erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia konstantine ...

quTaisis akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti 

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti 

Tamar gumberiZe 

erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia 

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

10.01.01. - qarTuli literatura 

disertacia filologiis doqtoris 

akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad 

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: sruli profesori 

quTaisi 

2010 

nazi xelaia

Sinaarsi 

Sesavali..................................................................................................................................................2 

Tavi I - saqarTvelos erovnuli orientaciis 

sakiTxi konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi ..............15 

Tavi II - erovnuli cnobierebisa da xasiaTis 

TaviseburebaTa simboluri warmosaxva 

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi ....................................67 

Tavi III - dakarguli sazrisis Ziebisa da 

pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea 

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi ...................................114 

daskvna ...........................................................................................................................168 

gamoyenebuli literatura..........................................................................176 

2

Sesavali 

k. gamsaxurdias saxeli da misi Semoqmedeba did interess iwvevda da 

iwvevs rogorc im epoqaSi, rodesac mwerals uxdeboda moRvaweoba, ise 

TanamedroveobaSic. mas Tandayolil SemoqmedebiT niWTan erTad daebeda, 

yovelTvis sazogadoebis yuradRebis centrSi yofiliyo. 

k. gamsaxurdia, rogorc Tavisi SemoqmedebiT, ise mTeli arsebiT, 

saqarTvelos erovnuli mTlianobisa da damoukideblobis ideis 

STamagonebeli iyo, radganac misi sasicocxlo da SemoqmedebiTi 

interesebi swored samSoblos _ saqarTvelos momavalTan iyo 

3

Seziarebuli da es momavali mas swored Tavisufali, mTliani 

saqarTvelos saxiT warmoedgina. 

mravalTagan mravali problemaa konstantine gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebiTi palitris warmomCeni da damaxasiaTebeli, magram mocemul 

SemTxvevaSi Cven gvsurs erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretaciis 

sakiTxi Tanamedrove literaturismcodneobis koncefciebis speqtrSi 

warmovadginoT. ver vityviT imas, rom aRniSnul problemaTa Seswavlis 

TvalsazrisiT k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba yamiri niadagia qarTul 

literaturismcodneobisaTvis, magram iseTi mravalferovani mwerlis 

Semoqmedebis dakvirvebisas, rogoric konstantine gamsaxurdiaa, yovelTvis 

wamoiWreba axali da saintereso problema. 

mravalricxovania im Sromebis raodenoba, romlebic k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedebas eZRvneba. qarTul literaturismcodneobaSi mravali naSromi 

moipoveba, romelic sainteresod gvixsnis k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis 

sxvadasxva problemas da metnaklebad exeba mwerlis erovnuli 

cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretaciis sakiTxs. 

qarTul sinamdvileSi k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis Zireuli mkvlevari 

gaxlavT s. sigua (`martvili da alamdari", sami wigni; `k. gamsaxurdias 

prozis struqtura", Tb., 1989 w.; `mxatvruli azrovneba - genezisi da 

struqtura", Tb., 2007 w.) am naSromebSi k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebiTi 

TvalTaxedvis are konkretulad da sainteresod aris warmodgenili. a. 

baqraZe (`miTologiuri engadi", 2000 w.; `miTi mTvaris motacebaSi", 

`mnaTobi", 1967, #12; `dionisos TviTmkvleloba", `mnaTobi", 1968, #12; 

`mTvaris motacebis meditacia", `mnaTobi", 1967, #10, a. baqraZe `mwerlobis 

moTvniereba", 1990 w.), romlebSic mkvlevari gamsaxurdias romanebis 

saintereso problemebs warmosaxavs. nikoleiSvili a., (XX saukunis 

qarTuli literaturis istoris narkvevebi, t. VII, Tb,. 2007 w.; XX saukunis 

qarTuli literaturis istoris narkvevebi, t. VI, Tb,. 2005 w.; `XX saukunis 

qarTuli mwerloba", quT., 2002 w. `qarTvelologiuri etiudebi" I, 2010 w.); 

mkvlevari sainteresod ganixilavs erovnuli cnobierebis sakiTxebs k. 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi. T. doiaSvili (`materiaze gavliT 

sulobisaken", `ciskari", 1982, #1), Stefi iungeri-xotivari (`dionisos 

Rimilis struqtura da filosofiuri Zirebi", `ciskari", 1982 #10), g. 

kankava (`dionisos Rimilis miTosuri struqtura", `kritika", 1983, #2; 

4

`qarTuli istoriuli prozis tradiciebi `didostatis marjvenis Tematuri 

problematikidan", `mnaTobi", 1962, #5; ìstoriuli romani da misi qarTuli 

tradiciebi", Tb., 1969), i. CxeiZe (`mTvaris motacebis Tavisebureba", 

`mnaTobi", 1969, #4; `mTvaris motaceba da xasiaTebi", `ciskari", 1962, #1), a. 

canava (`warmarTobis problema k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi", 

`saqarTvelos respublika", 1998, 17-18 maisi; `miTosuri aspeqtebi vazis 

yvavilobaSi", `politika", 1991, #5; `gamsaxurdia da qarTuli miTosi", èri", 

1991, 15 maisi; `gamsaxurdia da xalxuri Semoqmedeba", `qarTuli 

zepirsityvierebis sakiTxebi", Tb., 1970). m. jaliaSvili (`qarTuli 

modernistuli romani", 2006), naSromSi mkvlevari ganixilavs mwerlis 

modernistul msoflmxedvelobas, magram Semoifargleba k. gamsaxurdias 

mxolod erTi romaniT `dionisos Rimili" g. gverdwiTeli (mwerlebze da 

mwerlobaze, Tb., 1949 w. gam. `sab. saqarTvelo"); l. Wania (k. gamsaxurdias 

erovnul-politikuri mrwamsi, Tb., 1997 w. gam. `bedia"); nazi xelaia 

(miuwvdomeli mwvervalebi; Tb., 2008 w.); gaga lomiZe, (`gaucxoebis problema 

k. gamsaxurdias `dionisos RimilSi", saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia, 

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 

`literaturuli Ziebani," XIX, 1998 w.); giorgi merkvilaZe, (òri bedi", 

ciskari, 1963 w. #12); revaz TvaraZe, (`mTliani saqarTvelos mesityve", 

ciskari, 1969 w. #12); miSvelaZe r., (uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis 

istoria, Tb., 2000 w. ) 

dasaxelebul mkvlevarTagan SeiZleba k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli 

cnobierebis raime aspeqtiT warmodgena, zogierTis naSromSi raRac erTi 

StrixiT, miniSnebiT, zogan kidev garkveuli speqtriTa da 

mravalferovnebiT, magram arcerT avtorTan es sakiTxi sistemuri, mTliani 

saxiT araa warmodgenili, vfiqrobT, rom k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis da 

azrovnebis am kuTxiT warmoCena mniSvnelovania. 

saerTod migvaCnia, rom k. gamsaxurdia, rogorc Tavisi SemoqmedebiT, 

ise mTeli arsebiT, saqarTvelos erovnuli mTlianobisa da 

damoukideblobis ideis STamagonebeli iyo, radganac misi sasicocxlo da 

SemoqmedebiTi interesebi swored samSoblos _ saqarTvelos momavalTan 

iyo Seziarebuli da es momavali mas swored Tavisufali, mTliani 

saqarTvelos saxiT warmoedgina. ra Tqma unda, es SeuniSnavi ar darCenila 

mkvlevarTagan. 

5

`k. gamsaxurdias yoveli Zieba midis erovnuli mTlianobis da 

damoukideblobis ideasTan. is, rogorc iTqva, cdilobs qarTuli sulis 

sinTezirebas miTosur, istoriul da Tanamedrove ganzomilebaSi. 

personaJebic aseTi misiis Sesasruleblad iswrafian. pirdapir Tu 

arapirdapir gmirebis bedi gadakvanZulia samSoblos problemasTan. 

pirovneba da mamuli ganuyrelia. amitom fiqroben, isini esoden bevrs 

saqarTvelos Sesaxeb. SeiZleba utopiuri da miamituri ideebi (konstantine, 

TaraSi), magram uaRresad gulwrfeli. mweralma erovnuli mTlianobis da 

damoukideblobis ideis praqtikuli xorcSesxma araTu iqadaga, aramed 

kidec asaxa" (sigua 1989: 259). 

k. gamsaxurdias yvelaze TvalsaCino mkvlevarma soso siguam miuTiTa, 

rom qarTvelTa daumonebeli, Tavisuflebismoyvare suli mxatvrulad 

gansaxebuli, qarTveli eris damoukideblobisa da TavisTavadobis 

maradiul gamovlinebad aqcia k. gamsaurdiam. mas Semdegac, rodesac 

qarTveli xalxis es mizanswrafva da ocnebac gadaiWreba, k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedeba yovelTvis Seaxsenebs qarTvels Tu raoden mniSvnelovania 

eris sulisdgma, TavisuflebisTvis brZolis ideis gaRviZeba da amasTan 

erTad misi sulieri kulturis gaRrmaveba. 

`savarsamiZem da emxvarma gamoigloves saqarTvelos bedi, epoqis 

qarborbalas pirispir amao aRmoCnda kultura, fiqri da tanjva. axali ar 

miiRes, magram verc momavlis ukeTesi gza ipoves, radgan yvelafers wyvets 

Zala da Zalaufleba. wamoiWreba axali sakiTxi - ra mizans emsaxureba 

Zalaufleba, rogor mivdivarT idealisaken, ra gziT vcidlobT mis 

xorceSsxmas (`mTvaris motaceba", `didostatis marjvena") arzayan zvambaiam 

uaryo warsulis morali, zneoba, adamianTa urTierTbis wesi da yvelafris 

Tavidan dawyeba moindoma, rac iseve Secdoma da danaSuli iyo, rogorc 

tradiciebisadmi brma erTguleba. magram xelovani arsakiZe, mecnieri 

korinTeli, glexi da jariskaci elaniZe mwerlis ocnebaSi qmnian erTiani, 

Zlieri da jansaRi saqarTvelos models, romelsac mimarTulebas aZlevs 

daviT aRmaSeneblis fiqri da marjvena. amdenad, aris didgoris gmiri ara 

mxolod gardasuli didebis xati, aramed upirvelesad Seumusrveli 

qarTuli sulis maxviliTa da kalmiT gadamtani welTa usasrulo 

mdinarebaSi" (sigua 1989: 278). 

6

metad STambeWdavia a. baqraZis azri k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli 

msoflmxedvelobis Sesacnobad. ak. baqraZes Tavadac WeSmarit patriotsa 

da erovnul moRvawes, yovelTvis ZaluZs mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi im 

arsebiTisa da mniSvnelovanis danaxva, rac eris interesebs, mis idealsa 

da ideebs asaxavs. k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba am mxriv saintereso 

problemebs gvTavazobs. akaki baqraZec Tavis werilebsa da wignebSi 

mravalmxriv da mravalferovnad warmogvidgens `didostatis" erovnuli 

msoflmxedvelobis warmomsaxveli, eris saWirboroto da umniSvnelovanes 

problemebs. 

àravin daugdo yuri, Torem konstantine gamsaxurdiam didi xnis winaT 

amxila ruseTis imediT yofnis ususuroba da uniadagoba." 

`dimitri yifians egona: rusis mefe kargia, rusis mefes saqarTvelo 

uyvars da pativs scems saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaurobis istoriul 

garantiebs. mxolod rusis ministrebi ar vargan. 

noe Jordania da arCil jorjaZe fiqrobdnen erT dros: ar varga 

rusis mefe, arc rusis ministrebi, arc rusis Jandarmeria. yvelani 

mtrulad ganwyobili arian Cvendami, kargia rusis demokratia. 

dRes zogierTebi fiqroben: yvela-yvela da rusi msaxiobebi da rusi 

mwerali es kulturis warmomadgenelni arian, Cven isini gviyvars. 

Cven sul sxvnairad vfiqrobT, yvela kargia Tavis adgilas, Tavis 

dros da Tavis qveyanaSi. Cven gvaqvs Cveni gezi, Cveni mwerloba, Cveni 

kulturuli politika da yvelas imdenad davafasebT, ramdenadac isini 

Cven angariSs gviweven da sargeblobas mogvitanen". 

Tu qarTveli xalxi da qarTuli mwerloba ar iqneba Tavisufali, ar 

ivlis Tavisi gziT, verc eri da verc mwerloba ver gaxdeba 

sruluflebiani TavisTavadi wevri kacobriobisa, universumisa, rogorc 

Cveni xalxi, ise Cveni mwerloba mudam darCeba sxvisi Crdili, Crdili ki 

yvelas kargad moexseneba, ra iolad qreba" (baqraZe 1990: 221). 

k. gamsaxurdiam Zalian kargad icoda, rom adamianis eTikur- 

esTetikuri mrwamsi mxolod erTi Taobis monagari ar aris, mas Taobebi 

ayalibeben da TaraS emxvaris mravalsaukunovani gvari da misi cnobiereba 

mtkicedaa CaduRabebuli saqarTvelos erovnul fesvebSi. TaraS emxvaris 

cnobierebis gardaqmna `dro da Jamis Sesaferad" SeuZlebelia, TaraS 

emxvari da misi msgavsni iyvnen, arian da darCebian saqarTvelos erovnuli 

7

ideebisa da idealebis matarebelni. swored am azrs aviTarebs a. baqraZe 

da gvarwmunebs, rom misi msgavsebi gadaarCenen qarTvelTa erovnul 

cnobierebas. 

`sruliad aSkaraa, rom TaraS emxvari burJuaziul sazogadebaSi ver 

ipovida sulis simSvides. am subieqtur gancdas isic erTvis, rom arc 

qarTveli xalxisaTvis iqneboda misaRebi da gasagebi politikuri 

cxovrebis is formebi, romelTac burJuaziuli sazogadoeba warmoSobda. 

`faSizmi Cveni xalxisaTvis iseve Soreuli ambavia, rogorc gelfebis da 

gibelinebis brZola. es moZraoba didma erebma warmoSves da rogorc 

yovelgvari evropuli ìzmi", igic ugulvebelyofs albaT Cveni xalxis 

interesebs" (II, 77), _ eubneba TaraS emxvari vaxtang iamaniZes. ase rom, 

burJuaziisaken misabrunebeli gza erTxel da samudamod mokveTilia 

TaraSisaTvis... 

arc faSizmi da arc socializmi. magram aseTi gadawyvetileba srul 

apolitikurobas ar gulisxmobda. emxvaris simpatiebi ekuTvnoda 

saqarTvelos warsuls, misi sulis raRac nawili vardaniZe-emxvarebis 

droiT cxovrobda" (baqraZe 1967: 138). 

mkvlevari a. nikoleiSvili xazs usvams, Tu rogor ilaSqrebda k. 

gamsaxurdia rusuli agresiis winaaRmdeg, rac imxanad udides 

moqalaqeobriv gabedulebad unda CaiTvalos. k. gamsaxurdias ideali 

Tavisufali, rainduli saqarTveloa, romelic àn Cven unda gvekuTvnodes, 

an aravis". 

`rogorc cnobilia, k. gamsaxurdias istoriul JanrTan dakavSirebiT 

Tavisi mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi hqonda Camoyalibebuli, igi 

Tvlida, rom araviTari istoriuli romani ar arsebobs, rom istoria 

mxolod masalaa mwerlisaTvis Tanamedroveobis miswrafebaTa 

gamosaxtavad. amgvari Teoriis avtori, bunebrivia daviT aRmaSeneblis 

Sesaxeb daweril romans marto gardasul epoqis asaxvas ar dausaxavda 

miznad da masSi dasmul problemebs Tanamedrove yofasac ganuyofelad 

daukavSirebda. es marTlac asea. 

`daviT aRmaSenebeli" sabWoTa epoqis saWirboroto problemebTan 

genetikurad Sesisxlxorcebuli romania da masSi Cveni istoriuli 

warsulis bevri problema swored am kuTxiT, mkafiod gamovlenili 

simbolur-alegoriuli formiTaa gaazrebuli. 

8

meorec, `daviT aRmaSeneblis" monumenturi mxatvruli saxis SeqmniT k. 

gamsaxurdiam cada `manqurTizmis" tyveobisagan daexsna Cveni erovnuli 

cnobiereba da ideologiuri bangisagan Sokirebuli qarTveli kacis 

gonebis Tvali Cveni istoriis yvelaze didi simaRleebisaken miepyro" 

(nikoleiSvili 2006: 204). 

a. nikoleiSvilis am mosazrebam erTxel kidev dagvarwmuna, Tu raoden 

mravalmxrivi da mravalferovania k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobiereba da 

misi idea - Tavisufali, Zlieri saqarTvelosi - mwerlis Semoqmedebis erT- 

erT umniSvnelovanes sakiTxs warmoadgens. sainteresoa isic, rom a. 

nikoleiSvili am TvalsazrisiT `daviT aRmaSenebelze" gamoTqvams Tavis 

mosazrebas da vfiqrobT, yvelaze metad swored `daviT aRmaSenebelSia" 

Tavmoyrili da warmosaxuli k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli msoflmxedveloba, 

misi erovnuli ideebi. 

qristianoba saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi qarTveli eris istoriul 

sinamdvileSi Camoyalibda rogorc erTiani ideologiuri forma, ris 

safuZvelzec Seiqmna qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba, romlis siZlieremac 

mwvervals meTerTmete-meTormete saukuneebSi miaRwia. 

swored am epoqebis istoriul realobas asaxavs konstantine 

gamsaxurdias SesaniSnavi romanebi - `didostatis marjvena" da `daviT 

aRmaSenebeli". 

`k. gamsaxurdiasTvis qristianuli religia Cveni xalxis erovnul- 

saxelmwifoebrivi TviTarsebobisa da `rassiuli izoliaciis" dacvis erT- 

erTi umTavresi Zalaa. es sarwmunoeba Tavidanve ise organulad 

Seesisxlxorca qarTveli eris yoveldRiur yofas, rom mis cnobierebaSi 

erovnuloba da qristianuli rwmena faqtobrivad erTmaneTTan gaigivebul 

cnebebad damkvidrda" (nikoleiSvili 2010: 223). 

r. miSvelaZe im wiaRsvlebsac ayuradebs, rac amdidrebs da 

amravalferovnebs k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli xedvis areals. miTologiur- 

folkloruli sawyisebi marTlac warmmarTvelia k. gamsaxurdias 

erovnuli ideebisa, rac imazec migvaniSnebs, rom es erovnuli ideebi 

Rrmadaa fesvgadgmuli saqarTvelos warsulSi da misi momavlis 

ganmsazRvrelicaa. 

`konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebiT labirinTSi mesame gzac 

gailanda. mweralma scada Tavisi dekadenturi ganwyobilebani qarTul 

9

erovnul niadagze gadmoenerga da miTologiur-folklorul sawyisebze 

daemyno" (miSvelaZe 2000: 232). 

n. xelaias `miuwvdomeli mwvervalebi" ZiriTadad k. gamsaxurdias or 

personaJze konstantine savarsamiZesa da TaraS emxvarze amaxvilebs 

yuradRebas. es ori personaJi am sakmaod didi moculobis wignSi metad 

saintereso speqtriTaa ganxiluli, Tumca unda mivuTiToT maszec, rom am 

ori personaJis erovnuli suli da msoflmxedveloba yvela sxva 

problemaze metad da sainteresodaa warmodgenili. 

`konstantine gamsaxurdias personaJTa umravlesoba samSoblos sevdiT 

gulgasenili gmirebisa da raindebis galereaa. maTTvis sicocxle, saxeli 

da mamuli erT sibrtyeze ganfenilan da maTi harmonia, maTi mTlianoba 

udris qarTvels, mamuliSvils. TaraS emxvarica da konstantine 

savarsamiZec swored am Targze moWrili mamuliSvilebi brZandebian. 

saqarTvelo, mamuli - bavSvobidanve maTi STagonebis wyaro da dedasaviT 

saficari saxeli iyo, romlis Semginebels da iavarmyofels yoveli naRdi 

qarTvelisa da vaJkacis sicocxle ewireboda. 

TaraS emxvarisa da konstantine savarsamiZis gaorebisa da sulieri 

gaucxoebis mizezi rom samSobloa, es kargad Cans iqidanac, rom garkveul 

problemebTan dakavSirebiT, maT msgavsi mosazrebebi uCndebaT. erTic 

SeiZleba davamatoT, faqtiurad Tavad mwerlis sulier Targzea moWrili 

es ori personaJi da Tavad mwerlis msoflmxedveloba cnaurdeba am orTa 

warmosaxvaSi" (xelaia 2009: 265). 

avtori dasabuTebulad warmogvidgens azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom k. 

savarsamiZe da TaraS emxvari udroobis gmirebi arian, drois manqanis ukuRma 

trialma epoqis gmirebad sul sxva cnobierebisa da msoflmxedvelobis 

adamianebi warmogvidgina, vidre emxvari da savarsamiZe brZandebian, vfiqrobT 

Cven da avtorsac miaCnia, rom emxvari da savarsamiZe imitom rCebian rainduli 

saqarTvelos gmirebad da raindebad, maT Segueba ar ZaluZT qveynis bedis 

borblis ukuRma trialTan. 

`rogorc Tavad nawarmoebis personaJebi, ise maTi wamowyebani, ocneba 

da fiqrebi miuwvdomelia. ltolva da maradiuli Zieba maT Tanamedrovebis 

faustebad gvisaxavs, magram mwvervalebi yovelTvis miuwvdoeli rCeba 

maTTvis~ (xelaia 2008: 168-169). 

10

gaucxoebis problema msoflio literaturuli procesis momcvelia. 

mkvlevari g. lomiZe wers, Tu raoden globaluri da yovlismomcvelia k. 

savarsamiZis sulieri tragedia. Tumca isic unda aRvniSnoT xazgasmiT, 

rom am globaluri tragediis saTave samSobloa. samSoblos ubedobaa 

ganmsazRvreli im sulieri krizisisa, rasac k. savarsamiZis pirovneba 

moucavs. Cven veZebT da vikvlevT am ori personaJis sulieri metamorfozis 

sakiTxebs da vrwmundebiT maTi erovnuli cnobierebis siRrmesa da 

simtkiceSi. 

ìmdroindeli sazogadoeba mwvave sulier, kulturul da religiur 

kriziss ganicdis. xelovnebam ukve dahkarga adamianebSi esTetikuri 

grZnobis ganviTarebis unari. industriis ganviTarebam imsxverpla 

silamazis SegrZneba. fabrika-qarxnebma, rkinis xidebma da reklamebma 

daamaxinjes qalaqebi. lamazi sagnebis Wvreta adamians mxolod muzeumebsa 

da eklesiebSi SeuZlia. romanis (`dionisos Rimili") erT-erTi gmiri, poeti 

menie dananebiT aRniSnavs, rom Tanamedrove mxatvrebi religiur motivs 

sulac aRar aqceven yuradRebas, doqtori roSeri ki amaze ironiiT 

pasuxobs: `meoce saukuneSi religiur motivebs eZebT?" aqedan gmomdinare 

naTlad Cans, Tu ra sulier kriziss ganicdis sazogadoeba" (lomiZe 1998 : 

298). 

k. gamsaxurdias personaJebi saqarTvelosadmi mamuliSviluri 

grZnobiTa da damoukidebel saqarTveloze ocnebiT arian Sepyrobilni. 

saqarTvelos siyvaruli, misTvis Tavdadebaa maTi sicocxlisa da 

azrovnebis amosavali wertili. k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba, mTeli misi 

moRvaweoba CvenTvis swored am aspeqtiT xdeba saintereso. 

`Cven Zalauneburad aq Tvali gagvirbis `vazis yvavilobisaken", sadac 

SedarebiT Zlieria `Tanafardobis" principi Zvelisa da axlis 

Sepirispirebis procesSi, magram mainc Zvelis tendenciis gamomxatveli 

adamianebis Tu axlis samsaxurSi Camdgari Zveli Taobis adamianebis 

tipiuri niSnebis xatva gacilebiT Zlieria uSualod axali cxovrebis 

pirmSo adamianebTan SedarebiT~ (merkvilaZe 1963 : 77-78). 

g. merkvilaZis am mosazrebaSi kargad ikiTxeba is, rom k. gamsaxurdia 

Rrmad wvdeba Tanadroulobis literaturul problemebs. misi zogierTi 

personaJi (da gansakuTrebiT `vazis yvavilobis" personaJebi) swored 

TanamedroveobiT sunTqavs da suldgmulobs, magram Tavad g. merkvilaZec 

11

miuTiTebs, rom avtoris simpaTia mainc literaturuli kritikis mier 

`zedmet adamianad" Seracxul TaraS emxvarisaken ixreboda. es 

bunebrivicaa, rameTu TaraSi gaxlavT Zveli da momavlis saqarTvelos 

maradiuli Tanamdevi, ukvdavi suli. 

`k. savarsamiZe, TaraS emxvari, vaxtang korinTeli - es sameuli TiTqos 

nairsaxeobaa erTi xasiaTis. emigraciis sakiTxi da emigranti - usamSoblo 

kaci aris TiTqos is sampirovani saxe, romelic awuxebda mwerals. igi 

qmnis sam sxvagvar xasiaTs, isini avseben erTmaneTs, da amasTan TiToeuli 

maTgani Tavis adgilas esadageba im did socialur problemas, romelsac 

mxatvrulad warmogvisaxavs mwerlis mdidari fantazia. am sameulis 

prototipi SesaZloa farsman sparsi iyos - ùprincipo, gayiduli, 

usamSoblo kaci" (gv. 814). Cven migvaCnia, rom gamsaxurdias es personaJebi 

mravalsaxeobas qmnian, marTalia, isini CaduRabebulni ar arian 

saqarTvelos istoriaSi, magram erTi saerTo niSani yvelas axasiaTebs. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli fesvebidan arian amozrdilni da istoriis 

gaukuRmarTebuli speqtridan saTanadod ar ikiTxeba maTi erovnuli suli. 

`farsmani gadaegeba rogorc xelmocaruli kaci"... 

konstantine savarsamiZec gadaegeba, rogorc xelmocaruli kaci. 

TaraS emxvaric, es uaRresad ganaTlebuli, evropul civilizacias 

ziarebuli didgvarovani, gadaegeba, rogorc xelmocaruli kaci. da 

vnebaTa Widilis, samyaroTa Widilis, socialur ZalTa Serkinebis 

asparezze k. gamsaxurdia kidev erT sakiTxs - emigraciis sakiTxs svams da 

wyvets sabolood v. korinTelis saxiT" (CxeiZe, mnaTobi 1969: 122-123). 

irma CxeiZis am werilSic xazgasmiTaa gamokveTili samSoblosa da 

usamSoblobis tragedia, miTiTebulia farsman sparsis personaJis - 

ùprincipo, gayiduli, usamSoblo kacis" Sesaxeb da vrwmundebiT, rarig 

ZaluZs mkacr bedisweras niWis, adamianuri Rirsebisa da didi 

gvariSvilobis gaTelva, Tu igi mSobliur ideebsa da samSoblos fesvebs 

ar aris Seziarebuli da Cazrdili. 

`k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba imis naTeli magaliTia, Tu rogor unda iyos 

didi mwerali dakavSirebuli Tavis erovnul yofasTan, mis istoriasTan 

folklorul-eTnografiul samyarosTan; uamisod ver Seiqmneba TaobebisaTvis 

misabaZi, amaRlebuli gmirebis iseTi saxeebi, romlebic saboloo angariSiT 

zogadkacobriuls Seerwymian" (canava 1991: 55). 

12

apolon canavas es mosazreba da mTeli werili `miTosuri aspeqtebi 

vazis yvavilobaSi" erTxel kidev gvarwmunebs masSi, rom k. gamsaxurdias 

saintereso Semoqmedebis amosavali wertili erovnuli cnobierebis 

problemaa. yovelive, rac misi Semoqmedebis sayrdenia saqarTvelos 

warsulidan, misi erovnuli yofidan amodis. swored amitomacaa qarTuli 

miTosi ase sainteresod da mravalferovnad gaxmovanebuli k. gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebaSi. qarTuli miTosi - erovnuli aspeqtiT k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedebis erT-erTi saintereso Temaa da gvarwmunebs mwerlis naRd da 

Rrma erovnul-msoflmxedvelobaSi. Cven mier erovnul-miTosuri 

elementebi gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi gamokvleulia. ra Tqma unda, 

qarTul literaturismcodneobaSi es Tema sxva mkvlevarTac sainteresod 

aqvT mimoxiluli, magram Cven SevecadeT miTosuri problematika k. 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi erovnuli TvalsazrisiT gagveanalizebina da 

davrwmundiT kidec, rom qarTuli miTosi k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis erovnuli 

problematikis gamdidrebisa da gamravalferovnebis sayrdenia, rac 

saSualebas aZlevs mwerals Tavisi erovnuli mrwamsi mkiTxvelamde 

miitanos. 

`...sayvelpurio patriotizmi, RvTis wyalobiT, arasodes gvklebia 

maincadamainc. umTavresi sxva ram iyo, gacilebiT Znelad gansaxorcielebeli 

ram: saWiro iyo istoriuli sazrisis povna, manamde mxolod intuitiurad 

nagzneb iseT aspeqtTa mikvleva, warmoCena da dasabuTeba, romelTa wiaRSic 

WeSmaritad scnobda TavisTavs didi kulturul-istoriuli misiis mtvirTveli 

eri" (TvaraZe, ciskari, 1969 #12 : 70-71). 

revaz TvaraZe Tavadac TvalsaCino mamuliSvili da qarTuli 

literaturis piruTvneli Semfasebeli, ra Tqma unda, Rrmad wvdeboda k. 

gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis speqtrs da swored amitomac 

esaxeboda k. gamsaxurdia `mTliani saqarTvelos mesityved", qveynis 

erovnuli cnobierebisa da azrovnebis warmmarTvelad. 

Teimuraz doiaSvili, rogorc mkvlevari da moazrovne, yovelTvis 

gamoirCeva individualuri SexedulebebiT. am SemTxvevaSic igi 

sainteresod da marTlac individualurad moiazrebs k. gamsaxurdias 

erovnul da zogadad adamianur msoflmxedvelobas, sulobis, RvTaebrivis 

gaazrebiTa da aRiarebiT rogor SeiZleba mivideT kosmiur sulamde - 

werilSi `materiaze gavliT - sulobisaken" doiaSvili metad sainteresod 

13

gvixsnis `civilizaciis uaryofiT rogor miemarTebian k. gamsaxurdias 

personaJebi sulobisa da RvTaebrivobisaken." 

k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba yovelTvis iyo gajerebuli saqarTvelos 

erovnuli problemebiT, qarTuli sulis aRorZinebis ocnebiT. m. 

jaliaSvili Tavis naSromSi `qarTuli modernistuli romani" miuTiTebs, 

rom qarTuli modernizmis warmomadgenlebma da maT Soris k. gamsaxurdiam 

`qarTuli sulis renesansze" didad izrunes. 

`qarTuli modernizmis ideologebi iyvnen: a. jorjaZe, k. abaSiZe, 

cisferyanwelebi, k. gamsaxurdia. maTi werilebi aRsavsea qarTuli sulis 

renesansze fiqriT. am ocnebis gansaxorcieleblad ki, maTi azriT, saWiro 

iyo qarTuli sityvis ganaxleba, faseulobaTa gadafaseba", (jaliaSvili 

2006: 5). 

amave naSromSi m. jaliaSvili Zalian saintereso sakiTxs ayenebs - 

gansxvavebiT evropuli modernizmisagan qarTuli modernizmi gamdidrda 

erovnuli problematikiT da rac am SemTxvevaSi CvenTvis yvelaze metad 

sainteresoa, avtori aRniSnavs, rom sxva mwerlebsa da moRvaweebTan erTad 

k. gamsaxurdiamac didi roli iTamaSa qarTuli modernizmis erovnuli 

msoflmxedvelobiT gamdidrebis saqmeSi. 

igi wers: `qarTuli modernistuli romani bevri ramiT waagavs 

evropul modernistul romans, magram erTi arsebiTi niSniTac 

gansxvavdeba - es aris interesi erovnuli problemebisadmi. demna 

Sengelaias, konstantine gamsaxurdias, grigol robaqiZis romanebSi xan 

Sefarulad, alegoriebiT da simboloebiT, xan ki cxadad da gamWvirvaled 

irekleba saqarTvelos bedi. amiT is agrZelebs XIX saukunis romanis 

tradicias, magram, ra Tqma unda, problemis mxatvruli gadawyvetis gziT 

ki mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba" (jaliaSvili 2006: 12). 

miTiTebuli amonarididan naTeli xdeba, rogorc sxva qarTvelma 

modernistma mwerlebma, ise k. gamsaxurdiamac Tavis Semoqmedebis umTavres 

problemad ganaxleba da mxatvruli sityvis formis organizeba daisaxes 

miznad, magram qarTul romans SeunarCunes arsebiTi da umniSvnelovanesi - 

saqarTvelos erovnuli damoukideblobisa da mTlianobis problema. da 

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es sakiTxi k. gamsaxurdias xangrZlivi SemoqmedebiTi 

procesis warmmarTveli iyo da isic davamatoT, rom swored Tavisma 

14

erovnulma cnobierebam warmoaCina k. gamsaxurdia qarTveli eris sulis 

mesaidumled da usayvarles mwerlad. 

rogorc arsebuli samecniero literaturis analizma cxadyo, 

miuxedavad literaturismcodneTa didi interesisa, k. gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebaSi erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia qarTul 

literaturul kritikaSi arcTu ise Rrmad da mravalmxrivadaa 

ganxiluli. Cven gansakuTrebuli yuradReba davuTmeT im samecniero 

Sromebs, romlebic zogadad gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis kvlevas 

warmosaxavs da mivediT daskvnamde, rom faqtobrivad ar arsebobs naSromi, 

sadac kompleqsurad, yvela aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT iqneboda 

gamokvleuli k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli 

interpretacia, aqedan gamomdinare naSromis mecnieruli siaxle isaa, rom 

masSi kompleqsurad, monografiulad sakvlevi problematikis 

zogadTeoriuli aspeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT Seswavlilia mwerlis 

erovnuli cnobiereba. sadisertacio naSromSi pirveladaa gaanalizebuli 

mwerlis eseebsa da literaturul werilebSi k. gamsaxurdias mier 

Camoyalibebuli Sexedulebebi erovnuli cnobierebis Sesaxeb da maTi 

mxatvruli transformacia mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi. am mizniT sadisertacio 

naSromSi konkretulad gavaanalizeT mwerlis literaturuli werilebi 

da eseebi: `sityva, xati, musika" (1920 w.), `mozaikebi, magiuri Sandlebi" (1921 

w.), `kargi evropieli" (1922 w.), `tragediis warmoSoba mistikis sulidan" 

(1922 w.), `1921-1922 - 7 maisi" (1922 w.), `galaktion tabiZis Jurnali" (1922 w.), 

ìmpresionizmi da eqspresionizmi" (1922 w.), `goeTe Tu mistikosi" (1922 w.), 

àxali evropa, literaturuli parizi" (1924 w.), àpologia rusTavelisa" 

(1937 w.), `saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis" (1945 w.), `qarTuli enis 

meurneobisaTvis" (1956 w.), èris mTavari" (1962 w). 

sakiTxis am mimarTulebiT monografiuli Seswavla, faqtobrivad 

pirveli cdaa k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebisa. 

zemoaRniSnuli gansazRvravs problemis aqtualobasac, vinaidan k. 

gamsaxurdias literaturuli werilebisa da eseebis gaanalizebis gareSe 

SeuZlebelia mwerlis erovnuli cnobierebis srulad warmoCena. qarTul 

literaturul kritikaSi k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis sakiTxi 

sistemuri, mTliani saxiT araa warmodgenili, vfiqrobT, rom k. 

15

gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebisa da azrovnebis am kuTxiT warmoCena 

mniSvnelovani da aqtualuria. 

sadisertacio naSromis mizania SeviswavloT ramdenad Seesabameba k. 

gamsaxurdias mier Teoriuli xasiaTis werilebSi Camoyalibebuli 

mosazrebebi im mxatvrul koncefciebs, rac mis SemoqmedebaSi iCens Tavs, 

ganvixiloT Teoriuli da mxatvruli naSromebi erovnuli problematikis 

gaazrebis TvalsazrisiT. 

Cveni amocanaa avxsnaT da gavaanalizoT, Tu rogor aris gamovlenili 

k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebSi sinamdvilisa da warmosaxulis 

urTierTkavSiri, maTi monacvleoba, rogoria mwerlis simbolur- 

saxeobrivi azrovneba, rogor xdeba literaturul werilebSi 

gaxmovanebuli erovnuli ideebis xorcSexsma mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi. 

naSromis meTodologiuri da Teoriuli safuZvelia TvalsaCino 

qarTveli mwerlebis, mecnier-literaturismcodneTa, Tu fsiqologTa 

mxatvrul-esTetikuri da Teoriuli debulebebi, aseve k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedebis Semswavleli mkvlevarebis Sromebi, 

literaturaTmcodneobiTi xasiaTis samecniero literatura, sadac 

ganxilulia zogadad erovnuli cnobierebis, mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi 

meTodisa da misi individualuri stilis sakiTxebi. Cveni kvleva 

garkveulad iyenebs hermenevtikul meTodsac. 

disertaciis praqtikuli mniSvneloba. kvlevis Sedegebi da 

ganzogadebuli daskvnebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebiT dainteresebuli mecnier-mkvlevarebis mier, aseve saleqcio 

kursebSi gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. 

naSromis moculoba da struqtura sadisertacio naSromi èrovnuli 

cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi" 

Seicavs kompiuterze awyobil da dabeWdil 170 gverds da Sedgeba 

Sesavlis, sami Tavisa da daskvnisagan. 

Sesavali 

I. saqarTvelos politikuri orientaciis sakiTxi k. gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebaSi 

16

II. erovnuli cnobierebisa da xasiaTis TaviseburebaTa simboluri 

warmosaxva konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

III. dakarguli sazrisis Ziebisa da pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea k. 

daskvna 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

naSroms Tan erTvis gamoyenebuli literaturis sia. 

Tavi I 

saqarTvelos erovnuli orientaciis sakiTxi 

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

Cveni qveynis swrafvas evropisaken sakmaod grZeli da dramatuli 

istoria aqvs, mas Semdeg, rac 1453 wels Turqebma konstantinepoli aiRes 

da bizantiis imperiam arseboba Sewyvita, saqarTvelo danarCeni 

qristianuli samyarosgan didi xniT izolirebuli aRmoCnda, rasac 

umZimesi Sedegebi mohyva rogorc politikuri, ise kulturuli 

17

TvalsazrisiT, swored am izolaciis garRvevas isaxavda miznad sulxan- 

saba orbelianis (1658-1725) samwliani mogzauroba (1713-1716 wlebSi) 

italiasa da safrangeTSi, Tumca amaod - aqedan araferi gamovida. 

Cvens qveyanaSi, rogorc politikuri, ise kulturuli TvalsazrisiT 

axali xana iwyeba 1801 wlidan. politikurad saqarTvelo kargavs 

Tavisuflebas da ruseTis imperiis Semadgeneli nawili xdeba, xolo 

kulturulad, marTalia, swored am droidan iwyeba qarTuli kulturis 

evropeizacia, magram es procesi srulyofilad ver CaiTvleba, saqme is 

gaxlavT, rom evropul civilizaciasa da kulturas uSualod ki ar 

vukavSirdebodiT, aramed rusuli kulturis meSveobiT, romelic Tavad 

evropuli kacobriobis periferias warmoadgenda. 

dasavlur samyarosTan pirdapiri kavSiris damyareba pirvelad 

SesaZlebeli gaxda mxolod me-20 saukunis dasawyisSi, kerZod, 1918-1921 

wlebSi, roca ruseTis imperiaSi dawyebuli didi politikuri qaosis 

meSveobiT saqarTvelom sami wliT moipova damoukidebloba. magram male 

Cveni qveyana ruseTis imperiis memkvidre sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi 

aRmoCnda da evropul samyarosTan urTierToba saerTod SeuZlebeli 

gaxda. 

iliam da misma Tanamoazreebma Camoayalibes saukunis ideebi da 

idealebi, romelTa ganvrcoba da mxatvrul aspeqtSi warmosaxva momdevno 

Taobebma iTaves. ilia WavWavaZis erovnuli gezi da orientacia mudamJams 

iyo warmmarTveli k.. gamsaxurdias msoflmxedvelobisa, man udidesi 

zegavlena ganicada didi ilias erovnuli da politikuri mrwamsisa da 

gvarwmunebda kidec, rom saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis swored ilias gziT 

unda evlo mTel qveyanasa da yovel qarTvelsac, miTumetes moazrovne, 

samSoblos bediT dainteresbul moRvaweT, swored am rwmenis gamo iyo, 

rom k. gamsaxurdiam aseTi emociiT gamoxata ilias sikvdiliT gamowveuli 

tragedia. werilSi èris mTavari" k. gamsaxurdia wers: àlbaT bevr 

mweralsa da moRvawes SeSurdeboda misi tragikuli sikvdili, igi wavida 

Cvengan Seufasebeli, magram Tavisi sicocxlis dasasruliT man 

sikvdiliTa sikvdili daTrguna da Cven warmogvzarda misi didi ideebis 

qomagad da medroSed. sanamdis qarTveli xalxi iarsebebs am qveynad, ilia 

WavWavaZe marad icocxlebs qarTveli eris xsovnaSi" (èris mTavari", k. 

gamsaxurdia t. VI : 659). 

18

k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli suliskveTeba TavisTavad gagrZelebaa im 

ideebisa, romelic XIX saukunis 60-iani wlebidan momwifda saqarTveloSi. 

mwerlis istoriuli romanebi `didostatis konstantines marjvena", `daviT 

aRmaSenebeli", mxatvruli sityvis didostatTan erTad gvacnobs 

gulmxurvale mamuliSvils, romlisTvisac mwerloba TviTmizani ar aris, 

mis romanebSi upirvelesad daisva da gadaiWra saqarTvelos erovnuli 

orientaciis sakiTxi. marTalia romanebi `dionisos Rimili", `mTvaris 

motaceba" da `vazis yvaviloba" istoriuli ar aris magram, erovnul 

problemaTa saintereso gadawyvetas aqac axerxebs mwerali. k. 

gamsaxurdias novelebi Tu moTxrobebi `zarebi grigalSi", `tabu", `didi 

iosebi", àmbavi xuTasi bolniselisa", `qalis rZe" da sxva ZiriTadad 

mwerlis erovnuli msoflgancdis mxatvruli gaxmovanebaa. 

k. gamsaxurdias literaturuli werilebi, eseebi, narkvevebi Tu 

sxvadasxva dros warmoTqmuli sityvebi, saintereso masalas gvaZlevs 

mwerlis erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis Sesaswavlad. werilebi: `sityva, 

xati, musika" (1920 w.), `mozaikebi, magiuri Sandlebi" (1921 w.), `kargi 

evropieli" (1922 w.), `tragediis warmoSoba mistikis sulidan" (1922 w.), 

`1921-1922 - 7 maisi" (1922 w.), `galaktion tabiZis Jurnali" (1922 w.), 

ìmpresionizmi da eqspresionizmi" (1922 w.), `goeTe Tu mistikosi" (1922 w.), 

`Teatri da eqspresionizmi" (1923), àxali evropa, literaturuli parizi" 

(1924 w.), àpologia rusTavelisa" (1937 w.), `saliteraturo qarTulisaTvis" 

(1945 w.), `qarTuli enis meurneobisaTvis" (1956 w.), èris mTavari" (1962 w.) da 

sxva mwerlis erovnul pozicias gvaziarebs da gvarwmunebs, rom misi 

mTeli naRvawi mxatvruli Semoqmedeba, Tu zogadad literaturuli 

azrovneba erT mTlian speqtrs qmnis k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli 

orientaciis gasarkvevad. 

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad miviCnevT k. gamsaxurdias mosazrebebs 

erovnuli problemis dasmisa da gadaWris TvalsazrisiT werilebSi 

àpologia rusTavelisa" (1937), `kargi evropieli" (1922), `1921-1922 7 maisi" 

(1922), èris mTavari" (1962 w.), `qarTveloba da ucxoeTis genia" (1917 w.). 

