTa ena _
ars sunnelT fSvena,
sagalobelad aRma kmeuli,
wyalTa Cqriali,
foTolT Sriali,
balaxT bibini, raRac grZneuli 26.
~qebaTa qebis” sagani ar aris arc mxolod ca, rogorc calke ca, da arc
mxolod miwa, rogorc calke miwa, aramed maTi kavSiri. namdvilad ara
SemTxveviT iliaseul formulas _
mec qveynis xmiTa,
xmiT codviliTa,
maT vaZlev bansa, _
romelsac, SeiZleba iTqvas, centraluri konceptia am mcire leqsSi, akaki
aitacebs da imave samosliT Seiyvans Tavis leqsSi _
qveyniT buneba
bans eubneba,
da es bania ~qebaTa-qeba”, _
riTac kosmiur ganzomilebaSi gadahyavs poetisa da cis urTierToba da,
rac mniSvnelovania, Tavis am leqss, ~qebaTa-qebiT” dasaTaurebuls, bunebis
movlenebis paralelurad, liturgiuli teqstis mniSvnelobas aniWebs.
amasTan, cisa da miwis kavSiris _ Zveli duranqis _ es pirveladi
24 SemTxveviTi ar unda iyos, rom am 78-striqonian leqsSi eqvsi strofi akakis ~ciuri
xmebis” xuTmarcvliani sazomiT aris dawerili. ilia: ~ciurni xmebi _ // eg
sakvirvlebi”, akaki: ~ra ucnaurad, // maRliT ciurad”. sxvaTa sazomis, tonisa Tu poeturi
frazis gaTavisebis, SeiZleba iTqvas, interteqstualobis magaliTebs gr. kiknaZe mravlad
adasturebs akakis SemoqmedebaSi [kiknaZe 1978:315-318].
25 ilias am periodis leqsikur arsenalSi ~sakvirveli” iseve, rogorc ~gancvifrebuli”,
Cans, jer kidev inarCunebs ~sakraluris”, ~saidumloebrivis” da am konceptebTan
damokidebulebis Tavdapirvel mniSvnelobas [kiknaZe 2007:74-77].
26 ~qveyana aRtacebuli // ugalobs qebaT-qebasa // da yvavilebi samsxverplod // ukmeven
surnelebasa” (~naTela”).
14

intuicia, romelic am leqsSi siyvarulis aspeqtiT aris warmodegenili, _
~Sen siyvarulo, cisa da qveynis // kavSiro da Tan Suamavalo” _ kvlav da
kvlav daJinebiT rogorc samyaros aRqmis dominanturi niSani Tavs iCens
mis SemoqmedebaSi 27.
damowmebebi:
abaSeli: aleqsandre abaSeli, “akakis Saravandedi”, krebulSi: mogonebebi
akakize, saqarTvelo, Tb.: 1990.
abaSiZe: kita abaSiZe, cxovreba da xelovneba, Tb.: Tsu gam-ba, Tb., 1971.
andronikaSvili-maisuraZe: zaal andronikaSvili, giorgi maisuraZe,
~sekularizacia da sekularizaciis bedi saqarTveloSi~, sekularizacia:
koncepti da konteqstebi, Tb.: ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gam-ba, 2009.
asaTiani 2: guram asaTiani, oTxtomeuli, t. 2, Tb.: neostudia [2002].
gorgaZe...: ilia gorgaZe, nodar gurgeniZe, ilia WavWavaZe: cxovrebisa da
Semoqmedebis matiane, Tb.: mecniereba, 1987.
gurgeniZe...: nodar gurgeniZe, ilia gorgaZe, akaki wereTeli: cxovrebisa da
Semoqmedebis matiane, Tb.: mecniereba, 1989.
diognete: Послание к Диогнету, Ранние Отцы Церкви, Брюссель, 1988. berZnuli teqsti
ix. http://www.ccel.org/l/lake/fathers/diognetus.htm
zurabiSvili: ilia zurabiSvili, moTxrobebi, mogonebebi, Tb.: sabWoTa
saqarTvelo, 1977.
kiknaZe 1978: grigol kiknaZe, “mudmiv xatTa sistema akaki wereTlis poeziaSi”,
literaturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebi, Tsu gam-ba, 1978.
kiknaZe 2007: zurab kiknaZe, “ilia WavWavaZis simboluri azrovnebisTvis (myinvari
da Tergi)”, ilia WavWavaZe 170 _ saiubileo krebuli, Tb.: SoTa rusTavelis
literaturis instituti, 2007.
kiknaZe 1990: zurab kiknaZe, “salosi da gandegili”, kritika, 6, 1990.
kiknaZe 2001: zurab kiknaZe, avTandilis anderZi, Tb.: merani, 2001.
meterlinki: moris meterlinki, ganZi TvinierTa, frangulidan Targmna daTo
akrianma, Tb.:Bneqtari, [2003].
meunargia: iona meunargia, qarTveli mwerlebi, II, samecniero-meToduri kabinetis
gam-ba, Tb.: 1957.
nicSe: fridrix nicSe, ~WeSmaritebisa da sicruis Sesaxeb moralis gareSe
azriT~, Sesavali Tanamedrove azrovnebaSi II, Tb.: ilia WavWavaZis
saxelmwifo universiteti gam-ba, 2006.
robaqiZe: grigol robaqiZe, akakis qnari, Tb.: samSoblo, 1991.
wereTeli 1950: akaki wereTeli, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli TxuTmet tomad, t.
II, Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1950.
wereTeli 1961: akaki wereTeli, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli TxuTmet tomad, t.
XIII, Tb.: sabWoTa saqarTvelo, 1961.
WavWavaZe 1987: ilia WavWavaZe, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli oc tomad, t. I,
sabWoTa saqarTvelo, Tb.: 1987.
27 ~ca da miwas Seamyarebs // bunebisa es qorwili” (~saRamo”), ~magram cisa da miwis
Sorisac // aris kavSiri ram uxilavi” (~pasuxi axalgazrdas”), ~ca dedamiwas dahxaris, //
da cas Sehnatris Zirs miwa” (poema ~naTela”), “cis da qveynis Suamavlad sxivi iyo
mTiebisa”, ~ca qveyanas, qveyana cas // yurs ugdebdnen erTmaneTsa” (~mwuxri”) da sxvagan
bevrgan, rom araferi vTqvaT cisartyelas, futkris da sanTlis simbolikaze.
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Zurab Kiknadze
Five sketches from some aspects of poetry
of Ilia Chavchavadze and Akaki Tsereteli
The article studies the concept of two poets – Ilia Chavchavadze and Akaki Tsereteli about a
poet’s entity and his destination, concurrencies (inter-textuality) and oppositions.
The article is made up of five sketches:
I.“The weight of mind” considers the concealed polemics between the two poets and
contrasting parallelisms.
II. The prophet. As an interlude it describes the prophet’s mission and his final fate what is
the indication of the prophetic aspect of Ilia’s and Akaki’s poetry.
III. The elect of heaven and the wonderer. Based on the so-called program verses, the points
the poet sees the ideal of the poet and poetry are given.
IV. The mirror and the trumpet. The tension and inconsistence between the ideal of the poetry
and its pragmatic use are shown - to choose between the mirror and the trumpet of the
circumstances or the heaven.
V. The Heaven and the Earth. Despite the pragmatism of poetry seen in the works of both
poets, the poetry finally remains at the symbolic service of the metaphoric heaven and the poet
remains a creature talking symbolically to the metaphoric God (or a creature listening to Heaven
and Earth).
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