àpologia rusTavelisa" gvamcnobs k. gamsaxurdias erovnul mrwamss 

qarTuli mwerlobis, qarTuli renesansis Zireul problemebs. qarTvelTa 

erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis CamoyalibebaSi udides rols TamaSobda 

zogadad qarTuli mwerloba da kerZod, rusTaveli da misi genialuri 

19

mxatvruli warmosaxva. `kargi evropieli" mwerlis garkveul 

gulistkivils gamoxatavs imis gamo, rom miuxedavad imisa, saqarTvelom 

garkveuli wvlili Seitana msoflio kulturis, kerZod, qristianuli 

kulturis ganviTarebaSi, jerovnad araa warmoCenili misi damsaxureba 

sayovelTo TvalsazrisiT, miTiTebulia ramdenime ucxoeli moRvawisa da 

maT Soris yvelaze Rrmad da safuZvlianadaa mimoxiluli artur laistis 

Rvawli qarTuli kulturis msoflio arenaze gatanis mcdelobis saqmeSi. 

miTiTebuli werilebidan calke unda gamovyoT - `1921-22 7 maisi", sadac 

Cveni qveynis warsulis gmiruli tragediebisa da saqarTvelos momavlis 

rwmenaa gacxadebuli, rom qarTvelTa damarcxebebi sxva ara iyo Tu ara 

`Zalis mokrefa axali gamarjvebebisaTvis, rom `did politikur 

katastrfebs, xSirad did sulier gamofxizlebisaken mihyavs eri". 

miTiTebulia, Tu ra did rols TamaSobs qarTuli mwerloba erovnuli 

cnobierebis CamoyalibebaSi da sabolood mtkiceba imisa, rom Cveni rwmena 

da imedi qarTveli eris brwyinvale momavlisadmi mudam ucvleli da 

uryevi iqneba". 

mwerlis zemoaRniSnuli werilebi erTi daniSnulebisaa, dagvanaxos 

saqarTvelos istoriuli misia, dagvexmaros erovnuli sulis gaRrmavebaSi, 

agvixsnas TiToeuli qarTvelis funqcia saqarTvelos sazogadoebasa da 

istoriaSi. 

k. gamsaxurdia mudam erTgulad sdarajobda qarTvelobis keras, 

eZebda xsnis gzas, Tumca, Zalian Zneli iyo im erTaderTi gzis migneba, 

romelic Senia da miTumetes maSin, rodesac politikuri brZolebis 

SuagulSi moqceulxar da aTasgvari zRudeebi gadagRobebia. mwerali 

uCioda brmasa da gauxarel moiras, iseTi kulturul-istoriuli 

amocanebi, rom dagvakisra aRmosavleTSi, romlis ganxorcielebamac Cveni 

saukeTeso energia da sisxli Seiwira (`kargi evropieli"). sxvadasxva 

gzebis mosinjvisas igi asec fiqrobda: òri kulturuli qrolva, 

dasavleTidan da aRmosvleTidan, romelic asuldgmulebda maTdami 

sinTeturad ganzraxul qarTul kulturas Cven metis daxarbebiT unda 

SevisunTqoT~ (`kargi evropieli", k. gamsaxurdia, t. VI, 1963 w., gv. 514), es 

iyo mwerlis Teoriuli Tvalsazrisi. 

romanSi `dionisos Rimili" gadatanilia is kamaTi 20-ian wlebSi, rom 

gaSliliyo da ver SeTanxmebuliyvnen saqarTvelo azias ekuTvnoda Tu 

20

evropas. umetesoba evropas amjobinebda, magram aseT dros sakiTxs 

umravlesoba ki ar wyvets, aramed WeSmariteba. 

konstantine savarsamiZe (`dionisos Rimili") Tavgadakluli eZiebs 

realur gzas. misi piradi tragedia gaigivebulia qveynis mware xvedrTan. 

misi yoymani da daeWveba gzajvaredinTan - udidesi tkiviliTaa 

gaJRenTili. 

20-iani wlebis eseistikisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac evropa erTaderT 

idealad dausaxavs, mwerali aq mesame gzas eZiebs, rogorc aziis, ise 

evropis miRma. 

- saqarTvelo mesame iqneba. 

misTvis es politikuri lozungicaa da esTetikuri mrwamsic. 

k. gamsaxurdia, rogorc Tavis mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi, ise 

literaturul werilebsa da eseebSic `qarTvelobis bedis varskvlavis 

maZiebelia". mas kargad esmis, rom axali gzebis Ziebisa da povnis gareSe 

ara mxolod qarTveloba, verc erTi eri ver daZlevs drois wamoWril 

urTules problemebs. werilSi `1921-1922 7 maisi" mwerali miuTiTebs `Cveni 

saukunis majiscema, Cveni msoflio dinamika iseTis mZafri ritmiT rokavs, 

rom is eri, romelic nervebdaWimuli ar moRunavs Tavis bedis etlis 

sadaves, igi an ufskrulSi gadaiCexeba, an ara da sadme msoflios yru 

SukaSi gaeCxireba" (`poeziis dRe~, #3, 1922 : 6). 

amdenad, migvaCnia, rom es mesame gza, romelzec k. savarsamiZe 

migvaniSnebs, es aris gza xsnisa, Seneuli, TviTmyofadi, sakuTari fesvebiT 

nasazrdoebi. 

sainteresoa gavixsenTo `mTvaris motacebaSi karolinasa da TaraSis 

saubari, romelSic didi da mcire erebis warmomadgenelTa ideuri 

Widilia areklili. 

`keTili fraus" msjeloba imperiuli azrovnebis tipiuri nimuSia. 

mcire erebis iersaxis SenarCunebaze saubari mas CamorCenad miaCnia. mis 

TvalSi progresul moazrovned is warmoCindeba, vinc Tvlis, rom 

afxazebma TavianTi zne-Cveulebebi unda ukuagdon da evropuli 

civilizaciis gzas daadgnen. uZvelesi tradiciebis, adaT-wesebis dacva 

ers, misi azriT, qveyanas gardauval daRupvas uqadis. 

ra Tqma unda mwerals, iseve rogorc `mTvaris motacebis" personaJs, 

TaraS emxvars, gansxvavebuli Sexeduleba aqvs. werilSi `magiuri 

21

Sandlebi" igi aRniSanvs: `kritikulma sulma daangria ojaxis tradiciebi... 

Cven dRes kriziss ganvicdiT, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise msoflios 

moqalaqeni. Cveni Taobis axal Taobas erTi ram aerTebs, - es aris uaryofa 

Cveni Tanamedroveobisa". sainteresoa mwerlis mimarTeba saqarTvelos 

Tanamedroveobisa Tu misi momavlisadmi, rac gadmocemulia werilSi `1921- 

1922 7 maisi". `Cven gulSic anTia CiraRdani qarTuli enis da qarTuli 

geniis siyvarulis cecxliT dakvesili... saqarTvelos gaRmerTeba, diax, 

Cven gvinda, Cven gvwyuria mistiuri siyvaruli saqarTvelosadmi..." 

orive werilis monakveTidan kargad igrZnoba mwerlis damokidebuleba 

saqarTvelos warsulisa da momavlisadmi. ra Tqma unda es ganwyobileba 

gasdevs mis personaJs - TaraS emxvarsac, magram karolinas Zvalsa da 

rbilSi aqvs gamjdari dampyroblis upirvelesi moTxovna `memsgavse me!",. 

misi survilia, qarTvelebs (afxazebs) sakuTari arc ena gaaCndeT, arc 

kultura, arc eTnikuri saxe, arc zneobrivi Rirebulebani. patara eris 

didTan Serwyma-aTqvefa, mSobliuri enis uaryofa, geografiuli 

saxelebisa da sakuTari gvar-saxelebis `gaevropeleba" - ai qveynis 

progresis karolinaseuli recepti. 

TaraSi Rrmad aanalizebs evropelTa `mzrunvelobis" WeSmarit arss, 

qarTvelTa gardaqmnas rom lamoben. maT am xalxis siyvaruli ki ar 

amoZravebT, aramed egoisturi swrafva, STanTqan, TavianT dauokebel madas 

Seswiron isini, maTi survilia, am uZvelesi kulturis mqone xalxs, aRarc 

sakuTari sulieri saganZuri hqondes, aRarc materialuri Rirebulebani. 

saqarTvelo, rogorc gamorCeuli kulturisa da tradiciebis mqone 

qveyana damoukidebeli unda iyos, evropisa da aziis gzajvaredinze unda 

moiZebnos mesame gza, sakuTari _ es gaxlavT konstantine gamsaxurdias 

esTetiuri mrwamsi. 

k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobiereba jer kidev bavSvobidan momwifda 

da Camoyalibda. bavSvobidanve ocnebobda igi rom saqarTvelosTvis didi 

galavani Semoevlo da mterTagan ase daecva `Svidi wlis biWi viqadnidi, 

wamovizrdebi da Cveni qveynis mtrebs gavJuJav-meTqi, mTeli Cemi siyrmis 

manZilze vocnebobdi, didi generali gavmxdariyavi, laSqari Semedgina da 

saqarTvelos mtrebi Sememusra". (gamsaxurdia t. VIII, 1967: 63) 

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvis gamo èrovnuli glovis 

niSnad Svidma kacma - konstantine gamsaxurdiam, aleqsandre abaSelma, 

22

pavle ingoroyvam, vaxtang kotetiSvilma, giorgi nikolaZem da sxvebma Savi 

Coxa-axaluxi Seikeres, rasac drodadro bralad sdebdnen" (sigua 1997: 86). 

`1926 wlis 21 Tebervals sruliad saqarTvelos mweralTa pirveli 

yriloba gaimarTa. upirvelesi, rac ainteresebda xelisuflebas iyo 

erTaderTi sakiTxi: `qarTuli mwerloba scnobs Tu ara am revolucias, 

romelic moxda. gamomsvlelebs Soris iyo konstantine gamsaxurdia `Cven 

aq gvekiTxebian: mogwonT Tu ara wiTelCabalaxiani saqarTvelovo. 

saqarTvelo ra ferisac unda iyos Cven gviyvars, mas Cven ver gaveqceviT da 

aq sayvedurebi gadaWarbebulia da es aris Sedegi swored im simwarisa, 

romelic dRemde arRvevda saqarTvelos guls". 

am sityvas didi rezonansi mohyva. gansakuTrebiT gamoTqmam 

`wiTelCabalaxiani" araerTi gamomsvleli gaaRiziana. Tavad mwerlisTvis 

ki uCveulo araferi momxdara. ramdenime wlis win (ufro zustad 1923 

wels) usayvedures `yalbi erovnuli ferebiT azrovneba" im publicistur 

werilebSi, romlebSic mavanTa azriT, ùcxoeTis qari hqris", konstantinem 

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli simkveTriT ganumarta maT, romelnic yvelafers 

cisfrad aRiqvamdnen, an amRvreul TvalebSi mxolod wiTeli feri edgaT: 

`rac Seexeba yalb erovnul ferebs, es gemovnebis saqmea, me axali 

saqarTvelos ferebi cota sxvanairad maqvs warmodgenili, vidre im xalxs, 

romelsac friad bundovani warmodgena aqvT feradebis moZRvrebaze" 

(niSnianiZe 2000: 12-13). 

saqarTvelo gauTaveblad arCevanis winaSe idga. mudam gzajvaredinze 

myofi eZebda xsnis gzas. bediswerad gadagveqca evropa Tu azia? 

`rusi cxeniT misdevs evropas, Cven ki TokiT migvaTrevs da gveubneba, 

ar CamorCeTo, Cvenc dasisxlianebuli mivrbivarT da gvgonia, rusi sikeTes 

gviSvrebao", - ambobs mixeil javaxiSvilis romanSi àrsena marabdeli" 

aleqsandre orbeliani. 

romanSi istoriuli simarTlecaa gamoTqmuli da gafrTxilebac, 

radganac àrsena marabdelis" Seqmnisas Cveni qveyana xelaxla moeqca 

rusul kabalaSi. 

`qarTuli xelovnebis dacarielebul darbazSi - wers vaxtang 

kotetiSvili - viRac frakiT SeiWra Sig da kedlebidan xaliCebi Camoxsna. 

Cveni sulis ugzoobis dros es `viRac" frakiT mogvevlina da ikisra gzis 

gakvleva. mzes zurgi Segvaqcevina"... 

23

erovnuli TviTmyofadobis dakargvis saSiSroeba, tradiciul 

faseulobebis dakargvis potencia anu `sulis ugzoobis dro" gareSe 

Zalis enTuziazms iwvevs da am dilemis winaSe udidesi sifrTxiliT 

dgebian qarTuli kulturis moRvaweni... 

aRmosavleTi Tu dasavleTi? garkveul tragikul fons qmnis is kamaTi, 

20-ian wlebSi rom gaSliliyo da vera da ver SeTanxmebuliyvnen, 

saqarTvelo azias ekuTvnoda, Tu evropas. 

vaxtang kotetiSvili werda: `Tvaldakrul evropam, maniakur eqstazis 

dros azieloba... velurobis sinonimad gamoacxada... gaevropelebam 

psixozis xasiaTi miiRo., evropam SegvSala da albaT wagvSlis kidec, Tu 

ase gagrZelda". is mtkiced idga Tavis Tvalsazrisze: aziaSi dagviRamda 

da aziaSive unda velodeT Cveni xelovnebis dilaso. ukan aziisaken win 

wasasvlelado (àziisaken") (èvropa Tu azia" 1997 : 202). 

grigol robaqiZec am mosazrebas emxroboda, magram verc evropas Tmobda. 

is werda: `da Cven SevCerdebi Sua gzaze: aRmosavalsac movcildiT da verc 

dasavals veziareT. mravali saukune vitanjeT Cven Sua gzaze yofiT... 

saqarTvelo xom natexia aRmosavleTis da Cven ar unda daviviwyoT Cveni 

akvani. Zvirfasia dasavleT evropa, magram evropisTvis aRmosavleTs Cven ver 

davTmobT. umjobesi iqneba, maTi qorwili qarTuli nadimiT gadavixadoT 

(`leila") SevinurCunoT aziuri fesvebi, magram veswrafodeT evropas - esaa gr. 

robaqiZis mrwamsi (èvropa Tu azia" 1997 : 263). 

tician tabiZec cdilobs aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis morigebas. 

`gafizis vardi me prudonis Cavde vazaSi, 

besikis baRSi vrgav bodleris borot yvavilebs". 

k. gamsaxurdiam kargad icis, rom yovel erovnul bunebasa da saxeSi 

sxvadasxva minarevebic moiazreba, wminda qarTuli, wminda erovnuli ver 

Seqmnis eris globalur saxes. saqarTvelos udidesi zegavlena ganucdia 

mezobeli qveynebis kulturebisac, magram yvelaze mniSvnelovani da 

saintereso isaa, rom ver moxerxda qarTveli eris im erovnuli gzidan 

gadayvana, rac misi arsebobis uZveles qvakuTxedSi Caido. sxvaTa 

zegavlena, Tundac sparsuli da Tundac bizantiuri - es mxolod 

Senakadebia, romelic TavisTavadobas kargavs, rodesac qarTuli 

erovnulobis Zlier mdinares erTvis. es azri k. gamsaxurdiasTvis ucxo ar 

24

iyo da amitomac acxadebs igi rom `sakuTar niadagze mdgarni or ZuZus 

vswovdiTo". 

werilSi `qarTveloba da ucxoeTis genia" mwerali wers: `Cveni 

istoriuli roli SemaerTeblisas hgavs. sparsul, mcireaziur kulturas 

elinur-bizantiurTan vakavSirebdiT da Cven erovnuls, specifikur qarTul 

saxesa da xats vaZlevdiT xolme. 

sakuTar niadagze mdgarni or ZuZus vswodiT, Cveni samSoblo or 

kulturul nakadis SemrTvel auzs warmoadgenda" (k. gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, 

1967). 

k. gamsaxurdias kargad esmoda, rom qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba or 

WrilSi unda dagvenaxa da gagvecnobierebina. social-politikur yofasTan 

erTad, religiis ZiriTadi problematikac unda gagveanalizebina da am 

ori arsis sinTezirebis fonze mogvenaxa Cveni samomavlo gza. yovelive 

amasTan erTad saqarTvelos geografiuli sivrce da mis mosazRvre 

qveynebis daukvirveblobac garkveul zians miayenebda saqarTvelos 

samomavlo daniSnulebas. SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqti, rom mwerals 

bavSvobidanve aocebda erekle meoris orsaxeoba, kerZod, sparsuli Calma 

da misi marTlmadidebloba, Tumca am faqtis saTanadod gagebis gareSe, 

verc saqarTvelos misias Seicnobda moazrovne, marTalia diametralurad 

sapirispiro atributika da politikuri mrwamsi iyo gamoxatuli, rogorc 

erekle meores suraTSi, ise mTel mis mefobaSi, magram swored 

saqarTvelos geosivrce iZleoda am orsaxeobis dasabams da es problema 

sainteresod aisaxeba k. gamsaxurdias werilSi `Teatri da eqspresionizmi". 

`vina sTqva, saqarTvelo aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis sintezi 

iqnebao? gana SeiZleba cecxlisa da wylis, Rrvanisa da aqtivizmis, 

qaosisa da kristalebis, dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis sintezi? es 

sinTeturi miswrafeba mudam groteskul karikaturebad iqceoda Cvens 

istoriul yofaSi. 

me bavSvobidan vuyureb saqarTvelos mefis irakli meoris suraTs da 

dRemdis gaugebaria CemTvis am didi pirovnebis gaorebuli saxeoba. Tavze 

sparsuli Calma da mkerdze annas ordeni - jvari - da es yovlad 

qristiani mefe Tavis sagvareulo Rerbze awerda: 

`me fexganbanilTa mier eklesia vadide". 

25

qarTuli Teatric da qarTuli literaturac amieridan maRali 

tribuna unda iqnes. Zveli formula SemovabrunoT Ex occidentis Lux:" (k. 

gamsaxurdia, t. VI, 1963 : 648). 

k. gamsaxurdias mTeli Segnebuli moRvaweoba da Semoqmedeba 

saqarTvelos momavalze fiqrs ukavSirdeba da rogorc mis warsuls, ise 

awmyosac sabolood im daskvnamde, mihyavs, rom am patara qveyanam sakuTari, 

damoukidebeli arsebobis gza unda monaxos. verc aRmosavleTisa da verc 

dasavleTisaken swrafvam ver SeZlo saqarTvelos TviTmyofadobis, misi 

potenciuri SesaZleblobis gamovlena-ganviTareba, verc azia da verc 

evropa uzrunvelyofs qveynis erovnuli interesebis srulyofas. 

saqarTvelom mesame gza unda ipovos da es mesame gza mis TavisTavadobaSi, 

mis damoukideblobaSi devs. am mesame gzis fesvebi saqarTvelos 

warsulSia saZiebeli, rom k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis modeli 

qveynis warsulis uRrmes SreebSi ikiTxeba. swored amitom cnobierisa da 

aracnobieris fenomeni, ase mZafri zeSTagonebiT warmoisaxeba k. 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi. k. gamsaxurdias romeli nawarmoebic ar unda 

aviRoT, masSi yovelTvis moiZebneba samSoblos siyvarulis idumali 

gancda. sadRac siRrmeSi, mxatvrul SreebSi yovelTvis ikiTxeba da 

xmiandeba Tavisuflebis idea da rac yvelaze mTavari da mniSvnelovania, 

es ideebi da mxatvruli saxeebi isea ganfenili, mxolod mxatvrul 

struqturas ki ar amdidreben, aramed didi STagonebiT xasiaTdebian da 

mkiTxvelSi erovnuli grZnobis akumulirebas iwveven. Tanac isic unda 

aRiniSnos, rom am STagonebis xarisxi izrdeba, rogorc mwerlis didi 

SemoqmedebiTi niWisa da energiis, ise misi uaRresad didi sulieri da 

gonebrivi ganaTlebulobis gamo. filosofiisa da fsiqologiis 

gamowvlilviT Seswavlam, maTi Zireuli problemebis sakuTar gonebriv 

prizmaSi gatarebam mwerlis SemoqmedebaSic axali mxatvrul-saxeobrivi 

azrovnebis speqtri Seqmna. k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis 

Semecnebisas unda SevecadoT mis nawarmoebebSi amovikiTxoT is 

saidumloeba, rasac miTosuri arqetipebi qmnis da upirvelesad vicodeT 

Tavad miTosi ra aris; miTosi sityvaSi kondensirebuli adamianTa 

saukunovani idumali ocneba da SegrZnebaa, saxeldebulad vergagebuli is 

azri da grZnoba, romelic vulkaniviT moedineba saukuneTa Sreebidan da 

Cvenive Tavis, Cvenive saxis SemecnebaSi gvexmareba, miTSia daxatul- 

26

gaazrebuli istoriis, mecnierebisa da xelovnebis uzogadesi da 

umniSvnelovanesi problemebi, kacobriobis istoria miTidan iwyeba da 

swored miTosze dayuradebiT, misi arqetipuli saxe-simboloebis axsniTa 

da mxatvruli gaanalizebiT araTu calkeuli erebis, msoflios 

warsulica da momavalic SeiZleba amovikiTxoT. upirvelesad ki 

SesaZlebelia eris, erovnuli majiscema, misi erovnuli msoflmxedveloba 

Seicno. umiTod da uwarsulod erovnuli cnobierebis formireba 

SeuZlebelia. 

aqedan gamomdinare rodesac vayenebT problemas èrovnuli 

cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmdebaSi" 

TavisTavad cxadia, mwerlis erovnuli cnobierebis ganmsazRvrel im sawyis 

modelebze unda gadavitanoT yuradReba, rac mwerlis erovnul 

TvalTaxedvas ayalibebs. SeiZleba Tamamad ganvacxadoT, rom k. 

gamsaxurdias erovnuli msoflmxedveloba im zRaprebidan, miTebidan, 

legendebidan, Tqmulebebisa da ambebidan iwyebs formirebas, rasac 

gamdelis - ekaisagan ismenda ymawvili. miTebisa da legendebis gareSe 

cxovreba, rom sisxlisagan daSretili sicocxle da arsebobaa, amaze TviT 

k. gamsaxurdiac miuTiTebs: 

`... aba Tqven iciT, ra Znelia poetisaTvis krizisi? krizisi Cveni 

sulis gamofxizlebaa zmanebisa da miTis jadosagan. 

104). 

krizisi? ideebis siRaribe, stilis krizisi?" (gamsaxurdia, t. I 1992 : 

`qarTuli kulturis krizisi maSin iwyeboda xolme, rodesac misTvis 

daixSveoda gza msoflio azrovnebis simaRleebisaken, an kidev mxolod 

erTi mimarTulebiT iyo gaxsnili es gza... 

qarTuli renesasnuli suliskveTebis aRorZineba uwinares yovlisa 

niSnavda azrovnebis iseT simaRles da interesTa sferos iseT sifarToves, 

romelic aucilebelia universaluri wyobis faseulobaTa Sesaqmnelad. 

xelovnebis sxva dargTagan mwerlobam pirvelma daayena xelaxla qarTuli 

kulturis sinTezurobis problema. am problemis gamo wuxili met-naklebi 

intensivobiT gamovlinda Cveni drois yvela didi mwerlis naazrevSi. 

konstantine gamsaxurdia erT-erTi pirveli iyo meoce saukunis 

dasawyisi xanis qarTvel moRvaweTagan, romlis winaSec mTeli sigrZe- 

27

siganiTa da siRrmiT wamoiWra aRniSnuli problema" (`ciskari", 1969 #12: 

70-71). 

ùmiTod yofna. 

CvenTvis: ar yofna 

SubliT vexlebi axal dros, miToss moklebuli dro, evropis 

sulieri krizisi, srulebiT ar aris stilis krizisi an ideebis siRaribe, 

miToss moklebuli dro unda daZleul iqnes. 

... pirvelTaganve iyo miTi. am qveynad yovelive miTiT Seiqmna, rac ki 

ram Seiqmna. miTi win uswrebda adamianis yofnas. 

arsebobs bediTi wuTi, roca sagani gamoaCens Tavis bunebas da es 

sagani, romlisac yvelaze metad eSinia mxedars - civilizebuli 

sinamdvilea, sinamdvilis arseboba didxans asatani iyo, magram Camodga 

bediTi wuTi, roca adamianis sulis harmonia dairRva... gza mivceT miTs, 

romelic saSinels fantaziis sferoSi gadaitans" (gamsaxurdia, t. I 1992 : 

104). 

f. nicSe Tvlida, rom berZnuli tragedia iyo umaRlesi xelovneba, 

romlis umjobesi kacobriobas araferi Seuqmnia. amitom adamianis sulisa 

da kulturis asaRorZineblad saWiroa berZnuli tragediuli xelovnebis 

aRorZineba. berZnuli xelovnebis safuZveli iyo miTi. axal xelovnebas, 

romelic kriziss ganicdis da romelic berZnuli tragediis simaRleze 

unda avides, safuZvlad miTi unda daedos. nicSes es azri 

ewinaaRmdegeboda sinamdvilisadmi adamianis damokidebulebis ganviTarebas. 

k. gamsaxurdiam marTlac miTebSi, legendebsa da zmanebebSi eZia 

erovnuli cnobierebis Zirebi. swored im Sreebamde mivida, saidanac Cveni 

samSoblo-saqarTvelo iwyeba da agvixsna iqedan moyolebuli, rogor 

iqmneba da mdidrdeba Cveni erovnuli Tvalsawieri, radgan didma mweralma 

da moazrovnem kargad icoda, maradiuli wrebrunvis Sesaxeb, rac 

zogadkacobriobis istoriis Tanamdevia, magram calkeuli erebis 

cxovrebis wesia, da erovnuli Semecnebis ganmsazRvrelicaa. 

`maradiuli dabrunebis idea nicSes erTi umTavresi ideaa: igi àse 

ambobda zaratustras" mesame nawilis im TavSia gamoTqmuli, romelsac 

`gamojansaRebuli" ewodeba. 

`yoveli midis, yoveli brundeba; marad brunavs borbali yofisa, 

yoveli kvdeba, yoveli kvlav hyvavis, marad rbis weli yofisa". 

28

`marad uku moiqceva is, adamiani, romliT Sen moiqance, patara 

adamiani"... 

`yovelni saganni marad uku iqcevian da Cvenc maTTan" 

`me TviT maradi ukubrunvis mizezisa var!" 

`kvlav marad uku viqcevi ama da amave cxovrebad, didiT da mcirediT, 

raTa kvlav vaswavo yvela saganTa ukuqceva". 

es nicSes erT-erTi umTavresi ideaa, magarm rTuli da bundovani, 

maradiuli dabrunebis ideis nairnairi interpretacia arsebobs. erekle 

tatiSvilis Targmnili èse ityoda zaratustras" bolosityvaobaSi Tamaz 

buaCiZe aseT ganmartebas aZlevs mas. 

`yvelaferi, rac SeiZleboda momxdariyo, ukve moxda! moxda maradiul, 

usasrulo warsulSi. swored imitom, rom igi usasrloa, moxda yvelaferi, 

rac mosaxdenia. es ki niSnavs, rom warsuli da momavali ar arian 

dapirispirebulni, rogorc es aqamde Canda. yvelaferi ukve moxda. amitom 

momavlisaken svla warsulisaken svlaa. dro aris wre. yvelaferi 

meordeba. yvelaferi rac iyo kvlav brundeba. winsvla da ukansvla. 

momavali isaa, rac iyo. warsuli isaa, rac iqneba. is rac axlaa, marad iyo 

da marad ganmeordeba". 

grigol robaqiZis azriT, `miTiurma ar icis drois dineba. dro ar 

icnobs warsuls, awmyos da momavals. miTiurSi maradiuli awmyoa. 

maSasadame, is, rac miTiurSi arseboda, arsebobs dResac. 

maradiuli dabrunebis koncefciiT, yvelaferi meordeba, yvelaferi, 

rac iyo, kvlav brundeba. aq miTiuri da maradiuli dabruneba, erTmaneTs 

gadaejaWva, erTian azrad Camoyalibda" (baqraZe 1999 : 102-103). 

nicSes maradiuli dabrunebis idea Rrma filosofiuri azrovnebis 

gamomxatvelia, magram am ideis ganfenilobaSi SeiZleba erovnuli 

cnobierebis problema vigulisxmoT da saqarTvelos warsulidan 

gamomdinare, misi momavalic viwinaswarmetyveloT _ SeiZleba viwamoT, rom 

Cvens ers daubrundeba is amaRlebuli rainduli Tvisebebi, rac odesRac 

hqonda. es iyo konstantine gamsaxurdias ocneba. mwerali rom saqarTvelos 

istoris im monakveTs datrialebda misi fiqri da ocneba, roca eris 

teritoriuli da sulieri mTlianoba ase sanukvari Cans Tanamedroveobis 

prizmidan. swored amitom iyo rom mxatvrul sinamdviled gardaqmnida am 

29

drois istoriul realobas da Tanamedroveobasac gmiruli suliT 

aRanTebda. 

rogorc yoveli kacTagani, k. gamsaxurdiac Tavisi bavSvobidan 

modioda. bavSvobaSi yoveli adamiani metnaklebad pirvelqmnil arsebas 

hgavs da Tavisi arsebobis am monakveTSi yvelaze metad sjera imis, rasac 

eTayvaneboda pirvelkaci. 

`mamiseuli saxli CemTvis iyo uzarmazari sasaxle, Cemi sawoli 

oTaxidan mosCanda oqroskalTiani zecis Tvalsawieri, romelic 

SeRamebisas ayvavdeboda xolme narinjisferi RrublebiT da feeriuli 

ferebis liclici sixaruliT avsebda Cems bavSvur guls~ (gamsaxurdia t. 

VIII, 1967: 59). 

saerTod qarTuli da kerZod, megrul ojaxebSi aRzrda - ufros- 

umcrosobis, ded-mamis pativiscemis, zrdilobis da adamianobis Sesaxeb 

araerTgzisaa miTiTebuli. TviT konstantine gamsaxurdias `landebTan 

lacicSi", am faqtis dadasturebaa, rom dedis saxe da misdami siyvaruli 

da Tayvaniscema mTeli sicocxle gasdevda konstantines da TiTqmis am 

mSobliur grZnobasTanaa daaxloebuli gamdelis saxec. 

`Cveni gadia ekaia, dedaCemis Semdeg yvelaze metad miyvarda 

axlac maxsovs, rogor Camikravda igi mkerdSi. cremlmoreuli metyoda! 

me male movkvdebi, Sen ra geSveleba, Cemo imedo, uCemod.. 

samzareuloSi mas hqonda uamravi xati, moclilobis Jams niadag 

loculobda. 

mTvaris moqcevis ambebi icoda kargad da yvelaferi, rac me davwere 

`didostatis konstantines marjvenaSi" da `mTavris motacebaSi", mTvaris 

moqcevisa da paganisturi, warmarTuli ambebis gamo, es yovelive ekaias 

Segonebebidan maqvs aRebuli, misgan maqvs ganagoni uamravi kolxuri 

legendebi, zRaprebi, Selocvebi... 

me ukve aRar maxsovs is alegoriuli locvebi, romelsac ekaia 

aRavlenda xolme qristes, wminda giorgis da RvTismSoblis mariamis 

saxlze, roca igi religiur eqstazs miecemoda. 

ekaias Zlier moswonda Cemi idumali ganzraxva, diakvnad gaxdomis 

gamo. egec unda gavamxilo: ekaias es pativi ecotaveboda CemTvis. 

metyoda kidevac 

30

`ratom diakvnoba, mere mRvdeli unda gaxde an episkoposi, bolos 

sibereSi kaTalikosi da saqarTvelo daixseni urjuloebis xelidan" 

(gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, 1967: 76-77). 

k. gamsaxurdias bavSvur ocnebaSi SemoWrili ekaias Segoneba - 

saqarTvelo urjuloTa xelidan daexsna - saqarTvelos momavali 

ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis orientiri gaxda. 

Tundac is faqti, rom wminda giorgi k. gamsaxurdias sulis meoxi, 

TiTqmis qristeze aRmatebulia misi warmosaxviTi, Tavad mwerali gvixsnis, 

rom es azri bavSvobis gancda-mogonebaTa gamomxatvelia. 

`CemTvis didxans gaugebari darCa rad awames mwignobrebma da 

urjuloebma qriste, an rogor moxda es, golgoTaze dafluli macxovari 

rom aRsdga mkvdreTiT? 

qristeze metad miyvarda wminda giorgi, romelic Cveni eklesiis 

saxatesTan iyo daxatuli. 

diakoni evgeni maCvenebda TeTr taiWze mjdar rainds, romelic 

maxvils aZgerebs uzarmazar urCxuls. 

diakoni dabejiTebiT amtkicebda: wminda giorgi Cveni mfarvelia da 

igi sdarajobso Cvens saqarTvelos. 

roca quxili atydeboda, ekaia gviambobda am uSiSi raindis vaJkacobis 

gamo, romlis raSis torebis TqaraTquri moismoda RrubeliviT 

wagragnili cidan. 

da es ucnauri epitafia gmirobisa mxneobiT mosavda saswauliT 

kidemdis aRvsil Cems suls~ (gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, 1967 : 77). 

wminda giorgis saxe-simboloSi zogadad mTeli saqarTvelo SeiZleba 

vigulisxmoT. wminda giorgisebri SemarTeba damaxasiaTebelia 

qarTvelTaTvis mterTan brZolaSi. Tavgameteba da Tavganwirva ideisTvis, 

TavisuflebisTvis da ZiriTadad samSoblosTvis. yvela ers miseburad 

uyvars samSoblo, magram qarTvels TiTqos meeqvse gansakuTrebuli 

grZnoba aqvs samSoblos Semecnebisa. mravalTagan mravali brZeni, niWieri, 

xalasi grZnobis qarTvelTa azriTaa gajerebuli TviT konstantineseuli 

samSoblos siyvaruli. 

`saqarTvelodan berlinSi, parizSi, ciurixSi, romsa Tu londonSi 

moxvedril axalgazrdas emuqreboda udidesi safrTxe - imdenad moenusxa 

an sulac gaesrisa iqaur kulturas, rom yovelive erovnulisaTvis 

31

sabolood zurgi Seeqcia, skepsisiT gamsWvaluls orientacia daekarga da 

unugeSo kosmopolitad qceuliyo... dResdReobiT qarTvel kacs sakmaod 

naTlad aqvs (yovel SemTxvevaSi - unda hqondes) garkveuli Tavisi eris 

kulturuli raoba da Cinebulad moexseneba, rom aravis winaSe ar marTebs 

morcxvad Tavis daxra. bevr, Zalian bevr axalgazrdas aubnia Tavgza 

evropuli kulturis didebul mwvervalTaTvis Tvalis gasworebam, radgan 

ukompasod uxdebodaT am damaTrobel simaRleTa molaxva. 

es iseTi seni iyo, misi sawinaaRmdego imunitetis gamosamuSaveblad ar 

gamodgeboda martooden sulieri mxneoba da urapatriotizmis mJave-mJave 

abebi. saamisod aucilebeli iyo kacs agreTve hqonoda arcTu iolad 

saSovneli wamali, azrovnebis Zalmosilebad saxeldebuli. da kidev: 

iSviaTi unari saqveyno saqmisTvis piradulis daTmobisa, daucadebel 

SromaSi samSoblosTvis Tavis dadebisa" (TvaraZe, ciskari, #12, 1969 : 70-71). 

k. gamsaxurdias swamda, rogorc Tanamedrove, ise gardasul 

mamuliSvilTa naazrevisa da Tavadac amdidrebda da amravalferovnebda 

mamulisa da mamuliSvilobis cneba-ideas. konstantine gamsaxurdiasTan 

erTad, yvela mis Tanamedrove moazrovne qarTvels mohyveboda iliasgan 

miRebuli muxti samSoblos siyvarulisa, da yvela maTgans garkveulad 

individualuri, magram umTavresad saerTo erovnuli msoflmxedveloba 

gaaCnda, rac TiToeulisagan samSoblosadmi uangaro siyvarulsa da 

misTvis araTu Tavdadebas, TavSewirvasac gulisxmobda. 

mixako wereTeli ganmartavs: 

`...teritoriis mniSvneloba ubralo sityva ar aris. igi diadia da 

upirvelesi. arc istoriul teritorias aqvs uazro mniSvneloba. is nawili 

teritoriisa, romelic odesme SeiZleba sxva elementiT iyos dasaxlebuli, 

mainc Tavis kanonier patrons ekuTvnis marTlis TvalTaxedviT, Tu, 

rasakvirvelia, erovnuli elementi iq savsebiT ar aris aRmofxvrili. Tu 

igi eris teritoriis organuli nawilia, darCenili aris odnav mainc misi 

kulturuli da istoriuli naSTi, Tu eris gulSi mexsiereba am axlo 

warsulSi kidev Rvivis, ers sruli ufleba aqvs misi dabrunebisa da 

Tavisi kulturis ayvavebisa, Tumca misi movaleobaa im elementTa 

uflebaTa pativiscema, romelnic mas droTa viTarebaSi CamoTeslebia.... aq 

Cveni mosaxleoba kidev darCenila, darCenila Cveni istoriuli naSTebi, 

Cveni kultura aq yvavoda, ager axla, axlo warsulSi, Cvens istoriul 

32

mexsierebaSi es nawilebi mWidrod aris Caqsovili da iq dasaxlebul ucxo 

elementebs araviTari pretenziis wamoyenebis ufleba ara aqvT, garda maT 

uflebaTa Cven mier pativiscemisa. es teritoria Cveni ori aTasis wlis 

sakuTrebaa, da sruli ufleba gvaqvs iq xelaxla avayvavoT saqarTvelo. 

Cven igi gvWirdeba da im mizeziT, rom igi istoriulma bedma wagvglija 

droebiT, axlo warsulSi ver davsTmobT am saWiroebasa" (wereTeli 1990 : 

112). 

rodesac k. gamsaxurdias Taobis, Tu winaTaobel moazrovneTa 

msoflmxedvelobas vecnobiT, erTi saintereso daskvna SeiZleba gavakeToT 

- misi personaJebi TavianTi erovnuli msoflmxedvelobiT im saxeebs 

ganasaxiereben, romelic epoqis sulsa da gonebas Seesabameba. ra Tqma 

unda, vgulisxmobT ara sabWoTa epoqas - aramed damoukidebeli 

saqarTvelos drosa da majiscemas, roca individualuri msoflxedva da 

samSoblosadmi uangaro damokidebulebis grZnoba Rvivdeboda da 

mwifdeboda erSi. 

miuxedavad amisa, es dro Zalian xanmokle aRmoCnda, mas mainc udidesi 

mniSvneloba hqonda òcnebaCakluli" xalxis gamofxizlebisaTvis. am 

SemTxvevaSi TavisTavad is ki ar iyo arsebiTi, rom Cvenze yovelmxriv 

aRmatebuli dampyroblis zegavlenis qveS veqceodiT, aramed is, rom es 

aRmatebuloba xalxSi Tavisuflebis suls axSobda. qreboda miTi odesRac 

saqarTvelos Zlierebisa da damoukideblobisa; ocnebaCaklul xalxSi 

eris funqcia ikargeboda. damoukideblobis Tundac im xanmokle periodma 

udidesi roli iTamaSa xalxis erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRviZebaSi. 

gansakurTebuli mniSvneloba hqonda mas xelovani adamianebisaTvis. 

erisaTvis teritoriul dapyrobaze uaresi xelovnebis deformirebaa, Tu 

Tavisuflebis ideas axmovanebs xelovneba, Tundac saxe-simboloebis, 

Tundac alegoriuli mxatvruli sistemiT, aseT erSi rac unda aRmatebuli 

iyos masze mteri, odesme udavod ifeTqebs erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebeli 

moZraoba, radganac yoveli didi saqme ideidan ibadeba. 

`1962 wlis maisSi, Tbilisis 61-e skolas swvevia qarTuli prozis 

didostati, batoni konstantine gamsaxurdia, saRamos Tbil, gulaxdil 

viTarebaSi Cauvlia. Sexvedris bolos ki, baton konstantines ubrZanebia: 

`me vtoveb iseT Svils, romelic ar mouTmens am wyobas ukanonobas, 

SeebrZoleba imperias, ibrZolebs saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis, 

33

ibrZolebs mSvidobiani gziT. vici is gaimarjvebs, daamarcxebs komunistur 

wyobas saqarTveloSi, magram es gamarjveba iqneba xanmokle. meeWveba, 

gadaurCeba Tu ara igi did imperias Sinauri mtrebis SemweobiT, rogorc 

es araerTxel momxdara saqarTvelos istoriaSi" (gaz. `nikolaZis gziT" 

2009 : 15). 

damoukideblobis TiTqmis samma welma (1918-1921 ww.), politikur- 

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT didi veraferi misca qveyanas, magram umTavresi 

problema gamokveTa-SesaZlebloba Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisa, 

anu konkretulad gamokveTa idea saqarTvelos momavlisa da rac yvelaze 

metad sagulisxmoa, xelovnebas daniSnuleba misca, ara dampyrobelTa 

`samogvis Tasmebis lokva" unda gamxdariyo imdroindel SemoqmedTa mizani, 

aramed Zieba im gzisa, romelic kvlav aRanTebda ers moqmedebis surviliT, 

romelic xels Seuwyobda eris potenciur SesaZleblobaTa gamovlenas. 

naRdi da xalasi xelovnebis daniSnuleba swored ase Seicnoboda, xolo 

meoreni drois msaxurebad iqceodnen da samomavlo asparezisTvis ocnebac 

warmoudgenlad miaCndaT, isini Semoqmedebad arc CaiTvlebodnen, isini 

mxolod drois msaxurni iyvnen da ara xelovnebisa. Tu raoden sworad 

Seicno konstantine gamsaxurdiam epoqis majiscema, raoden sainteresod 

gadaxarSa Tavis SemoqmedebiT quraSi arsebuli sinamdvile, es 

sainteresod ikiTxeba rogorc mis mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi, ise 

publicistikaSi. 

k. gamsaxurdias yoveli nawarmoebi, yoveli esse, Tu werili erTi 

daniSnulebisaa, Segvacnobinos saqarTvelos bediTi borblis triali da 

dagvexmaros Cvenive sulisa da daniSnulebis SemecnebaSi: 

`Cvenma saukunem uaryo yovelive religia, viTarca faqtori da saTave 

kulturisa da sanacvlod gaamefa praqtikuli religia socializmisa. 

yovel epoqas, yovel saukunesa da Taobas Tavisi momnaniebeli hyavs. `Cvenc 

xSirad gvesmis dRes TanamedroveTa sayveduri, rom Cvens dros iseTi 

musikosebi aRar hyavs, rogoric iyvnen rixard vagneri da sebastian baxi, 

arc didi stilis filosofia, arc didi stilis xelovneba. 

rom am dros poetebi protokolistebi arian, misi memusikeni- 

mTargmnelebi, misi moazrovneni - unayofo feletonistebi, misi xelovan- 

kabares moSaireni da Wleqiani bohemelebi. 

34

amitomac eSinia Cven dros Tavisi saxis sarkis, Segneba usrulobisa 

ukmayofilebis pirvel wyaroa! axali suli grZnobs, rom materialuri 

faqtori warmavlobis mtveria, mxolod aki gvarwmunebda karlail, rom 

mTeli londonsitis simdidre erT sacodav fexsacmelebis mwmendels ver 

gaamdidrebso!.. 

... ukuviqceT RvTaebriv gulubryvilobisken, ukuviqceT im ucnob 

RmerTisaken, romelic iWvneulis RimiliT gvicdis Cven Cveni sulis 

siRrmeSi!.. 

... metafizikuri Sandali fantaziisa unda avanToT iseve, rogorc gza 

gavunaToT Cven ukan momaval Taobebs. ase mesmis me Cveni Taobis valmoxda 

da amocana" (`magiuri Sandlebi~, `xelovneba", #2 - 1921 : 8). 

Tu cisferyanwelebi Tvlidnen, rom òcnebaCakluli" qarTveli 

xalxisaTvis unda eCvenebinaT momavlis gza, k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis am 

praqticizmisa da manqanis zeobis epoqaSi mTeli msoflio 

òcnebaCaklulia" da xelovnebis misiaa, rom avanToT `metafizikuri 

Sandali fantaziisa~ unda. maqsimaluri sifxizlea aucilebeli 

adamianisa da xelovnebis bediT dainteresebul SemoqmedTagan, rogorme 

SeunarCunon pulsacia xelovnebas, rogorme Seqmnan noyieri niadagi 

moazrovneTaTvis da unayofoba-nayofierebad gardaqmnas. 

gana amaod acxadebs k. savarsamiZe `me vityvi sityvas - aTasebi yurs 

damigdeben, me vityvi sityvas mSvenierze da RvTaebrivze da Cemi sityva Tu 

daeca fxvier yamirze, am sityvas merme aTasebi isev ityvian" (`dionisos 

Rimili~, 7). 

e.i. poeziam suli unda aunTos, òcnebaCakluls" aTasebs, milionebs. 

adamians isev unda daubrunos sicocxlis xalisi, moqmedebis survili 

poeziam da sityvis ZaliT aRavsos adamianebi, Tavisuflebis paTosi im 

Zalad unda gadaiqces, erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobas rom 

warmarTavs da uwinamZRvrebs, Tumca rogorc gamsaxurdias personaJebi 

fiqroben, kapitalizmma pirovneba Cakla adamianSi, Sesabamisad sityvac 

`gladiatoriviT" kvdeba scenaze: 

`Cveni saubri Tanamedrove poezias gadawvda. 

ìs rac dRes Cvens xelovnebaSi xdeba, gaugonari ramea, ganagrZo 

meniem, sityva gladiatoriviT kvdeba scenaze, poeziaSi sityva riTmebis 

akrobatikam daCrdila". 

35

`mizezi?" 

`kapitalizmis karuselma mokla adamianis pirovneba, sadac pirovnuli 

gancda da gmiruli grZnoba ar aris, iq sityva fuRuroa". 

7). 

yvelaferi sisulelea pirovnuli gancdis gareSe" (gamsaxurdia 1992 : 

...`burJuaziam Sehqmna evropuli krizisi, Caeria isev doqtor romeri, 

amitomacaa, es saocari mkvdris suni evropul Teatrs, poeziasa da mTels 

xelovnebaSi" (`dionisos Rimili~, 23). 

arada k. gamsaxurdiasa da misi personaJebis portretebSi mkveTrad 

aisaxeba sicocxlis siyvaruli, sicocxliTa da mSvenierebiT Trobis 

misteria. aqedan iRebs saTaves maTi samoqmedo energia da swamT, rom es 

energia da Zala samSoblos keTildReobasa da misi TavisuflebisaTvis 

brZolas unda moaxmaros adamianma. rogorc konstantines, ise misi 

personaJebis calkeuli cxovrebiseuli epizodebisTvis sulieri krizisi 

da nihilizmicaa damaxasiaTebeli, magram isini Sida mdinareebis uxilavi 

wyaroebiT maragdebian da zogjer sikvdilamde misulni feniqsisebr kvlav 

ganaxlebuli energiiT ivsebian. 

`da energia? 

energia imdeni, samxreT saqarTvelos mTebic vaburTao, ar daviRlebi". 

acxadebs savarsamiZe mravalWirnacadi, TiTqmis mravalsikvdilgamovlili 

da isic sainteresoa, rom swored saqarTvelos mTa-veli, misi mTebi da 

jadoqmnili bunebaa personaJisTvis ganuzomeli energiis mimniWebeli da 

mTeli es energia, personaJebs upirvelesad samSoblos dasaxsnelad, misi 

keTildReobisaTvis surT. im gzis ZiebisTvis, romelic maT samSoblos 

Tavisuflebas aziarebs swored k. gamsaxurdias personaJTa Tavisuflebis 

ideali aris ukompromiso da Seuvali. maT ZaluZT Tavisi sicocxle 

zvarakad miitanon samSoblos sakurTxevelze, oRond nanatri 

Tavisufleba, miiRos erma. 

am gzis ZiebaSi araerTgzis daRamebiaT maT, araerTgzis sikvdilic 

wamoweviaT, magarm sanam pirSi suli udgaT, moqmedeben da gawbilebulnic 

axal gzas eZieben. 

àba es miTxari jibuti, (mekiTxeba, isev taia Selia) es marTalia, Sen 

lemencebis xenwifesTan misulxar da Cveni xalxis gaWirveba SegiCivlia". 

36

ès nawilobriv marTalia, mordu, veubnebi taia Selias, magram me 

marto ara vyofilvar, Cven, ramodenime qarTvelma omi gamovucxadeT 

rusebis xenwifes da mere Cven lemencebis xenwifesTan piroba SevkariT, 

Cven unda movxmarebodiT lemencebis xenwifes da Tu is gaimarjvebda, Cveni 

saqarTvelo CvenTvis unda daebrunebina. 

`ki mara, baba, meubneba taia Selia, risebis xenwifes rom oms 

ucxadebdiT, visi an risi imedi gqondaT? risebi qviSasaviT uricxvia da 

Cven cota. es xom icodiT? 

`Cven im RmerTis imedi gvqonda, baba, Cven rom gvexmareboda qviSasaviT 

uricxv mtrebis winaRmdeg". 

ès kai, baba, magram amdeni Tu iyo Cveni kaci mag lemencebis 

qveyanaSi?" 

iq iyvnen baba, lemencebisagan tyved wamoyvanili qarTvelebi, Cveni 

soflidanac bevri iyo, jalaRonia, alania, gabeskiria da sxva mravali". 

`Tu dagexmarnen rames mainc Cvenebi risebis xenwifis winaaRmdeg?" 

mekiTxeba taia Selia. 

`Tavdapirvelad rom mivediT, qvebi gvesroles, baba, Cvenebma" 

`veubnebodiT! Zmebo dagviqcies saqarTvelo, qviSasaviT uricxvma 

mtrebma, dacarcves Cveni winaprebis salocavebi, wagvarTves Cveni 

winaprebis miwebi da ucxo naTesavi CamogviTesles. Segviryvnes ena - Cveni 

mama-papis wmidaTa wmida, dagvingries, ojaxi, gagvibaxes rjuli da 

TavianTi jarebis sajiriTod gaixades Cveni qveyana, gviSveleT Zmebo da 

gavrekoT risebis xenwifis jarebi Cveni saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan. 

avafeTqoT xidebi, yaCaRebiviT davuxvdeT TemSarebze, cecxlSi gavaxvioT 

mTeli saqarTvelo, radgan Cveni saqarTvelo an Cven unda gvekuTvnodes _ 

an da aravis... jalaRaniebma, Samaxiebma da alaniebma, Cemma mezoblebma, 

kinaRam momkles baba, CemTvis deda jer aravis Seuginebia, maT sul 

rusulad magines, merme risebis xenwifis dideba imReres, baba, Cvenma 

mezoblebma alaniebma da jalaRaniebma" (`dionisos Rimili~, 328). 

am amonaridSi kargad ikiTxeba ara mxolod konstantine savarsamiZis 

azri da ganwyobileba, aramed mwerlis erovnuli orientaciac. Tundac es 

fraza, `Cveni saqarTvelo an Cven unda gvekuTvnodes _ an da aravis". 

naTlad da konkretulad gamoxatavs Tavad avtoris ganwyobilebas, rac 

37

araerTgzis daufiqsirebia mas, rogorc Tavisi SemoqmedebiT, ise 

publicistikiTa da Tundac satelevizio gamosvlebiTac ki. 

yoveli kultura saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi qmnis sakuTar faseulobaTa 

sistemas, rac yoveldRiurobaSi adamianTa umravlesobis mier xSirad 

bolomde gaucnobiereblad realizdeba. arsebobs epoqebi, roca, albaT, 

yvelafris gacnobiereba raRac sasicocxlo aucileblobas ar 

warmoadgens, magram roca dgeba axali faseulobebis gaziarebis dro, 

aucilebeli xdeba rogorc sakuTari, ise am axali faseulobebis 

safuZvliani gaazreba. 

yovel ers gaaCnia garkveuli erovnuli misia, magram yvelaze naTlad 

es misia gamoikveTeba maSin, rodesac garkveuli winaaRmdegoba warmoiSveba 

rogorc eris SigTavsSi, ise mezobel erovnul interesTa 

dapirispirebisas. saqarTvelo Tavisi mkveTri erovnuli orientaciiTa da 

zeddarTuli geografiuli mdebareobis gamo yovelTvis xdeboda mezobeli 

xalxebis, evropelTa Tu azielTa mxedvelobis areSi da udavod maT 

zegavlenasac ganicdida, Tumca gamsaxurdias e.w. mesame gzis Zieba sxva ara 

aris ra, Tu ara maTi zegavlenisagan amosvla da sakuTari gezisa da 

orientaciis gamoxatva istoriul gzaze. 

werilSi `qarTveloba da ucxoeTis genia" mwerali wers: `Cveni 

teritoria xalxTa xidi iyo. Cveni istoriuli misia or Seurigebel 

ukiduresobaTa da kontrastTa Serigeba-Segueba, ori didi samyarois: 

evropisa da aziis sulis Sexameba. mTeli Cveni kultura am or didi 

samyarosgan gadmosrolili Crdilisa da sinaTlis niuansebis naTelyofaa" 

(`qarTveloba da ucxoeTis genia", k. gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, 1967 : 168). 

`k. gamsaxurdia formismieri transformaciiT agrZelebs ilias gzas 

da qarTuli sulis da msoflmxedvelobis arsebiT niSnebs azogadebs, 

sadac pirovneba garedan motanil kanonebs ecnoba, magram ar emorCileba, 

mxolod im ucxours iRebs da iTvisebs, rac miseulis gamoxatvaSi 

exmareba. 

osip mandelStamma, romelmac Tavisi masStabidan qarTuli kultura 

ornamentalur kulturaTa ricxvs miakuTvna, ver gaiTvaliswina mxolod 

erTi faqtori: esTetikuri Teoriebi, romelic Cveni literaturisa da 

xelovnebis wiaRSi iSva, arasodes yofila istoriuli sinamdvilisagan 

izolirebuli, yovelTvis Tan axlda msoflio arealTan miaxlebis gamo 

38

sakuTari individualobis dakargvis, sxvasTan usaxod Serwymis SiSi, 

amitom istoriuli bedis uSualo Tu faruli monawileoba qarTuli 

kulturis orive orientaciaSi (evropulsa da aziurSi) safuZvelTa 

safuZvlad aRiqmeba. 

... ara rogorc esTetizmis krizisi, aramed, rogorc estetikuri 

modeli, ara, rogorc ekleqtika, aramed rogorc sinTezi; dionisurisa da 

apolonuris harmoniuli SerwymiT swrafva mTlianobisaken. ara rogorc 

kulturaTa gamyofi sazRvari, aramed `xidi evropul da aziur 

civilizaciebs Soris".... da mainc, rogorc individis (evropelis) 

konkretuli saxe... radgan samive orientaciis (evropuli, aziuri da evr- 

aziuri) qarTvel adeptTa argumentaciebi erovnuli individualizmis 

SenarCunebisaTvis aris gamiznuli" (èvropa Tu azia", 1997 : 22). 

k. gamsaxurdia ara marto ruseTis zegavlenisagan gasaTavisufleblad 

ibrZoda kalmiTa da saqmiT, aramed arc evropasa da upirvelesad amerikas 

uyurebda didi ndobiT da siyvaruliT. 

ìs rac Cvens Taobas aerTebs, es aris protesti gadaWarbebuli 

intelequtalizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli. Cven Tumca mowyvetilni viyaviT 

ukanaskneli wlis ganmavlobaSi evropisagan, magram ideebi xSirad haeris 

talRas mimohyvebian, amitomac Cveni uaxlesi literaturis dvrita 

dasunTqulia am zogad evropuli sulieri ganwyobilebiT. 

es protesti mimarTulia im saSineli amerikanizmis, im kolosaluri 

meqanizaciis winaaRmdeg, romelmac ase gaitaca Cveni saukune, politikurad 

es amerikanizacia sagrZnobeli gaxda evropaSi mas Semdeg, rac amerikeli 

iankebi TavianT tankebiT moedvnen flandriisa da Sampaniis midamoebs, 

gaugonari ambavia - rom feradi xalxebi mosuliyvnen evropis Sinaur 

saqmeebSi Casarevad. 

maSinebs ideebi dahyveba Tan, radgan maSina iseTive svimboliuri 

gamoxatulebaa sulobisa, rogoric freskebi, suraTebi, qandakebani. 

am amerikanizms axasiaTebs wregadasuli batonoba racionalizmisa da 

usasoo skepticizmi, niSandoblivi Tviseba yovelive degeneraciisa da 

sulieri degradaciis. adamianoba meoce saukuneSi veluruli psixoziTaa 

Sepyrobili. am usaSvelod mofusfuse epoqas axasiaTebs gadaWarbebuli 

mniSvnelobis mirwyva da mizomva materialur faqtorebisadmi, TiTqos ar 

39

weril iyos, sicariele gadanTqavs samyaroebs da iseve carieli darCeba 

bolos" (`magiuri Sandlebi", `xelovneba", #2, 1921 : 8). 

ra Tqma unda, yovelive winaaRmdegobidan saukeTeso gamosavali is 

iqneboda, rom `Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes", magram SeuZlebelia 

sinamdviles Tvali ar gavusworoT da ar gaviTvaliswinoT im realuri 

Seuqcevadobis Zala, romelmac damoukideblobis SesaZlebloba eWvqveS 

daayena, k. gamsaxurdiam kargad icis, rom didi xania dasamarda qarTvelTa 

uZlevelobis miTi. didi xania ver dgas saqarTvelo èrad sxva erTa 

Soris." 

monobisa da sxvaze damokidebulebis sindromi, araTu saukuneebiTaa 

gansazRvruli, drois mcire monakveTiTac ki xrwnis da asxvaferebs 

adamianTa erovnul msoflmxedvelobas, zegavlenas axdens mis erovnul 

potencialze da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, gulgrilobasa da 

ganukiTxaobas amefebs xalxis sulSi. qveynisaTvis Tavdadebisa da 

Tavganwirvis Zala arvis Seswevs. adamianTa sulieri nivelireba iwyeba da 

ganaxlebisa da TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis idea uqmdeba. 

òcnebaCakluli", adamianebis gamofxizleba swored k. gamsaxurdias donis 

SemoqmedT ZaluZT, romelTaTvis erovnul grZnobaze aRmatebuli araferia. 

k. gamsaxurdia werilSi `galaktion tabiZis Jurnali" saintereso 

interpretacias gvaZlevs Tavisive damokidebulebaze qarTul da evropul 

kulturasTan. igi aRniSnavs, rom 1) saWiroa qarTuli kulturis 

modernizeba, 2) rom Tavad mwerali dasavleTis kulturis apologetia 3) 

dResdReobiT erTaderTi swori gezi evropis kulturas aqvs aRebuli da 

4) arcerTi erovnebis mwerals ara aqvs martooden `nacionaluri ideebi". 

mwerlis es mosazrebani sainteresod yalibdeba, magram rodesac maTi 

Sedareba gvixdeba k. gamsaxurdias mxatvrul azrovnebasTan, mxolod 

`mTvaris motacebis" problematika rom ganvixiloT am TvalsazrisiT, 

davrmwundebiT, rom aq avtori sul sxva aspeqtiT warmosaxavs Tavis 

mosazrebas. TaraS emxvari da misi azrovneba evropuli kulturisaken 

namdvilad ar migvaxedebs da Tavad mwerali `dionisos RimilSic" mesame 

gzis ZiebiT, anu saqarTvelos evropisa da aziisagan gandgomis Teorias 

gvimxels. 

k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis Semecnebisas vcdilobT mis 

nawarmoebebSi amovikiTxoT is saidumloeba, rasac miTosuri arqetipebi 

40

qmnis. es sakiTxi erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia im problemebis sworad 

warmosasaxavad, rasac miTosuri speqtri qmnis erovnuli cnobierebis 

wiaRSi. 

k. g. iungisaTvis miTi aris ara sinamdvilis asaxva, aramed fsiqiuri 

arsis gamoxatva, arqetipebi platonis ideebs Camohgavs, TaraSi xom sul 

platonis `fedross" kiTxulobs. `fedrosi" misi iseTive atributia, 

rogorc Coxa da satevari, kostumi da melonis qudi. 

mudmivi feriscvaleba, sikvdili da kvla aRorZineba ukuqcevadoba 

miTosuri azrovnebis principia" (sigua 1989 : 90). 

miTosuri azrovnebis problematika TavisTavad erovnuli azrovnebasa 

da msoflmxedvelobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. erovnuli cnobiereba es 

saukuneobrivi azrovnebis palimfsestia, romlis Sreebis kvleva- 

gaanalizeba igive miTosuri struqturis fonze unda ganxorcieldes. 

marTalia, am miTosuri struqturis sakiTxebze msoflioSi ukve didi xania 

msjeloben, magram qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSi igi jer kidev 

Seswavlis stadiaSia da Tu ara ramdenime gamorCeuli avtori, am mxriv 

TiTqmis mTliani vakuumia, am mxriv metad sainteresoa isev da isev 

ucxoel avtorebis mosazrebaTa gacnoba da maTi SepirispirebiT sakvlevi 

problemis gaSla-gaanalizeba. am sakiTxis gasaSuqeblad aucilebelia 

gavecnoT xorxe luis borxesis statias `kus avatarebi", romelSic avtori 

mniSvnelovan masalas gvawvdis arqetipisa da mesame adamianis Sesaxeb. òri 

pirovneba, romelTac saerTo niSan-Tvisebani aqvT maradiuli arqetipis 

temporaluri gamovlinebania. aristotele svams kiTxvas: adamianebs da 

adamians, temporarul pirovnebasa da arqetips aqvT Tu ara saerTo 

Tvisebebi, cxadia aqvT da esaa maTi adamianuroba... aqedan gamomdinare 

aristoteles mtkicebiT unda davuSvaT kidev erTi arqetipis arseboba, 

romelic yovel maTgans moicavs da a.S. àdamiani" SeiZleba vuwodoT 

individebsa da ideasac, amitom arsebobs mesame adamiani, romelic 

gansxvavebuli da gamijnulia pirovnebisa da ideisagan~ (Jurn. òmega~, 2000 

: 9). 

struqtura, romelsac iungi iyenebs religiuri anu `RmerTis saxe- 

xatis arqetipis cnobierebisaTvis gadacemaSi". udavod dagvexmareba 

miTosTan erovnulis saxe-xatis arqetipis cnobierebisTvis gadacemaSi. 

yoveli adamianis sulSi Tvlems warsuli, warsuli uxsovari 

41

istoriisTvis Tvaluwvdomi realobis saxiT, Tu habardis dianetikidan 

amovalT, sulSi ki ara, sisxlSia ganfenili da kodirebuli saukuneTa 

ganmavlobaSi nangrZnob-gancdili. sisxlis misteriebSi borgavs 

warsulica da momavalic. xom aqvs zogierT kacTagans unari momavlic 

iseve realurad aRiqvas, rogorc awmyo da warsuli, e.i. warsulisa da 

momavlis `realobebi" arsebobs, magram es mxolod zogierTTTavis aris 

misawvdomi, xiluli Tu gasacnobierebeli. umravlesobas an raRac organo 

gvaklia mis aRsaqmelad, (Tundac Sinagani Tvali, Sinagani xedva davarqvaT 

mas) andac rudimentad qceulia es organo da misi moqmedebaSi moyvana isev 

da isev bunebis ganusazRvrel Zalas ZaluZs, arada, yvelaferia CvenSi, 

warsulica da momavalic, magram misi Semecneba gviWirs, Tumca arian 

adamianebi, romelTac iseve ZaluZs warsulisa da momavlis ganWvreta, 

rogorc Cven, Cveulebrivi awmyosi. 

`rogorc ar unda iyos, adamianis cnobiereba erTsa da imave dros sami 

ganzomilebisaken aris mimarTuli: igi cxovrobs da uSualod aRiqvams 

awmyos, magram misi yvela mizani da idea momavalSi aris ganxorcielebadi, 

romlis asagebad, arqiteqtonikis gadmosaRebad is mimarTavs warsuls. 

adamiani `ver eteva SemosazRvrul droSi. momavali misTvis principulad 

Riaa, amitom `siviwrovis" gancdis gamo drois sazRvris gadalaxvis 

intencia masSi warsulisken miimarTeba" (dalaqiSvili 2001 : 51). amdenad, 

adamians warsuli momavlisaTvis Wirdeba, magram sad aris aq awmyos 

adgili? am sameulSi awmyo dominantobs, raki igi mudam aris, warsuliviT 

arc `gamoxmoba" Wirdeba da arc momavaliviT `gadatyorcna". swored 

amitom, adamianis yofierebis am gzaze erTaderT dabrkolebad awmyo 

gvevlineba. igi adamians mudmivad TiSavs, erTis mxriv, momavlisagan, da, 

warsulisaganac - meores mxriv. magram swored awmyos akisria `centris" 

funqcia, mxolod mas SeuZlia gaawonasworos da moawesrigos Tavis 

irgvliv yofierebis is forma, romelSic adamiani mkvidrobs. amitom, maSin 

rodesac warsuli agebs momavals, awmyo erTsa da imave dros warsulad 

da momavlad gvevlineba, xolo am konteqstSi adamianuri arseboba aris 

`maradiuli ganmeorebadoba", romelic `miTis maradiuli kvlavdabrunebis" 

(m. eliade) pirdapirproporciulia. haidegeris sityviT, `munyofiereba 

àris" misi warsuli Tavisi yofierebis saxiT, rac, uxeSad rom vTqvaT, 

mudam misi momavlidan `xdeba" (haidegeri 1989 : 4). 

42

amdenad, adamiani, romelic cxovrobs awmyoSi, mimarTavs warsuls, rom 

gadaswvdes momavals. am gzaze miTis, ritualisa da magiis roli 

unikaluria. maTi saSualebiT, pirvelmovlenebi, pirvelarsebebi, 

pirvelsagnebi kvlavdakvlav cocxldebian awmyoSi da momavalSi, rasac 

eliadem `miTis maradiuli kvlavdabruneba" uwoda. levi-strosi saubrobs 

àracnobier struqturaze", romelic Zevs TiToeuli tradiciis, 

wesCveulebisa Tu socialuri wyobis safuZvelSi (levi-strosi 2001 : 31). 

àracnobieri struqturidan" momdinare saxe-simboloebi, romlebic 

iungisaTvis àrqetipebi" an `pirvelyofili saxeebia", gvevlinebian 

tendenciebad `motivebis aseTi warmosaxvebis warmosaqmnelad. 

warmosaxvebi, romlebic SesaZloa, meryeobdnen detalebSi, magram 

amasTanave, ar kargavdnen TavianT bazisur sqemas" (iungi 1991 : 65). miTiuri 

warsuli gvevlineba ara mxolod `paradigmul" moTxrobad, aramed, igi 

aris rogorc pirvelsaxeTa saRmrTo sacavi, aseve sacavi magiuri da 

sulieri Zalebisa, romlebic ritualebisa da miTiuri epoqis mokvlevaTa 

inscenirebis daxmarebiT, sadac Sesaqmis recitaciebia CarTuli, 

ganagrZnoben wesrigis mxardaWeras" (meletinski 1976 : 174). (x. TavdgiriZe, 

qarTuli folklori, 4(XX), 2008 : 17). 

vfiqrobT, k. gamsaxurdia da msgavsi fenomenebi, am warsul momavalsac 

iseve naTlad Wvreten, rogorc awmyos. swored amitomaa, rom maT 

SemoqmedebaSi ase sulisSemZvrelad cocxldeba gardasul saukuneTa saxe- 

xatebi da isini sxvaTaTvis ucnob mxatvrul sinamdviles qmnian. iungi 

brZanebs, rom `Sinagani mzeris gamosacocxleblad adamianebs gza unda 

mivaswavloT", Tumca Tavadve aRiarebs, rom fsiqesTan kontaqtis 

damyarebebis gareSe" am saqmis Tavis garTmeva ar ZaluZs. Tumca adamianis 

sulSi CaZiruli àtlantidis" aRmoCena da gacnobiereba namdviladaa 

SesaZlebeli. magram am SemTxvevaSi Cveni kvlevis xazi gamsaxurdias 

erovnul cnobierebaze gadis da am erovnulis saxe-xatebs anu arqetipebs, 

miakvlia mweralma, rom namdvilad saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi sisxlis 

nagrZnob-gancdili rom namdvilad gadmogvca mxatvruli sityvis qargaSi, 

amaSi darwmunebuli varT. Tundac mxolod `daviT aRmaSenebelsa~, iq 

daxatul sabrZolo bataliebsa da Tavisuflebisaken mltolvel daviTis 

saxes rom gavadevnoT Tvali, virwmunebT, rom es Tavad mwerlis arsebaSia 

gadmosaxlebuli moazrovne da mebrZoli mefis suli. SeiZleba 

43

dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom sxvagvari daviTi warmoudgenelia, rogorac ar 

unda ganZarcvo gamsaxurdias personaJi sityvis mxatvruli samosisagan, 

mefeTa-mefis Rirseuli saxe mainc dagvrCeba. TiTqos daviTis Tanamedrovea 

mwerali, TiTqos Tavadac im erovnuli TviTSegnebis matarebelia, rac 

saukuneebiT daSorebul aRmaSeneblis saxe-xats ganadidebda. SeiZleba 

isic vTqvaT, rom daviTis droindeli epoqa saqarTvelos istoriis 

SuadRea - k. gamsaxurdias cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis drosTan 

SepirispirebiT, magram erTicaa saintereso, - daviTis TanamedroveTa 

erovnuli TvalTaxedva ufro gamWriaxi, ufro samomavlo da ufro Rrmaa 

k. gamsaxurdias TanamedroveTa erovnul cnobierebasTan SedarebiT. 

am sakiTxze namdvilad bevri vifiqreT davaskvniT, rom erovnuli 

cnobierebis saxe-xatebi, anu arqetipebi TavisTavad aRmaSeneblis epoqaSi 

mRelvarebda metad da es imitom, rom misi epoqa jer kidev ar iyo 

daSorebuli miTosur Sreebs, rac ufro meti dro gadis, miT ufro 

fermkrTaldeba da qreba sulidan miTosuri samyaro, is grZneuli saxe- 

xatebi, romlebic ase gvaaxlovebda pirvelsawyisTan, pirvelqmnadobasTan 

da bunebriobasTan. Cven adrec moviSvelieT k. gamsaxurdias azri imis 

Sesaxeb, rom vfiqrobT, es elementebic ganapirobebs TanamedroveTa 

gulgrilobas samSoblosa da yovelive erovnulis SemecnebaSi. 

grZnobadaxSuli, samSoblos siyvarulis Semecnebis organo dakargulni 

Tu gauqmebulni mamuliSvilebad verasodes Camoyalibdebian. 

mamuliSvilobis nervi bunebrivad feTqavda daviTis TanamedroveobaSi. 

Semdeg istoriulma kataklizmebma, istoriis qartexilebmac ganapirobes 

misi dacxroma. mxolod erTeulebs da albaT bunebisagan Tu RvTisgan 

xeldasmulT gadmohyavT misi cxovelmosileba, misi maradiuli arsebobis 

miTi da k. gamsaxurdia swored aseT xeldasmulTa Soris moiazreba Cvens 

mier, romelmac saukuneebs gamoarida qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobiereba, 

saukuneTa siRrmeebidan amozida erovnuli sulis fragmentebi da iseTi 

mTliani mozaika Seqmna erovnuli xedvisa, mis arealSi moqceulni 

tyveqmnilni gaxdnen misi erovnuli Segonebebisa. 

yovelive qarTulsa da qarTvelurs naziarebi suli evropuli da 

msoflio kulturis gacnobis Semdeg erTxel kidev miubrunda erovnuls 

da daaskvna, rom Rirda misi Rrma SreebSi wvdoma, Rirda qarTveli eris 

44

kulturis istoriis ZirisZiramdis gacnoba da mis fonze qarTvelis 

zneobrivi Tu erovnuli saxis Secnoba-gaazreba. 

`rac ufro Rrmad CavxedavT eris fsiqikas, istorias, xasiaTs - miT 

ufro Seimecneba zogadi, ramdenadc sakacobrio motivebi sawyisi 

wertilis usasrulo, sferuli ganvrcobaa SigniTken Cveuli swrafviT 

iZieba uZvelesi modeli, pirvelsawyisi, arqetipi - wers soso sigua da 

saocrad STambeWdavad gamosaxavs konstantine gamsaxurdias gmirebis 

arqetipebs; savarsamiZe - wm. konstantine; TaraSi - eramxuti; daviTi - 

bagrat IV; mariami - gorgona; arsakiZe - iakobi; Tamari - RvTismSobeli; 

dedisimedi - afrodite; gvanca - artemida; vaxtangi - kimoTe da a.S. es 

aris mimsagvsebis da gaigivebis survili. arsi ucvlelia, magram dro 

cvalebadi. amitom gmiri ver egueba Tavis epoqas. yvela zedapiridan 

centrisaken Cabrunebuli sxivi erT wertilSi erTdeba. 

savarsamiZe bavSvobidanve etrfis argveTis mTavar wm. konstanitnes, 

cdilobs Tavis Soreul winapars daemsgasos, Tumca zogjer yovlive 

mzamzareulad devs adamianis cnobierebaSi. arqetipuli modeli, iseve 

rogorc fizikuri sxeuli adamianisa, mis cnobierebaSi mwifdeba da 

saboloo srulqmnil saxes Rebulobs. konstantine savarsamiZes swams 

saxelebis magia - amitom is SemTxveviTobaze metad aucileblobad miiCnevs 

rom `Zvirfasma naTliam es saxeli daanaTla. bavSvobaSi misi sawolis win 

daviTisa da konstanitnes suraTi ekida, isini saqarTvelosTvis wamebuli 

raindebi arian. `me TeTrtaiWiani wm. konstantine, Calis Reroebi - 

saqarTvelos uricxvi mtrebi". ase fiqrobs yrma konstantine. jer kidv 

yrma, dedam quTaisidan fexiT waiyvana mowameTaSi. daviTisa da 

konstantines saxe-xatebTan erTad axla mis cnobierebaSi mowameTis TeTri 

monasteri CarCa. mTeli sicocxle `wm. konstantines gmirobasa da 

martvilobas umiznebda". wm. konstantine misTvis qristiani martvili ki ar 

aris, aramed patrioti raindi. misive gancxadebiT qristianoba 

qarTvelTaTvis ufro Tavdacvis saSualeba iyo, vidre religia. radgan 

qarTvelis buneba dResac sanaxevrod warmarTulia. laitmotivuri xerxiT 

iZebneba da Cvens cnobierebaSi mkvdirdeba savarsamiZis arqetipi - wm. 

konstantine. 

736-738 wlebSi saqarTveloSi arabTa laSqroba murvan-yrus 

sardlobiT istoriuli faqtia. swored am dros Seipyres argveTis 

45

mTavrebi - daviT da konstantine. murvan-yru Seecada maT mahmadianur 

sjulze moqcevas, magram maTi gmiruli suli sxvaTa morCilebas, sxvaTa 

mbrZaneblobas da mtris nebis aRsrulebas ar iyo Cveuli. roca gulqva 

sardalma sawadels ver miaRwia, isini mowamoebrivi sikvdiliT daasjevina. 

savarasmiZes sul hgonia, rom moelis misi sexniasebr `gmiruli 

aRsasruli" (sigua 1989 : 91). saerTod literaturul kritikaSi konstantine 

savarsamiZis saxe axsnilia, rogorc fanatikuri, gamxmovanebeli wminda 

konstantines gmirobisa, erTgvarad mis did saxels Sefarebuli meocnebe 

raindia igi. SeiZleba ufro Sorsac wavideT, da Tavad konstantines mier 

axsnili platonis sulTa migraciis Teoria moviSvelioT, Cven 

vsaubrobdiT adamianis uTvalav unarze, SesaZleblobebze, romelTa 

Sesaxeb individs araviTari warmodgena ar aqvs, magram sakmarisia, dadges 

Sesabamisi wuTi, garkveulma garemoebam SeiZleba gvikarnaxos samoqmedo, 

programa, romlis gaazrebasa da aRsrulebaze Cveulebriv viTarebaSi 

verasodes vifiqrebdiT. savarsamiZis SemTxvevaSi vfiqrobT, piriqiTaa, igi 

gmiruli da rainduli tipis pirovnebaa. sulTa migraciis Teoriis 

Tanaxmad, masSi mTlianadaa gadmosuli argveTis erisTavis gmiruli suli. 

is bunebiT gmiria, oRond misi gmirobisa da raindobis asparezia gamqrali. 

rainduli saqarTvelos fenomeni ar arsebobs da amitomacaa, rom is 

ùdroobis" gmiri ase itanjeba. mis sulsa da sisxlSi boboqrobs 

warsuli, misi fiqri da ocneba sinamdviles isea dacilebuli, zogjer 

SeiZleba sigiJed CavuTvaloT personaJis gmiruli miswrafebebi, magram Tu 

adamianis sulis dayuradeba ZalgviZs, davrwmundebiT, rom k. savarsamiZis 

personologiuri portreti ver jdeba misi drois saqarTvelos saxeSi. is 

imdenad sxva da ucnobia TanadroulobisaTvis, sayrdensa da mosasvenebel 

adgils versad poulobs. ra Tqma unda, arc ucxoeTis Targzea igi 

moWrili, piriqiT, saqarTvelosTvis tanjva da ocnebaa misi bediTi 

sasjeli. Tvalis dauxamxameblad SeuZlia Sewiros sicocxle misi 

momavlisaTvis brZolas, magram misi cxovrebis tragedia wminda 

konstantinesagan gansxvavebiT isaa, rom amis SesaZlebloba ar iqmneba 

imdroindel saqarTveloSi, gaTiTokacebuli, saSovarze daxarbebuli 

imdroindeli qarTvelobisaTvis konstantine savarsamiZis, Tundac TaraS 

emxvaris natura, imdenad ucxoa, isini yvelaze avbediTi termniT - 

`zedmeti adamianebis" saxeldebiT inaTlebian, maSin, roca fizikurad, 

46

sulierad da xSirad gonebrivad arasrulyofilnic ki epoqis gmirebi 

xdebian. da rodesac am `zedmeti adamianis" tvirTwamokidebul 

konstantines Tu TaraSis saxeebs vecnobiT, udavod gvainteresebs, saidan 

iRebs saTaves maTi udidesi tragedia? ra ganapirobebs maTi am 

cxovrebisagan uaryofas? 

ra Tqma unda dabejiTebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom maTi tragediis 

gamomwvevi mizezi TviT maT pirovnebaSi maT srulfasovnebaSi, maT 

erovnul cnobierebaSi unda veZioT. damonebuli da dapyrobili qveynis 

SvilebisaTvis damRupvelia is amaRlebuli suli, is udidesi siyvaruli 

saqarTvelosi, rac maTi mamuliSvilobisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, marTlac, 

naRdi mamuliSvilebi, gmirebi da raindebi dabeCavebuli, sxvisi zegavlenis 

qveS moqceuli qveynis cxovrebaSi ver damkvidrdebian. ara aqvs 

mniSvneloba dampyrobeli imperiis droSas aafrialebs Tu komunizmis 

ideiT Seecdeba erovnuli sulis damsxvrevasa da ganadgurebas. 

dampyroblebs erTeulebi ver gaumklavdebian, isini mxolod Seewirebian 

samSoblos siyvaruls, maSin, roca erovnuli moZraobis liderebi da 

mesaWeni unda gamxdariyvnen. droisa da epoqis Sesabamisoba-Seusabamobis 

kanoni araerTgzis gamxdara calkeul did, Tundac genios, pirovnebaTa 

tragediis saTave. magram yvelaze metad sainteresoa is faqti, rom Tavad 

konstantine savarsamiZisa da TaraS emxvaris pirovnebas, maT mTlianobas 

epoqisadmi SeusabamobiT araferi akldebaT, piriqiT maTi srulyofilebis, 

sulieri da fizikuri mTlianobis problema mwerlis mier gadaWrilia, es 

Tavad epoqaa arasrulfasovani da gauwonsworebeli, esaa gvadi bigvebisa 

da meqi vaSakiZeebis dro, adamianebisa, romelTa pirovnuli saxis srulqmna 

da gamTlianeba Cven SeuZleblad migvaCnia. xolo isini, romlebic bunebam 

da pirovnulma unar-Cvevebma da midrekilebebma srulyofilebamde aamaRla, 

drom da epoqam zedmet adamianebad aqcia. am SemTxvevaSi Cven konstantinesa 

da TaraSis zedmeti adamianoba imdenad ar gvainteresebs, ramdenadc 

erovnuli cnobiereba, swored erovnulobis ase mZafri gancdis, rainduli 

saqarTvelos sulieri moTxovnilebis gamo xdebian isini zedmeti 

TanadroulobisaTvis. magram Cveni azriT, umniSvnelovanesi am personaJebis 

gacnobisas arc isaa, imarjveben Tu marcxdebian isini, mTavaria,rom 

arseboben, mTavaria, rom samSoblos siyvarulis magaliTs gvaZleven, 

mTavaria, rom ar moeqcnen mefis TviTmpyrobelobis Tu sabWoTa imperiis 

47

wnexis qveS. maT iseTi sulieri barieri aRumarTes Tanamedroveobas, 

SeuZlebeli iyo maTi pirovnuli deformireba, maTi sxvad qceva, ris 

gareSe imdroindel cxovrebasTan misvlas ver SeZlebdnen. da Tu Tavad 

konstantine gamsaxurdia mis gmirebs, raRac kuTxiT mainc SesabamisobaSi 

moiyvanda epoqasTan, maSin erovnuli cnobiereba udavod gaqreboda, 

erovnul ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolas momavali ar eqneboda. yovelTvis, 

rodesac k. gamsaxurdias prozis struqturas vakvirdebiT, mis personaJTa 

klasifikacias vaxdenT, im daskvdamde mivdivarT, rom avtori nabij-nabij 

mihyveba Tavis gmirebs, esaTuTeba maT erovnul cnobierebas, ufrTxildeba 

maT suls, rom drosa da epoqis cTomilebas gaaridos, rameTu Tavadac 

Zalian kargad uwyis, rom am gmirTa saxeebiT ikvebeba eris samomavlo 

suli. am gmirTa portretebze iWreba qarTvelTa sulieri Targi. am gmirTa 

erovnuli cnobiereba gansazRvravs saqarTvelos momaval erovnul- 

ganmanTavisuflebel brZolebs. magram saintereso isicaa, rom yovelive es 

nawarmoebTa erTi Tvalis gadavlebiT, erTi wakiTxviT ar aris 

Semecnebuli. mTavaria avtorma interesi da siyvaruli aRgviZras 

personaJebisadmi da mere Cveni cnobierebis quraSi aTasgzis gadaixarSeba, 

Tqmuli-verTqmuli Tu nagulisxmevi da am nagulisxmevis Semmecnebelia 

gamsaxurdias namdvili mkiTxveli. naRdi da erovnuli qarTveli, 

saqarTvelos momavlisaTvis brZolaSi sikvdilsac amayad rom gausworebs 

Tvals. 

k. gamsaxurdias kargad hqonda Segnebuli mwerlis daniSnuleba 

imdroindel saqarTveloSi, isic kargad esmoda, rom swored mwerlobam 

gadaarCina qarTuli suli da rom swored mwerlobaa `Zvelisa da axalis 

SemaerTavi xidi". isic uwyoda, Tu ra roli iTamaSa qarTuli sulis 

aRorZinebisa da gadarCenis saqmeSi XIX saukunis 60-ianma wlebma da 

kerZod ilia WavWavaZem: 

ìlia WavWavaZem, romelic diaxac ganicdida Tavisi samSoblos 

monobas, am svedakargul moxeves warmoaTqmevina udidesi principi Cveni 

saukunisa: Cveni Tavi Cven unda gveyudneso. 

am didi ideis molaSqre iyo ilia WavWavaZe da am didi saqmisaTvis 

brZolas msxverplad Seewira igi. 

albaT, bevr mweralsa da moRvawes SeSurdeboda misi tragikuli 

sikvdili, igi wavida Cvengan Seufasebeli, magram Tavisi sicocxlis 

48

dasasruliT man sikvdiliTa sikvdili daTrguna da Cven warmogvzarda 

misi didi ideebis qomagad da medroSed. 

sanamdis qarTveli xalxi iarsebebs am qveynad, ilia WavWavaZe marad 

icocxlebs qarTveli eris xsovnaSi" (gamsaxurdia t. VI, 1963 : 579). 

Tavadac kargad hqonda mwerlis misia Semecnebuli da swamda, rogorc 

ilia WavWavaZem da misma personaJebma `warmozardes" qarTvelTa erovnuli 

suli, momdevno Taobis mwerlebsa da moRvaweebsac TavianTi SemoqmedebiTa 

da azrovnebiT, aseve unda SeewyoT xeli Tavisi drois qarTvelTaTvis. 

swored, amitomac k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebTa personaJebis umTavresi 

daniSnuleba erovnuli sulis gamoRviZebaa erSi. 

am mxriv sainteresoa k. gamsaxurdias istoriul gmirTa saxeebi, 

sinamdvilec da mxatvruli gamonagonic maTi tipebis srulyofisaTvis, 

magram am gmirTa Sorisac gamoCreuli arian konstantine savarsamiZe da 

TaraS emxvari. 

`TaraSis cxovrebis gzas gansazRvras misi sulieri arqetipi - 

eramxut emxvari, rusT xelmwifis moZule, masTan brZolis msxverpli. 

TaraSs ufro Soreuli winaparic hyavs - vardan hemuxvari, misi gvaris 

damwyebi, romelic daswyevla kaTalikosma. masac araerTxel igonebs 

TaraSi. SeRamebulze buxris win mjdari. balRi Tavis TiTebs eTamaSeba 

`ceri es cnobili raindia - vardan vardaniZe" TaraSi saxlSi poulobs 

Tamar mefis sigels da kaTalikosis etrats, romelmac fsalmunebis 

asdamerve leqsiT anaTemas misca vardaniZe-emxvarebis gvari. 800 wlis 

Semdeg tariel ServaSiZemac daswyevla TaraSi. vardaniT iwyeba da 

TaraSiT ixureba emxvarebis gvarovnuli matiane, romlis dasabami da 

dasasruli wyevliT aris daTariRebuli. 

vardani - karnu qalaqis amRebi gmiri - aris emxvarebis gvaris 

arqetipi, romlis genebi saukuneTa manZilze TiTqmis ar Secvlila da 

yoveli emxvari isev ucnauri, urCi, Tavneba da dawyevlili iyo, rogorc 

vardani. 

eramxuti xalxuri saxelis literaturuli formaa, rogorc viciT, 

miTiur amirans, megrul versiebSi aramxutu hqvia. 

rogorc s. sigua wers, TaraSis saxis asociaciur Ziebas amiranis 

miTamde mivyavarT, svaneTSi - myof TaraSs àmiranis Zali awveba mklavebSi" 

roca avtorma saboloo ganaCeni gamoutana Tavis gmirs, SeniSna: `guSin, 

49

guSinwin Wabuki amirani egona Tavi, bnel gvirabSi Zalis Semnaxveli" 

vaxtang TamaniZisadmi miweril ukanasknel baraTSi TaraSi uaryofs Tavis 

amiranobas. 

amirani Zveli saqarTvelos mudmivi tanjvis, WirTa Tmenisa da 

brZolis xatia. TaraSis sulis simi Soreulad mas uerTdeba, radgan misi 

arseba STanTqmulia warsulis mier. eramxutis saxiT igi istoriul 

saqarTvelos etrfis; rogorc gardasul saukuneTa Svili, msgavsebas 

poulobs amiranTan amirani xom qristesTan WidilSi damarcxda. TaraSic 

axalma ideologiam gaanadgura. TaraSis mijnurs xom Tamari hqvia, 

upirvelesi qarTveli qalis saxeli, magram Tamari igive yamaria, romelic 

amiranma moitaca. ulamazesni ekuTvnis umamacess. `saxeli: Tamar, rom 

saukuneTa manZilze rekavda TaraS emxvaris SemecnebaSi, saTno, lamazi da 

miTebiT gabrwyinebuli, mziTa da sinaTlis savsebiT mosili. aseTi iyo es 

saxeli misTvis odesRac", e.i. roca Tavi amirani egona, magram `saukuneTa 

manZilze", imasac niSnavs, rom amiranisa da yamaris saxelebma mravali 

mijnuris guli gamoiara. TaraSi xom simbolurad saukuneebs itevs, 

pirveladamianidan dRevandelobamde. yamari arabulad mTvares niSnavs, 

amitom Tamarisadmi siyvarulSic cnaurdeba qarTvelTa uZvelesi RvTaebis 

kulti, romelic mas enguris zvirTebma waarTva. TaraSisaTvis Zveli 

samyaro mTvaris saxeSi gaerTianda, romlis metafora aris Tamar 

ServaSiZe" (sigua 1989 : 93-94). 

`.. amirani berZnul promeTes, somxuri eposis mhers, afxaz absisvils, 

osuri narTebis baTraZs mogvagonebs" (`qarTuli folklori", 2008 : 194). 

amonaridi saSualebas gvaZlevs davaskvnaT, rom yvela eris àmiranebi" 

upirvelesad erovnuli gmiris saxis models qmnian. es azri kidev erTxel 

gvarwmunebs, Tu rogori simboloebiT azrovnebs konstantine gamsaxurdia 

TavisTavad amiranis saxe palimfsestis pirvel piriviT devs TaraSis 

personologiur portretSi. TaraSis saxe metad rTuli palimfsestia, 

sadac sulis siRrmeebSi, mas axali prototipebi moeZebneba, romelTa 

sinTezirebiT Tanamedroveobis amiranis - TaraSis saxe ixateba. ra Tqma 

unda, k. gamsaxurdias mkiTxveli unda erkveodes rogorc folkloruli 

saxeebis plastebSi, ise misi erovnuli saxe-xatebis simbolikaSi. rogorc 

ukve mivuTiTeT, gamsaxurdias personaJTa personologiuri portretebi 

mravalganzomilebiania da mxolod erT rakursSi danaxva am saxeebisa, 

50

calmxrivobisa da gaugebrobisTvisaa ganwiruli. Znelia maTi im rakursiT 

aRqma, rogorc Tavad mweralma datvirTa es mxatvruli saxe-simboloebi, 

magram zogadad mainc SesaZlebelia, mivuaxlovdeT im siRrmeebs, saidanac 

es gmirebi amoizardnen mwerlis erovnul cnobierebaSi. 

soso sigua ganmartavs, rom `k. gamsaxurdia qmnis TaraSis cxovrebis 

miTs. amitom misi saxe mudam miTologiis Suqze ikiTxeba. TaraSi 

realurad ocdaaTiani wlebis moqalaqea, magram simbolurad aris 

landebis samyarodan gadmosuli eramxuti, amirani, saxarebis `Ze 

Secdomili" (ùZRebi Svili"), Seqspiris romeo, bibliuri abeli, monadire 

beTqili, batonebi, erosi, apokalipsis mxedari. 

TaraSis saxe cxra sxvadasxva planSi iSleba. cxra sakraluri 

ricxvia, TiToeuli plani (hipostasi) RvTaebrivi sawyisis gansaxierebaa. 

miTologiaSi amitom aqvT devebs sami, Svidi, cxra Tavi, TaraSis bunebas 

mivyavarT devis alegoriamde, romelic warmarTul aspeqtSi RvTaebaa, 

qristianulSi- urCxuli, Tanamedrove pirobebSi - zekaci. amiT personaJis 

aramiwieri, gansakuTrebuli misia cnaurdeba. Tavis mravalsaxianobas 

TaraSic amCnevs" (sigua 1989 : 92-93). 

TaraS emxvaris saukuneobriv sisxlSi daleqilia kodi am 

mravalplanianobisa, im sxvadasxva unar-midrekilebaTa, rac TaraSis 

pirovnebis gansakuTrebul models qmnis, magram upirveles yovlisa, 

mwerals surs Tavisi gmiris samSoblosTan mimarTebis problema 

wamoswios win. yoveli plasti, romelic gmiris mravalsaxeobas qmnis, 

ZiriTadad erT mizans emsaxureba. rom saukuneobrivi ruduneba da 

ganuzomeli trfiali mSobliuri miwisadmi, mSobeli xalxisadmi, mravali 

rakursiT warmogvidginos mweralma, TaraSi, upirveles yovlisa, 

warsulidan amosuli gmiria da warsulisve gamaidealebuli, arian awmyos, 

Tanamedroveobis gmiri saxeebi - arian momavlis gmirebic, magram 

ramdenadac TaraSis saxe upirvelesad samSoblos da mis erovnul 

interesebTanaa Sejerebuli, misi sxeulis yoveli nervi am warsuliTa da 

erovnuli grZnobiT TrTis. sayovelTao, yoveldRiur CveulebriobaSic 

TaraSi sxvaTagan gansxvavebulia, Tundac araSoreuli warsulia misi 

ocnebebis Tu mogonebebis safuZveli. 

àm mravali aRnagobiT warmodgenil", mravalsaxa TaraSis portretSi 

Cven saukuneebs da saukuneTa gmirebs vumzerT, im gardasul gmirebs, 

51

omelTa Sesaxeb ukve gvqonda saubari da romlebmac Seqmnes TaraS 

emxvaris mravalmxrivi da erovnuli saxe, romlis warmosaCenad k. 

gamsaxurdias mravalgvari saxe-simboloebis Seqmna sWirdeba. im saxe- 

simboloebisa, romlis miRma mTeli Cveni erovnuli Zirebi mosCans, mTeli 

Cveni awmyo-momavalic ikiTxeba, Tumca sainteresoa isic, rom am saxe- 

simboloTa sinTezirebiT gacocxlebuli TaraSis personlogiuri 

portreti metismetad rTulia da albaT sxvagvarad SeuZlebelic iyo. is 

Sreebi, romelic TaraSis saxeSia sinTezirebuli, mTel epoqebs da mis 

suls moicavs, romelTa axsna-gansaxovneba swored erovnuli 

msoflmxedvelobiT unda daviwyoT da raoden sakvirvelic ar unda iyos, 

CvenTvis TaraSi socialisturi epoqidan arc iwyeba da arc aq mTarvdeba. 

TaraSi maradiuli sulia saqarTvelosi, romelic farnavazisa da farsman 

qvelis epoqebidan modis da rodesac vumzerT, rogor imSvenebs evropul 

tansacmels SeCveuli misi sxeuli erovnuls da rom eramxut emxvaris 

saxes ganasaxierebs igi qarTuli samosiT, gmiris saxis mravalplanianobis, 

misi mravalmxrivobisa da gardamavlobis problema axsnilia. sportuli 

aRnagobis da TiTqmis TanamedroveobasTan Sejerebuli misi fizikuri 

portreti, ufro met SesabamisobaSi modis gardasul epoqasTan da 

gardasul erovnul gmirTan. isic sainteresoa, rom yovelive amis 

gaazrebis Semdeg gviCndeba survili TaraSis, konstantine gamsaxurdias 

sxva saqarTvelos warsulis amsxavel romanebSi gadayvanisa da 

mniSvnelovani is aris, rom am friad ganswavluli, TanamedroveobasTan 

garkveulad Sepirispirebuli gmiris saxe, mSvenivrad ergeba mefe giorgis, 

daviT aRmaSeneblis Tu Tamaris epoqebs. am mefeTa moRvaweobis xana, xom 

saqarTvelos erovnuli mTlianobisaTvis brZoliTaa niSandoblivi, am 

epoqaTa gmirebi, xom uaRresad erovnuli, uaRresad TavisTavadni, 

individualuri bunebis arian, da swored am epoqaTa saxe-xatia TaraSis 

saxiT TanamedroveobaSi gadmosuli. 

migvaCnia, rom misi saxe-simbolo erovnulobis miTiur kaleidoskopSi 

mravali aspeqtiT warmoisaxeba. rodesac k. gamsaxurdias gmirebs ecnobi, 

TiTqos irRveva mijna epoqebisa, TiTqos yvela maTgans gaaCnia erTi raRac 

udidesi saerTo, gamaerTianebeli xazi, romelic kargavs maTi epoqebis 

sxvadasxvaobis maxasiaTeblebs Tu mefe giorgis, daviTisa da Tamaris 

epoqebs erT speqtrSi moviazrebT da maT saxeebsa da maxasiaTeblebSi 

52

saerTo xazs vipoviT, es TiTqos SesaZleblobis mijnebs ar scildeba, 

magram, rodesac TaraS emxvaris Tu konstantine savarsamiZis buneba, mizani 

da unar-Cvevebic maT saxeebTan fiqsirdeba, es ki unda gvikvirdes, Tumca, 

rodesac Rrmad da gulmodgineT CavixedavT mwerlis laboratoriaSi, Tu 

SevapirispirebT epoqebsa da maT umTavres daniSnulebebsa da funqciebs, 

aRmoCndeba, rom saqarTvelos yvela drois epoqis moTxovnileba 

metnaklebad erovnul problemebTan mimarTebaSi fiqsirdeboda. ra Tqma 

unda, erovnuli gmiris moTxovnileba yoveli drois saqarTveloSi idga, 

magram rac yvelaze metad sayuradReboa, erovnuli gmiris asparezic 

yovelJams gansxvavebuli iyo. aviRoT Tundac mefe giorgi, es or 

kuropalats Soris `gamosresili" mamuliSvili, Tavad k. gamsaxurdia 

SesaniSnavad ambobs imas, ris ganmartebasac Cven vapirebT: 

`me sul Tormetiode wlisa viyavi, roca `qarTlis cxovreba" momaCeCa 

xelSi SemTxvevam Tu bedma, Cemi gardacvlili Zmis, besarionis 

biblioTekaSi napovni. balRobidanve miyvarda da maocebda, abxazT mefe 

giorgi pirveli. siWabukeSi momemata pativiscema misdami, roca gavige, Tu 

ramodena veSaps Sebmia es SesaniSnavi raindi. 

miyvarda igi, or kuropalats Soris gamosresili mefe (aq igulisxmeba 

mama giorgisa, bagrat III kurapalati da Ze giorgisa bagrat IV agreTve 

kurapalatis" (`didostatis marjvena~, 393). erTia gmirobiTa da vaJkacobiT 

SemarTuli suli raindi mefisa da meore sarbieli, sadac misi rainduli 

buneba da mefuri goniereba unda gamovlindes da rogorc Tavad mwerali 

miuTiTebs, am `SesaniSnav rainds" bedma jer ori kuropalatis Crdili 

dahfina da aramc da aramc ar misca saSualeba mTlianad gamoevlina is 

didi potencia gmirobisa da raindobisa, risTvisac misi suli da sxeuli 

iyo Semzadebuli. araTu saqarTvelos imdroindelma viTarebam, sagareo 

urTierTobebmac ganapiroba misi gmiroba saukuneebs ar gadmohyoloda. 

Tavad k. gamsaxurdia aRniSnavs: `vinc daaxloebiT warmoidgens Tu ra didi 

mxeci iyo basili II, bulgarTmmusvreli, romlis imperia ganfenili iyo 

apeninis naxevarkunZulidan basianamdis, balkaneTis ukiduresi samanebidan 

arabeTis udabnos kidemdis, misTvis gasagebi iqneba, Tu ra kolosaluri 

Zalis matarebeli yofila imJamindeli saqarTvelos mefe giorgi, pirveli, 

romelmac erTxel, magram mainc daamarcxa keisari bizantiisa da am 

53

ubadlo vaJkacs, romelsac matiane uwodebs ùSiSars viTarca uxorcos", 

qarTul qronikaSi mxolod oriode gverdi aqvs miZRvnili. 

me SemZra am usamarTlobam da am miCqmaluli gmiris apologias 

vuZRveni didi mduRareba Cemi sulisa. apologia am SemTxvevaSi uxeiro 

sityvaa. me ar vewevi xelaRebiT apologias nacionaluri istoriisa, 

radagan saamisod sakmaod momwifebul msoflio moqalaqed warmomidgenia 

Tavi da egec vici, araferi nacionaluri sayuradRebo araa, rasac 

universaluri mniSvneloba ar mierwyveba. 

kidev erTi momenti unda vaxseno aqve, odiTganve qarTuli mwerlobis 

umTavresi Temebi iyo: mamulis dacva, omi, mijnuroba da nadiroba... 

ocze meti saukunis manZilze arsebiTad sam rameSi isaxela qarTvelma 

kacma Tavi. omSi, mwerlobasa da xuroTmoZRvrebaSi" (`didostatis 

marjvena~, 393). 

moyvanil amonaridSi mkafiod ikiTxeba Tavad k. gamsaxurdias 

erovnuli orientaciis sakiTxi. jer erTi miCqmaluli gmirobis 

gamosarCleba TavisTavad erovnuli fenomenia. is faqtic, rom qarTvelma 

Tavi arsebiTad omSi isaxela da qarTuli mwerlobis TemebTan - 

mijnurobasa d nadirobasTan erTad, rom mamulis dacva da omi iyo 

umTavresi, TavisTavad esec erovnuli fenomenis Secnobis safuZvelia. 

moxuci eqvTimec xom saintereso azrs gamoTqvams mwerlobisa da 

gmirobis Sesaxeb, `me ase mesmis, Svilo, mwerloba gmirobis gamosarClebaa, 

mxolod miCqmaluli gmirobis qomagia mwerali da sxva araferi" da 

rodesac sakiTxi ase dgas, dabejiTebiT SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Tavad 

mwerlobaca da miTumetes, qarTuli mwerloba, erovnuli orientaciis 

gamomsaxveli fenomenia, radganac gmirobis gamosarCleba yofila igi. 

Tavad k. gamsaxurdias yovelTvis kargad hqonda gaazrebuli mwerlis 

daniSnuleba sazogadoebisaTvis. araTu mwerlis Semoqmedebas, mis 

personologiur portretsac did mniSvnelobas aniWebda igi da Tavis 

literaturul werilebSi ise sainteresod warmosaxavda Semoqmedisa da 

kerZod mwerlis, saxe-xats, rogorc Tavis personaJTa saxeebs da rac 

yvelaze mTavaria, am SemTxvevaSic xazgasmiT miuTiTebda, Tu ra did rols 

TamaSobda mwerlis erovnuli Semecneba. mTlianad misi erovnuli 

portreti sazogadoebaze. 

54

`mwerlis SefasebaSi didad mniSvnelovani faqtoria misi moraluri 

aRnagoba. ilia WavWavaZem da akaki wereTelma TvalSeudgam simaRlemde 

aitanes mwerlis avtoriteti. amitomac SeiSvnes maT samSoblos mamisa da 

eris mamamTavris sasiqadulo saxeli da marad uWknobi siyvaruli 

daimkvidres qarTveli xalxis gulSi. 

Cveni drois qarTul mwerlobaSi ar momkvdara ilias, akakis da vaJas 

mTliani patriotuli morali da zneobrivi sispetake. niko lorTqifaniZes, 

garda ostatobisa, mudam amSvenebda Tavisi kaikacoba da mamuliSviloba. 

jer kidev Cems simWabukeSi wakiTxuli maqvs misi erTi eskizi ìyideba 

saqarTvelo". am nawarmoebSi mwerali qirdavda Cvens ugnur 

Tavadaznaurobas. 

niko lorTqifaniZe sicocxleSi ver moeswro jerovan dafasebas, 

miuxedavad amisa, misi mwerluli memkvdireoba waruxoceli darCeba 

qarTveli xalxis cnobierebaSi" (gamsaxurdia t. VI, 1963 : 670). 

rodesac am donemde ahyavda mwerlis funqcia da TiTqmis erovnuli 

saxis modelad esaxeboda igi k. gamsaxurdias, ra Tqma unda, erovnuli 

problemis warmosaxvas, mwerlisagan sazogadoebis erovnuli sulis 

gaRvivebas, igi umniSvnelovanes sakiTxad Tvlida da istoriuli romanebis 

seria, romelic ase amSvenebs ara marto k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebas, 

aramed mTel qarTul mwerlobas, saSualebas gvaZlevs srulyofilad 

SevicnoT mwerlis erovnuli mrwamsi. `didostatis konstantines marjvena" 

am mxriv did SesaZleblobas gviqmnis. 

miTiTebuli nawarmoebis gacnobis Semdeg yoveli mkiTxveli udavod 

erT daskvnas gaakeTebs, rom Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis idealis 

STagonebiTaa mTeli nawarmoebi gajerebuli. 

bunebis silaRe, Tavisufleba da genialoba, rogorc vaJa-fSavelasTan, 

ise konstantine gamsaxurdiasTan - adamianis sulis Semafxizlebelia. vaJa- 

fSavelasTan _ mTebic ki Tavisuflebis molodinSi arian, is 

filosofiuri triada, riTac gamoxatulia mTebis gulisTqma, sxva ara 

aris, Tu ara alegoriuli mimarTeba saqarTvelos momavlisadmi, misi 

erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobisadmi. rodesac erovnuli 

cnobierebis sakiTxi dgeba, udavod unda davayuradoT mwerlis bunebasTan 

mimarTebis problema da vTqvaT, rom gamsaxurdias mier mxatvrul saxeebSi 

gacocxlebuli bunebis SemoqmedebiTi mxatvruli aucileblobiTaa 

55

nakarnaxevi. bunebis mSvenierebis, Tavisuflebis laRi sunTqva exmareba 

adamians, Tavadac miiltvodes Tavisuflebisaken. Tavadac yovelTvis 

Tavisuflebis ideebiT iyos STagonebuli. 

da saerTod ra donezea ayvanili k. gamsaxurdiasTan buneba da bunebis 

movlenebi, Tundac am azridan SeiZleba vigulisxmoT: 

ìm varskvlavs daakvirdi ufliswulo, irmis naxtomis kideze boroti 

Tvali xom araa netavi? swored am adgilas iyo is varskvlavi, romelic 

konstantinepolSi gamoCnda ocdasami wlis winaT. dokida daarqves mas. 

saxrCobelas waagavda, dasavleTisaken midioda msgavsad mTvarisa, didi 

Turqoba mohyvebao amas, agre ambobdnen idumalTa mimTxrobni - sTqva 

maxaraim da Tavadac miaSterda cTomils" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 45). 

bunebisa da adamianis, bunebisa da sazogadoebis mTlianobisa da 

harmoniulobis Tema yovelTvis dominirebs k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi. 

mweralma yovelTvis icis, rom bunebis Seumecnebloba, masze Tvalis 

morideba, sibrZnesa da sinamdviles daaSorebs adamians. `daviT 

aRmaSeneblidan" Tu `didostatis konstantines marjvenidan" mravali 

sagulisxmo mxatvruli Strixebi SeiZleba moviSvelioT. jer marto is 

faqti raoden sainteresoa, Tu rogor wvrTnis da aziarebs sibrZnes 

ufliswuls maxarai bunebasTan mimarTebaSi da Tanac bunebrivi movlenebis 

axsniT, rogor uRvivebs erovnul grZnobebs. 

`cacxvis qveS Camojda, goliaTeSi urTxelis morze, ase hgonia sul 

oriode dRis winaT mjdariyos, igi aq jerac uasako yrma. aq uambobda 

maxarai xilTa qebas da TveTa qebas. 

ityvis..." 

bavSvs. 

`mihrakani, meomari" Wreli jaWvi acvia zed, buki hkidia qamarze da ase 

daiwyebs maxarai, dadumdeba ganzrax, raTa cnobiswadili gausinjos 

`ras ityvis, Zia batono, mihrakani?" 

àki guSin giTxari, aRar gaxsovs?" 

`kidev miTxari, kidev" - evedreba yrma. 

`mihrakani ase ambobs, raindi varo Torosani, es me Sevmusre zamTari, 

yinvis javSani Semovacile miwasda an zafxuls vixmob bukiTa". 

àxla es miTxari, Zia batono, TeTri mSveli Tu aris marTlac sadme?" 

ara, TeTri mSveli mxolod zRaparSia cnobili". 

56

SeRamdeboda Tu ara varskvlaveTs uCvenebda maxarai, aswavlida, ra da 

ra Tveni miiTvlian zodiaqebs verZisas, kurosas, Rriankelisa da 

sasworisas" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 74). 

am amonaridiT aq ara marto bunebisa da adamianis Tanaziarobis 

sibrZnea nagulisxmevi, aramed masSi TviT rainduli saqarTvelos 

maxasiaTeblebic devs, TavisTavad mihrkanis daxasiaTebaSi rom sabrZolo 

ganwyobileba ikiTxeba, es WeSmaritebaa, `Torosani raindi" mihrkani 

qarTvelTa bunebiTa da SemarTebiT xasiaTdeba, e.i. bunebisa da adamianis 

(am SemTxvevaSi qarTvelis) Tanaziarobis problemasac garkveulad isev 

erovnuli ideis gaxmovanebamde mivyavarT. da is faqti, rom ase 

iwvrTnebodnen imdroindeli mefiswulebi, Tu zogadad qarTvelebi, 

gvafiqrebinebs - buneba, qarTveli da maTi moqmedeba, maTi erovnuli 

idealebi erT xazze iyo ganlagebuli. amitomac iyo qarTvelTa saomari 

xelovneba sayovelTaod ganTqmuli, radganac yovelive bunebis wess 

eqvemdebareboda. ara marto Tavis SesaniSnav romanebSi - werilebsa Tu 

narkvevebSic bunebis mexotbea k. gamsaxurdia da qarTvelTa erovnuli 

sulic, rom qveynis geografiuli mdebareobiTa da misi saucxoo 

landSaftiTaa gaZlierebuli, esec kargad ikiTxeba: 

àrasodes daviRlebi kavkasionis cqeriTa, mis qedebze, mis kalTebze, 

mis gaswvriv mgzavrobiT. es man STaagona berZnul genias ubrwyinvalesi 

miTi RmerTebTan mebrZoli, gautexeli nebiskacisa, romelmac kacTa 

modgmis gadasarCenad cecxli warstaca zecas. 

roca ucxoobidan Sin vbrundebi, kavkasiaSi Semosvlis umalve 

aRmeZvreba xolme survili vakoco kavkasionis xediT Semosil pirvel 

TxemTagans. 

mzera. 

sulierad amaRlebs adamians kavkasionis cadabjenili qoredebis 

kavkasioni iyo Seuvali barieri Crdilosi, am qeds gadaRmidan 

gvitevdnen xazarebi da hunebi, mokled is xalxebi, romelTac gogsa da 

magogs uwodebdnen uZveles analebSi. 

kavkasioni, es iyo saimedo citadeli, romelsac zurgs ayrdnobda 

Cveni xalxi samxreTisa da aRmosavleTis barbarosebis winaaRmdeg 

brZolaSi. 

57

mxolod daviT aRmaSeneblis geniam SesZlo Crdilos jgufis Turqebi 

- yivCaRebi, samxreTel TurqTa-seljukianebis dasaTrgunvelad 

gamoeyenebina"... (gamsaxurdia t. VI, 1963 : 748). 

oda kavkasionisdami metad mravalmxrivi aspeqtiT warmosaxa avtorma 

da ra mimarTebiTac ar unda ganvixiloT igi, upirvelesad erovnuli 

problemas ukavSirdeba da gviCndeba mosazreba, rom kavkasioni da zogadad 

buneba, iseve sulieri personaJia k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebisa, rogorc 

adamianebi da erTic SeiZleba davamatoT, rogorc qarTvelTa erovnuli 

msoflmxedveloba da mrwamsi, aseve es gapirovnebuli bunebac 

saqarTvelos erovnuli mTlianobis warmosadgenad mwerlis mier 

gasulierebuli, erT-erTi umTavresi Strixia _ misi erovnulobisa. 

bunebasTan SeTanxmebuli azri da moqmedeba adamianisa, es namdvilad 

gamarjvebis gziT siarulia, rac kargad icodnen Cvenma brZenma winaprebma 

da swored aqedan gamomdinareobda is Zala, romelic erTze mosul aT 

mters amarcxebda. daviT aRmaSeneblis didi saxeli da saqarTvelos 

gayvana erad sxva erTa Soris, swored gonebis, sulis da sxeulis 

araCveulebrivi wvrTniTa da did saqmeTaTvis dabadebuli mefis 

bedisweriTac iyo nakarnaxevi. acinganebic xom kiTxuloben daviTis 

momavals da am mucliTmezRapreobidanac ixateba eris mesaWe da erisTvis 

Tavganwiruli gmirisa da mefeTa mefis portreti. 

`sasicocxlo niSani mZafria, Tavismierni mtkice, gulismierni - 

(Seyoymanda) da merme Caiputuna: - meryevi, bedismierni - aqac dadumda 

mcires da Semdgom amisa dasZina - saxifaTo. 

oRond egaa, sxva ufliswulni bednier varskvlavs ahyavs xolme 

didebis taxtze winaparTa monagari maTi zedsayrdeneli, xolo Sen o,. 

basileku, ubedobis cecxlSi unda gamoibrZmedo, Sen is foladi xar, 

romelsac susxSi awrToben xolme sarkinozni, grigalebSi gamozrdils 

veras gavneben am sofliurni Relvani" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 84). 

saerTod, rodesac k. gamsaxurdias mxatvruli sistemis problemebs 

vakvirdebiT, erT daskvnas vakeTebT - mcire niuansebic ki pirdapir Tu 

arapirdapir, realurad Tu simbolurad iqiTken miemarTeba, rom 

saqarTvelos warsuli da momavali wavikiTxoT da vigrZnoT yoveliveSi. 

daviT aRmaSenebeli da misi bediswera es igive saqarTveloa. am 

tetralogiidan erTi daskvna SeiZleba gakeTdes, sakuTar gulisTqmasac 

58

iSviaTad misdevs jer kidev ymawvili mefe, sayvareli qalis gamoc ki 

veraviTar daTmobaze ver midis, radgan misi erovnuli cnobiereba 

yovelive sxva problemis damTmobia. arc isaa marTali, TiTqos mefeni 

yovlisSemZleni iyvnen da maT SeeZloT yovel wuTSi iseTi ram 

moimoqmedon, rasac kaikacoba da gulCviloba ukarnaxebs maT. 

àmqveynad yovlisSemZle ufalia erTi, me rom yovlisSemZle 

vyofiliyavi, kaci ar darCeboda borkildauyreli Cems sabrZanisSi. aqamdis 

saqme agre iyo, Cveni qveynis mterni, romelTac Cveni cnobebis mixedviT 

mudmivi kavSiri hqondaT liparit amirasTan da ratisTan, ise Zlierni 

iyvnen, maT yovel wuTSi SeeZloT rogorc liparitisa, ise banu jafaris 

da kaxTa mefisaTvis gamoegzavnaT maSveli laSqari, axla me ase Tu ise 

ufro gulmSvidad var, Sen atyobdi albaT, karga xania rac TrialeTi 

aviRe, am xnis manZilze me ar vicodi Zili da mosveneba Tu ra aris, spas 

vamzadebdi, gzebs vakeTebdi, cixeebs vamagrebdi, RamRamobiT Tan 

davyvebodi CuxCTa, Turqis marbielebs davsdevdi, mtris mstovarTa 

SepyrobiT da maTi dakiTxviT viyavi garTuli. 

... yovel dRes da yovel wuTSi mzad viyav SemoWril mters saTanadod 

Sevgebebodi"! (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 764). 

daviT mefis am sityvebidan kargad Cans, Tu rogor mZimea mefobis 

tvirTi. yvela xelisufals unda esmodes, rom mefoba Tu didi 

Tanamdeboba, mxolod uflebebi ki ar aris, uaRresad didi movaleobacaa 

qveynisa da eris winaSe. daviT aRmaSeneblis winamdebare sityvebidan 

gamomdinare, mxolod movaleobaa da sxva araferi. da is, vinc mxolod 

Tavisi uflebebisa da survilis mixedviT mefobs Tu xelisuflobs, arc 

erovnuli grZnobebi gaaCnia da rac xelisuflad varga. daviT mefis 

sityvebi da mTeli misi samoqmedo programa, erTgvari traqtatia, romelic 

yvela qarTvel mefes Tu xelisufals kargad unda Seeswavla da 

saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi praqtikulad gamoeyenebina, radganac swored 

daviT aRmaSenebelia saqarTvelos sinamdvileSi is mefe, romlis 

gonivrulma, windaxedulma erovnulma nabijebma, rogorc sagareo, ise 

saSinao politikaSi arnaxuli Sedegebi moitana. saqarTvelos saxvalio, 

samomavlo gza swored misi mefobis epoqaSi gamoikveTa da rac mTavaria, 

misi mefobis Semdgomi periodic, marTlac im nayofs isxamda, rac brZenTa 

brZeni da gmiri mefis windaxedulma nabijebma moitana saqarTvelos 

59

erovnul cxovrebaSi. calkeuli individebi, didi pirovnebebi, marTlac 

udides rols TamaSoben istoriaSi. es roli daviT aRmaSeneblis 

sidiademde SeiZleba amaRldes da damaqcevarnic rom bevri yofilan 

saqarTveloSi, arc esaa ucxo da uCveulo Cveni erovnuli cxovrebisaTvis. 

gamsaxurdias, rogorc `qarTlis cxovrebis" zedmiwevniT kargad mcodnes, 

bavSvobidanve suliTa da guliT samSoblos siyvaruliT anTebuls, 

izidavda im mefeTa cxovrebiseuli epizodebis gacnoba, vinac saqarTvelos 

erovnul cnobierebas, mis erovnul yofas didi kvali daaCines. samSoblos 

erovnul interesebs dauqvemdebares mTeli TavianTi Segnebuli cxovreba. 

k. gamsaxurdia Rrmad Caswvda daviT aRmaSeneblis erovnul fenomens. man 

igrZno is Zala da xibli Wabuki mefisa, ramac saqarTvelos Zliereba da 

momavali Seuqmna. daviT aRmaSeneblis personologiuri portretis 

umTavresi Strixi erovnulobis gancda da erovnuli sulis 

ganmtkicebisTvis brZolaa saqarTveloSi. piradi bednierebis uarmyofi, 

saqarTvelos momavalsa da bednierebas swiravs yovelives. saukuneebSi Tu 

gamoerevian erTeuli pirovnebani, ideisTvis TavSewirulni, ideebiT 

gasxivosnebulni gonebiTa da azriT, romelTac sxvagvarad ar ZaluZT 

cxovreba. maTTvis mxolod samSoblo da misi interesebia bednierebaca da 

ubedurebac. yvelaze saintereso is aris, rom aseTebs ZaluZT milionebis 

ideebiTa da àzriT daeleqtroeba", rogorc Tavad konstantine 

migviTiTebda. SegviZlia Tamamad ganvacxadoT, rom daviTis erovnuli mrwamsiTa 

da SegnebiT didxans iyo saqarTvelo daeleqtroebuli. karga xans kvebavda 

qarTvels daviTis erovnuli suli, saqmeni samamaconi da sagmironi, swored 

amiT miiqcia man k. gamsaxurdias yuradReba. TavisTavad k. gamsaxurdias kargad 

esmoda daviTis rolisa da funqciis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi, daviTisdari 

mefeebi rom hyoloda saqarTvelos, dRevandeli Cveni samSoblo, sul 

sxvagvarad warmoCindeboda sxva erebs Soris. amitomac iyo, rom ase didtanian 

romans uZRvnis daviTis erovnul suls da saqarTvelos damoukideblobisaTvis 

brZolas mwerali, magram sainteresoa isic, rom daviTis realur cxovrebaze 

ufro TvalsaCino da sainteresoa is mxatvruli sinamdvile, romelic mwerlis 

cnobierebam warmosaxa. `qarTlis cxovrebaze" Seyvarebuli ymawvilkacis 

survili iyo `mefeTa istoriis" mxatvrulad gaxmovaneba, rameTu mxatvruli 

sityva da azri TviT am did pirovnebebze metad STambeWdavad moqmedebs masebze 

da Cvenc naSromis dasawyisidanve mivuTiTeT imis Sesaxeb, Tu raoden didi 

60

zegavlena moaxdina mwerlis erovnulma cnobierebam saqarTvelos erovnul 

gamofxizlebaze. swored sityvis didostatis damsaxurebaa is erovnuli 

moZraobis talRa, romelmac 90-ian wlebSi gadauqrola saqarTvelos da 

saukuneobiT nanatri Tavisuflebis gzaze gaiyvana. 

Tavad k. gamsaxurdia is erovnuli fenomenia, romelsac swams 

saqarTvelos momavlisa da Tavisi personaJebis. TaraS emxvarisa da k. 

savarsamiZis darad ganicdis saqarTvelos imdroindel politikur 

viTarebas. `qarTlis cxovrebis" idumalmetyvelma furclebma Camoayalibes 

k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli suli. arsebulma viTarebam miiyvana mwerali im 

gadawyvetilebamde, rom istoriuli romanebis seriiT saqarTvelos mTeli 

warsuli warmoedgina mkiTxvelisTvis, Seefxizlebina eris erovnuli nervi 

da mieyvana daskvnamde `sjobs monobaSi gadidkacebuls, Tavisuflebis 

ZebnaSi mkvdari". man gaiara erovnuli cnobierebis is gza, romelic 

qarTveli samocianelebis azrovnebasa da SemoqmedebaSi gamoikveTa. gza, 

romelic qarTvel samocianelTa, erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebel moZraobis 

warmmarTveli gaxda, romelmac momdevno TaobaTa sulieri misiac ikisra. 

k. gamsaxurdias da misi Tanamedroveebis erovnuli cnobiereba 

saqarTvelos saukuneobrivi erovnuli suliTaa gajerebuli. am Taobasac 

Tavisi golgoTa arguna arsTgamrigem, erovnuli TavisuflebisTvis 

momarTulebs bednavsad wamoewiaT 1921 wlis 25 Tebervali. Taoba, romelic 

erovnul problemebs eZebda da aanalazibeda saqarTvelos istoriis 

analebSi, romelic didi iliasa da zogadad samocianelTa erovnul 

ideebs eziara da sabednierod kidevac eRirsa damoukideblobasa da 

Tavisuflebas, erTbaSad mtris mier aneqsirebul qveynis Svilad iqca. 

magram am xanmokle Tavisuflebamac garkveuli azri Seitana samomavlo 

azrovnebasa da, erovnul moZraobaSi. am dromac garkveuli gamocdileba 

misca Tundac TviT k. gamsaxurdias erovnul msoflmxedvelobas. am 

saSineli dReebis eqo mxatvrulad aisaxa k. gamsaxurdias novelebSi. 

`didi iosebi" tragikuli qveynis tragikuli Svilis apologiaa. 

yovelmxrivi adamianuri RirsebiT Semkuli did iosebi, `xanma undobarma" 

amoralurobis WaobSi CaiTria, didi iosebis sulieri rRveva da sikvdili 

ufro adre iwyeba, vidre mas manqana gaitanda, upatiosnesi adamiani 

umweobam da amorfulma drom sulier degradirebamde miiyvana, rac 

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvasTan erTad misi aRsasruliT 

61

mTavrdeba. magram gana marto didi iosebia drois msxverpli, mTeli 

saqarTveloc yofna-aryofnis mijnaze damdgara, saqarTvelo sakuTari 

Svilebis mier gaZarcvulsa da yelgamoWril dedas damsgavsebia. 

`kidev erTi personaJi, romlis aCrdili laitmotivad gasdevs mTels 

novelas da amdenad, vfiqrobT, Zalze mniSvnelovania, esaa moxucebuli 

qali, romelsac Tvalis Cini warTmevia, am qaossa da ubedurebaSi 

aRarafris garCeva rom ar ZaluZs, umweod iSvers xelebs da orad-or 

sityvas butbutebs sasowarkveTili `gamqurdes, miSveleT", magram am 

oromtrialSi mis gasakiTxad aravis scalia. bolos, ucnobi baRis skamze 

Camosvams: ìjda dastiroda Cumad, adgilis dedas miagavda 

saqarTveloisas, sakuTari Svilebis mier gaZarcvulsa da yelgamoWrils.~ 

ìs moxuci mec Semxvda", - dawers mwerali, sxvebsac Sexvdeboda, 

yvelas Sexvdeboda im dRes, dRes, roca faseulobebma Tavisi Rirebuleba 

dahkarges da rac SeiZines, imasac groteskuli saxe mieniWa. gareT quCaSi 

sxvadasxva juris qonebis, rwmenis adamiani dadis aforiaqebuli. duqanSi 

ki asve araerTi erovnebis da mrwamsis adamiani zis erTmaneTis gverdiT... 

... aRreuli Tanasworoba, ganurCevlad yvela erTmaneTis gverdiT, 

mTavaria Semdgom, vin rogor damsaxurebas `moipovebs" xelisuflebis 

winaSe, ra dasWirdeba axal qveyanas, rogori idealebi eqneba da ra 

misabaZi gmirebi eyoleba. erTi ram ki mwerlisaTvis faqtia, gaqrebian 

tfilisuri amqrebi, xelosnebi, oqromWdlebi, meTuluxCeebi, TerZebi, 

xarazebi, meunagireebi da am CamonaTvalSi sxvadasxva ganmartebis gverdiT 

arcTu umtkivneuloc: `qarTuli unagiri qarTul wiTel kavalerias aRar 

sWrideba", saxeliRa SerCeba mxolod erovnuli, saqmianoba ki saqarTvelos 

aRar waadgeba" (niSnianiZe 2000 : 39). 

namdvili babilonis aRreva daiwyo im dReebis saqarTveloSi da 

yvelaze mkveTrad es erovnuli ubedureba Tbiliss daatyda Tavze da 

TbilisSi gamoikveTa. mTavroba daibna da rasakvirvelia, misma dabnevam 

mTel erSi gamoiwvia aJiotaJi. yvela niadagmowyvetil xesaviT daeca 

sulierad. adamianebi meqanikurad moZraobdnen da arc Tavi axsovT da arc 

samSoblo. mTels saqarTveloSi ubedurebis zarebi rekdnen da qarTvelebi 

saqarTvelos tovebdnen 

k. gamsaxurdias mogonebidan: 

62

`- wiTeli armia tfilisisaken daiZra, bolos moaRwia 25 Tebervalma. 

mTeli inteligencia baTumisaken Tan wayva Jordanias mTavrobas. me 

dedaCemi sofelSi gavagzavne. im Rames me da geronti qiqoZem gvianamdis 

viseirneT rusTavelis prospeqtze", studenti gogonebis sadgurSi 

gasacileblad wasuli, Tavadac vagonSi aRmoCnda. baTumSi Sexvedrilma 

germaniis elCma rauSerma ki SesTavza: `Tu gnebavT italiis samxedro 

kreiserze mogawyobT da berlins wabrZandiTo". bolo wuTs gadaufiqrebia 

wasvla, kapitans gaoceba ver daumalavs `me mosvenebas ar maZlevdnen 

tfiliseli ltolvilebi da Tqven sadRa midixarT meTqi. es vuTxari, 

madloba movaxseneT da navSi Cavjeqi" (niSnianiZe 2000 : 41). 

k. gamsaxurdias verafriT warmoedgina, Tundac uaRresi Znelbedobis 

Jams saqarTvelos datoveba. 

konstantine gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobierebis warmmarTveli 

saqarTvelos Tavisufleba da damoukideblobaa. aravis sulier Tu nivTier 

faseulobebze ar rCeba mas Tvali. misi sulieri sayrdeni saqarTvelos 

warsulSi devs. daviT aRmaSeneblis da Tamar mefis saqarTveloa k. 

gamsaxurdias erovnuli STagonebis sazrisi. gardasul saukuneTa gmirebis 

da gmirobis eqoa misi cnobierebis RerZi da qarTuli miTosidan 

TanamedroveobaSi SemoWrili ideebi Tu arqetipebi, erTgvari Tezisebi 

xvalindeli qarTvelisa, momavlis saqarTvelos aRmaSeneblisa. miTosisa 

da rainduli saqarTvelos SejerebiT miRweuli gzaa saqarTvelos idea, 

idea-adamiani, romelic momavlis simboluri gamoxatulebaa. 

k. gamsaxurdias ara marto Semoqmedeba - misi romanebi, leqsebi, 

novelebi, Tu misi publicistika, aramed mTeli misi arseba erovnuli 

sulisTqmiTaa gajerebuli. 

k. gamsaxurdias SegonebiT ara marto mwerloba, mecnierebisa da 

xelovnebis dargTa yvela warmomadgeneli TanamoZmeTa erovnuli TviTSegnebis 

gamRvivebeli unda iyos. mecnieri Tu xelovani, rogorc Tanamedroveobas, 

aseve didi siyvaruliT unda ekidebodes qveynis warsulsac: 

ùdidesi bednierebaa mecnierisaTvis wamalgadasul palimfsestebs 

ganSifravdes, sadavo TariRebs mtkiced daadgendes, warsulis did vnebaTa 

gamo mouTxrobdes TanamedroveT, warsulis gulTamxilavi iyos didi, 

Tanac Tanadrouli (gamsaxurdia t. VI, 1963 : 323). 

63

naTeli gonebiT aSuqebdes bnel labirinTebs warsulisas, aseve 

TvalgamarTulad Sescqerodes aRorZinebul dRevandelobas da momavlis 

mzes, radgan amaoa yovelive mwignobroba, romelic warsuli 

Tanadroulobis siyvaruliT araa gamTbari... 

... mTlian cixed iqca saqarTvelo, magram TavdacvisTvis 

Tavgamodebuli brZolis cecxlSiac man SesZlo msoflio kulturisaTvis 

mieca: merCule da rusTaveli, beqa opizari da giorgi mTawmindeli, Cveni 

SesaniSnavi xuroTmoZRvreba, TvalismomWreli ferwera, brwyinvale mematianeni 

da mdidari folklori, dmanisis, bolnisis, wuRruRaSenis, mcxeTis òSkis, 

atenis, gelaTisa da yinwvisis amgebni, Semmkobni da momxatvelni" - acxadebda 

k. gamsaxurdia da motanili amonarididan sainteresod ikiTxeba, Tu ra 

erovnul misias akisrebda mwerali mecnierebasa da xelovnebas. `mTlian cixed 

gadaqceuli saqarTvelo mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSic Tavis sityvas ambobda 

da im diapazoniT, rom msofliosac awvdenda xmas. da yovelive es qarTvelTa 

erovnuli energiis bunebriv mdinarebad aRiqmeboda. mwerlis azri gvimatebs 

rwmenas, rom igi yovelgan da yvelaferSi erovnuli sulisa da qarTvelTa 

erovnuli TviTmyofadobis maZiebeli iyo. 

Tavi II 

erovnuli cnobierebisa da xasiaTis TaviseburebaTa 

simboluri warmosaxva konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

erovnuli azrovneba, erovnuli buneba da xasiaTi saukuneTa uZveles 

Sreebs moicavs. erovnuli azrovnebis modeli saukuneTa siRrmeSi unda 

veZioT da am Ziebis sferos, upirveles yovlisa, miTosuri speqtri qmnis. 

amasTan erTad zRaprebi, Tqmulebebi, legendebi uxvad moicavs im 

maxasiaTeblebs, riTac SeiZleba erovnuli azrovneba da eris xasiaTis 

magistraluri xazi gamovkveToT. 

rac ufro kargad icnobs mwerali Tavisi xalxis istorias, wvdeba 

misi uZvelesi kulturis niSnebs da masTan erTad msoflio istoriasa da 

kulturis niuansebSi erkveva, miT metad gaiziarebs erovnuli azrovnebis 

64

Zireul niSan-Tvisebebs, rac Tavad mweralsac didad exmareba mxatvruli 

sityvis qargaSi moaqcios Tavisi xalxis eTikur da eTnikur 

TaviseburebaTa problemebi, Cawvdes eris fsiqologiur siRrmeTa Sreebs 

da rac yvelaze sainteresoa, Tavadac Seicnos da sxvebsac daexmaros eris 

sulis SegrZnebaSi. 

k. gamsaxurdia SemoqmedTa im gansakuTrebul kategorias ganekuTvneba, 

romelTac TavianTi didi codniTa da sityvis gamomsaxvelobiTi 

ZalisxmeviT SeuZliaT gaacocxlon erovnuli problemebis uRrmesi Sreebi, 

Cawvdnen eris kulturisa da sulieri siRrmis uSores plastebs da unda 

vTqvaT isic, rom TavisTavad saqarTvelos istoria, qarTuli kulturis 

SesaniSnavi nimuSebi iZleva imis SesaZleblobas, mweralma Tavisi 

fantaziiT, mxatvruli sinamdviliT kidev ufro metad gaafarTovos da 

gaaRrmavos isec mdidari monacemebi erovnuli maxasiaTeblebisa. 

qarTuli folklori uxv masalas iZleva erovnuli cnobierebis 

siRrmeebis ziarebisTvis, Tavad konstantine gamsaxurdia zedmiwevniT 

kargad mcodne qarTuli miTosisa da zogadad qarTuli 

zepirsityvierebisa, sainteresod warmogvidgens maT. yovelive es mxatvrul- 

literaturuli aspeqtiT warmosaxuli, SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs gavecnoT, 

mxatvrul sinamdviled gardaqmnil istorias. 

miTosi da miTosuri warmosaxva TavisTvad gansazRvravs moazrovne 

eris cnobierebisa da xasiaTis Taviseburebebs, mis simbolikas. rac ufro 

Soreuli warsulidan igrZnoba eris miTosuri warmosaxvis elementebi, 

imdenad Soreuli sawyisi aqvs mas eris azrovnebisa da misi sulieri 

formirebis procesSi. k. malinovski naSromiT `miTi pirvelyofil 

fsiqologiaSi" askvnis, rom `miTi arqaul sazogadoebaSi, e.i. iq, sadac igi 

jer ar qceula `gadmonaSTad", asrulebs wminda praqtikul funqcias, xels 

uwyobs tradiciebisa da tomobrivi kulturis sicocxlisunarianobas. 

pirvelyofili adamianis fsiqologiaze Tavisi dakvirvebis Sedegad 

mecnierma daamtkica, rom miTi azris kodificirebas axdens, ganamtkicebs 

morals, adamianebs sTavazobs qcevis garkveul wesebs". 

malinovskis am daskvnidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom miTebi, 

legendebi, Tqmulebebi Tu zRaprebi, es xalxTa uZvelesi kulturebis 

simboloebia, romelmac udidesi roli iTamaSa Tanamedrove msoflios 

xalxTa ganviTareba-CamoyalibebaSi. SeiZleba isic vTqvaT, rom xeli 

65

Seuwyves xalxTa rogorc wes-Cveulebebis Camoyalibebas, aseve gansazRvres 

msoflios xalxTa azrovnebis donec. 

k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi gaxmovanebuli uZvelesi qarTuli 

miTebi gvixsnis qarTveli xalxis uRrmes Sreebs da gvarwmunebs masSi, rom 

es miTebi, legendebi, Tqmulebebi Tu zRaprebi ganmsazRvrelia rogorc 

qarTvelTa erovnuli azrovnebisa da zogadad msoflmxedvelobisa, aseve 

eris bunebis da misi TviTmyofadi individualuri xasiaTisa. argonavtebis 

miTis saukunovani Sreebi bolomde TanamedroveobaSic ki ar aris 

saTanadod gaSifruli da kolxi qalis, medeas fenomenis wvdoma, am 

araCveulebrivad ganviTarebuli da mecnieruli miRwevebiT gajerebul 

saukunesac ki ar ZaluZs. argonavtebis Tu sxva miTebis struqturis 

gamokvleva srulyofilad mraval sagulisxmo da arsebiT problemas 

wamoWris eris azrovnebisa gansazRvrisaTvis. 

SegviZlia dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom eris azrovnebisa da xasiaTis 

TaviseburebaTa simbolur niSnebs k. gamsaxurdia sainteresod kiTxulobs 

qarTul miTologiaSi da am miTologiur models miznobrivad iyenebs 

mxatvrul azrovnebaSi. swored miTologiur modelSi devs sazrisi 

qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis, qarTvelTa erovnuli SemarTebisa, 

igrZnoba Tavisuflebis da damoukideblobis paTosi. am problemis axsna, 

ra Tqma unda, k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebaze dakvirvebiT, misi analiziTaa 

SesaZlebeli. ZiriTadad ki k. gamsaxurdias mxatvruli Semoqmedebis 

magistraluri xazi swored erovnuli azrovnebis. mxatvrul asaxvaze 

gadis. da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, k. gamsaxurdia qarTuli sityvis 

magias, mis mxatvrul Zalas, swored miTiTebul problemaTa warmosaxvisa 

da ganviTarebisaTvis iyenebs, radgan man icis qarTvelTa raindul 

bunebasTan erTad, qarTuli sityva, misi mxatvruli fenomeni udides rols 

TamaSobda eris azrovnebis formirebis saqmeSi. 

akaki wereTeli ganadidebda S. rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis" 

mniSvnelobas qarTveli xalxis erovnuli cnobierebis ganviTarebis 

saqmeSi, k. gamsaxurdias azriTac, rogorc `vefxistyaosani", ise mTeli 

qarTuli mwerloba, qarTuli folklori Tu `qarTlis cxovreba" 

ayalibebda qarTveli eris cnobierebas, mis bunebas, mis mTel arsebas. 

miTebisa da legendebis aucileblobis, maTi funqciis Sesaxeb k. 

gamsaxurdia saintereso azrs gamoTqvams werilSi `traRediis warmoSoba 

66

mistikis sulidan" `ra Raribi iqneboda Cveni fantaziis parnasi, ra 

carieli iqneboda Cveni adamianuri xsovna, rom mas am miTis, am legendis 

damaxsovrebis unari ara hqonoda... carieli iqneboda Cveni fantazia, rom 

Cven nicSesave sityvebiT `Tayvanismcemeli cxovelebi" ar viyoT... rom Cven 

ar gveyos warmodgenisa da pietetis Zala am miTis, am legendis 

dasajerebeli (`traRediis warmoSoba mistikis sulidan", k. gamsaxurdia, t. 

VII, 1983 w.) swored mwerlis am azris gaxmovanebaa mTeli misi Semoqmedeba. 

k. gamsaxurdias romeli nawarmoebic ar unda aviRoT, masSi farTo 

rakursiT ixsneba miTosuri simboloebis mxatvruli saxeebi. am mxriv 

yvelaze sainteresoa wminda giorgis saxe. wm. giorgi saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi qarTvelTa erovnul suls kvebavda. misi arqetipuli modeli 

gansazRvravda eris sulier models, mis raindobasa da simamaces. 

`wminda giorgis ikonografia gvaZlevs gasaRebs misi kultis 

genezisisaTvis. rogorc aRiniSna - cxenze amxedrebuli wm. giorgi, 

romelic gmiravs drakons, ikonografiaSi upiratesad gvxvdeba XII 

saukunidan, xolo ufro adrindel xatebze igi ufro xSirad gamosaxulia, 

rogorc ubralod, SeWurvili raindi, an mxedari - diokletianeze 

gamarjvebuli, Tumc adreuli ikonografiisaTvisac ar aris ucxo 

cxenosani wminda giorgi. wm. giorgis arqetipi da inspiratori miqael 

mTavarangelozi, bibliis mixedviT aris arxistrategosi RvTis zeciuri 

mxedrobisa (istoriuli wminda giorgic mxedarTmTavaria mefisa), miqaeli 

hklavs da amarcxebs kosmiur drakons, xatebze da freskebze igi 

gamosaxulia gvelze Semdgari, maxviliT xelSi. 

raindoba iyo umaRlesi forma sulieri pedagogiisa, romelic iwvevda 

gardaqmnas bunebrivi (ucxeno) adamianisas sulier adamianad (mxedrad) 

romlis miTiuri arqetipebi iyvnen wm. miqaeli, wm. giorgi, santiago de 

komposteli da sxvani" (gamsaxurdia z. 1991 : 162-165). 

qarTveli eri wm. giorgis yvelaze met Tayvans scems. arcerTi 

wmindanis saxelze ar moipoveba imdeni taZari saqarTveloSi, ramdenic wm. 

giorgis saxelzea agebuli. 

vaxuStis aRniSnuli aqvs, rom saqarTveloSi àr arian borcuni da 

maRalni gorani, romelsa zeda ar iyos Senni eklesianni wmidis 

giorgisani" (javaxiSvili 1991 : 131). 

67

qarTul warmarTul panTeonSi mze mdedrobiTi sqesis RvTaebaa, mTvare 

- mamrobiTis. mTvaris kultis adgili wminda giorgim daikava. orSabaTs 

Zvel qarTul, megrul-Wanur da svanur kalendarSi mTvaris dRe ewodeba. 

mas sakraluri mniSvneloba akisria. mTvaris dRe uqmea da amitom Tayvans 

scemen mTvaris dRes. 

giorgi. 

savarsamiZis, taia Selias, xarbediebis mfarvelia sujunis wminda 

mTvaris dRes Tayvans scemen kac zvambaia, TaraSi, ZiZa misi - xaTuna, 

gvanj afaqiZe, anton quTaTeli, giorgi, maxara, liparit orbeliani. 

savarsamiZe taia Selias gazrdilia, mas sjera wminda giorgis 

Zalmosilebisa da Tayvans scems mas. 

iloris wm. giorgis xats gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs sxva 

adgilebis xatTa Soris. iloris eklesiaSi vercxliT moWedili xati 

aRwerili aqvs graf uvarovis asulis saarqeologio komisias. xatTan 

erTad inaxeboda vercxliT moWedili satevari lazuri xelovnebisa 

romelic Semouwiravs erT mdidar lazs. 

megrelTa rwmeniT, wm. giorgis Tavis dReobaze noembris 10-s, yovel 

weliwads mohyavda xolme TiTo TeTri xari, Zalze gasuqebuli. dReobis 

wina Rames, Ramis saTevad mosuli mlocvelebi rom daiZinebdnen wm. giorgi 

Turme eklesiis galavanSi Semoiyvanda xars da gauSvebda. meore dilas 

yvelani dainaxavdnen mSvidad mdgar rqebian xars, romelsac nawiravebs 

dahklavdnen da patar-patara naWrebs daurigebdnen mlocvelebs. 

swored es ambavi uambes mahmadian lazs. iman Sors daiWira, rom ar 

moeSvnen - irwmune Cvni sarwmunoebao, lazma uTxra: qristianobas 

virwmuneb, Tu osmaleTSi, Cems saxlSi saukeTeso xari rom myavs, Tqveni wm. 

giorgi Tavis dReobaSi marTla ilorSi moiyvans da me TviTon SemeZleba 

misi danaxvao. maSin wminda giorgis viwameb da Tqven rjulze 

movinaTlebio, kargi, - uTxres megrelebma. lazi gulSi icinoda, xolo 

megrelebi wminda giorgis sTxovdnen, gamoeCina Tavisi Zala da ucxo kacis 

winaSe mis TanamoZmeT sircxvili ar eWamnaT. 

wminda giorgim, Tu ilorelebs davujerebT, RamiT moiyvana lazis 

saxlSi dabmuli xari. meore dRes yvelam da maTaTn erTad lazma dainaxes 

eklesiis galavnis ezoSi mdgari xari. 16 

68

xaris dakavSireba wm. giorgis kultTan gvxvdeba k. gamsaxurdias 

`dionisos RimilSi". 

`xatma iwyina albaT 

`ras ambob dedakaco, risTvis gauwyreboda xati angelozs?" 

`Cven Cveni vali unda movixadoT. jora unda SemovavloT". 

`... mordum samjer Semoatara mozveri Cemi loginis garSemo. raRaceebs 

butbutebda. mal-male axsenebda wminda giorgis. ZiZam Savtariani dana 

moutana. mordum karis zRurblamdis miiyvana mozveri. cali yuris wveri 

ulmoblad waaTala. gadaagdo. 

wamovxti loginidan., Semecoda jora da vitire. ZiZa manugeSebda: 

`nu stiri, sqansanTelo, Sen SemogavleT Tavze jora, wminda giorgi 

sujuna Seiwiravs Sens magivrad". 

`mTvaris motacebis" personaJebi: kac, Tamari, TaraSi, lukaia, gvanj 

afaqiZe da sxvebi iloris wminda giorgis ukavSirdebian. 

`hei vara, Senxela, rom viyavi, saTofe manZilze win miuSvebdi engurSi 

cxens, msaruliT gadmovenTebodi ukan, Zuaze xels movavlebdi da kiserze 

abgagadagdebuli mivsdevdi ukan". 

`mere aprilSi dadra?" 

`swored aprilSi richa" 

àprilSi daamsxvrie is vaxmistari dadra?" 

`diax aprilSi, aprili bednieri Tvea Cems cxovrebaSi" (I. 24). 

kac zvambaias sayvareli Tvea aprili, giorgobisTve da saerTod 

`mTvaris motaceba"-Si moqmedeba aprilSi iwyeba da aprilSi mTavrdeba. 

`mTvaris motaceba" imasac niSnavs, wers soso sigua, rom engurma 

(erTis mxriv revolucia, meores mxriv aqeroti) CanTqa mTvare - wm. giorgi, 

e.i. emxvarma dakarga damoukidebeli saqarTvelo, warmarTul-qristianuli 

warmodgenebiT aRsavse sicocxlis mTavari mizani. 

TaraSisa da arzayanis bavSvoba miTosis sunTqviTaa gajerebuli. 

`TaraSi da arzayani mTeli dRe fexSviSvela datopaven Txrilebsa da 

WaobebSi, kiboebis daranebs miagneben, Rorjoebs iWeren lodebs qveS, 

gvelebs da xvlikebs qviT usresen Tavs da eseni gvelebi rodia, aramed 

uSvelebeli urCxulebi, xolo erTsac da meoresac urCxulebis mmusrvel 

wminda giorgid moaqvT Tavi. 

`nan, exveweba TaraSi ZiZas: 

69

`ramxelaa iloris wminda giorgis zara? 

`romeli zara?" 

`didi zara" 

ZiZa xels aCvenebs: 

àmxela!" 

àra, amxela" 

`mainc?" 

`wisqvilis gelazis odena" 

`nan Seevedreba TaraSi ZiZas" 

`wminda giorgi rafer cxenze zis?" 

`TeTrze, sqan sanTelo, sul TeTr cxenze!" 

`nan, kidev Seevedreba TaraSi ZiZas: giorgobas dadia ratom dahketavs 

iloris WiSkars?" 

`dadia WiSkars dahketavs, rom ezoSi aravin SeuSvan, vidremdis wminda 

giorgi ar mova da samsxverplo xars ar moiyvans". 

`merme, merme?" 

`merme, davenacvle imis madls, wminda giorgi moiyvans xars". 

`merme?" 

`merme dadia mova meore dRes. eklesias gaxsnis da msxverpls 

dauklavs iloris wminda giorgis". 

`nan, ilorSi marTla Tu aris wminda giorgis mSvildi?" 

`rogor ara, Svilo, me minaxavs" 

`mordusac unaxavs?" 

`yelas unaxavs?" 

`nan, vis esrola boZali wminda giorgim?" 

`veSaps esrola, sqan sanTelo", 

`merme mohkla, nan?" 

`mohkla, aba ras izamda". (`mTvaris motaceba", 81-82). 

lukaia labaxua Svid wels iloris mnaTe iyo. giogobis dRes taZris 

karebTan daemxoboda, didi da mcire gadajegavda da Sig ase Sedioda. igi 

Sewiruli iyo iloris TeTri giorgisadmi. 

lomkac esvanjiasac iloris taZarSi amwyvdevdnen. 

sujunis wminda giorgis qadagia moxuci koxta Telia. giorgobis wina 

Rames eklesiaSi daamwyvdevdnen, raTa meore dRes qveynis momavali 

70

gaecxadebina koxtas enaareulma, qajurma bodvam patara konstanitnes 

suli Searyia da `TuTaSi" daemarTa. sujunis wminda giorgis amitom 

Seswira taia Seliam konstantines sayvareli mozveri, e.i. bavSvis magivrad 

TeTrtaiWosanma mxedarma saqonlis sisxli miiRo. 

sveticxovlis kurTxevis dRes melqisedek kaTalikosma auracxel 

xatebs Soris gamoarCia wminda giorgis xati qarTveli oqromqandakeblis 

mier Sesrulebuli da SehRaRada - `gankurneo didostati arsakiZe". 

novela `tabu"-s Sesaxeb z. gamsaxurdia werda, rom masSi aRwerilia 

wm. giorgis triumfi bolSevizmze. xaxu xarbedia giorgobis wina Rames 

saydarSi Caketes, wmindani gamoecxada da daariga. uflis neba man meore 

dRes xalxs auwya. 

`yvela mouTmenlad eloda 23 aprils. moawia giorgobam. aiyvanes 

sofelSi darCenilebi, saqoneli sujuns waasxes. sulze cxra xari daikla 

im Rames, umagaliTo RamisTeva gaumarTes wmindans. 

xaxu xarbedia Cahketes saRamos saydarSi da, venacvale mis Zalas da 

madls, wmindani gamoecxada da daariga. meore dRes qadagad davarda xaxu 

xarbedia da auwya naWyvedelebs wmindanis neba. mlocvelebi naWyvedSi 

dabrundnen. xelfexi Seukres xvaramzes da morevSi gadaagdes. wyalma ar 

miiRo eSmakis Tanaziari. xvaramze samgzis dadaRes. daangries xvaramzes 

saxli. balaverSi morgvis odena Savi morieli ipovnes. 

sujunis giorgis boZalze aages morieli da eklesiis cacxvze 

lursmaniT miaWedes samgzis. 

da warsTqva, locva xaxu xarbediam qadagma, brZenma: 

`saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa, 

da suliTa wmindisaTa 

monaxveno dediano, monaxveno Zmiano, monaxveno Sviliano... 

xidan Camovardnili xar? 

furclidan anayoli xar? 

ra xar? ra movani xar? 

Cagagdeb cecxlsa rvalisasa: gagaqarveb Tvalsa wamisasa dagWri 

aliTa: maliTa: sujunis xelboZaliTa. 

gamiSvi da gagiSveb: gamiSvi da gagiSveb: Sen: gepyras: da Sen: gebaros: 

Sen: Segepyras: da Sen: gekavos: mrisxane batono saujunisao" (gamsaxurdia 

t. I, 1992 : 124,125). 

71

guram kankavam `tabus" `miTosuri realizmis" novela uwoda. `tabu 

pirvelad sworad waikiTxa zviad gamsaxurdiam. misi azriT, novelaSi 

aRwerilia wminda giorgis triumfi bolSevizmze, romelic 

simbolizebulia wiTuri eSmakisa, da qalbiWa akumis, xvaramzes mier 

Sobili morieliT. wiTurma eSmakma jer urTierTs miusia margalebi da 

afsuebi, xolo Semdeg Tavis mier Sobil moriels daageslina da 

amoawyvetina. gana ar aris es konkretuli winaswarmetyveleba momavlisa?" 

daviT TevzaZe wers: `tabuSi mxatvrulad asaxulia - qarTvel-afxazTa 

tragikuli bedi, Cveni istoria, Cvenive (afxazTa da qarTvelTa) 

windauxedaoba. 

`tabu" mraval ganzomilebaSi ikiTxeba (socialuri, religiuri, 

rogorc es SeniSnes g. kankavam da s. siguam), magram misi mTavari Tema 

afxazi da qarTveli xalxebis urTierTobis sakiTxia. 

d. TevzaZe detalurad ganixilavs metaforul, simbolur-alegoriuli 

saxeebsa da miniSnebebs: 

1. `naTurqalis tyeSi mosuli viRac SavCoxiani wiTuri kaci gamoxatavs 

propagandistis saxes, mwerali ar akonkretebs mis vinaobas, `viRac TiTqos 

miwidan amoZvrao" (`wiTuri kaci Cvens gvarSi ar urevia" - amtkicebs 

xarbedia, e.i. sofelSi mosuli ucxoa), amgvarad, misi SavCoxianoba 

erovnulobaze ar migvaniSnebs: igi ganzogadebuli saxea. ferad `Savi" 

(Coxa) ki aRiqmeba ubedurebis momaswavleblad. amas isic gvafiqrebinebs, 

rom SavCoxianma Savi `Coxis kalTebi Sav droSasaviT aafriala" e.i. izeima 

gamarjveba.m 

2. wiTeli feri (`wiTuri kaci", `wiTeli Cabalaxi", wiTeli CabalaxiT 

Tavgaxveuli") migvniSnebs ara mxolod navss, aramed sisxlis Rvras, wiTel 

ruseTs, wiTel armiasa da wiTel droSas. 

`wiTeli kaci" sofelma Seicno, igi satana, avi suli, cbieri, 

gawvrTnili ideologi - propagandistia... 

niadagi). 

3. `xvaramze icnes" e.i. adgilobrivia, mdedri (unda aRviqvaT, rogorc 

4. wiTuri kacisagan xvaramzes daorsuleba ikiTxeba, rogorc axali 

ideologiis damkvidreba saqarTveloSi. 

72

5. Savi morielis dabadeba (xvaramzesa da satanis pirmSo). `burRiviT 

daRvarCnil fexebiani morgvisodena" saxe - simboloa borotis, mkvlelis, 

sibnelis. 

amgvarad `wiTuri eSma" aRvivebs eTnikur oms (margalebi - qarTvelebi, 

absuebi - afxazebi); 

`tabu" Tavisi SinaarsiT tragediaa, magram qarTvelTa religiuri 

rwmena ixsnis sofels (giorgoba Rames eklesiaSi Cavedi. xaxu xarbedias 

wmindanma Caagona ubedurebis mizezi: sofelmac èSmakis Tanaziari" 

xvaramze `samgzis dadaRa; daangria xvaramzes saxli; balaverSi morgvis 

odena Savi morieli ipova). 

sujunis giorgis boZalze aages morieli da eklesiis cacxvze 

lursmaniT miaWedes samgzis. 

aseTia didi mwerlis konstantine gamsaxurdias koncefcia erT-erT 

qarTul sofelSi afxazTa da qarTvelTa Soris atexil omze, raSic 

ucxos adanaSaulebs. 

z. gamsaxurdias azriT, `wiTeli eSma", romelmac urTierTs miusia 

margalebi da afsuebi `bolSevizmis satanaa", e.i. mis sadaurobas an 

erovnulobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs: igi SeiZleba iyos kavkasielic, rusic" 

(TevzaZe 1996 : 32). 

amrigad, wm. giorgi gaxlavT saxe ganmanTavisuflebeli gmirisa, 

borotebis damTrgunveli naTlis raindisa. igi gaxldaT qarTvelTaTvis 

ideali da misabaZi magaliTi. am aspeqtSi xatavs k. gamsaxurdia wm. giorgis 

saxes Tavis SemoqmedebaSi, da rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT, saukuneTa 

ganmavlobaSi swored wminda giorgi iyo qarTvelTa sulieri 

srulyofisaTvis ideali. TiTqos mis Targze iWreboda qarTuli raindobis 

suli da maTi brZolisunarianobaca da amtanobac wm. giorgis saxe-xatiT 

iyo STagonebuli. 

miTosur aspeqtSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT TaraS emxvaris saxe, qarTul 

kulturasa da saqarTvelos warsulze uzomod Seyvarebuli, saqarTvelos 

momavalze meocnebe gmiris, romelic yovelTvis mzad aris samSoblosTvis 

Tavgasawirad. 

nawarmoebis sxva personaJebic grZnoben TaraSis ganuzomel siyvaruls 

saqarTvelos kulturisa da misi warsulisadmi. 

73

`sCans Zlier hyvarebia Tavisi grZeli nawnavebi, fiqrobda arzayani: 

ramdenjerac ar sTxova arzayanma, Tamarma yuri ar aTxova, biWurad ar 

SeikriWa Tavi. TaraS emxvars moswons albaT, radganac TaraS emxvars 

yvelaferi moswons, rac atavizmis da tradiciebis wiaRidan gamodis" 

(`mTvaris motaceba~, 31). fiqrobs, arzayani da ar scdeba, swored amiT 

gansxvavdebian es ZuZumteebi erTmaneTisagan, rom erTis sizmari, fiqri da 

ocneba saqarTvelos rainduli warsuli da momavalia, xolo meore, 

radganac Tvals ver usworebs istoriis siRrmeebs, socialisturi 

saqarTvelos momavalsac sjerdeba, imis gamo, rom misi ocneba da fiqri 

amis iqiT ver midis. 

nawarmoebis dasawyisidanve cnaurdeba mwerlis ruduneba warsuli 

Tqmulebebisa da legendebisadmi, da rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, am 

legendebsa da TqmulebebSi axmovanebuli erovnuli cnobiereba, erovnuli 

Cvevebi aTasgzis aRemateba Tanamedroveobas Tavisi siRrmiTa da SinaarsiT. 

sainteresoa moxuci mebornis mier naambobi: 

`SarSan aq viRac cxenosnebma gamoiares, isinic marulaze midiodnen. 

erTi ambavi daagdes am cixis gamo naTqvami, ruxis cixesTan omi yofila 

odesRac. gaRma qarTvelebi mdgaran, gamoRma afxazebi da TaTrebi. didxans 

utriales Turme qarTvelebma ruxis cixes, merme galavnur brZolaze 

gadasulan. qarTvelebs vinme ColoyaSvili gamouSviaT, afxazebs viRac 

emxvari. ColoyaSvili WaRara kaci yofila, emxvari uwveruli Wabuki da 

swored aq, sadac Cveni borania, Sexvdnen erTmaneTs Turme ColoyaSvili 

da emxvari. 

èmxvari ekveTa pirveli da xmlis amoReba moaswro. 

`ras ucdi, Wabuko? - SesZaxa ColoyaSvilma 

ùfrosisagan pirvel moqnevas velio". 

gadaxvevian erTurTs oriveni, im dRidan damegobrebulan". 

`Zvel droSi", Caagdo sityva kac zvambaiam, mtrebs Sorisac meti 

Tavazi iyo" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 37). 

mwerals imitom surs am Tqmulebis mxatvruli gaxmovaneba, rom 

dagvanaxos eris zneobrivi saxe warsulSi. ufros-umcrosobis etiketis 

dacva, rom iseTi sabediswero wuTis drosac, rodesac samkvdro- 

sasicocxlod unda Seerkinon mebrZolebi erTmaneTs, aucilebelia 

74

adamianur RirsebaTa warmoCena. imis rwmena, rom sikvdilis Semdegac 

Tundac Rirseulad mogoneba adamianisa, misi saamqveyno yofaa. 

mwerals nawarmoebSi sagangebod Semohyavs karolina, rom mkveTrad 

dagvanaxos, jer kidev rogor suldgmulobs erSi Zveli tradiciebi da 

Cveulebebi. ucxo TvalisaTvis advilad SesamCnevia is erovnuli 

Taviseburebani, rac qarTvelTa erovnul cnobierebas warmarTvas. ucxoeli 

karolinasaTvis metad gansxvavebulia qarTvelTa zne-Cveulebani. is ar 

malavs Tavis gakvirveba: 

ìciT her? _ wasCurCula karolinam TaraS emxvars, xuTi welia rac me 

afxazebis rZali var da xuTas welsac rom vicocxlo, Tqvens Cveulebebs 

verasodes Seveguebi. arsad amdeni sturmebi ar ician, rogorc TqvenSi, 

arsad amden dros ar andomeben Wamas da laparaks. albaT udidesi energia 

laparaksa da WamaSi gexarjebaT, yvelaferze ufro is maocebs, Tqven 

yvelani saxiT, tipiT, JestikulaciiT, xmiT da CvevebiT erTmaneTs rom 

hgavxarT ase zedmiwevniT. aiReT Tundac am sufris meinaxeni... 

`pativcemulo frau, - eubneboda TaraS, - Cveni siZliere swored isaa, 

rom Tqven jer kidev erTgvarni geCvenebiT. me vamayob, rom Cveni xalxi 

dResac misdevs im Cveulebebs, romelnic memuarebSi Setanili aqvT Zvel 

berZen da romael istorikosebsa da mogzaurebs. 

gaxsovdeT: vinc gamocvlila, igi gadagvarebula kidevac" (`mTvaris 

motaceba~, 74). 

am dialogidan irkveva, rom qarTvelebs jer kidev SemorCeniaT 

saukunovani tradiciebi da Cveulebebi, zogadad, erovnuli azrovneba. 

sayuradReboa TaraS emxvaris SeniSvnac. `vinc gamocvlila igi 

gadagvarebula kidevac, rogorc personaJis, ise mwerlis azriTac 

qarTvelTa siZliere da gamZleoba swored mis ucvlelobaSi, mis erovnul 

azrovnebasa, tradiciebsa da CveulebebSia ganfenili. 

ara Tu samSobloSi inarCuneben qarTvelebi Tavis saxes, ucxo 

qveynebSic, TavisTavadni da sxvaTagan gansxvavebulni rCebian. am mxriv 

sainteresoa TaraSis mamis jamsuR emxvaris portreti, misi Cveulebebi, 

romelic anaqronizmia sazRvargareTuli yofis modelisaTvis: `rusuli 

galoSebi ar gaixada. berlinuri saSineli wvimebi isedac guls uklavda. 

majaganiT gaaxdevina TaraSma Coxa. 

75

evropuli kostiumi rom Caicva, ase mgonia kaba macviao, qolgas ver 

Seegua, mRvdeli xom ara varo. Tavis TeTr Cabalaxs veRar Seelia. 

axla Cabalaxis gamo autyda quCis brbo. veravis gaego rad ekida 

berikacs kiserze es TeTri Salis naWeri... 

erT sastumroSi gvianamdis darCa. Cacmisas Cabalaxi xelidan gauvarda 

naRvinevs. mieWra viRac Tavxedi amerikeli, dainteresebulma xeli waavlo 

Cabalaxs da raki Seityo berikacma inglisuri ar icoda, jer loyaze 

gaisva Cabalaxis toti, mere xelze, jamsuRi sdumda, axla Tavis yavisfer 

botforze waisva, munjurad ekiTxeboda, piris sawmendad ginda, xelisa Tu 

fexsacmlisao, maSin gauSala da iseTi sila aWama jamsuR emxvarma im 

gaTavxedebul amerikels, rom sami xelovnuri kbili Caulewa" (`mTvaris 


am monakveTSi sainteresod daixata jamsuR emxvaris portreti, misi 

individualuri buneba. naTeli gaxda, rom msgavsi adamianebis 

saxecvlileba Znelia, ramdenadac yovelive is, rac maT bunebaSi 

bavSvobidanve gamjdara, ise Rrma Sreebsaa SenivTebuli sulSi, misi 

aRmofxvra SeuZlebelia. 

radganac jamsuR emxvaris mxatvrul saxeze gavamaxvileT yuradReba, 

SeuZlebelia mTlianad ar warmovidginoT sayrdenmorRveuli pirovnebis 

tragediis saxiT misi arseba. Tumca erTic unda vTqvaT, jamsuRis tragedia 

misive bunebidan, misive mtkice xasiaTebidan da Cveulebebidan 

momdinareobs, rac ise mkvdiri da aucilebelia misi pirovnebisaTvis. 

gardaqmna da gadasxvafereba jamsuRisa ar xerxdeba. da arc aris 

sasurveli da Sesabamisi misi mTliani mxatvruli portretisa da msgavsi 

bunebis adamianebisaTvis. 

`mainc rogori saocari bedi hqonda jamsuRr emxvars, saiTac ar unda 

wasuliyo, swored aseT àkrZalul: karebs miadgeboda. 

mudam mJave da pilpiliani saWmelebis monatruli iyo. 

daixuTa berikaci ciklopiur qvis SenobebSi, mudam mwvaneze ocnebobda 

da SiSveli miwis suni enatreboda. amitomac parkebsa da skverebSi 

ganukiTxavad gadadioda mwvane gazonebze, xan motociklebis da 

velosipedebis motvlepil bilikebze, xanac fxvier sacxeno Sarebze 

siaruls arCevda. amitomac mudam ajarimebdnen, iWerdnen da lanZRavdnen" 

(`mTvaris motaceba~, 92). da yovelive es xdeboda imis gamo, rom jamsuRi 

76

Tavisi eris namdvili Svilia, mtkice damcveli Tavisi erovnuli unebisa, 

ra Tqma unda, swored am simtkicem miiyvana igi samaris piras, magram misi 

sxvagvari yofna warmoudgeneli iyo da albaT arc Tavad isurvebda 

saxecvlil sicocxles. 

Tumca imdroindel yofaSi xSirad xdeboda adamianTa saxecvlileba. 

mravalTagan mravali sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad yovelgvar daTmobaze 

midioda drois winaSe da amis naTeli magaliTebic gvxvdeba umTavresad, 

epizodur personaJebs Sors. magaliTad mRvdeli - sevasti lakerbaia, man 

ànafora gaixadao da axla ase ambobso, ocdaxuTi weli RvTis qebiT Tavs 

irCendao da awi Tavisi sibere RvTis gamobiT unda gaaTrios" (`mTvaris 

motaceba~, 94) Tundac anusia monazonma rom aborti gaikeTa. `yvelaze 

saintereso saxe nawarmoebSi Semgueblobisa - Sardin alSibaia da jokiaa. 

am medroveTa portretebs mwerali Tagvebis Semgueblobis unars adarebs. 

Tumca Cven amJamad am problemebisagan Sorsa varT, mxolod jamsuRis 

saxesTan maTi kontrastulobis gamo movigoneT maTi ujiSoba da 

uniadagoba. 

CvenTvis amJamad umniSvnelovanesia simtkice da Seuvaloba qarTvelTa 

zne-Cveulebebisa, maTi erovnuli cnobierebisa, rac ase sainteresod 

aisaxeba rogorc zogadad qarTuli cxovrebis sinamdvileSi, ise calkeul 

personaJTa individualur maxasiaTeblebSi. romanSi gamowvlilviTaa 

asaxuli qarTuli zne-Cveulebani, am CveulebaTa ganmtkiceba mozardTa 

sulSi. maTi waSla, maTi aRmofxvra araviTar Zalas ar ZaluZs. 

sainteresoa, TaraSis gamzrdelis, kac zvambaias, saxe. igi namdvili 

didaqtikosia, erovnul Zirebze amozrdili da Camoyalibebuli. 

`kac zvambaia aswavlis balRebs ubelo cxenebiT jiriTs, xanjlis 

xmarebas, lekuris moqnevas, gaWenebul cxenidan gadmoxtomas da isev 

zedmoqcevas, isindis TamaSs. 

amoiRebs satevars kac, uCvenebs TaraSs da arzayans calkerZad 

galesils: 

`gaxsovdeT, satevari arasodes pirdapir ar unda aZgeroT mters. es 

salaxanebma ician, asea, satevars marjved unda waavlo vadaSi xeli, 

zevidan mouqnio da CamosTalo." 

ukve jarobaSi - osxapueSi gamodian biWebi, gansakuTrebiT TaraSs 

uyvars osxapue, iq xintkirias TamaSoben axlad moCituli soflis 

77

tolbiWebi" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 100). da ara mxolod pirdapiri gziT xdeba 

ymawvilebis erovnuli sulis wrToba - yvela dResaswauli, axali weli, 

mirsoba da sxva mravalTan dakavSirebuli tradiciuli ritualebi avseben 

warmosaxvis sferoebs. Tanac yovelive es dRiTi dRe da wlobiT ise jdeba 

cnobierebaSi, maT gareSe arseboba SeuZleblad miaCniaT adamianebs. 

ra Tqma unda, bevri ram Zveldeba da axali Taobebi iviwyeben an 

ibrZvian dromoWmuli adaT-wesebsa da Cveulebebs, magram aris aseve bevri 

ram, romelTa aRmofxvra SeuZlebelia da TaraS emxvaris cnobirebaSi - 

balRobisdroindeli gasarTob-SemecnebiTi TamaSebi, ritualebi da 

Cveulebebi isea fesvgadgmuli, evropaSi swavla-ganTleba miRebuls, iq 

wlobiT nacxovrebsa da sruliad naziarebs gansxvavebul kulturasTan, 

mainc enatreba bavSvoba, saqarTvelo, gardasul xanaSi nagrZnob-gancdili. 

TavisTavad cxadia, rom Tavad TaraSis sulis Sreebi gajerebulia 

yovelive im erovnuli saxe-xatebiT, romelic ase individualursa da 

gamorCeul sapeqts hqmnis mis pirovnebaSi. 

TaraSTan erTad izrdeboda arzayani, miTumetes orives aRmzrdeli 

arzayanis mama - kac zvambaia iyo. magram TaraSis suli da sisxli ufro 

Rrmad Seimecnebs im yovelives, rac erovnul speqtrs ukavSirdeba, vidre 

arzayanisa. ra Tqma unda, individualuri maxasiaTeblebi pirovnebisa, 

yovelTvis sainteresoa da am individualur monacemebze dayrdnobiT 

iqmneba TaraS emxvaris ase sainterso saxe - erovnuli cnobierebiTa da 

erovnuli suliT, romelsac Tavisi didi codnis erovnul kulturasTan 

Serwyma surs. swored amitomacaa misi sadisertacio Temis kvlevis sagani, 

`kolxuri fetiSizmi", Tumca imdroindel saqarTveloSi TaraSis 

azrovnebisa da codnis Semmecnebeli albaT Zalian cota Tu iqneboda, 

swored aman ganapiroba TaraSis disertaciis uaryofa universitetisagan. 

TaraS emxvari grZnobs, rom sxvaTa qveynebis ganaTlebis sistemam, maTma 

erovnulma cnobierebam bevri ram daaklo masac da mis Taobasac: 

`rogorc dasageS miminos abreSumis ZafiT Tvalebs amoukeraven, merme 

marcxena xelze daisvamen da mTel Rames aaa-s CamZaxian yurSi, raTa Tavisi 

warsuli gadaaviwyon, Tandayolili energiis pirveladi silaRe gaacalon 

da sxvis nebaze frenas miaCvion, ise CamZaxoden yurSi aaas... evropeli 

mecnierebi, mwerlebi, mxatvrebi da musikosebi Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi", - 

eubneba TaraS emxvari Tamars. 

78

`da me sul sxva gavxdi, vidre aq viyavi da axlac igi ara var, rac 

unda vyofiliyavi, rac iq miswavlia, aq aRar gamomadga ra, rac aq 

SemiZenia, iq ar gamomadgeba". 

`mamasTan erTad mTel evropaSi yialis dros me gavecani dawvrilebiT 

evropis yofa-cxovrebas, presas da industrias. marTali giTxra, Sevdrki, 

es yovelive ros Sevicani. axla ra unda gaawyos CvenisTana patara erma?... 

axla dasavleTis didi erebi modian TavianTi haubicebiT, 

haeroplanebiT, pressiT, TeatriT da literaturiT da Cven ra unda 

davupirdapiroT maT samagierod? mitomac vyoymanobdi Sin dabrunebas". 

`raRa Sors mivdivarT, karolina xom Seni rZalia, Cveni rZalia, 

afxazeTis rZali, xom marTebuli iqneboda, rom mas Cveni ena Seeswavla, 

Cveni Cveulebebi SeeTvisebina, magram icis, es mas ara sWiria. es ar 

ainteresebs, radganac Cven cotani varT. aba orasi milioni viyoT Zlieri 

saxelmwifo gvqondes, mdidari literatura maSin aqeT Semogvexveweboda, 

maswavleTo... 

... TaraS emxvaris winaSe didi asparezi iyo, magram sadac didi 

asparezia, iq moasparezec mravalia. deda ki oqumidan iwereboda, sxvis 

baRSi TuraSaulis dargvas, sakuTarSi maJalos daTesva gerCioso" 

(`mTvaris motaceba~, 105). 

motanili amonarididan kargad igrZnoba, Tu rogor Slis erovnul 

cnobierebas ucxouri swavla-ganaTleba, rogor aclian maT Tandayolil 

pirvelad cnobierebas da sxvaTa nebaze frenas aCveven. yvelaze 

tragikulia TaraSis aRiareba `rac iq miswavlia aRar gamomadga da rac aq 

SemiZenia iq ar gamomadgeba". e.i. erovnul niadags mowyvetili axalgazrda 

gaorebuli bunebis xdeba da misi sulieri harmonia irRveva, fsiqika 

ibzareba da erovnuli mrwamsi ikargeba. 

sxva vis da konstantine gamsaxurdias namdvilad aqvs ufleba msgavsi 

daskvna gaakeTebinos Tavis personaJebs, radganac man Tavad igema kargica 

da cudic ucxoeTisa, Tavad igrZno misi dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi 

zegavlena. 

k. gamsaxurdias romanebSi rogorc vTqviT, `polifoniuroba" batonobs. 

amasTan erTad gamoTqmuli azri xSirad alegoriuli daniSnulebisac 

aris. zogjer imis garkvevac Znelia nawarmoebSi gamoTqmul azrs Tavad 

mwerali eTanxmeba Tu ara, amis sailustarciod Tundac `vazis 

79

yvavilobaSi" cerodenas, am metad antipatiuri personaJis azria 

saintereso da misadagebuli im probelmebTan, romelic `mTvaris 

motacebaSi" TaraS emxvaris mieraa gamoTqmuli. `saerTod Tanamedrove 

teqnikis Semosvla Cvens sofelSi arc ise saxarbieloa, rogorc es bevrs 

eocnebeba, civilizacia sabolood mospobs erovnebebsa da maT 

nacionalur Taviseburebas nivelirebas mouwyobs. mxolod primitiulma 

saxalxo meurneobam Seinaxa xalxTa nacionaluri ieri. inglisurma enam 

daipyro rogorc rkinigzis, ise gemebis meurneobani, frangulma - 

diplomatia da saerTaSoriso ambebi" (`vazis yvaviloba~, 415). 

es azri Seesabameba TaraSis mosazrebas da vfiqrobT, Tavad mwerlis 

ganwyobilebasac, magram `vazis yvavilobaSi" iseT konteqstSia gamoTqmuli, 

gvafiqrebinebs, rom mwerali am mosazrebas ar iziarebs. TavisTavad 

cxadia, Tu ratom dasWirda k. gamsaxurdias misi aseT mimarTebiT 

warmosaxva. 

metad niSandoblivia dedis Segoneba `sxvis baRSi TuraSaulis 

dargvas, sakuTarSi maJalos daTesva gerCioso". deda maias udavod 

erovnuli cnobiereba gaaCnia, es kargad ikiTxeba mis mier TaraSisadmi 

miweril werilebSi. 

mxolod TaraSis saxe rom warmovsaxoT erovnuli cnobierebis 

magaliTad k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, davrwmundebiT, rom TaraSis 

erovnuli azrovneba Rrma da srulfasovania. TaraS emxvaris Rrma 

ganswavluloba, misi intuituri codnis fenomeni, iseT mniSvnelovan 

niuansebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas, rac mas saSualebas aZlevs Cawvdes 

Tavisi eris namdvil saxes, TviT wvrilmanebSic ki mravalferovani da 

sagulisxmo azri amoikiTxos, Tundac es faqti: `TaraS gafacicebiT 

aTvalierebda xalxis Cacmulobas, radgan mas sjeroda, rom araferSi ise 

mkafiod ara Canso kacobriobis kulturis mravalsaxieri sapire, rogorc 

kostiumebis istoriaSi. xalxebis zneni da Cvevani maTi tanisamosiT 

ganizomebao - eubneboda igi Tamars, Zabulisa da arzayans... 

.. saxisa, Cacmulobisa da mixvra-moxvris niSatiT arCevda TaraS emxvar 

barelebisagan - mTebidan Camosul grZelsatevrian glexebs. maT bewviani 

nabdis paWiWebi da yurebiani qarTuli qalamnebi ecvaT. amgvar 

grZelwverian da mxarbeWian glexebs miawerso xalxuri zepirsityvaoba 

qajebis musvras - ambobda TaraS emxvari" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 169). 

80

magram marto aq ar Cerdeba emxvaris cnobiereba, man Zalian kargad 

icis is, rom qarTuli erovnuli kulturis mravalferovneba qarTuli 

xmal-xanjlebisa da satevrebis mravalsaxeobaSic SeiZleba amoikiTxo. jer 

erTi aq qarTvel ostatTa guli da suli cnaurdeba da aranaklebi 

mniSvneloba aqvs, vin da rogor atarebs maT. rogoria maTdami 

damokidebuleba sazogadod erisagan. TviT iaraRis tarebasa da 

moxmarebaSic cnaurdeba eris kultura: 

`TaraS emxvari yuradRebiT aTvalierebda jvarelebis vercxlis 

masrebs, brtyelsa da grZel satevrebs. qarTuli da lekuri aw gadasuli 

oqromWedlobis iSviaT nimuSebs amCnevda aqa-iq. maTi qamrebic moswonda 

TaraSs, mravalTaviani enebiT, saqoneebiT, sawamleebiT damSvenebuli. 

zogierT moxucebuls vercxliT mozikuli, zarnaSiani dambaCebi zurgs 

ukan gaerWo, marTalia biWebi dascinodnen kidevac amgvari don-kixoturi 

SeWurvilobiT dabaSi CamosulT, magram isini arafrad agdebdnen amas... 

... Tamarma viRac tanwyobili moxucebulisaken miaxeda TaraSi, 

satevris qarqaSis zedapirze gasaocaris ostatobiT amokveTili iyo odnav 

SesamCnevi miniaturebis darad vazis foTlebis, klertoebis, pwkalebis 

CuqurTmebi, xolo qamris enebisa da saqoneebis kidurebze naxevari mTvare. 

TaraSma Tavazianad gamohkiTxa berikacs am qamar-xanjalis ambavi... 

... ìci Tamar, rogori uryevi Zala moepovebaT am usulo sagnebs, isini 

saukuneebis ulev mewyerebs gadarCenilni zRvis kimelebsaviT CarCebian 

xolme alag-alag da ise munjad inaxaven uxsovar droTa gardasul 

surnelebas, me Tavbru mesxmis, roca movigoneb Tu ra bneli droidan 

modis es oqroTi da vercxliT welis damSvenebis ambavi, Zvel egviptelebs 

uyvarda igi. 

vin icis, ramdeni uZilo Rame moundomebiaT am oqros miniaturul 

CuqurTmebis gamoyvanisaTvis romelime leks, an tfilisel ostats. awi 

aRaravin moiclis maT gasakeTeblad (`mTvaris motaceba~, 171). 

motanili amonaridi udavod metyvelebs TaraSis amouwurav codnaze, 

swored am codnis saSualebiT SegviZleva amovikiTxoT qarTvelTa 

erovnuli kulturis maxasiaTeblebi. 

k. gamsaxurdias yvela nawarmoebSi igrZnoba qarTvelTa eTikuri, 

eTnikuri Tu sawesCveulebo maxasiaTeblebisdami udidesi interesi: 

81

`Tedom idayvze xeli moucacuna profesors, darRveuli saxlis 

balavrisaken waiyvana, korinTelma nasaxlarze darCenil dedaboZs daadga 

Tvali. 

`didad saintereso movlenaa es dedaboZi", eubneba profesori Tedos 

da goderZis, sul axlos mivida dedaboZTan, xeli Seaxo da sTqva: 

`muxaa!" 

muxaoo, daumowma Tedom 

àm dedaboZis moSla ar damaneba papaCemma. sanam me cocxali var, agre 

iyoso", ambobs goderZi" (`vazis yvaviloba~, 432). 

es dialogi k. gamsaxurdias `vazis yvavilobidan" masze migvaniSnebs, 

rom mwerali didi gulmodginebiT ekideboda yovelive qarTulis, 

erovnulis gamovlinebas da saTanadod warmosaxavda mas Tavis 

SemoqmedebaSi. 

TviT tansacmlis forma, magaliTad qarTuli Coxa-axaluxis Cacma- 

morgebis wesSic ki SeiZleba amovikiTxoT qarTuli buneba-xasiaTi, rasac 

miuTiTebs kidec gonebamaxvili germaneli qali. 

axaluxis Rilebis Sekvra mTel filosofiad miaCnia TaraSs. 

ès Rilebi, eubneboda TaraS emxvar karolinas, religiuri 

meditaciisaTvis SeuqmniaT. albaT morwmune kaci TiTo Rilis Sebnevisas 

TiTo locvas ambobdao" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 201). karolina TaraSis am 

SeniSvnis Semdeg aseT daskvnas akeTebs: 

àxla ki vxedav, rogori didi moTminebis patroni yofilano afxazebi 

da megrelebi, yovel dilas 32 amgvar Rils vinc ibnevso" (`mTvaris 


sainteresoa qarTul zne-CveulebaTa amsaxveli epizodebi, da 

SeuZlebelia ar SeniSnoT mTeli im tomebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli 

individualuri monacemebi, romlebic saqarTvelos teritoriaze 

cxovroben. saqarTvelo am mxrivac mravalferovan simbolikas qmnis. yvela 

kuTxesa da teritorias zogjer imdenad TavisTavadi, sxvaTagan 

gansxvavebuli niSnebi axasiTebs, TiToeul maTganze dakvirveba metad 

saintereso da uxv masalas iZleva. romanSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba 

eTmoba megrelTa, afxazTa Tu sxvaTa individualur maxasiaTeblebs da 

TiToeuli maTgani TavisTavadac ramdenime kulturuli Sris momcvelia. 

`romeli kulturis naSTebs ar Seeyreba kaci svaneTSi: iranuli 

82

mazdeanizmi gnebavT, qaldeuli mTvaris kulti Tu ZvelberZnuli 

misteriebi, eubneba mwerals ingliseli mecnieri mister emeri - imasac 

brZanebs rom àmdeni jafa da xifaTi arc afrikis junglebSi, arc 

tibetze gadasvlisas ar Semxvedria. arc amdeni jerac unaxavi minaxavs da 

gaugonari gamigonia" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 535). 

sainteresoa mwerlis pasuxi ucxoelis gakvirvebaze: ìciT, mister, me 

axlac svaneTs mivdivar, magram ucnaurze monadire me ar gaxlavarT. 

sakvirveli ram yovel kacs SeuZlia sakuTar baRCaSic aRmoaCinos, 

dasasrul sakuTar sulSi rom Caixedos yovelma Cvenganma, iqac bevrs 

vnaxavT ucnaursa da gaugonars." 

vfiqrobT, am ganmartebaSic udavod mwerlis mxaresaa simarTle, 

uZvelesi qveynis mcxovrebT xom sisxlic uZvelesi aqvT da sisxls xom 

yvelaferi axsovs. habardis `dianetikiT" Tu vixelmZRvanelebT Cveni eris 

sisxlis mexsierebaSi mTeli Cveni warsulia Cadebuli Tu Cakiruli, 

Sesabamis SemTxvevasa da garemoebaSi, Tu amis SesaZlebloba eZleva, 

qarTveli swored am didebuli warsulis Sesabamisad warmoaCens Tavis 

saxes. SeiZleba vTqvaT, TiToeuli qarTveli kacTagani saxe-simboloa 

mTeli warsulis, mTeli usasrulo gardasuli epoqebisa, romelmac 

uamravi nivTieri Tu sulieri kulturis Zeglebi dagvitova. TaraS 

emxvaric xom warsul droTa Seqmnil, dRes ukve samuzeumo eqsponatebad 

qceul nimuSebs erTgvari ZrwoliT Sescqeris da es simboluri saxe 

saqarTvelos warsulisa, TiTqos momavlisaTvis gamowvdili xelia, ramac 

unda uzrunvelyos qveynis momavali. 

am gardasul kulturaSi dakvivrebuli Tvali saqarTvelos 

momavalsac garkveviT igrZnobs da dainaxavs. konstantine gamsaxurdia 

Tavis werilebSic aRniSnavs. 

`cxadia, didi eris natexi varT, Tumca warsulSic ar yofila Cveni 

qveyana iseTi bazisi axal ideaTa da mimdinareobaTa, rogoric Zveli 

indoeTia, sparseTi, axali safrangeTi, germania da inglisi. ar 

vyofilvarT axal ideaTa jvarosanni, arc Tu reformatoruli misia 

daukisrebia CvenTvis istorias. 

Cveni erovnuli cxovrebis duRili Cvenive qveynis zRudeebs ar 

gascilebia... 

83

... ityvian amis mizezi qarTuli erovnuli ojaxis, qarTvelTa naTesavis 

simcireao. 

marTalia erTi eris TanamoziareTa simravles didi wili udevs eris 

kulturul civilizaciur muSaobis ganayofierebaSi, magram aq ubralo 

proporciebis kanonebis mobodiSebiT veras davamtkicebT... 

... Cven kulturul zrdas didi xnis istoria aqvs, magram Cveni 

istoriuli gza, naTelsa da swor gzatkecils rodi hgavs. igi ufro 

uRran tyeebSi da klde-RreebSi maval Saras mogagonebT, ufskrulebiT 

rom gawyvetilia aqa-iq" (gamsaxurdia t. VIII 1967 : 145). 

zedmiwevniT sworadaa mignebuli qarTvelTa kulturis 

zogadsakacobrio kvarcxlbekamdis miuRwevlobis mizezi. swored im 

wyvetilma epoqebma, swored im aTasgzis ganadgurebam da kvlav 

aRorZinebam, rac uTvalavi mtris SemoseviT iyo ganpirobebuli, 

SeuZlebeli gaxada msoflio arenaze gagvetana Cveni TviTmyofadi, 

erovnuli kulturis Zeglebi, swored aman gansazRvra is, rom saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi yovelive qarTuli ganmxoloebuli rCeboda msoflio 

arenidan. 

svaneTSi gadaxvewili TaraSi kidev ufro uaxlovdeba im Zirebs, 

romelic mis bunebaSi erTgvarad patriarqatisadmi ndobas da mowonebas 

aRviZebs. TaraS emxvari grZnobs saqarTvelos warsuls, romelic mTeli 

misi mravalricxovani tomebis kulturiTaa warmodgenili, rac erTgvar 

samuzeumo ganwyobilebas qmnis da adamiani TiTqos realuri yofidan, 

warmosaxvisa da fantaziis samyaroSi gadahyavs. isec metad ganaTlebuli 

da saintereso saxe TaraS emxvarisa, am kulturul saxe-simboloTa 

ziarebiT kidev ufro metad itvirTeba da mTlianad Seusabamo xdeba im 

gulcarieli da ocnebaCakluli drois, romelmac TiTqos gamoigona 

adamianebi, romelmac adamianebs warsuli mTlianad waarTva. 

magram TavisTavad k. gamsaxurdias, rogorc mwerlisa da rogorc 

zogadad moazrovnis didi damsaxureba isaa, rom Tavisi SemoqmedebiT 

cdilobs totalitarizmisagangan daixsnas zogadad xelovneba da kerZod 

literatura. is Tavis SemoqmedebaSi saqarTvelos warsuls, misi arsebobis 

simbolikiT acocxlebs da asulierebs TviT usulo sagnebsac. 

totalitaruli saxelmwifos pirobebSi upirvelesad sazogadoebrivi 

cxovrebis yvela sferoze absoluturi kontroli iyo dawesebuli da Tu 

84

vinme am kontrolis xazidan gasvlas Seecdeboda, isini devnisa da 

SeviwroebisaTvis iyvnen ganwirulni. zogjer imasac ar jerdebodnen 

totalitarizmis ideologebi, daumorCilebelTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTasac 

ki mimarTavdnen. represiebi yovelTvis iyo mosalodneli da zogjer 

yovelive ara marto Tavisuflebis, sicocxlis likvidaciiTac ki 

mTavrdeboda. 

arsebuli epoqis mkacri xeli araerTgzis gadawvda k. gamsaxurdiasac. 

Tavisi mxatvruli sityviT, didi codniTa da intuiciiT TiTqmis mTeli 

epoqa Seqmna sinamdvilisa, romelic gvarwmunebs, rom _ warsulSi 

momavalic igulisxmeba. 

TiTqos araTu personaJis, aramed Tavad konstantine gamsaxurdias 

sityvebia, imediTa da rwmeniT rom aRavsebs mkiTxvels: 

`me ugunebobas ar veZlevi, minda gavjansaRde, mSobliuri miwis 

surneliT ganvikurno, minda ucxouri Cveulebani ukuvagdo da Cems xalxs 

davubrunde. ugunebobas vebrZolo, nislian qveynebidan wamoyolils. 

amitomac vnadirob da mTebSi davdivar, raTa papaCemis mouRalavi sisxli 

aCqamdes Cems ZarRvebSi, winaparTa gulisa da muxlis simagre kvlav 

movixveWo. adamiani yovel wuTs mzad unda iyo sikvdilisaTvis, magram ar 

unda Rnaode. saxeze ar unda getyobodes mowyenis Crdili. yovelTvis ise 

unda geWiros Tavi, TiTqos nadimze midiode 

... Zvel saqarTveloSiac ase iyo: Cveni qristeanizmisaTvis ucxo iyo 

dasavleTis mrume misticizmi, Cveni udidesi poetebi unaRvlo momRerlebi 

iyvnen, Cveni xalxuri poeziac sixaruliT, siciliT da mziTaa savse 

(`mTvaris motaceba~, 353). 

TaraS emxvaris azri yovelTvis miuTiTebs erTze, saqarTvelo didi 

erovnuli warsulis qveyanaa da Cveni eris buneba-maxasiaTeblebi sanimuSo 

da misabaZia. TaraSi Tanamedroveobis propagandisti verafriT gaxdeba, 

radaganc misi sulis arqetipebi warsulSia Camarxuli da yovelive lamazi 

da amaRlebuli, rac mas izidavda, dResdReobiT an qreba, anu ukve 

gamqralia, aki Tavadac acxadebs: 

`davrwmundi: is samyaro, romelic me ganuzomlad miyvarda, 

veRarasodes aRsdgeba awi. xundebian Cemi sayvareli ferebi, qrebian Cemi 

sanatreli simRerebi da es loforTqinasaviT saxecvlili qveyana me 

meCveneba rogorc uferuli tramali" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 353). 

85

am uferuli tramalisTvis ferebis miniWeba arvis ZaluZs da TaraSis 

ocneba, misi fiqri da azri, Zveli rainduli saqarTveloskenaa miqceuli, 

romlis erovnuli cnobiereba gansazRvravs TaraSis erovnuli azrovnebis 

models. gardasuli drois miTebsa da legendebSi xmovandeba TaraSis 

warmosaxva. miTiur samoselSia gaxveuli mTlianad erovnuli azrovnebis 

simbolika. TaraSma yovelive Seiswavla, yovelive gaiTavisa da imasac 

mixvda, rom iazonebi arasodes dalevia saqarTvelos. saerTod vfiqrobT, 

rom iazons ara marto oqros sawmisi miaqvs saqarTvelodan, mihyavs misi 

umTavresi ganZi - medea. es marTlac grZneulebiTa da gonierebiT aRsavse 

qalwuli. mSvenierebiTac ganTqmuli da Sesabamisad niWieri, mecnierebasa 

da medicinaSi friad ganswavluli. medea Cveni azriT yovelive 

mSvenierebisa da amaRlebulis simboloa miTologiaSi. am simbolos 

gatacebiT, irRveva qveynis mTlianobis, misi uZlevelobis miTi. 

erTi ram aris saintereso mwerlis mier argonavtebis miTis 

simbolikasTan dakavSirebiT, igi yovelTvis fragmentulad, andac 

araseriozuli saxiTaa mTxrobelTa mier gadmocemuli: 

`xumrobiT, laRobiT uTxrobda argonavtebis kolxeTSi mosvlis miTs, 

iazonis mier medeas motacebis ambavs. ueWvelia, kolxeTSi iyoo aias 

kunZuli. aq yofilao miTiuri kirke. 

merme uambo Tamars, Tu rogor gaumarTa aetes mefem nadimi iazons. 

undoda berZnebi daeTro da gemi argo daewva idumal. aq ki afroditem 

vnebiT aRagznoo aetes, Tavisi coli evrilite moandoma da CauSalao 

mefes ucxoelebis gaJletis gegma" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 408). 

sainteresoa gvanj afaqiZiseuli interpretacia miTisa: `me mudam 

mZagda mag ucxoelebi. cota istoriebSi Caxeduli var, argonavtebidan 

mokidebuli, ucxoeli mudam mZarcvelad Camosula CvenSi. yoveli kaci imis 

cdaSi iyo: rame eyidna, waeglija da moeTxara Cvengan, albaT Senc 

wagikiTxavs istoriebSi, Cveni qveynisTana mdidari indoeTis aqeT ara 

yofilao, ase sweria am istoriebSi. Cveni winaprebic CvenisTana 

bedovlaTebi iyvnen albaT, Zalad xom bevri gaitaces, bevric gagviCuqebia 

da gagvimziTvebia. biZi me erTi wigni Camivarda amas winaT xelSi. RmerTo, 

ra mziTvebi gautanebiaT Turme bizantiaSi gaTxovil bagrationebis 

qalebisaTvis Cven sulel mefeebs" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 221). 

86

marTalia gvanj afaqiZis monaTxrobi miTis fragments moicavs, magram 

ra konteqstSi warmogvidgens misi avtori, es aris mTavari da saerTod 

ucxoelebTan damokidebuleba arasodes ar qmnida saqarTvelos samomavlo 

sayrdens. piriqiT, Tavad ucxoelebi sarfianobis, pragmatizmis TvaliT 

umzerdnen Cvens samSoblos da yovelTvis nebiT Tu ZaliT TavianTi 

survilebis aRsrulebas aRwevdnen. 

da rogori saxiTac ar unda gadmoices es miTi, fragmentuli, 

xumrobanarevi Tu seriozuli interpretaciiT, daskvna erTia - rogorc k. 

gamsaxurdias personaJebs, ise TviT mweralsac swams, rom ucxoelebis 

swrafva kolxeTisaken angarebiTa da momxveWelobiT iyo gamowveuli. 

miTis garkveuli versia Sardin alSibaiamac gadmosca, Tumca Sardini 

mxolod diletantia, igi moCvenebiTi ganswavlulobiT qalebze Tavis 

mowonebis maniiTaa Sepyrobili da amitomac mTlianad amaxinjebs ara 

mxolod argonavtebis miTs, aramed mTel miTologias da saqarTvelos 

istoriasac. `da brZana mefe aetesma Turme ucxoelebi mTels kolxeTSi 

amoewyvitaT, maSin berZnebma mSvenieri legendebi SeTxzeso: kolxeTis 

mefes aetess areas sakurTxevelTan cecxlismfrqveveli xarebi miubamso, 

xolo oqros sawmisian verZs gveleSapi inaxavso? 

ara?" (`mTvaris motaceba~, 396) 

ekiTxeba TaraSs Sardini da Cvenc gviCndeba kiTxva, ratom da Tanac 

ramdengzisme, risTvis xdeba miTiuri realobis darRveva, ratom ase 

fragmentulad da araordinaluradaa igi gadmocemuli da aseT daskvnas 

vakeTebT. rogorc saqarTvelos istoriis im epoqam, romelic asaxulia 

nawarmoebSi, gaayalba da gaaufasura yovelive erovnuli da Rirebuli 

saqarTveloSi, miTebic iseve ganicdian deformacias da is erovnuli suli 

da sibrZne, rac zogadadaa Cadebuli miTologiaSi, deformirdeba da 

ikargeba. Tu ara da Tavad mweralma kargad icis qarTuli miTologiac da 

is ideebi da idealebi, rac qarTul miTosSia gaxmovanebuli. magram 

darRveul, deformirebul drosa da sazogadoebaSi, miTis deformirebac 

xdeba. is saxe-simboloebi, romelic miTosSi devs, iseve xundeba, rogorc 

TaraS emxvaris naocnebari ferebi da simRerebi. yvelaferi iSleba da 

uferuldeba. erTdros mkveTr erovnul ideologiaze formirebuli 

saxelmwifos deformirebac xdeba. 

87

ara marto `mTvaris motacebaSi~, `dionisos RimilSic" mudmivi Ziebisa 

da erovnuli cnobierebis formirebis proceszea yuradReba gadatanili. 

konstantine savarsamiZis erovnuli asparezi rom droiTa da 

garemoebiTaa Seviwroebuli, amis ganxilva da mtkiceba zedmetad migvaCnia, 

magram ratomaa ase didi tragedia erovnul fesvebs mowyveta. esaa 

saintereso. vfiqrobT, saerTod adamiani da miTumetes saqarTveloSi, 

bavSvobidanve erovnuli RerZis garSemo trialebs, erovnuli zne- 

Cveulebani gansazRvravs mis bunebas, mis pirovnebas. 

amis Sesaxeb ukve mivuTiTeT, rom konstanitne savarsamiZe 

bavSvobidanve eziara qarTul tradiciebs, zne-Cveulebebs da misi suli am 

maxasiaTeblebiTa gaJRenTili. da erT dRes igi xvdeba rom ara marto 

Tavad, misi samSobloc, umizno, sakuTari traeqtoriidan amovardnil 

cdomilad qceula ukve sxva erebs Soris da amis Segneba garkveulad 

wonasworobas akargvinebs. am situaciaSi igi karl gustav-iungis mier 

daxatul adamianis portrets mogvagonebs. 

`ra sisuleles ar sCadis adamiani, rom sakuTar Tavs gaeqces: xan 

indur iogas misdevs, mTeli gulmodginebiT, xan dietas icavs, zepirad 

swavlobs Teosofias, monotonurad imeorebs magiur teqstebs da es 

imitom, rom sakuTar TavSi ver garkveula da arc imis sjera, rom sakuTar 

sulSic SeiZleba naxos rame sasargeblo. ase iqca suli TandaTanobiT 

Tavisebur nazareTad, im nazareTad, saidanac sikeTes aRar unda velodoT" 

(gustav-iungi 2005 : 103). - ambobs iungi da gvarwmunebs adamiani kargavs 

Tavis pirovnulobas. 

àdamians uWirs sakuTar Tavze izrunos. mis sulSi aris raRac iseTi, 

saidanac SeiZleba raime daibados. moTminebiT unda davakvirdeT imas, rac 

sulSi xdeba, magram bevri da saukeTeso masSi maSin xdeba, roca igi arc 

garedan da arc zemodan ar imarTeba" (gustav-iungi 2005 : 105). da iungis 

gancxadebiT adamianma Tavis sulSi unda miagnos sayrdens. garemo da 

situaciebi ver unda marTavdes mis cnobierebasa da moqmedebas. 

ra Tqma unda, iungis es mosazreba sainteresoa da sxvaTagan marTuli 

adamianis srulyofilebaze fiqri da saubari zedmetad migvaCnia, magram es 

maSin, rodesac is aseve srulyofil da mowesrigebul sazogadoebaSi 

cxovrobs. magram iq, sadac iwyeben ideis `ganxorcielebas" ZaliT, daWera- 

gadasaxlebiT, totaluri SiSis danergviT, ar akrTobT arc tanjva, arc 

88

sisxli, arc msxverpli oRond akviatebuli idea `saqmed aqcion", e.i. 

yovelives ikadrebs totalizatori totalizmisTvis - amaRlebul sulsa 

da ideebze individualizmze da personologiur saxeze saubari zedmetia, 

aq yovelgvari adamianuri Rirseba dakargulia da rogorc a. baqraZe 

miuTiTebs ùRirsebo kaci" xdeba qveynis warmmarTveli da mesaWe, TaraS 

emxvari Tu konstantine savarsamiZe ki `zedmet adamianebad" iqcevian. 

imdenad mZimea `zedmeti adamianobis" tvirTi, miuxedavad amaRlebuli 

pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebisa da saintereso personologiuri saxeebisa, 

isini Tavisi am zedmetobiT ganwirulni arian. maTTvis erovnuli 

niadagidan, erovnuli cnobierebidan mowyveta sikvdilis fasia, maTi 

cxovrebis laitmotivi Tavisufali, damoukidebeli saqarTvelosTvis 

ocneba da brZolaa, magram aRmoCnda, rom isini imdroindeli saqarTvelos 

cxovrebis wesis Semqmnelni da mesveurebi verafriT iqnebian, radganac 

rogorc a. baqraZe aRniSnavs, am sazogadoebis, epoqis gmirebi 

`ganjgonebuli" adamianebi arian, romelTac arc moeTxovebaT da rac 

ZaluZT logikuri azrovneba. TaraS emxvaris Tu konstantine savarsamiZis 

tipebi gamonaklisi arian da TavisTavad xom aris cnobili, rom 

gamonaklisi verasodes Seqmnis wess. imdroindel sazogadoebis cxovrebis 

wess `ganjgonebulebi" qmnian da ara erovnuli suliTa da erovnuli 

cnobierebiT gajerebuli tipis adamianebi, romelTac TaraSi da 

konstanitne miekuTvnebian. 

SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom es ori gmiri TavisTavad Tavisuflebisa da 

erovnulobis simbolos qmnis k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, Tumca 

rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT, erovnuli cnobierebis formirebis procesi k. 

gamsaxurdiasTan jer kidev Soreuli warsulidan iwyeba da marTalia, 

Tanamedroveobis mefe giorgi da daviT aRmaSeneblis sulieri da 

erovnuli maxasiaTeblebic SeiZleba veZioT am or gmirSi, magram vxedavT 

isini udroobis gmirebi arian, droisa, imdroindeli sazogadoebis 

ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebidan amovardnilni, èpoqis zedmeti 

adamianebi. 

`dionisos Rimili" simbolur-alegoriuli nawarmoebia, im arqetipul 

modelebTan erTad, romelic romans mxatvrul datvirTvas aZlevs, 

samSoblosa da misi dauZinebeli mtris simbolur-alegoriuli modeli 

iqmneba da es warmarTavs rogorc mTeli nawarmoebis dinamikas, ise mis 

89

sizmriseul alegoriebsac da konstantine savarsamiZis sabednierod, 

mTeli misi mxatvruli saxe-simbolo samSoblosa da misi 

TavisuflebisaTvis SemoqmedebiTi brZolis asparezia. 

slanskis saxe, rogorc realurad, ise sizmriTac aRaSfoTebs da 

amZvinvarebs savarsamiZis warmosaxvas. es akviateba SemTxveviTi ar aris. 

slanskis saxeSi gansaxierda rogorc Zveli imperiuli, ise komunisturi 

ruseTi, saqarTvelos warsulis wamSleli da iavarmyofeli, misi momavlis 

Tavisuflebis SemboWveli, yvela im sidiadis warmtaci da mimTvisebeli, 

rac savarsamiZis samSoblos samomavlo mizandasaxulobas qmnida. 

smaragdis beWedi erTgvari simboloa saqarTvelosi, radganac es Zvirfasi 

Tvali sxvebTan erTad saqarTvelos mefeTa gvirgvinebsac amkobda, xolo 

slanski im beWdis qurdia, romelSic smaragdia Casmuli. 

s. sigua am faqts ase xsnis: `slanskim konstantines aacala jenetis 

mier naCuqari smaragdis beWedi... jeneti konstantinesaTvis saqarTvelos 

simboloa, qali, romelic mudam qristeze loculobs. wm. giorgis 

erTgulia, ucxoeli sZulda, magram mainc ucxoelis coli gaxda da ase 

gaubedurda. slanskim bagrationTa dinastiis gvirgvinic miisakuTra, im 

bagrationebisa, romlebic aTasi weli isxdnen gaerTianebul saqarTvelosa 

Tu misi calkeuli kuTxeebis taxtze. slanskis Tamaris almasic 

miuTvisebia... slanskim waarTva savarsamiZes mamuli, deda da coli. amitom 

uyviris igi metoqes: `slanski, me da Sen erT saxlSi ver daveteviT", 

ùkudeq Cemi sisxliT galeSilo"... 

isini urTierTmopirispire rasis Svilebi arian, Seurigebeli bunebisa. 

`slanski! Sen - yinuleTi, me - mzisguli, Sen - Tovli, me - cecxli, Sen - 

murtali, Roris tyavis fariviT farTo da rgvali, me - qarTveli, 

xanjaliviT basri da wvetiani"... - slanski, asCvidmeti", - SesZaxebs 

savarsamiZe. es aris brZolis paroli, romlis drosac argveTis mTavris 

xrmaliT gadauTela mosisxlars xrmali... 

asCvidmeti, asCvidmetwliani tanjvis parolia romanovebis imperiaSi 

1801-dan 1918 wlamde, romelzec Tavis statiaSi `##1917" migviTiTebs 

konstantine gamsaxurdia. amitom unda mokvdes es apokalipsis mxeci Tu 

drakoni, sazizRari, xanWvalosferi TvalebiT rom Semoscqeris. 

mama, mamuli, fesvebi, eZaxis savarsamiZes, magram mis samkvidros 

gadamTieli dapatronebia, misTvis adgili arsad rCeba - arc ucxoeTSi da 

90

arc samSobloSi. arc samSoblos ena esmis mas da samSoblosac ar ZaluZs 

SeigrZnos misi siyvaruli da esTetoba. 

`qristianuli rwmenisadmi Tavis SurismaZieblur damokidebulebas 

savarsamiZe erovnuli faqtoriTac xsnis. italiel gamomZiebelTan 

paeqrobis dros, magaliTad, igi pirdapir ambobs, rom qristes jvarcmis 

dangreviT mas surda yvela im ubedurebis gamo èZia Suri", romelic mis 

qveyanas qristianuli sarwmunoebisadmi erTgulebam daatexa Tavs. `jvris 

danaxvaze, - ambobs savarsamiZe, - Cemi ganadgurebuli qveyana momagonda. 

davlewe jvarcma da vgme qriste, Cveni damaqceveli... qristes jvars 

Seewira didi saqarTvelo; me im saqarTveloze ocnebam momiSxama 

sawuTroeba da dRevandeli saqarTveloc man SemaZula. ase gamwarda Cemi 

axalgazrdoba. aRar mwams am qveynad aRarc RmerTi, arc istoriis 

samarTali... me meorejerac jvars vacmevdi qristes saqarTvelos sisxlis 

gamosasyidad. me bavSvobidan ar miyvarda misi daRrejili saxe... axlac ar 

mesmis, raT daRupes saqarTvelo Cemma winaprebma am udabnos RmerTis 

saxeliT!" (nikoleiSvili VI, 2005 : 76). 

romanSi sainteresoa taia Selias saxe, romelsac avtori 

`naxevarsulians" uwodebs. igi savarsamiZis `miwieri" aRmzrdelia, misi 

orjeradi pirovnebis miwieri mwvrTnelia, miwis ZaliTa da warsulis 

madliT nakurTxi keTili erovnuli geniaa, romelic instiqtis 

CamwvdomobiTa da gaucnobierebeli miwieri alRoTi ùsamSoblo 

Rrublebis" simaRleebs agrZnobinebs eris rCeulebs. mxolod agrZnobinebs, 

radgan taia Selia naxevarsuliania; Teoriuli codna misTvis 

miuwvdomelia. magram igi Tavis aRsazrdels mzian simaRles sulier 

simaRled usaxavs. swored amaze miuTiTebs romanSi dasamaxsovrebeli 

striqonebi leqsisa: ìslis saxli, islis saxli! qari, qari qari! Sen 

maCvene mzis siaxle da zRaprebis mxare..." 

`dionisos Rimili" umeteswilad saxe-simboloebis prizmaSia 

warmoCenili. aq TiTqmis yovel saganSi, yovel movlenasa da miTumetes 

arsebaSi ormagi da zogjer sammagi simbolika SeiZleba amovicnoT. vazis 

simbolo ramdenime daniSnulebiTaa warmosaxuli konstantinesTan. 

zogadad vazi mamulis simbolod, misi erovnuli Zirebis mkvebav wyarodac 

warmoisaxeba da vazis aCexva da misadmi erTgulebis dakargva samSoblos 

Ralatadac ki aRiqmeba. es saxe-simbolo dominirebs savarsamiZis mTel 

91

tragediaSi da mamisgan, anu samSoblosgan dawyevlili savarsamiZe swored 

am Ralatis gamo, (SeiZleba vazis aCexvac moviazroT am SemTxvevaSi) xdeba 

unayofo, berwi, romelic yovelives rasac da visac dauaxlovdeba da 

Seexeba unayofobisa da usasoobisaken ubiZgebs. sanam saqarTvelos 

damoukidebloba ar aRsdgeba, sanam mamuli mamuliSvilebs ar 

daubrundebaT, savarsamiZisdarni aseve unayofobiTa da tragikulobiT 

daRdasmulni darCebian. 

soso sigua saubrobs vazis kultis Sesaxeb. `dionisos RimilSi" 

venaxi nayofierebis da samSoblos simboloa. `savarsamiZe sizmrad xedavs 

aRdgenil da gaerTianebul saqarTvelos, ucxoeTidan mobrunebuls 

Jaraman mindeli mouTxrobs, Tu rogor gaZlierda qarTlosis modgma. 

savarsamiZem patara venaxi gaiSena, samSobloSi dasaxlda da ojaxs 

moekida., yvelas eubneba: `qarTuli sisxli sxvaSi ar gascvaloT, Torem 

Cems venaxSi wils ar dagidebT" (`dionisos Rimili"). 

magram es sizmrad xdeba. cxadSi ki savarsamiZem venaxi aWra, romlis 

gaSenebas mamam sicocxle Seswira, miwebi gahyida da ucxoeTSi gaemgzavra. 

man Tavisi totemi - vaJi gaanadgura, Tavi Seafara Svebisa da Trobis 

RmerTs dionisos, mis religiur ritualebsa da metamorfozebs. dionisos 

kulti venaxs ukavSirdeba. amitom, venaxi warmarTobis gamoxatulebaa, 

magram wm. nino saqarTveloSi vazis jvriT modis. vazi erTdrouli 

simboloa mSobliuri warmarTobisa da nacionalizebuli qristianobisa. 

savarsamiZe ocnebis sferoSi rCeba. xolo vaxtang korinTeli kaxeTSi, 

kerZod - gveleTis zeganze, vazis uZvelesi qarTuli kulturis 

gavrcelebas xelmZRvanelobs. venaxis gaSenebebiT, rogorc pirdapir, ise 

simbolurad, samSoblos ayvavebas emsaxureba. savarsamiZis ocneba man 

realobad aqcia. siWabukis zmaneba ase Seicvala da aRibeWda `vazis 

yvavilobaSi" (saerTod mwerlis koncefciaSi venaxi mudam mamasa da 

mamuls ukavSirdeba). 

vaxtangi eTanxmeba niorTavas da varaudobs, rom vazi da Rvino 

qarTvelebisagan unda waeRoT berZnebs. homerosi xom gveubneba 

`winwklebis mfrqvevel Rvinoze", romelic odisevs miarTva kolxTa mefis 

aietis dam - kirkem. zogs miaCnia, rom veluri vazi moiSinaures da yurZnis 

wvenisagan pirvelad Rvino qarTvelma tomebma daayenes. 

92

soso sigua ganixilavs cxenis kults da aRniSnavs rom, k. 

gamsaxurdias sayvareli cxovelia cxeni. mkiTxvels adamianTa darad 

axsovs dardimandi, arabia, gunteri, cira (`mTvaris motaceba"), qujaia, 

skviTia (`daviT aRmaSenebeli"). xari da cxeni qarTveli kacis istoriuli 

Tanamgzavria, pirveli Sromis simboloa, meore - brZolisa. 

k. gamsaxurdias cnobierebas da mxatvrul warmosaxvas yovelTvis 

amdidrebda is uxvi nakadi literaturisa Tu zogadad azrovnebisa, 

romelic msoflios kulturam Seqmna. mis SemoqmedebaSi dominantobs 

bibliuri Tematikac, bibliuri saxe-simboloebi Taviseburi aspeqtiT 

Semodis mwerlis warmosaxvaSi da zogjer axal mxatvrul ganzomilebasac 

warmoSobs. mwerali ra Tqma unda ar imeorebs zustad im variaciebs, rac 

bibliur siuJetebSi devs, magram misi mxatvruli palitra axali ferebiT 

mdidrdeba da apokalifsuri mxedris saxe sxvadasxva aspqetiT 

warmoCindeba. da erTic ar unda daviviwyoT, es saxeebi Semodis sizmris, 

ocnebis Tu moCvenebebis saxiT. Tamaris sizmarSi apokalifsur mxedrad 

gardaqmnili TaraSis saxe ra Tqma unda axal ganzomilebas qmnis, magram 

mimaniSnebelia im did tragediaze, rac emxvarisa da SarvaSiZis qalis 

momavalSia gaTvaliswinebuli. 

konstantine gamsaxurdia bibliuri miTebidan yvelaze xSirad 

apokalipss esesxeba (ìovanes gamocxadeba"). 

wminda mamis ganmartebiT, uflisagan movlenili sxvadasxva saxis 

gansacdeli sabolood gamohkveTs adamianis Tavisufal nebas, Tu romeli 

gza surs airCios sulis samudamo samyofisaTvis, rogorc 

winaswarmetyvelebidan irkveva, zogani uflis siyvaruls ewirebian, zogni 

ki wuTisoflisken midrekiT suls samudamo jojoxeTs umzadeben e.i. rom 

gadaarCino suli àpokalifsri cxenis" mxedari unda gaxde.~ 

k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebTa siuJetSi xSirad erTvis ìovanes 

gamocxadebis" saxeebi: Sardin alSibaia lukaias sadRegreZloSi 

moixseniebs vrcel citatas apokalipsur veSapze: studenti givi - mekurtne 

iosebs moagonebs meeqvse moqcevis apokalipsur niSans da saTanado 

adgilsac zepirad eubneba; coqala soso mouTxrobs, `Tu rogor mova isev 

nazareveli angelosis sayviris xmaze, rogor aRsdgebian micvalebulebi", 

cxviloscixel coqala àpokalipsur meZavad" iwodeba...~ 

93

k. gamsaxurdias mTeli Semoqmedeba TiTqmis erTi mTliani erovnuli 

programaa, romelic gvixsnis saqarTvelos rogorc warsulis ise, 

momavlis problemebs da garkveul daskvnas gvakeTebinebs - vin viyaviT, 

vina varT da vin unda viqneT. mivuTiTeT, rom rogorc mxatvrul 

nawarmoebebSi, ise pubilcistikaSi mwerali da moazrovne umTavres 

sakiTxad swored erovnuli cnobierebis problemas miiCnevs da yovelTvis, 

mizez-Sedegobriobidan gamomdinare, SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs saqarTvelos 

momavali ganvWvritoT. 

werilSi `1921-22 7 maisi" mwerali miuTiTebs: `vidremdis qarTul rasis 

majebSi mwvane sisxli sCqefs, qarTvelobas veravin waarTmevs saukuneebis 

brZolebSi mopovebul epitets: èri RmerTebTan mebrZoli" da k. 

gamsaxurdias suls swored am epitetis prizmidan ganWvritos saqarTvelos 

mTeli istoria da Tavis istoriul romanebSi am aspeqtSi warmogvidginos 

TanamedroveobaSi gacocxlebuli mxatvruli saxeebi istoriuli 

personaJebisa (`1921-22 7 maisi", `poeziis dRe~, #3, 1922 : 7). 

mwerlisaTvis TviTmizani ar iyo saqarTvelos warsulis mxatvruli 

asaxva, mas kargad, esmoda, rom swored am warsulSi iyo Cadebuli 

saZirkveli saqarTvelos xvalindeli dRisa, Tumca isic ar unda 

daviviwyoT, rom SemTxveviTobac xSirad aris ganmsazRvreli eris didebis, 

Tu ubedurebisa. swored aseTi SemTxveviToba iyo saqarTvelosaTvis 

politikur arenaze TaTar-monRolTa gamosvla. jer kidev qveynad da 

saxelmwifod Camouyalibebeli momTabare tomebi, TiTqmis msoflios 

gadawvdnen da saukuneobiT naSenebi da ganviTarebuli iavaryves da 

gaanadgures. 

is erovnuli mizandasaxuloba, romelic daviT aRmaSenebels gaaCnda 

saqarTvelos samomavlo sarbielze, TaTar-monRolTa zvavad movardnilma 

urdoebma gadaTeles da gaaqres, Tanac yvelaze didi ubedureba is Seiqna 

imdroindeli saqarTvelosTvis, rom daviTisa da Tamaris mier rudunebiT 

naSeneb-naRvawi saxelmwifoebrivi struqtura qveynisa, TandaTanobiT 

Sesustebul-deformirebuli xdeboda memkvidreTagan. albaT, saqarTvelos 

bediTi borblis ukuRma motrialebas niSnavda. TaTar-monRolTa 

pirvelive, dazverviT operaciebisas Tamaris Zis - giorgi laSas maTTan 

brZolaSi mowamluli isriT daWra. laSas gardacvalebis Semdeg 

saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi Zlierebis mze Caesvena. SeiZleba 

94

dabejiTebiT vTqvaT, rom ara marto TaTar-monRoli iyo udidesi 

ubedureba saqarTvelosTvis, aramed TviT rusudani da misi mefobis xanac, 

misive arasaxelmwifoebrivi, aramed piradi interesebidan gamomdinare 

gadawyvetilebebi, ris Sedegsac misi gardacvalebis Semdegac, ara Tu 

wlebis, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi imkida saqarTvelo. yvelaze didi 

avbedoba qveynisa, namdvilad rusudans mohyva da TiTqmis waiSala mis did 

winaparTa azrisa da damsaxurebis nakvalevi qveyanaSi, magram konstantine 

gamsaxurdias, Tamaris Semdgomi xana saqarTvelos istoriisa TiTqmis arc 

ainteresebs, giorgi pirvelidan moyolebuli daviT aRmaSeneblamde da 

Semdeg mxolod Tamari da misi epoqaa didebul romanebSi mxatvruli 

sityvis qargaSi moqceuli. 

werilSi `1921-1922 7 maisi" k. gamsaxurdia wers: `dResac rogorc guSin, 

aTasi iaridan isisxleba qarTveli eri, magram tanjvis barZimSi, garda 

Sxamisa, mudam moipoveba energiisa da gamZleobis momgvreli SarbaTi, 

romelic mudam axali brZolebisa da SemoqmedebisaTvis aRgvanTebs. rac 

ar unda sTqvan yoveldRiurobis politikosebma da praqtikulad 

ganwyobilma adamianebma Cveni rwmena da imedi qarTveli eris brwyinvale 

momavlisadmi mudam ucvleli da uryevi rCeba" (`1921-1922 7 maisi", `poeziis 

dRe", #3, 1922 : 7). 

giorgi pirvelisa da daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeebi erovnuli energiiT 

gvavseben da kvlav gviCndeba imedi eris brwyinvale momavlisa. 

saqarTvelos erovnuli programas, qarTveli eris erovnuli 

cnobierebis problematikas, aSuqebs `didostatis marjvena~ miuxedavad 

imisa, rom or kurapalats Sorisaa gamomwyvdeuli giorgi mefe, da Tanac 

fxovel qalzea Seyvarebuli, igi erovnul interesebs arasodes Ralatobs. 

TviT sayvareli qalis gamoc ki ar Seivrdoma qveynis orguli, saerTo 

erovnuli interesebisgan gamdgari erisTavebi. kolonkeliZis Tvalebis 

daTxrazec ar uwevs winaaRmdegobas zviads, radganac icis, rom urCi 

erisTavi TvalebdaTxrilic yovelJams saSiSi iqneba saqarTvelosTvis, 

misi mTlianobisa da damoukideblobisaTvis brZolis Jams. sayvareli 

qalis Txovnazec Seuvalia mefe: 

`Sorenam SecxadebuliviT ikivla, mieWra ukve zeamdgar mefes: 

me mapatieo mama, 

95

oca moRuSul, mdumare saxeze TanagrZnobis natamalic ver hpova, 

muxli moekveca da giorgis ferxTiT daeca atirebuli. 

mefe daswvda, balRiviT aiyvana igi xelSi da natebiT morTul taxtze 

daasvena gulSemoyrili. 

gamobrunda mefe da darbazidan apirebda gasvlas, axla guranduxti 

mivarda Rawvebdaxokili, muxlze moexvia mefes: 

nu damiqcev ojaxs, am erTxelac Seunde Talagvas. 

gvimsaxureo me de Cemi ubeduri Tanamecxedre, Cemi erTaderTi Svili. 

samosis kalTebs ukocnida, exveoda muxlebze. 

mefem wamoayena erisTavis meuRle, Tavazianad SeaSvebina samosis 

kalTisaTvis xeli, mSralad, ugulod uTxra: 

omSi spasalaria mbrZanebeli, me aras mkiTxavso zviadi". 

gulisTqmis ayola mefeTaTvis saxelmwifos damRupveli rom aris, es 

kargad icis Tavad mweralma da mis mier daxatuli personologiuri 

portretebi mefeebisa, marTlac monumentebiviTaa Camosxmuli, maT kargad 

uwyian, rom 

`mefe xar da xams... 

mefe xar da gmarTebs... 

mefe xar da gevaleba..." (`didostatis marjvena~, 92) 

àseT wuTebSi mefed aryofnas natrobda giorgi. 

rogorc ki Semoutevda uguneboba, aiyvanda malemsrbols uSiSaraisZes 

da mefis meabjreTagans erTs, gavidoda mcxeTidan, safurcles gadaRma, 

romelime muxis qveS miugdebda monaspaT cxens, ixetialebda velad, muxis 

garSemo wres uvlida, uvlida wres da bunebaSi ganmartoebuli eZiebda 

mooxebas gulisas... 

weliwadSi orjer, irmis myviralobisa da weroTa gadafrenis TveebSi, 

iniT wvers SeiRebavda giorgi, selis samoselsa da samogvis waRebs 

Caicvamda, aiyoliebda mdabiorebs, mexamles - ruisZes qitesas, mejinibes - 

gabriel koxriWaisZes, baziers - estate lomaisZes, Tavad glaxuna 

avSaniZes dairqmevda xumrobiT. 

mTeli kvira gadaikargebodnen siyrmis megobrebi, nadirobdnen 

narekvavis tyeebsa da aragvis WalebSi... 

... mxolod aseT wuTSi sjeroda giorgis, rom es qveyana martooden 

saomrad ar yofilao gaCenili" (`didostatis marjvena~, 101). 

96

kargad icoda giorgim, rom mefoba mxolod ufleba da gulisTqma ki 

ar iyo, aramed udidesi movaleoba qveynisa da eris winaSe. 

erovnuli cnobierebis ZalmosilebiTaa gajerebuli mTeli nawarmoebi, 

ZiriTad problemad `didostatis konstantines marjvenaSi" dominirebda 

`xelovanis bedi tiranul saxelmwifoSi". ratomRac literaturulma 

kritikam ase gadaWra es sakiTxi da Tavadac yoveli azri nawaroebis aseTi 

gagebis struqturas daumorCila, magram Cven vfiqrobT, umTavresi RerZi am 

nawarmoebisa saqarTvelos erovnuli cnobierebis mowesrigebis sakiTxia. 

Tu tragikuli bedis problemas davayenebT, ara marto xelovania 

tragikuli `didostatis marjvenaSi". arsakiZe - rogorc socialuri 

fenomeni, garkveuli artaxebiT dabadebidanvea SeboWili. giorgi mefe, Tu 

Tavs ar SeizRudavs, Tu saqarTvelos Zlierebis, Tavisuflebisa da 

mTlianobisaTvis brZolas ar dauqvemdebarebs Tavis guliswadils, piradi 

bednierebis, miRweva ar gauWirdeba, TiTqmis erTi xelis gawvdenazea 

bedniereba, magram òmSi spasalaria Turme mbrZanebeli", da raoden didi 

tragediaa misTvis sayvareli qalis ase ganukiTxavad datoveba, adamianuri 

bunebisTvis miuwvdomeli ar darCeba. ratom ar unda gvaSfoTebdes Tavad 

giorgi mefis bedi, ratom ar unda vuTanagrZnobdeT mas? arsakiZeze 

tragikulicaa giorgi. arsakiZe sayvareli qalisagan TanagrZnobas 

moklebuli ar aris, Tavad arsakiZesac xom ar SeuZlia satrfosTvis 

yvelafris daTmoba, xom sTxova suli sanatrelma, magram 

sveticxovlisTvis Seewira igi da Txovna ver ausrula Sorenas. ratom ar 

vayenebT msgavs problemas giorgi mefesTan dakavSirebiT. giorgimac 

imitom ver ausrula Txovna satrfos, rom igi TavisTavs ar ekuTvnoda, 

suli da guli samSoblosaTvis hqonda Sewiruli, ratom aqamdis araferi 

gviTqvams giorgi mefis tragediaze, man Tavadac xom gagvimxila Tavisi 

Sinagani tkivilebi. 

`me mravali codva mimiZRvis amqveynad, rogorc mefes, ise rogorc 

kacs, TiTqmis yvela Rirseba da nakli Cemi xalxisa mitarebia, vaJkacic 

viyavi da mSiSarac, keisars vebrZodi da meSinoda xviaris fesvebisa, 

gulzviadic viyavi da loTic, magram Cemi xalxisTvis arasodes 

miRalatnia `pipa~ (`didostatis marjvena~, 375). 

97

yvelaze Tanadrouli idea, rasac `didostatis marjvenaSi" 

amovikiTxavT, es aris erTmorwmuneobis, anu erTi ideologiis safarqveS 

didi qveynisagan mcirericxovani saxelmwifos dapyrobis cda. 

bizantiasTan sjulis erTianobiT dabrmavebulma Tavisi samefo 

gadasca basili keisars senaqesimma, somxeTis mefem. giorgi pirvels ki, 

qarTvelTa mefes kargad aqvs gacnobierebuli ras uqadda bizantia 

saqarTvelos. 

`basili keisars es unda erTmorwmune saqarTveloc somxeTis darad 

gadasanslos rogorme, sanamdis pirSi suli midgas, ver moeswreba am dRes 

ZaRlTapiri basili keisari" - aseTi Seuvalia mefe giorgi. 

erT-erTi mwvave Tema, rac konstantine gamsaxurdiam warsulidan 

gamoixmo es gaxlavT Tema qveynis aSlilobisa, TvistomTa winaaRmdeg 

ucxotomelTa moxmobisa. swored aseTma qmedebam aTqmevina momakvdav mefes 

`roca xalxs amdeni moRalate Sina hyavs, makedonelic ver 

gaamarjvebinebs". 

sveticxovlis didebuli taZris mSenebloba SinaaSlilobiTa da 

gareSe mtrebis muqariT SeWirvebul qveyanaSi giorgi pirvelis erovnuli 

Rirsebis erT-erT simbolod aRiqmeba. sveticxoveli dasturi iyo imisa, 

rom saqarTvelo arc kulturuli metoqeobs asparezze daudebda tols 

imperias. bizantiuri xarisxebis tareba giorgi mefes erovnuli Rirsebis 

Selaxvad miaCnda da arc keisrisagan naboZeb mwvane etlebs etrfoda igi. 

mefe giorgim berZnulic icoda, arabulic, magram sasaxleSi mxolod 

qarTulad esaubreboda ucxoelebs. am etiketis dacva erovnuli 

azrovnebis gamoxatuleba iyo. 

`didostatis marjvenaSi~ mTeli is sinamdvilea gacxadebuli, rac 

mweralma Tavisi SemecnebiT aRiqva. saukuneebis gamocdilebas eziara 

konstantine gamsaxurdia, `qarTlis cxovrebidan" Tu zogadad 

saqarTvelos istoriidan. eris bunebaze dakvirvebamac araerTgzis daanaxva 

rogorc misi amaRlebuli, ise uaryofiTi zne-Cveulebani, xelovanis da 

xelovnebis sakiTxi, rom didad ainteresebda Tavadac xelovans da 

msoflio xelovnebis Rrmad mcodne mwerals, es TavisTavad cxadia, magram 

SeuZlebelia umTavresi ar vigrZnoT da SevimecnoT nawarmoebidan aq 

pirveladi mainc eris suli da cnobierebaa. bazisi cxovrebisa erovnuli 

98

yofis elemetebia da am myar sayrdenze aRmocendeba Semdeg xelovneba da 

xelovnebis yoveli Zegli. 

vfiqrobT, araa aucilebeli wina planze xelovanis bedisa da 

xelovnebis wamoweva, maSin, rodesac xelovanis tragediaze aRmatebulia 

Tavad mefisa da qveynis erovnuli bedi. miTumetes eris, im uaryofiT 

unebisa, romelic ase sainteresodaa gadmocemuli giorgi pirvelis 

monologSi, da rac, Tanamedrove saqarTvelos erovnuli tragediis 

mizezic ramdengzisme gamxdara. 

amitomac migvaCnia, rom aucilebelia literaturuli nawarmoebis 

kiTxvisas realobas ar movwydeT, namdvilisa da arsebiTis danaxvisa da 

gaanalizebis Zala unda Segvwevdes. isic unda vigulisxmoT, rom qarTuli 

mefobis instituti, erovnulobis institutic iyo. giorgi pirvelisa da 

daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeebi konstantine gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis 

msoflmxedvelobriv prizmaSi, metad sainteresod gvixsnis qarTvel mefeTa 

erovnulobisa da zogadad mefobis institutebis im mniSvnelovan 

problemebs, ramac ase araCveulebrivi saxe miiRo mxatvrul 

literaturaSi, ra Tqma unda, gvesmis, rom mxatvruli sinamdvile da 

realoba erTmaneTs mTlianad arasodes emTxveva, magram mxatvrul 

sinamdvileSi nawilobriv mainc aisaxeba realoba. miTumetes, daviT 

aRmaSeneblis SemTxvevaSi, mwerali sinamdvilidan TiTqmis arasodes 

uxvevs, es aris mxolod, rom mxatvruli ferebiT amkobs da amSvenebs 

sinamdviles. 

da ara martooden mefobis instituti iyo erovnulobis mesaWe da 

alamdari. qristianuli sarwmunoeba da misi mesveurebic am erovnuli 

cnobierebis gamaRrmavebelni iyvnen da ra Tqma unda samefo institutic. 

isini xSirad araTu misi gamaRrmavebelni, wamyvanni da tonis mimcemic 

iyvnen erovnuli cxovrebis. 

èklesiebis masobrivi ngrevisa da aTeisturi ideologiuri politikis 

zeobis xanaSi k. gamsaxurdia Tavisi nawarmoebiT saeklesio mSeneblobis 

ganmadideblis rolSi mogvevlina. sveticxovelisadmi, rogorc RvTaebrivi 

rwmenis taZrisadmi, aRvlenili xotba ukve niSnavda avtoris Sinagan 

msoflmxedvelobriv dapirispirebas socialisturi epoqis ideologiasTan. 

aseve metad mniSvnelovania isic, rom sveticxovelis taZari qarTveli 

kacis cnobierebaSi damkvidrebuli iyo, rogorc saqarTvelos erTiani 

99

saxelmwifoebriobis simbolo, Cveni didi istoriuli warsulis erT-erTi 

yvelaze saamayo Zegli. amdenad, misi gandideba ara marto RvTaebrivi 

rwmenisadmi Cveni xalxis tradiciul Tayvanismcemlur damokidebulebas 

gulisxmobda, aramed imavdroulad erTiani qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis 

ideis romantikul gandidebasac. saxelmwifoebriobadakargul da 

ganaxlebuli rusuli imperiis nawilad qceul qveyanaSi did 

saxelmwifoebriv warsulsa da kulturaze amgvari saubari ki, rac 

romantikuli nostalgiiT aRavsebda yoveli WeSmariti patriotis guls, 

bunebrivia, xelisuflebis mier damkvdirebuli ideologiuri normebis 

CarCoebSi ver moTavsdeboda da aSkarad niSnavda mwerlis 

msoflmxedvelobriv dapirispirebas epoqalur sinamdvilesTan" 

(nikoleiSvili VII, 2007 : 203). 

am mxriv `didostatis marjvenidan" mTeli qarTuli saqristianos 

simbolur saxed gvevlineba melqisedek kaTalikosi. mwerali mefeTa 

saxeebTan erTad iseTi rudunebiT Zerwavs eklesiis patriarqTa 

portretebs, rom rwmenasa da sarwmunoebisadmi Tayvaniscemis grZnobas 

amtkicebs mkiTxvelSi. 

sainteresoa melqisedekis monologi: 

`janmrTeloba Cemi friad Seryeulia, zviad batono, uflis nebaa egec. 

arc me mwadis saqarTvelos daqcevis mowme rom gavxde. umal damvsebia eg 

Tvalni da yurni damgmanvia, smenad boZebulni uflisa mier. 

rameTu netar arian igini, visac sikvdili umal uwevs, vidre 

sakuTaris TvaliT ixilavdnen samSoblos Tvisis iavaryofas. 

netar arian iginica, vinca gulmarTal winaparTa aCrdilebs Soris 

landadqcevas arCeven. gadaSenebis gzaze damdgar TanamemamuleTa wiaRSi 

yofnas. 

vai maT, visac ieremiasebr godeba wilad xvdes, samSoblos Tvisis 

darRveul godolTa da nacixvarTa Soris. 

uSjuloba moZalebul ars saqristianosa zeda, aseT dros Sjulis 

simtkice da zneobis sispetake Tu ver SevinarCuneT, veras gviSvelis is 

cixeebi, romelTac meoxebiTac mefisaTa aSeneb, zviad batono Sen. 

qveyana Tavze dagvemxoba, iavarqmnian saqristianos da veRarc is 

cecxlismfrveveli xmlebi gaawyoben raimes, giorgi mefe rom awrTobinebs 

farsmans, uSjulosa da mucliT mezRapres. 

100

adgan yovelTa dambadeblisa da yovlis mxilvelis Tvali sufevs, 

zviad batono, yovelgan da mdogvis marcvalic versad dacema, Tvinier 

nebisa da xedvisa misisa... 

`yovelTa kacTa, didTa da mcireTa sasoeba" iyoo bagrati, amitomac 

ganavrcovo man saqarTvelo, arcTu vinmes augiao amdeni eklesia sxvas, 

vaxtang gorgasalis Semdeg" (`didostatis marjvena~, 156). 

melqisedekis sityva saqarTvelos didi siyvaruliTaa STagonebuli. 

mRvdelmTavars esmis saqarTvelos Znelbedobis Taviseburebani, isic 

Zalian kargad uwyis, rom saqristiano samyarosTan urTierToba 

garkveulad misi erovnulobis ganmamtkicebelicaa da bizantiasTan 

urTierTobis momxre amitomacaa igi. Tumca eriskacni sxvagvarad fiqroben 

da arcTu usafuZvlod. istoriam saintereso magaliTebi mogvca imisa, 

qristianobis mesveurma da msoflio arenaze TiTqos damcvelis funqciiT 

movlenilma mravalgzis wartaca miwebi saqarTvelos. magram mainc `k. 

gamsaxurdiasaTvis qristianuli religia Cveni xalxis erovnul- 

saxelmwifoebrivi TviTarsebobisa da `rassiuli izolaciis" dacvis erT- 

erTi umTavresi Zalaa. es sarwmunoeba Tavidanve ise organulad 

Seesisxlxorca qarTveli eris yoveldRiur yofas, rom mis cnobierebaSi 

erovnuloba da qristianuli rwmena faqtobrivad erTmaneTTan gaigivebul 

cnebebad damkvidrda" (nikoleiSvili 2010 : 223). 

sasuliero da saero pirebi fiqroben saqarTvelos warsulsa da 

momavalze, maTTvis samSoblosa da erze zrunva uzenaesi movaleobaa. 

samSoblos bedi da ubedobaa maTi cxovrebis arsi da swored am 

pirovnuli azrovnebis mkveTri warmosaxvaa mwerlisaTvis mniSvnelovni. is 

mkveTri saeriskaco Tu sasuliero Strixebi, romliTac giorgi, rogorc 

mefe da melqisedeki, rogorc kaTalikosi gamoirCevian k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi laitmotivia. mxatvruli sityvis didostatis 

mimarTeba erovnuli energiisadmi swored mefeTa da sasulieroTa 

arsebiTi maxasiaTeblebiT aixsneba da `daviT aRmaSeneblis" personaJTa 

personologiuri saxeebi am niSniTaa sayuradRebo mkiTxvelisaTvis. 

`daviT aRmaSenebeli" - `didostatis konstantines marjvenisagan" 

gansxvaebiT saocari paTosiT Seqmnili nawarmoebia. Tu giorgi pirvelis 

saxe imitom izidavda mwerals, rom igi or kurapalats Soris gamosresili 

mefe iyo - daviTis mTeli cxovreba sxvamxriv ainteresebs: 

101

`Zveli berZnebi mudam afrTxilebdnen xelovans cnobili sentenciiT - 

arc naklebi arc zedmeti. 

monstrualobis, gadaWarbebis da Sinzrdili patriotuli istoriis 

gziT rom viaroT, SesaZlo iqneba yoveli firalisagan napoleoni an 

gardaneqSani gamoviyvanoT. 

istoriuli masalis gadamuSavebisas me mudam imas vcdilobdi, ar 

gadavcdenodi im samanebs, romelic mocemulia rogorc qarTul, ise 

mezobel erebis matianeebSi. 

daviT mefis brwyinvale figuras arc esaWiroeba `monstrualoba". igi 

Tavisi epoqis umamacesi da uganaTlebulesi suvereni iyo. im bnel 

saukuneebSi, roca germaniis imperatorebi Zlivs iTvisebdnen wera-kiTxvas, 

cnobilia, karlos didma mixrwnilobisas Zlivs iswavla Turme xelis 

mowera, xolo seljukianTa didi sultani ToRriulbegi alf arslani da 

maliq-Sah savsebiT uwignurni iyvnen" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 768). istoriul 

sinamdviles ar ametebs mwerali, roca daviTis ganswavlulobas da mis 

individualur Tu erovnuli azrovnebis maxasiTeblebze amaxvilebs 

yuradRebas. Tavadac aRniSnavs da Cvenc veTanxmebiT, rom daviTis saxes 

marTlac ar sWirdeba `monstrualoba", radgan igi istoriam Tu qarTulma 

folklorma cocxlad da sainteresod Semogvinaxa. daviTze gadmoRvrili 

didi siyvaruli mwerlisa, romelic nawarmoebis yvela gverdidan 

gamosWvivis, marTebulia da Cvenc vgrZnobT mefis araCveulebriv sulier 

Zalas da samSoblosadmi `gardareul siyvaruls", ramac mas SeuZlebeli 

SeaZlebina. iseT Zlier saxelmwifoebs moaxrevina qedi, romlebic 

saqarTvelos friad aRematebodnen. swored es iwvevs mwerlis siyvarulsa 

da aRfrTovanebas am udidesi mefiTa da ganumeorebeli erovnuli gmiriT, 

Tumca berZenTa brZnul Segonebas arasodes Ralatobs. 

`daviT aRmaSeneblis saxe mTeli Cemi cxovrebis manZilze mxiblavda. ... 

aRtacebuli Sevcqerodi daviTis didron cisfer Tvalebs, nikapTan odnav 

gaJRalebul wvers, almasebiT mooWvil gvirgvins, keisrul wiTel waRebsa 

da bolos, mis omaxian figuras, freskaze gamosaxuls. 

mogzaurobisa da ganswavlis wlebSi didxans vatolebdi da vazomebdi 

mas bizantiis imperatorebs... saqarTvelos damxobisa da daqcevis periodSi 

warmoSobil uWkuo mefeebs, romelTac iseTive uniWo Sairebi dagvitoves, 

rogoric politika hqondaT. 

102

am Sedarebisas ufro da ufro izrdeboda Cems gulSi siyvaruli da 

Tavdadeba daviT mefisadmi, romelsac Cven vafasebT upiratesad, rogorc 

Tavkacs qarTveli xalxis nacionalur-ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolisas 

islamuri obskurantizmisa da imperializmis winaaRmdeg... 

SeiZleba gadauWarbeblad iTqvas, daviTis vaJkacobam, missma brZnulma 

politikam da qarTveli xalxis Tavgametebulma brZolam gadaarCina XII s. 

kavkasia rogorc gamuslimebas, ise fizikurad ganadgurebas" (`daviT 

aRmaSenebeli~, 769). rogorc mwerlis am sityvebidan Cans, ara marto 

saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis lideris tvirTi 

auwevia marjved daviT aRmaSenebels, kavkasiac misi brZnuli politikiT da 

Tavgametebuli brZolis Sedegad gadarCenia mraval ubedurebas. 

Tavad mweralmac aRniSna, rom daviTis realur saxes gazviadeba da 

gandideba ar sWirdeba mxatvrul literaturaSi, is Tavadaa simbolo 

Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis brZolisa. 

daviTis didebuli saxe nawarmoebSi metad did mxatvrul-emociur 

fons qmnis. misi gamefebidan moyolebuli mkiTxveli interesiT adevnebs 

Tvals am uebro gmirsa da mefes, goniersa da dakvirvebuls, yovelJams 

imisTvis rom aris mzad, yovelიve mniSvnelovani Seimecnos da 

daimaxsovros, Tavadac araerTgzis iseT saintereso problemebs wamoWris 

da miagnebs, vgrZnobT, rom Rrmad mecnieruli ganWvreta ZaluZs mis 

gonebas yovelivesi, magram erTic aRsaniSnavia, misi gulisyuri yovelTvis 

umTavresi mizniskenaa mimarTuli - samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis brZola. 

es araCveulebrivi potenciis pirovneba mTlianadac Seewira am did saqmes. 

k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis, saqarTvelos warsulze, gardasul gmirebsa da 

erovnul moRvaweebze fiqri ganuyofelia. ra problemazec ar unda 

fiqrobdes mwerali, ra sakiTxsac ar unda warmosaxavdes, misi kalami da 

cnobiereba mainc maT ukavSirdeba da marTlac rogorc `toiloTi 

dabmuli cxeni", niadag maT utrialebs, sxvadasxva rakursiT warmosaxavs 

erovnul gmirTa saxeebsa da daniSnulebas. 

`WeSmaritad arc erTi nageboba araa ise mtkice, rogorc is, romelic 

mamaci winaprebis Zvlebzea aSenebuli... 

me vigoneb rusTavis cixeSi momxdar brZolebs, daviT aRmaSenebelsa 

da giorgi Wyondidelis, Cveni istoriis sxva mamac gmirebs, xolo amxanagi 

103

nestori kvlav axali rusTavis ambebs ubrundeba" (`rusTavi", k. 

gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, : 236). 

daviTis saxe zogad-istoriul fonze ara marto Tavisi drois 

saqarTvelos, aramed yoveli drois saqarTvelos erovnul- 

ganmanTavisuflebeli brZolis simboloa. konstantine gamsaxurdiasagan 

daviTisa da misi drois saqarTvelos mxatvruli asaxva gansakuTrebuli 

daniSnulebisaa, gmiris saxis daxatviT, mwerals surs gaaRvivos erovnul- 

ganmanTavisuflebeli brZolis idea qarTul sazogadoebaSi, rom 

Tavisuflebisa da gmirobis suli ar Caqres xalxSi. 

daviTis droindel saqarTveloSi gareSe mterTa Tavdasxmebisagan da 

bunebis stiqiisagan gametebuli xalxSi mainc rCeboda samomavlo imedi. 

`daviTma kvlav TemSaras gadaRma gadaitana mzera. gulnaRvliani 

gascqeroda Canacrul nafuZarebs. marnebiRa gadarCeniliyo zogierT 

ezoSi. erTgan aswlovani xenic gadaetrusa cecxls. erTaderTi msxlis 

qveS lastis facxa moeRobaT. sami balRi da erTi Savosani diaci 

CaliCobdnen mzvareSi. 

mxedrebis Tvalwin lastis WiSkarze Sefrinda uzarmazari mamali, 

sisxliviT wiTeli bibilo ganze hqonda gadazneqili. mTlad alisferi 

frTeni Zalovnad Semohkra erTurTs da iyivla. 

Sergilma SeniSna: guneba gaexsna mefes. 

`dailocos amqveynad sawyisi mamrisa, igia Surismgebeli Zala, 

romelic daiquxebs-xolme Canacrul fuZeze"! - sTqva daviTma (`daviT 

aRmaSenebeli~, 257). 

mTeli novelaa es abzaci, yovelive mokled da lakonuradaa 

gamoTqmuli. 

msxlis qveS lastis facxas TavSefarebuli ojaxis tragedia 

TavisTavad nagulisxmevia. Saosani diacis sami balRi saqarTvelos 

momavalia, magram mweralma Tavisuflebisa da momavlis simbolo 

ùzarmazari mamlis" yiviliT gvamcno, rasac jerovani Sefaseba mohyva 

daviT mefisagan `Canacrul fuZeze damquxebuli Zalisa". 

mTel am vrcel tetralogiaSi aseTi saxe-simboloebi, erTgvari 

miniSnebebi - imedis momcemi da samomavlo brZolisaTvis Semgulianebeli 

yovelTvis ikiTxeba nawarmobebSi. 

104

yvela problema mainc daviTis garSemo iyris Tavs. mwerali pirdapir 

Tu arapirdapir daviTis saxes gadmoscems, mis irgvliv trialebs mudam 

mwerlis azri da gulisTqma. Tundac giorgi mefis `soflis samduravi" 

movisminoT, sabolood mainc daviTzea yuradReba gadatanili. 

daviTi namdviladaa imdroindeli saqarTvelos azrovnebisa da 

moqmedebis brunvis RerZi, uromlisodac qveyana marTlac ver iarsebebda. 

`qveyana waxda, mTani-Ra SemogvrCen ucvlelni kvlav, mdinareni TavianT 

sadens mihyvebian, magram icvalnen zneni da Cvevani Cvens Tvalwin, 

gulborotni gaxdnen kacni, sulis mSvidoba Semoaklda morCTa Taobas. 

maxsovs, roca samSvildeTgan taxtiT moviyvaneT sulkurTxeuli mefe 

bagrati ufliscixeSi... gansvenebuli dedaCveni sasTaulTan ujda, nanobda 

momakvdavi: omebs Sevalie Cemi wuTisofeli, miwieri meufoba yovelive amao 

yofilao sikvdilis winaSe. Cemi vaJi daviTi Tavis papas daemgvana, Saman, 

veubnebi, vikmaroT meTqi rac gvaqvs, mas sul omebi swyuria" (`daviT 

aRmaSenebeli~, 284) - acxadebs mefe da gaocebulia, ratom ver xvdeba misi 

memkvidre, rom imqveynad iseTi araferi mihyveba adamians imisaTvis amdeni 

zrunva, amdeni jafa da amdeni brZola Rirdes, Tanac amqveyanaSiac vinaa 

damfasebeli did saqmeTa, piriqiT, moRalateni da mtrebi Warboben mudam. 

arvin icis sinamdvileSi rogor afasebda mefe giorgi Tavisi Zis gmirul 

saqmeT, magram am SemTxvevaSi aq sainteresod ikiTxeba daviTis 

saqarTvelos ganmaTavisuflebeli brZolis programa da isic, rom masze 

araviTari Segonebani ar moqmedebs, TviT mamis azrsac did mniSvnelobas 

ar aniWebs mefe, mas swams Tavisi moqmedebis uzenaesobisa da mxolod erTi 

- gulisTqmiTaa Sepyrobili, Sors gadarekos saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan 

mtrebi da orgulni, borotni da qvegamxedvarni, romelTac ar surT 

saqarTvelos damoukidebloba, magram verc mouazrebiaT, rogor SeiZleba 

amis miRweva. 

arada ers mainc swams Tavisi, Tumca Wabuki, magram gawonasworebuli, 

gonebadamjdari mefisa. sainteresoa am mxriv jondi erisTavis da moxuci 

mwyemsis saubari: 

`RmerTi iyo Seni Semwe keTilo moxuco, ase mgonia saqristianos 

aravin daanebebs wasabilwavad Sens patrons". 

moxucma Tvali gaumarTa stumars da uTxra: 

105

`mec engre vgoneb, Svilo, daviT mefes moelian TrialeTis 

saerisTaoSi, engre ubnoben berni qristianobis qomagiao Wabuki mefe" 

(`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 325). 

saqme is aris, rom moxuci mwyemsi liparit orbelianis msaxuria, 

magram misi moRalaturi bunebis gamo, gastexia guli masze moxuc mwyemss 

da amitomacaa, rom piruTvnel azrs gamoTqvams igi daviT mefis 

misamarTiT, Tumca warmodgenac ara aqvs, rom daviTis erTgul jondi 

erisTavTan saubrobs. 

daviT mefis pirdapiri Tu arapirdapiri daxasiaTeba mwerlisagan 

yovelTvis raRac Strixs matebs mis personologiur portrets, umiznod 

da umniSvnelos arasodes arafers ambobs mwerali Tundac: 

`daviTs wesad hqonda, TaTbiri yvelasagan guldinjad moesmina, magram 

udides saidumlos Tavad inaxavda gulSi" (gamsaxurdia 1968 : 358). 

am erT winadadebaSi erTi xelismosmiT daixata, gonieri da 

windaxeduli mefis saxe, erTi _ guldinjad ismens yvelas azrs da meorec 

- ùdides saidumlos rom Tavad inaxavs gulSi." swored am 

dakvirvebulobiT, sxvaTa mosmenis didi niWiTa da samSoblosadmi 

usazRvro siyvaruliT SesZlo didma mefem gaeTvaliswinebina yovelive 

niuansi momavali brZolebisa da saqarTvelos gamarjvebiT 

daegvirgvinebina yvela sabrZolo operacia. 

mefis araCveulebrivi sulieri Zala da rwmena mebrZolebze 

gadmodioda, maTi Zalisxmeva askecdeboda. 

`lipartiani gaaoca am ambebma. samasi mxedris amara rogor apirebso 

TurqebTan Sebmas? mainc veRaraferi Sehkadra patrons... 

muxaTgverds qvemod gadalaxa daviTma mtkvari... 

àravis miendo mxedvelsa sxvasa, aramed TviT marto wavida. yovlad 

usaWurvlod, xmliTa oden da Tan waritana wigni RvTis metyveli da amcno 

spaTa ara SeeZvrad yovelive misvlamde mis maT Tana; xolo monaTa aT 

xuTmetTa hyves brZanebuli maTda da wamoiRes naxiri loWinis xeviTa da 

mouwivnes Turqni da Semdgomi didisa homisa, Camohyarnes monani da 

dauxocnes cxenni, garna qveiTnica ibrZodes ficxelad. 

xolo mefe cxensa ra gardaxda, ara hgonebda, jereT mosvlasa, Seeqca 

kiTxvasa da esoden warityvnen misgan gonebiTa, romel sruliad daaviwyda 

winamdebare saqme, vidremdis xmai raime kvlisa Semoesma yurTa 

106

myis dauteva wigni munve da amxedrebuli mihyva mis xmisa da viTarc 

zed waradga monaTa TvisTa, ese viTarsa Rvawlsa Sina myofTasa da rameTu 

aSorvida TavisTa spaTa ukeTumca maTda cnobad wasuliyo, monaTa 

dauxocdes. mswrafl STabrialda mefe, viTarca arwivi da daabnia viTarca 

kakabni, mswrafl esodeni moswyvinda romel maTni cxenni, kma eyves monaTa 

maT da amxedrebulTan esodeni moswyvides, romel mciredni Seeswrnes 

qalaqs; xolo gzani savseni yvela mZoriTa maTiTa da friadisa cemisagan 

xrmalmanca daRvarWnilman uarhyo qarqaSi Tavisi" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 

366). 

mwerali arafers amatebs istoriul sinamdviles, aqedanac 

sainteresod ikiTxeba gmiri da gonieri mefis portreti, romelsac 

upirveles movaleobad qveynisa da xalxis samsaxuri miaCnia. misi 

cxovrebis mizani erTia, gaacilos mteri samSoblos sazRvrebs. rogorme 

SeZlos da TanamoZmeTa naklebi sisxlis fasad moapovebinos qveyanas 

damoukidebloba. 

zemoT motanil amonaridSi sainteresod ikiTxeba mefis mravalmxrivi 

unarianoba, wigniereba, guladoba, gonebis gamWriaxoba, rac garkveulad 

ganmapirobebelia dasaxuli miznis warmatebebisa. imdenad mizanmimarTulia 

mefe, rom sxva yovelive meorexarisxovani xdeba misTvis. mxolod 

brZolebisTvis samzadisi, brZola da mtris damarcxebaa misi cxovrebis 

sazrisi. TiTqos gulnaklulnic arian qveSverdomni, rom mefem sxva 

yovelive daiviwya, garda erovnul-ganmaTavisulebeli moZraobisa. 

am mxriv sayuradReboa jondi erisTavisa da sabaias saubari, sadac es 

ukanskneli ver urigdeba niadag omebs, qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis bZolas 

gamudmebulad, jondi erisTavisaTvis ki es movlena kanonzomieri da 

misaRebia: 

àgre ubnoben, batono, Cveni Wabuki mefe da misni spasalarni omisTvis 

ocneboben niadag". 

jondim gaiRima da miugo: 

`hai, hai rom uomrad mSvidoba ver iqneba, Cemo sabaiav, ise rogorc 

cecxli ukvamlod, cxeni unalod, raindi uxmlod da wisqvili uRarod". 

àra me sxvas mogasxeneb, Seni risxvac nu momcemia, Cvens patrons, 

bagrat mefesac uyvarda omi, magram arc molxenani amsofliurni sZagda 

didebul mefes hei, vin uwyis rogori nadimebi axsovs am palatebs! Cvenc 

107

Wabukni viyaviT maSina, xolo eg darbaznic mooqrovilni, moWiqulni da 

moxatulni? xandaxan erTi msgefsis manZilze grZeldeboda nadimi, 

samefois Cvenis uturfess qal-rZalT samaia ucekvniaT am buxris win, 

erisTvo batono, meCangeni da mutribni moalxendnen meinaxeTa. ukve erT 

welze metia, rac naWarmagevSi brZandeba Cveni axali patroni da 

gaRimebulic aravis unaxavs igi" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 393). 

Tumca mxolod sabaia ki ara, sxvebic ar malavdnen ukmayofilebas 

mefis sxvaTagan ase gansxvavebuli bunebis gamo. 

`naWarmagevSi mokle xans yofnisas saTiTaod hyavda Seswavlili es 

mandaturni jondis. egec icoda erisTavma, rom maT arc daviT mefe 

moswondaT, arc misi `Tavawyvetili" spasalarebi. bizantiur mkacr 

etiketze gazrdilT eucxovebodaT daviT mefis `mdabioruli Cvevani". 

fexiT siaruli uyvarso, RamRamobiT marto seirnobso liaxvis pirad, 

beri araa, magram berul cxovrebas ewevao Wabuki. 

arc es moswondaT, mudam etratebSi rom iWvriteboda, landiviT 

mimodioda papiseul palatebSi, xanac fsalmuns hgalobda bnelSi 

daCoqili. 

bagrat mefisa da giorgisdarad, nadimebs ar marTavda, stumroba ar 

uyvarda, purad Zviriao, CurCulebdnen kuTxe-kuTxe xanac. 

wavidoda sadme, aravis umxelda mizezs wasvlisas, arc mosvlis dros 

dasTqvamda, winaswar Jams moaxsenebdnen raimes, veravin Seatyobda saxeze: 

eama Tu ewyina nauwyebi, monaxsenebi" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 389). 

daviTis am maxasiaTeblebSi kargad Cans ideisaTvis Tavdadebuli mefis 

Tavganwiruli brZola. rogori TixiTac ar unda iyos mozelili kacTagani 

yoveli, yvelam kargad uwyis, Tu rogor Znelia aseT pirobebSi cxovreba: 

sxva rom araferi, is mainc xom Zalian kargad viciT, Seyvarebul mefes 

satrfosTan axlos yofna Zalianac siamovnebs, magram siamovnebis uflebas 

ar aZlevs guls daviTi. arian adamianebi, romelTac siWabukidanve 

SeuZliaT Tavisi daniSnulebis Secnoba, grZnoben, ras moiTxovs gangeba 

maTgan da CaTrevas Cayolas amjobineben, Tavadve im xmasa da gzas 

gauyvebian, riskenac maT bedi mouwodebT. vfiqrobT, swored aseT 

bednierTa da rCeulTa ricxvs miekuTvneba mefe daviTi. mas Tavidanve 

hqonda gonebaSi awonil-gazomili Tavisi cxovrebis gza da saqarTvelos 

momavali. dRes, rodesac amdeni saukune gvaSorebs gmiri mefis 

108

cxovrebidan, kvlav moipovebian adamianebi, romlebic eTayvanebian didi 

mefis nakvalevs da misi naocnebarisa da misganve miRweuli erovnuli 

miznebis Tayvanismcemelni arian, sxva rom ara, konstantine gamsaxurdias 

saxec gveyofa am azris dasadastureblad da XX saukunis qarTul 

poeziasa Tu prozaSic sainteresod aisaxa daviTisagan fiqrsa da ocnebaSi 

naloliavebi samSoblos Tavisuflebis mxatvruli xorcSesxma. swored 

daviTis pirovnebis Secnobisa da k. gamsaxurdias romanis wakiTxvis Semdeg 

SeiZleba mivideT im daskvnamdis, rom ramdeni welic ar unda icocxlos 

kacTaganma yovelma, rac unda iRvawos da moimoqmedos, Tu samSoblos 

keTildReobisaTvis ar iyo misi qmedeba mimarTuli, àmaod daSvrebian 

muSakni". mxolod samSoblosaTvis Tavganwiruli Tu TavSewiruli 

cxovrebaa maradisi, ukvdavebasTan Seziarebuli. da aRmaSenebls drom, 

garemoebam da individualurma monacemebmac Seuwyo xeli samSoblos 

xsnisTvis golgoTas Sesdgomoda, Tavadac etvirTa saukune mxrebiT, 

momdevno saukuneebsac gadmoyoloda TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis ideis 

STamagonebeli. TiTqos yovelTvis gvesmis misi ideis gamaxmovanebeli da 

damajerebeli xma: 

`vstkbebi, roca qarborbala amovardeba xolme, Seryvna unda am 

qveynisa, maxo, amsoflad mosvlas ra fasi aqvs, Tu igi iseTive dastove 

kacma, rogoric Senamdis yofila" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 42). 

ra Tqma unda, am azris Semecneba bevrisTavis miuwvdomelia. ifiqro 

masze, rom iseTi ar datovo sofeli, rogoric Senadmis iyo da Tanac 

yovelive aRmasvlis gziT warmarTo, TviT erTeulTa Soris kidev ufro 

metad rCeulT ZaluZT, magram fiqri erTia da es Seni fiqri da naocnebari 

realobad aqcio, ise rom saukuneTa Semdgomac valmoxdilad dagigulon 

Taobebma, mxolod erTs, daviTs ergo wilad saqarTveloSi da amasTan 

erTad ukve mivuTiTeT, rom epoqam da garemoebamac Seuwyo gmiris 

bedisweras xeli. drom da epoqam gansazRvra misi gmirobis motivi, magram 

ramdengzis momxdara isic, rom droisa da garemobisagan gamwarebulnic 

ukvalod gardasulan istoriis analebidan. rodesac warsulis epizodebs 

vixsenebT, vrwmundebiT, rom mxolod maT ZaluZT miznis miRweva, saxelisa 

da legendebis gayoleba am qveynidan, visac sakuTari yovelive dauTmiaT 

da xalxisa da qveynis sajildaoze ucdiaT bedi, visac yovelive 

gauwiravT misTvis. am problemaze adrec gvqonda saubari daviTsa da 

109

dedisimedTan mimarTebaSi da davrwmuniT, rom Tavadac samSoblos 

sakuTrxevelze tarigad Sewiruli miaCnia Tavi did mefes. 

daviTis imdroindel miznebi mxolod saqarTvelos Tavisuflebis 

ideiT ar Semoifargleboda. man kargad uwyoda, damoukideblobis miRweva 

ra Tqma unda aucilebeli iyo, magram misi SenarCunebisaTvisac, rom 

winaswar unda momzadebuliyo niadagi, amasac grZnobda. arada msoflio 

politikis winaswari ganWvreta da imdroindeli Zlieri qveynis samomavlo 

gzis gaTvlac iyo amisaTvis saWiro. upirvelesi da umTavresi Zala Tavad 

saqarTveloSi unda gamoZebniliyo, radgan: 

`daviTs adreve miniSnebuli hqonda erTi WeSmaritebac: sxvisi 

daxmarebis Semyure, yvelaze naklebd rom exmareba Tavis Tavs. 

konstantinopolSi mosalodnel ambebs sxvagvarad afasebda daviT 

mefe. mas diaxac Tvali eWira basili bulgarTmmusvrelis mier mitacebul 

basianis miwebze da arc lazTa samkvidros Sescqeroda gulgrilad, arc 

trapizonisa da xaldess qveynebs. 

im SemTxvevaSi Tu bizantia SinaaSlilobisa da taxtismterTa 

cilobis msxverpli gaxdeboda, vidre Turqebi im qveynebs waepotinebodnen, 

daviT mefes gadawyvetili hqonda liparitisa d ratis dazaveboda, 

TrialeTidan laSqari gaeyvana, taoskaridan gadasuliyo da xsenebul 

qveynebs daufleboda. 

meore garemoebac iyo am SemTxvevaSi damafiqrebeli; Tu erTmorwmune 

bizantiac, somxeTis darad, seljukianebs Cauvardeboda xelSi, maSin 

martoxela saqarTvelo unda Sebmoda gamZvinvarebul islamur loms da 

daviT mefem kargad icoda, sultans qilirjarslans lomis maxvili rom 

erqva" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 538). 

aq kargad vxedavT, raoden wingamWvreteli iyo daviTi, mas SeeZlo 

winaswar, Seecno da daenaxa mosalodneli SesaZleblobani saqarTvelosi 

TviT msoflio arenazec ki. swored aseT winaswargamWvretT da 

winaswamgrZnobelT ZaluZT Tavisi qveynis ramdenime saukunis iqiT gayvana, 

gaZliereba da ganviTareba, mxolod esec aris, momavalma garemoebebma da 

memkvidreebmac unda warmoaCinon maTi `saqmeni samamaconi", Tumca gmiroba 

da raindoba arasodes darCenila SeumCneveli da miTumetes saqarTveloSi, 

rodesac ara marto ibadebodnen gmiruli sulisa da SemarTebis vaJkacebi, 

aramed saTanado aRzrdas da wvrTnasac Rebulobdnen, Tanac samSoblos 

110

siyvarulisa da misTvis Tavdadebis Tu TavSewirvis grZnoba yvela 

maTganis uzenaes movaleobad igulisxmeboda. 

swored am drois memkvidre da mesaWe iyo daviT aRmaSenebeli da 

swored aman STabera mas da mTel mis TanamedroveT gmiruli suli da 

dasaxuli miznisaTvis brZolis didi SesaZlebloba. 

windaxedulobis saintereso magaliTs warmoadgens Tundac kozman 

beris uvneblad gaSveba ispahanSi. 

ìcodeT liparit amiras damfrTxali mstovari, igic enaWartala 

kozman beri, gacilebiT mets mouTxrobs sultans Cveni Zalmosilebis 

gamo, gacilebiT mets, vidre Cven mogvepoveba sinamdvileSi axla. am saqmes 

uTuod Cinebulad Seasrulebs muslimTa qveynebSi naTrevi mstovarul 

saqmianobaSi sakmaod gaqnili kozman beri" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 553). 

mefis es azri marTlac rom aRafrTovanebs maxaras 

`maxaras vardi mouvida saxeze, selidan zewamoiWra da wamoiZaxa: 

`Wkviani mefe mtris mstovarsac gamoiyenebs" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 553). 

daviT mefes kargad esmis rogor marTos mtrebic da moyvrebic, misma 

politikurma winaswarmWvretelobam didi Sedegi moutana saqarTvelos 

erovnul-ganmaTavisulebel moZraobas, magram erTicaa, TviT mefem, rogorc 

giorgi pirvelma xom kargad icoda, roca amdeni mteri, orguli da 

qvegamxedvari TviT sakuTar xalxSic moipoveboda, aleqsandre makedonelic ver 

gaamarjvebinebda qveyanas, Tumca, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT aRmaSenebelma 

SeZlo SeuZlebeli, mternic da orgulnic ki sakuTar mizansa da 

mimarTebas daumorCila. 

nawarmoebis ZiriTadi ideis Sesamecneblad mwerali iyenebs sxvaTa 

mosazrebebs, sizmrebs, Tqmulebebs, legendebs, romlebic nawarmoebSi 

simboloebad devs da maTi axsna-gaSifvra erTi miznisaken miemarTeba, 

vigrZnoT da vigulisxmoT saqarTvelos Tavisufleba. am damoukideblobis 

damagvirgvinebeli ki TavisTavad daviT mefea, romlis moqmedebisa da 

momavlis saxes ukavSirdeba yvela sizmari Tu Tqmuleba. 

jer iyo da arabTa mefis nomanis saxes balRobidanve aziarebs maxara 

da noman Ze medharisa, rom miwiqveSa gvirabis dagmanul kars miadgeba da 

mis winaSe Tormetive kari ganixvneba - umravi simdidre darbazebisa, 

garkveuli miniSnebaa imisa, rom daviT mefis winaSe yoveli Caketili unda 

gaixsnas - saqarTvelos bediTi yofiT Caketili. balRobidan moyolebuli 

111

Warmagsac siamovnebs noman mefis ambavis xseneba da zmanebaSi gadasulic, 

saocar saxeebs da mosalodnel garemoebaTa simbolo-miniSnebebs xedavs: 

`daviTs ukve CasZineboda arCvis tyavebSi nebierad SefuTvnils ezmana: 

veladac midiodi samSvildes barisaken cxeniT da midga cadawvdil svets 

da 

am svetis zeTavze naxevari mTvare esvena 

da masze 

ijda 

lalisniskartiani 

marjnis Wangebiani 

yorani 

TeTri... 

qari hqroda, 

ca iryeoda... 

... qari qarborbalad iqca 

miwa ganixvna da qondriskaci amoZvra Rrudan. 

mtutisferi wveri hqonda am qondriskacs, xolo Tvalni firuzisani, 

xelSi spilenZis Cogani eWira da burTi sami. 

gauRima qondriskacma mefes, foladis kbilebi SemoanaTa da uTxra, Tu 

Sen marTla daviT mefe xar, Ze giorgisi da SvilisSvilTagani meSurdule 

da mefsalmune daviT mefisa, aha Cogani spilenZisa da burTi sami; 

tyorcne, nu zogav da Tundac erTic rom moaxvedro im yorans, is 

naxevari mTvarec mtvrad iqceva da is svetic marmarilosi. 

ukeTu ver ewio sawadels im Rrudan gamovixmob urCxulebs da 

Rrianklebs da merme Sen icode da maTo. 

daviTma gamoarTva qondriskacs Cogani spilenZis da burTi sami 

qari hqroda, ca iryeoda, qari hqroda da sveti irxeoda, rogorc 

lelis klerto... 

xeli SemarTa burTs gasartyorcnad mefem da gamoaRviZes... 

maxarai Tavze wamodgomoda patrons da bodiSobda 

`swuxdi da SfoTavdi, amitomac gagaRviZe, mefev batono"... (`daviT 

aRmaSenebeli~, 487) 

es sizmari Cveulebrivi zmaneba araa, masSi Cadebuli simboloebi 

TiTqmis mTeli nawarmoebis ideis gadmomcemia, magram garkveulad 

112

gaocebuli vrCebiT, rom raRa am dros aRviZebs mefes maxara. daskvna 

erTia, yovelive mzamzareuli da axsnili mosawyenia mkiTxvelisaTvis, meti 

Zala da mniSvneloba da daniSnulebac mas eniWeba, rodesac fiqrs uCens 

mas mwerali, sizmari sinamdvilesTan yovelTvisaa dakavSirebuli da Tanac 

igi yovelTvis `bunebrivi sinamdvilea", radgan `cnobierebis TuTiyuSiviT 

gawvrTna SeiZleba, aracnobierisa ki - ara. swored amitom uxdis madlobas 

avgustini ufals, rom mas sakuTar sizmrebze pasuxismgeblobas ar 

akirsebs. aracnobieri fsiqikuri fenomenia, romelic moCvenebiTad Tu 

SeiZleba gaiwvrTnas da isic cnobierebis sazianod... is iyo da aris 

sfero, rasac subieqturi TviTneboba ver Seexeba. risi arc gaumjobeseba 

SeiZleba da arc gauareseba, romlis idumalebas yuri unda davugdoT, 

Tumca Sexebas verasodes SevZlebT" (gustav-iungi 2005 : 49) ambobs karl 

gustav iungi da vrwmundebiT, rom im maxasiTeblebis gamo rac sizmars 

gaaCnia, mwerals saSualeba eZleva mas garkveuli simboluri datvirTva 

misces. swored am aracnobierisa da cnobieris sinTezirebiT, mas SeuZlia 

Seqmnas personaJis idumali da saintereso saxe. miTiTebuli sizmaric ra 

Tqma unda k. gamsaxurdias mier swored aseTi aspeqtiTaa warmodgenili. 

rogorc nawarmoebSi, ise daviTis istoriul saxeSic SeiZleba axsna 

movuZebnoT am simbolur zmanebas. 

saerTod mTeli nawarmoebi SeiZleba simbolur planSi wavikiTxoT da 

dasawyisidanve SevicnoT, rogorc daviT mefis, ise mTeli saqarTvelos 

bediswera. gansakuTrebiT sainteresod ikiTxeba ukanaskneli Tavi `didi 

omi" da SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom mefis sikvdilTan Widili ukanaskneli 

didi omia ara marto pirovnulad mefisa, aramed mTeli saqarTvelosi. 

yvela adamians bediswera am ukanaskneli didi omisaTvis amzadebs da am 

SemTxvevaSi am didi omis simbolo mTel saqarTvelozea ganfenili da 

gvarwmunebs, rom isini, visac ZaluZT Tavisi bediswera mTeli qveynis 

simbolod da miniSnebad aqcion, swored maT SeZles cxovrebaze kvalis 

damCneva, swored maT SeZles, rom Tavisi wasvlis Semdeg Secvlili 

iersaxe miscen qveyanas. Cven iseTi gmirebic gvaxsovs istoriidan _ ara 

marto Tavisi qveynis, msoflios saxec, rom Secvales, magram isi viciT, 

rom epoqa da garemoeba gansazRvravs yovelives, daviTis msgavs 

gonebagamWriax sardalsa da pirovnebas marTlac ZaluZda msofliosaTvis 

ecvala iersaxe da rogorc ukve davinaxeT, esec SeeZlo mis didebul 

113

suls, magram albaT TiToeuli didi kacTaganic garkveuli simboloa 

mizanmimarTuli moqmedebisa da am moqmedebis arealSi daviTis amgvari 

roli ar igulisxmeboda. 

saerTod sakiTxi, romelic am TavSi ganvixileT, erovnuli 

cnobierebisa da xasiaTis TaviseburebaTa simboluri axsna-danaxvaa da k. 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi - Zireulad warmosaxvis miTosur plansa da 

simbolikas gvixsnis. 

Tavi III 

dakarguli sazrisis Ziebisa da pirvelqmnadobis 

SenarCunebis idea konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

saukuneebma daamZima adamianis cnobiereba. saukuneobrivma codnam da 

gamocdilebam is pirvelsaxe daukarga adamians, rogoric moevlina is 

samyaros. 

114

civilizaciam da didma kulturam daxvewa igi, rogorc sulierad, ise 

fizikurad, magram daukarga is Zalmosileba, romliTac SesabamisobaSi 

movida samyarosTan. 

`Zvel babiloniasa da egviptes ramdenime aTasamde weliwadi 

gvaSorebs, meti ara. am xnis manZilze gaiara kacobriobam gza 

ziquratebiTa da piramidebiT dawyebuli da eleqtronikiTa da kosmosuri 

teqnikiT damTavrebuli. da, rogorc ukve iTqva, am gzis gavla swored 

mecnierul-teqnikuri azrovnebis Sedegad moxerxda. Torem sulieri 

TvalsazrisiT, ra sakiTxebic awamebda `gilgameSianis" avtors, dResac 

igiveni gvawvaleben. am xnis manZilze adamianis sulieri arsi ar 

Secvlila. an imdenad mcired Seicvala, rom yofierebaze zegavlena ar 

mouxdenia. isic sakiTxavia, es sulieri arsi ra mimarTulebiT Seicvala - 

ukeTesobisaken Tu uaresobisaken? ufro maRal zneobriv ideals veziareT 

Tu, saerTod, zneobriobas eWvis TvaliT SevxedeT~ (nawyveti akaki baqraZis 

leqciebis kursidan, romelic man 1991-1996 wlebSi waikiTxa quTaisis 

universitetSi da romlis wignad gamocemac avtors aRar dascalda...). 

mecnierebisa da xelovnebis dargebis ganviTarebam, saukuneobrivma 

cvlilebebma erTgvarad gaaucxova da gaaucnaura adamiani. samyaros 

meufeobis SegrZneba, rac Tundac antikur epoqamde mohyva kacobriobas, 

daikarga. Zveli berZnebi Tavis sulsa da mTel arsebaSi jer kidev 

atarebdnen im Zalmosilebis SegrZnebas, riTac aRsavse iyo pirvelqmnili 

adamiani. magram heliocentrizmis gabatonebam, samyaros Semecnebis gzaze 

gadadgmulma mecnierebis nabijebma Seasusta adamianis Rirseba da misi 

yoveliveze aRmatebulobis grZnoba. am tragedias gansakuTrebiT isini 

Seicnoben, romlebic mefuri didebulebiT izrdebian da Tavadac mefuri 

bunebis bavSvebi arian. k. gamsaxurdia am mefuri bunebis bavSvebis, 

Tanamedrove terminologiT e. w. vunderqindebis Sesaxebac saintereso 

mosazrebas gamoTqvams, rogorc Tavis literaturuli narkvevebsa da 

werilebSi, ise mTel mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi da misi yvelaze saintereso 

personaJebi swored mefuri bunebis bavSvebi iyvnen Tavis droze da 

garemoc xels uwyobdaT TavisTavadi da saintereso saxis gamosaxatavad. 

am SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs ara marto samefo Stos 

warmomadgenelTa mxatvruli da personologiuri portretebi, aramed 

Tundac Cveulebriv mokvdavTa, ara marto TavadaznaurTa, glexTa wridan 

115

warmoSobil personaJTa mxatvruli saxeebic, romelTa dakvirveba naTlad 

SegvagrZnobinebs mas, rom TiToeuli kacTagani TiTqmis samyaros meufis 

potenciiT Cndeba da viTardeba, magram es Tavad cxovreba da misgan 

warmoSobili garemoebania, romlebic gardaqmnis, saxes ukargavs da 

amcirebs im diad suls, rac TiToeul adamians dahyveba - pirvelqmnadobis 

xelaxali grZnobiT amaRlebuli. swored am pirvelqmnil samyarodan modis 

galaktioni da `saukune moaqvs mxrebiT". swored aqedan amodis Tavad k. 

gamsaxurdiac, rogorc galaktioni naTlad xedavs da grZnobs `bavSv 

rusTavels", aseve k. gamsaxurdiac mTeli arsebiT, Seicnobs da 

warmosaxavs saukuneebis win gardasuli gmiri mefeebisa da am 

pirvelqmnadobis madlSemorCenil saqarTvelos. saiteresoa gr. robaqiZis 

azri am pirvelqmnadobisa da pirvelmamis saxis gamoxatvisa. 

`bolo saukuneebSi aseTma adamianebma, sul ufro ikles da ikles, 

pirvel mamis, pirvel Teslisa da ZirsZiris Zala miilia. Wknoba daiwyo 

xalxis qvecnobierebaSi. sadRac Rrmad fesvebSi SiSic ki gaCnda pirvel 

mama egeb sulac daiwritao... isev da isev gabrwyindebodnen xolme Cvens 

Soris adamianebi, romlebic Cveni RvTaebrivi Suagulis, gulis gulis 

warmoSobis Zalas atareben Tavis wiaR" (robaqiZe 1992 : 38). gr. robaqiZis 

`graalis mcvelSi" Tavadi giorgia swored am pirvelqmnadobis ZaliT 

madlmosili, romelic `RvTaebrivi Suagulis, gulis gulis warmomSob 

Zalas atarebs". xolo k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi TiTqmis yvela mefe 

(gansakuTrebiT daviT aRmaSenebeli da giorgi I) da nawarmoebTa mTavari 

personaJebis umravlesoba an matarebelia, andac maZiebelia am 

pirvelqmnadobis Zalmosilebis, sinaTlisa da madlisa. da es 

pirvelqmnadoba mxolod simboluri saxe ki ar aris gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebisaTvis, aramed eris, sulis ganmTlianebisa, misi gamoRviZebisa 

da erovnuli cnobierebis formirebis eleqsiria, ramac unda uzrunvelyos 

rainduli saqarTvelos gacocxlebisa da aRorZinebis SesaZlebloba. 

yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani is aris, rom gamsaxurdiasa da misi 

personaJebisaTvis saqarTvelos fizikuri da Tundac qarTvelTa mxolod 

arseboba ki ar aris mTavari, misi sulieri mdgomareoba, misi erovnuli 

saxea yovlisganmsazRvreli. sicocxle xalxisa, romelic moklebulia 

erovnul maxasiaTeblebs, erovnul cnobierebas, ra Tqma unda, arafris 

mTqmelia. 

116

ogorc ukve vTqviT da viciT k. gamsaxurdia kargad icnobda ara 

marto saqarTvelos, msoflio istoriasac da isic kargad uwyoda, rom 

`sxva, Cvenze ufro dawinaurebul qveynebSi, Taoba Taobas misdevda, Taoba 

Taobas gadasZaxebda xolme Tavis anderZs, Taoba Taobis mxrebze idgamda 

fexs, erT saukuneSi dawyebul socialurs, politikurs, religiurs da 

artistul zraxvaT, meore saukuneSi gamouCndebodnen xolme memkvidreni, 

erTi Taobis, erTi generaciis mier Cayril duRabsa da kirs maxlobeli 

generacia awyobda agurs. am mxriT, Zveli saberZneTis, safrangeTis 

istoriuli cxovreba saTeatro dramasa hgavs, moqmedeba - moqmedebas rom 

misdevs TandaTanobiT da erTi meoris SevsebiT, gaZlierebiT, sadac 

finali dramis, logikuri daskvnaa yvela aqtebis. 

Cveni istoriuli yofa ki kinematografis seansebs mogagonebT, Tvalis 

daxamxamebaze rom swydeba erTi suraTi da mas sul sxva Sinaarsi mosdevs. 

aba ra aqvs saerTo XII-sa da XIV saukunis an XII-sa da XVII-XVIII saukunis 

qarTvelebis kulturul yofas? `vardbulbuliansa" da `vefxistyaosans" - 

`qacvia mwyemss" da CaxruxaZis ideebs? iSviTad Tu arsebula sxva romelime 

kulturuli eris istoriaSi aseTi ufskruli or diad epoqaTa Soris, 

rogoric iyo XII da XVII saukune Cvens warsulSi. xuroTmoZRvrebas, 

kazmul xelovnebasa da saeklesio mxatvrobas rom Tavi davaneboT, TviT 

qarTuli enis ganviTarebaSiac saSinel regress vxedavT" (gamsaxurdia t. 

VIII, 1967 : 147) aRniSnavda k. gamsaxurdia. 

aSkaraa mwerals Tvali da goneba miuwvdeboda saqarTvelos 

gardasuli saukuneebis yvela monakveTze da gardasuli movlenebis 

SejamebiT saTanado daskvnas akeTebda. albaT, saqarTvelos istoriis da 

misi kulturuli speqtris yvela SemcnobelisaTvis ganviTrebis es 

araTanabroba TvalSi sacemia, magram, rodesac qveynis istoriuli 

Znelbedobis epoqebs davayuradebT, isic sakvirvelad gveCveneba, aqamdis 

rogor moatana amdeni mtrebisa da brZolebis gadamtanma qveyanam, magram 

marTlac feniqsisebr ferflisagan aRdgomis ZaliT iyo madlmosili 

qarTuli geni, Torem ramdengzisme dacemuli da iavaryofili kvlav 

aRorZinebas ver SeZlebda. saerTod, eris sulis uSinaarsoba, misi 

msxvreva winamorbedia misi mTliani gaqrobisa, cnobilia, rom bunebaSi 

yoveli cocxali arsi warmoiSoba, viTardeba da kvdeba, magram rac 

didxans grZeldeba misi ganviTarebis procesi da arseboba, imdenad 

117

mravalismTqmeli da SemoqmedebiTia misi forma da Sinaarsi. sainteresod 

iyenebs am problemaTa gasaSuqeblad frangi filosofosis bergsonis azrs 

mixako wereTli. `bergsons, magaliTad ar akmayofilebs arc darvinis, arc 

lamarkis, arc de frisis da sxvaTa Teoriebi saxeTa identur organoebis 

Seqmnis axsnisa, igi raRac ucnauri niWis patronia da ucnauradac xsnis 

aseT movlenebs, mas Tavisi biologia aqvs~. swored bergsonis biologiis 

zegavleniT xsnis mixako wereTeli sazogadoebriobis da erebis 

warmoSobisa da ganviTarebis arss. 

`sazogadoebrivoba iyo kacobriobis dasabamidan. rom TviT is rasebi, 

romelTac exla aRar aqvsT sazogadoebrivoba am saerTo 

sazogadoebrivobis mqoneni iyvnen da amitom aqvsT maT exla 

urTierTSoris msgavseba enisa da sxva TvisebaTa. socialur STanarCenTa 

Soris arsebobda socialuri pirvel-dasawyisi aRfrTovaneba, igi 

gadadioda erTi STanarCenidan meorezed, erTi socialuri organizmidan 

moerezed, ra formisac unda yofiliyo igi. - erTi eridan am ukve 

ganviTarebuli socialuri organizmidan meorezed. yoveli aRmoCena, 

yovelive religiuri da zneobrivi qadageba, yoveli socialuri moZraoba, 

yoveli kulturuli SeZena gadadioda erTi socialuri centridan 

meoreSi... 

ramdenadac erebs identuri, saerTo organoebi aqvsT, imdenad eri 

saerTo cnebas warmoadgens, ramdenadac es organoebi gansxvavdebian 

erTmaneTisagan TavisTavad, imdenad ers aqvs Tavisi individualoba" 

(wereTeli 1990 : 103). 

swored eris am individualuri maxasiaTeblebis maZiebelia k. 

gamsaxurdia da igi Tavis romanebsa Tu literaturul werilebSi 

mkveTrad da sainteresod asaxavs im TavisTavadobas, romelic qarTvel 

ers, rogorc mTlian organizmsa da calkeul pirovnebebs gaaCniaT. swored 

am individualur xasiaTebSi unda veZioT qarTveli eris sicocxlis 

xangrZliobisa da misi TiTqmis `maradiulobis" saidumlo. im 

pirveldasabams pirvelqmnadobas, romelic safuZvlad udevs qarTveli 

eris fenomenalur struqturas, igi Tavad moicavs. 

mixako wereTeli erTsac miuTiTebs, `miswrafeba erovnul-socialuri 

monadisa Tavis dacvisadmi saukuno arsebobisadmi, - es Tviseba eris 

gacilebiT ufro bunebrivi da samarTliania, vidre yvela warsul da 

118

awmyo moZalade konkretul socialur organizmTa, magaliTad did 

sxvadasxva erTagan Semdgari saxelmwifosi" (wereTeli 1990 : 103). 

vfiqrobT, rogorc adamianis embrionSia kodi misi 

sicocxlisunarianobisa, aseve TiToeuli eris pirvelqmnadobis ujredSi 

devs misi momavlis, misi yofnis xangrZlivobis monacemi da buneba 

yovelTvis am Tavisive nawyalobevis damcvelad gvevlineba. 

yovelive es kargad ikiTxeba gamsaxurdias mTel SemoqmedebaSi, mTel 

mis azrovnebaSi da swored am pirvelqmnadobis arsis wvdomisa da eris 

samomavlo sicocxlisunarianobis gzis Ziebaa mTeli misi cxovreba da 

moRvaweoba. 

erovnuli grZnobiTa da samSoblos winaSe movaleobiTaa STagonebuli 

konstantine gamsaxurdias Semoqmedeba da misi moRvaweobis mTavari 

mamoZravebeli Zala. swored saqarTvelosadmi Tavdadebisa Tu 

Tavganwirvis amaRlebuli mizani iyo. saidan da rogor unda dawyebuliyo 

es gza, amis Ziebasac garkveuli dro Seewira. da ara marto konstantine 

gamsaxurdia, mTeli misi Tanamedrove moazrovne Taobac im gzis maZiebelia 

`romelic taZramdis miiyvans" da saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qarTveli 

gmirebis naloliaveb samSoblos `wiTeli minotavrisagan" gaaTavisuflebs. 

Tu rogor eZebda xsnis gzas es Taoba, amaze naTlad gamoxatavs a. 

baqraZis azri: 

`dionisos Rimilis" protagonisti konstantine savarsamiZe moTqvams: 

`Cemi cxovrebis naxevar gzaze SemomaRamda, isev Sen gigoneb da geZaxi 

- gulTmisano Cemo gamzrdelo! 

egeb Sen maswavlo gza, rogor gavide am uRrani tyidan 

gana ar gesmis? 

`gza"! iZaxis adamiani saukuneebis irib mijnebze, 

`gza!" iZaxian mgzavrebi, meetleebi, vatmanebi da Sofrebi. 

`gza!" iZaxian mwerlebi, mecnierebi, berebi da moZRvarT-moZRvrebi. me 

yvela vnaxe, me yvelas vkiTxe da veravin maswavla gza. 

Tumca Cems winaSe yvela gza xsnilia, yvela asparezi nacadi, yvela 

borkili iseve tkbili, rogorc sayvarlisagan naboZebi samaje, magram 

mainc ar vici, saiT wavide, radgan yvela gza ulevia da gauvali". 

aseve sasowarkveTilia givi Saduric, arc mas aqvs gzis povnis imedi.... 

119

... verc `mTvaris motacebis" personaJma TaraS emxvarma miagno Tavis 

gzas, rogorc viciT - igi Tvlida, rom im dros ori gza iyo, stalinis da 

musolinis gza, e.i. bolSevizmisa da faSizmis gza. magram Tavad aRiarebs 

TaraSi - `me dRemdis ugzod vixetiale da rogorc xedav, verc erTs 

davadeqi... orive daxSuli aRmoCnda CemTvis". 

es sami magaliTic mkafiod mowmobs rogor aqtiurad iyo dasmuli 20- 

30-iani wlebis qarTul mwerlobaSi gzadabneuli kacis problema, maSin 

komunisturi literaturuli kritika amas imiT xsnida, rom gamarjvebulma 

muSaTa klasma uaryo da gaanadgura mqonebelTa da privilegirebulTa 

klasi. 

damarcxebuli qarTuli aristokratiis Svilebs sasowarkveTis, 

wuwunisa da Civilis garda, sxva aRaraferi darCenoda. nawilobriv es 

marTalia. magram igi gzadabneuli kacis problemebis calmxrivi gaSuqebaa. 

arc givi Saduri arc konstantine savarsamiZe da arc TaraS emxvari 

mxolod klasobrivi TvalsazrisiT ar Civian ugzoobas. ugzoobis sakiTxi 

maT ufro erovnuli kuTxiT awuxebT. TiToeul maTgans surs emsaxuros 

samSoblos, xalxs, magram socialisturi idealis miReba arc undaT da 

arc SeuZliaT" (baqraZe 1990 : 202). 

yovelive aqedan gamomdinare albaT gagviCndeba kiTxva, ratom ar 

ZaluZT am personaJebs socialisturi idealis miReba, ratom ibrZvian 

isini axali gzisaTvis da saidan iwyeba es gza? esaa umTavresi sakiTxi 

imis Sesamecneblad, Tu ratom iyo ase aSkara winaaRmdegoba saqarTveloSi 

socialisturi idealebisadmi, da ratom iyo, rom TiTqmis mTeli saukunis 

ganmavlobaSi yvelaze metad gamoirCeoda Cveni samSoblo sxvaTagan - 

damoukideblobisaken ltolvis sindromiT? 

am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemaa mTavari konstantine gamsaxurdias 

erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis amosacnobad da saqarTvelos 

mravalsaukunovan da Sinaarsian istoriaSia fesvebi am kiTxvis pasuxisa. 

dakarguli sazrisisa da pirvelqmnadobis ideaa k. gamsaxurdias ideuri 

mrwamsis sawyisi, swored aqedan iRebs saTaves saqarTvelos samomavlo 

erovnuli programac... da araTu qarTul prozaSi, poeziaSic mravalgzis 

gaJRerebula es problema da gansakuTrebiT m. maWavrianTan, da S. 

niSnianiZesTan mkveTrad iCens igi Tavs, Tundac muxranis striqonebi àra 

sxvisi misabaZi ra mWirs, Tvara ki". 

120

`...sayvelpuro patriotizmi, RvTis wyalobiT, arasodes gvklebia 

maincadamainc. umTavresi sxva ram iyo, gacilebiT Znelad 

gansaxorcielebeli ram: saWiro iyo istoriuli sazrisis povna, manamde 

mxolod intuitiurad nagzneb iseT aspeqtTa mikvleva, warmoCena da 

dasabuTeba, romelTa wiaRSic WeSmaritad scnobda TavisTavs didi 

kulturul-istoriuli misiis mtvirTveli eri" (TvaraZe, ciskari, 1969 #12 

: 70-71). 

k. gamsaxurdias miaCnia, rom erovnuli xsnis gza saqarTvelom 

Tavissave cnobierebaSi unda eZios, ideebi, romelic evropidan mohyveba 

gzas gadaumuSaveblad veraferSi waadgeba saqarTvelos. literaturul 

werilSi `sityva, xati da musika" mwerali miuTiTebs: 

àxali drois muSaoba orgvaria: erTis mxriT, Zveli universalur 

historizmis bairaxtarni, romelnic Zvel ideaTa samyaros xels ar 

uSveben, radgan Zvelis gavlena axal kulturul jejilze sasargeblod 

miaCniaT, meore pirad meamboxe axalgazrdoba, romelic erTis dahkvriT 

lamobs Zveli kulturuli tradiciebisa da maTi universal-historizmis 

ganadgurebas... 

iwyeba maradiuli brZola mamebsa da Svilebs Soris. 

revolucioneri axalgazrdobis erTi nawili stovebs mSobliur 

penatebs da tradiciul evropas da kolumbis qveyanaSi iSenebs 

samocsarTulian koSkebs" (`sityva, xati, musika~, `cisartyela~, #8-12, 1920 : 

48). 

rogorc vxedavT k. gamsaxurdias protesti axali Taobisadmi 

saqarTvelos warsulis uaryofisa da momavlisadmi uyuradRebobiTaa 

ganpirobebuli, maSin, rodesac mwerali qveynis arqaul Zirebs eZebs da 

ikvlevs awmyosa da momavlis erovnuli sulis SesaerTeblad, qarTvelTa 

nawils Tvali sxva qveynebisaken uWiravs. 

viciT, rom erovnul msoflmxedvelobas ver Seqmnis mxolod drois 

erTi garkveuli monakveTi, drois siRrmeSi gadadgmul fesvebs Tu ver 

mivakvlevT da Tu masze ar aRmovacenebT mTel erovnul Senobas, amaod 

davSvrebiT, konstantine gamsaxurdia rom am azris jerovnad Semmecnebeli 

da gamxmovanebelic gaxldaT, es mTeli misi mxatvruli Semoqmedebidan da 

zogadad naazrevisagan igrZnoba. k. gamsaxurdias personaJebisa Tu mTavari 

moqmedi pirebis gvari da sisxli saukuneebs moarRvevs da axal gzasa da 

121

sadinars eZebs. maTi suli saqarTvelos damoukideblobasa da misi 

momavlis garantias iTxovs. swored aris TaraS emxvaris Tu konstantine 

savarsamiZis mudmivi SeWirvebisa da gzadabneulobis mizezi. am orT ara 

marto gonebasa da azrovnebaSi, sisxlSi aqvT gamjdari Zveli, rainduli 

saqarTvelos xati da nostalgia, maT kargad esmiT, rom winaparTa 

gmirobaca da codvebic Tanabrad mosdevT dResdReobiTac da maTi 

erTguleba marTebT, Torem mamisagan dawyevlilni verasodes gaixareben. 

mamis wyevliTaa SeboWili k. savarsamiZis cxovrebis gza, winaparTa 

codvebs SeuboWavs TaraS emxvari, iseve rogorc qvewarmavalTagan 

laokooni da misi Svilebia SeboWili. 

k. gamsaxurdiasTvis gardasul saukuneTa mxatvruli gaxmovaneba 

TviTmizani ar iyo, mas surda Tavisi mkiTxveli, TiToeuli qarTveli 

Caexedebina saqarTvelos warsulSi, TiToeuli qarTveli mieyvana im 

daskvnamde, rom warsulis gareSe saqarTvelo fesvebmoWril xed rCeboda 

da swored warsulidan unda amozrdiliyo momavlis ylortebi. 

warsulis labirinTebSi SesaRwevad da misgan racionaluri 

marcvalis mosapoveblad eris udidesi energiaa saWiro, miTumetes, 

calkeuli personaJebi k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebidan TiTqos gadamlaxavi 

arian drois sazRvrebisa, TiTqos maradiuli arsebobisTvis arian isini 

Seqmnili. ra Tqma unda, aq Tavad mwerlis sulis ganusazRvreli energia 

dominirebs da Tavad mwerali, romelmac kargad icis, rogor, ra gziT 

unda amoifrqves es sulieri energia personaJSi, iseT mxatvrul 

sinamdviles qmnis, romelsac ZaluZs gmiris realobidan, drois sivrcis 

sazRvrebidan gayvana, swored amitom arian k. gamsaxurdias personaJebi 

realobidan amovardnilni, erTgvarad yofna-aryofnis zRvarze mdgarni: 

`yvelaze metad gvainteresebs sazRvarze mdgari adamiani, sikvdil- 

sicocxlis, normalobis, damarcxebis da a.S. roca avlens SesaZleblobaTa 

maqsimums da TiTqos ufskrulis Tavze qanaobs. 

aseTia avtoric, romelic Tezevsis msgavsad, brZoliT, tanjviTa da 

TamaSiT unda miswvdes mizans. 

amdenad, rom igi ara mxolod tkbilxmovani orfeosia, aramed gmiric, 

meomari sardali, romelic win miuZRvis sityvaTa laSqars aRTqmuli 

qveynisaken" (sigua 2007 : 315). 

122

mainc ra da sad aris aRTqmuli qveyana k. gamsaxurdiasTavis, sad unda 

veZioT peripetiebi am aRTqmuli qveynisa?! am sakiTxze TviT k. 

gamsaxurdias werilebic ki gvaZlevs pasuxs da esaa `dakargulis", 

sulieri samSoblos moZebna. 

werilSi `sityva, xati, musika" mwerali wers: `sad aris samSoblo 

Cemi?" - kiTxulobs zaratustra. 

ìmas veZeb da vkiTxulob veZebdi, veZebdi marad Jams, veZebdi da veRar 

hvpove. hoi, maradiulo arsad, hoi, maradiulo amaod" 

Tanamedrove sulic mwyurvaled eZiebs am WeSmarit samSoblos 

`vin damifaravs me? 

vin Semiyvarebs me? 

momeci xeli da ganmartovebuls. 

momeci xeli, megobaro ukanasknelo, 

Cemo ucnobo, uxilavo 

RmerTo jalaTo!" 

da sasowarkveTili winaswarmetyveli TviTTve eZebs Tavis sulis 

cecxls ganwmendisas. `brZeni, Semcnobi, yovelive dasawyisisa, igi momavlis 

wyaros miagnebs, wyaros axal wyaroTa warmomSobs, axalsa da uval gzebs". 

`WeSmaritad garwmunebT Zmebo, ar dayovndeba xani, axali Taobani 

warmoiSvebian, axal ufskrulebSi daiwyeben Zebnas. axali miwisZvra Zmebo 

axal wyaroebs aRmoaCens, Zveli xalxebisa da Zvel TaobaTa miwisZvra 

axal wyaroebis Sadrevnad amosqdeba. 

aRsrulda fridrih nicSes winaswarmetyveleba: Zveli xalxebisa da 

TaobaTa miwisZvra omma - axali wyaroebi, axali gzebi unda warmoSvas, 

axali gzebi axal SesaZleblobisaken" (`sityva, xati, musika", `cisartyela" 

#8-12 1920 : 50). 

k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli mrwamsis Ziebisas rwmundebi, rom mxolod 

misi mxatvruli Semoqmedebis SeswavliT ver aRviqvamT srulyofil 

portrets mwerlisas, misi erovnuli azrovnebis naperwklebi mimobneulia 

Semoqmedis literaturul werilebSi da rac yvelaze sainteresoa, swored 

am werilebSia Seulamazebeli da mkacri sinamdvile. rac Seexeba 

mxatvrul nawarmoebebs, iq xom literaturuli sinamdvile dominantobs, 

rasac ZiriTadad mwerlis fantazia da nawarmoebSi asaxuli garemo 

situaciebi ganapirobebs. mwerali `sityvaTa TamaSiT" d maTi Sexameba- 

123

SekavSirebiT aRwevs mxatvrul efeqts, xolo literaturuli werilebi 

mwerlis fantaziisagan gantvirTulia da ZiriTadad obieqturi 

sinamdvilis speqtrSi warmogvidgens arsebul garemo-situaciebs. 

miTiTebuli werilis sinamdvile ZiriTadad `zaratustras" fonze iSleba 

da gvarwmunebs, rom dakarguli sazrisisa da pirvelqmnadobis SenarCuneba 

k. gamsaxurdias msoflmxedvelobasa da SemoqmedebaSi swored am wyarodan 

iRebs saTaves, Tumca arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom Tu Tavad mwerlis 

sulSi ar iqneboda mzaoba, am ideis gasacnobiereblad da misaRebad, 

`zaratustras" aseTi siRrmiT ver gaiTavisebda igi da mxatvrul 

SemoqmedebaSic ase sainteresod ver gadmonergavda mas. 

warsulisaken mravali mecnierisa da Semoqmedis xedva iyo mimarTuli, 

magram igi mxolod nicSem warmosaxa aseTi siRrmiTa da srulyofilebiT, 

xolo Tavad k. gamsaxurdiam SeZlo gaeTavisebina brZenTabrZeni 

moazrovnis warmosaxva. arc is unda daviviwyoT, rom Tavad gamsaxurdiam 

yovelive es iseTi individualuri aspeqtiT da interpretaciiT gaamdidra 

da warmogvidgina, TiTqmis axali mxatvruli speqtri Seqmna da 

dagvarwmuna, rom sxvaTa azri da sityvac ki, gonieri moazrovnis mier 

moxmarebuli, axal daniSnulebas iZens. 

k. gamsaxurdia dasabuTebulad gvixsnis ra ganZi unda aviRoT, 

warsulidan, riT unda gavamdidroT erovnuli cnobiereba da Sesabamisad 

ganvsazRvroT eris momavalic, arada droa iseTi, rom bevrs Tvali sxvaTa 

kulturaze, sxvaTa momavlis programebze rCeba, maSin, rodesac TviT Cvens 

warsulSi devs Cvenive momavali. k. gamsaxurdiasTvis ucxo ar aris 

qarTuli sulis evropul kulturasTan Seziareba, magram es ar unda 

moxdes sakuTaris uaryofis xarjze. werilSi `sityva xati, musika" 

mwerali wers: àxali drois muSaoba orgvaria: erTis mxriT, Zveli 

universal-historizmis bairaxtarni, romelnic Zvel ideaTa samyaros xels 

ar uSveben, radgan Zvelis gavlena axal kulturul jejilze 

sasargeblod miaCniaT, meore pirad meamboxe axalgazrdoba, romelic 

erTis dahkvriT lamobs Zveli kulturuli tradiciebisa da maTi 

universal-historizmis ganadgurebas. 

am axalgazrdobis yuradsaRebad ambobda renani: `nu dagaviwydebaT, 

rom yovel konservatoris veluri winapari revolucioneri yofila. 

iwyeba maradiuli brZola mamebsa da Svilebs Soris. 

124

evolucioneri axalgazrdobis erTi nawili stovebs mSobliur 

penatebs da tradiciul evropas da kolumbis qveyanaSi iSenebs 

samocsarTulian koSkebs" (`magiuri Sandlebi", `cisartyela", #8-12, 1920 : 

8). 

esaa zogadi Sexeduleba, magram TviT saqarTvelos konkretuli 

tkivilebic moJonavs k. gamsaxurdias literaturul werilebSi. 

`Cven dRes kriziss ganvicdiT, rogorc saqarTvelos, ise msoflios 

moqalaqeni. 

Cveni saukunis axalTaobas, ragind mravalferovanic ar unda iyos igi 

Tavisi individualuri sulieri struqturiT da naSenebiT, erTi ram 

aerTebs - es aris uaryofa Cveni Tanamedroveobisa... is rac Cvens Taobas 

aerTebs, es aris protesti gadaWarbebuli inteleqtualizmis winaaRmdeg 

mimarTuli. Cven Tumca mowyvetilni viyaviT ukanaskneli wlebis 

ganmavlobaSi evropisagan, magram ideebi xSirad haeris talRas 

mimohyvebian. amitomac Cveni uaxlesi literaturis dvrita dasunTqulia am 

zogad evropuli sulieri ganwyobilebebiT" (`sityva xati, musika", 

`xelovneba" #2, 1921 w.). ra Tqma unda, arc evropuli ideologiisaken 

swrafva ar aris gamsaxurdias sulieri mrwamis gamomxatveli, 

àmerikanizmi... ki yovelive degeneraciisa da sulieri degradaciis" 

gamovlinebebad esaxeba da yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg isev sakuTar 

Zirebs surs miubrunos mTeli qarTveloba. TaraS emxvaris odisea svaneTSi 

sxva ara aris, Tu ara mesame gzis Zieba, im eTikuri Tu patriarqaluri 

epoqis narCenebi, rac svaneTis egzotikur fons qmnida TaraS emxvaris 

fantaziis xsnisa da gadarCenis gza iyo, magram male Tavadac darwmunda 

da mkiTxvelic dagvarwmuna, rom an axali cxovrebis mdinares unda 

SerTvoda, andac daRupuliyo. swored imitom ar iyo TaraS emxvarisaTvis, 

da Tundac gamsaxurdias sxva personaJebisaTvisac misaRebi, rom saerTo 

mdinarebas unda SerTvodnen da SekavSirebodnen, TavianTi pirovnuli, 

individualuri saxe daekargaT. iseve rogorc maTi samSoblo `diadi 

sabWoeTis" erT-erTi rgoli unda gamxdariyo da ara damoukidebeli 

erovnuli saxelmwifo. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom sabWouri ideologiis misi 

mesveurTa msoflmxedvelobis yvelaze didi nakli swored is iyo, rom 

individuaulizms mtrobda da yvelafers da yovelives `prokrustres 

sarecelis" principiT udgeboda, TavisTavad cxadia, rac mis normebs da 

125

ideebs scildeboda zedmetad Tvlida da mis mokveTas lamobda. SeiZleba 

Tamamad vTqvaT, rom gamsaxurdias personaJebis tragedia subieqturi ki 

ara, obieqturi mizezebiTaa ganpirobebuli. 

individualuri saxe Tu waiSala adamianSi, is ra Tqma unda, 

darRveulia TavisTavad da pirovnul saxes kargavs. sabWouri ideologia 

am pirovnuli saxis winaaRmdeg mebrZolia, iseve rogorc calkeuli erebis 

interesebis Camkvleli da mowinaaRmdegea. rogorc calkeuli adamiani 

imsxvreva pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs moklebuli, aseve erebic iRupebian 

erovnul idealebs daSorebulni. es kargad esmis Tavad konstantine 

gamsaxurdias da aqedan gamomdinare misi nawarmoebebis gmirebsac, k. 

gamsaxurdia xsnis gzas im erovnul fesvebSi eZebs, ramac Seqmna qarTuli 

erovnuli saxelmwifo, im sayrdenSi, razec qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi 

instituti aRmocenda. da yovelives kidev ufro Soridan iwyebs, kerZod, 

miTologiidan, sadac obieqtur sayrdens Tu ver movipovebT, fantazias 

mainc avamoZravebT. 

`ra Raribi iqneboda Cveni fantaziis parnasi, ra carieli iqneboda 

Cveni adamianuri xsovna, rom mas am miTis, am legendis damaxsovrebis 

unari ara hqonoda. didi bednierebaa adamianisaTvis mogoneba platonuris 

gagebisa, ramdenadac mogonebaa mTeli Cveni ideaTa samyaro, magram ufro 

carieli iqneboda Cveni fantazia, rom Cven nicSesave sityvebiT 

`Tayvanismcemeli cxovelebi" ar viyoT, rom Cveni guli ise gaiTiSos 

skepticizmisa da relativizmis susxiT, rom Cven ar gveyos warmodgenisa 

da pietetis Zala am miTis, am legendis dasajerebeli. angelus silezius 

mSvenier poetur formulas gvawvdis am mxriT: 

`qriste namdvili, srulyofili, jer ar Sobila, misi xateba RvTiuri 

unda dasruldes mermisSi". 

am miTis wyalobiT ikvleven gzas bneli saukunoebidan Cvenamdis 

qriste da budda, sokrates da platon, homeri da Seqspiri, rusTaveli da 

guramiSvili - am legendis wyalobiT imagreben isini Tavs gulmaviwyobis 

okeaneze, rogorc RmerTi dionisos zRvis zedapirze" (`traRediis 

warmoSoba mistikis sulidan", `gamsaxurdia" t. VI, 1983 : 514). 

SemTxeviTi arc sxvaTa azris moSveliebaa gamsaxurdiasaTvis da arc 

TviT umniSvnelo detalis Semotana Tavis nawarmoebebSi, andac 

cxovrebisaTvis umniSvnelo adamianebis porteretis xatva, radgnac avtori 

126

maT pirvelyofil, pirvelqmnil saxes eZiebs, maT sulSi ixedeba da iqedan 

gvixsnis samyaros anbans. 

`zarebi grigalSi" erTi SexedviT umniSvnelo adamianis, mnaTe 

oqropiris, saxes agvisaxavs da gvarwmunebs rom umniSvnelo da 

mniSvnelovani adamiani ar arsebobs, es Cveni warmosaxva aZlevs maT aseT 

klasifikacias, sinamdvileSi ki im pirvelqmnili saxiT yvela TavisTavadi 

da ufliswulia. xom Segvagonebs mwerali `didostatis majvenaSi". 

`rac unda didi qmnilebis winaSe idge, TviT umniSvnelo adamianic met 

yuradRebas moiTxovs, Sengan" (`didostatis marjvena~, 10). radganac 

mwerlis azriT adamiani yoveliveze aRmatebulia. mxatvruli sinamdvile, 

iseT realobas qmnis, sadac yvela da yvelaferi Tanasworia, sadac yvela 

da yovelive pirvelqmnadobis RvTiuri saxiT warmogvidgeba, es im 

SemTxvevaSi, Tu naRdi Semoqmedis fantaziiT aisaxeba garemoca da 

personaJic. erTi SexedviT Cven mier sakvlevi Temis registrSi TiTqmis 

arc jdeba mnaTe oqropiris saxe, magram pirvelqmnadobis mZafri beWedi, 

rac am personaJs sainteresos da mxatvrulad srulqmnils xdis, Cvenc 

garkveul pasuxs gagvaceminebs zogierT problemaze. 

òqropirs sofeli lenCs eZaxda (lenCi saSualoa glaxaksa da qadagad 

davardnils Soris). sCveoda oqropirs - moubars xSirad yurs ar ugdebda, 

roca saqmeze elaparakebodnen, sul sxva ramisaTvis fiqrobda. 

saxeze etyoboda: mis suls vnebis qariSxali ar mohxvedroda, ar 

ekuTvnoda oqropir am qveyanas. arc am qveyanam daudo mas wili sofelSi. 

ambavi daagdes: dro mova, glaxakebi RmerTs gautoldebian, Zlierni ama 

qveynisani Sedrkebian da glakaxebi Tavadebis porfirs moisxameno. ar 

iqneba arc RmerTi da eSmaki, mdidari da Raribi, qurumi da mnaTe, radgan 

yoveli kaci TviTon iqneba Tavisi Tavis RmerTi, qurumi da mnaTe, ase 

ambobda qadagi taia" (gamsaxurdia VI, 1980 : 250). ra Tqma unda oqropirs 

amao cxovrebis qariSxali ar Sexebia, magram adamiani mxolod imiT ki ar 

aris saintereso k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis, Tu rogori saxe miuRia mas, samefo 

samosiTaa Semosili, maTxovris ZonZebiT, Tu beris CoxiT, aramed Tu 

rogoria misi suli, Tu rodis amoxeTqavs misi sulidan Tavisuflebis 

wyurvili. yoveli adamianis sulSi Tvlems diadi warsulis eqo, mxolod 

esaa, zogierTebs ZaluZT misi Semecneba, zogierni ki verc grZnoben mas 

TavianTi arsebaSi. mnaTe oqropirs ki bedma gauRima, Tundac erTxel mainc 

127

SeZlo pirvelqmnili miTis eqo aeborgebina Tavis sulSi, Tundac erTxel 

mainc ahyoloda Tavisi sulis revoluciis Zalmosilebas. 

`da mTeli cxovreba fiqrobda oqropir, ra iyo, Tu ara zRapari 

xanmokle? zarebis jarebi foladis abjarSi, mdevrebi uSiSo, 

Tavgametebulni, misdeven grigalis gafrenil mernebs. mihqrodnen 

mTvarisaken Rrublebis gemebi alisfer sisxliT gamurul afrebiT da 

pirvqee, ekida ieso zecaSi, Rrublebis anZaze, viT mavne mekobre, grigali 

miaxta Rrublebis qeCos. viT mali focxveri sisxls mowyurebuli 

gasdrika welSi mZle goliaTebi samreklo tkrcialiT Seirya, gaqanda, 

tortmaniT daeca miwaze" (gamsaxurdia V, 1980 : 263). 

da yvelaferi es sxva ara aris, Tu ara mnaTe oqropiris sulSi 

amovardnili qariSxali, misi sulis revolucia. 

mnaTe oqropiri, romelic lenCad iyo Seracxuli soflis mier da 

TiTqos yovelgvar azrsa da mniSvnelobas iyo moklebuli misi pirovneba, 

sulis siRrmeSi mainc atarebs im pirvelyofil sasicocxlo Zalas da 

Tavisuflebisaken ltolvas, rac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mohyveboda mis 

sisxls da aba rogor SeiZleba moqmed, srulfasovan adamianSi daiSirtos 

igi. sulisqTmas, sulis amboxs yovelTis mihyavs kacobrioba win. sulis 

revolucia socialur da politikur revoluciebze aRmatebulad miaCniaT 

yovelTvis moazrovneT. 

èbraelebma ki kacobriobas daumtkices, rom gautexelia eris suli, 

Tu xalxma icis risTvis arsebobs. ori aTasi wlis gafantvis, tanjva- 

wamebis, damcirebis, kardakar xetialis Semdeg maT erovnuli saxelmwifoc 

Seqmnes, daviwyebuli enac aRadgines da did ekonomikur-kulturul 

gamarjvebasac miaRwies... 

sulis revoluciisTvis erToblivi muSaoba marTebs mwerlobasa da 

ers. mwerloba simarTliT, avisa da kargis Seufaravi TqmiT, miznis 

naTlad CvenebiT unda awrTobdes xalxis suls. eri ki piruTvneli 

msajuli unda iyos yoveli moRvawis saqmianobis, pirferuli 

TvalTmaqcobiT gundruks ar unda ukmevdes yovel lazRandaras da 

Saraxvetias. nurvin ityvis imas, rom zogjer xalxi tyuvdeba da ver arCevs 

mtyuansa da marTals, xalxi arasodes tyuvdeba, oRond, samwuxarod 

zogjer mas xelsayrelad miaCnia Tavi moikatunos gacucurakebulad, es 

128

cru diplomatia unda moicilos Tavidan da yovelTvis ecodineba ra 

akeTos da rogor" (baqraZe 1990 : 224). 

akaki baqraZis es mosazreba gvidasturebs, rom adamianis sulis 

revolucia yoveliveze aRmatebulia. teqnikuri, socialuri Tu 

politikuri speqtri revoluciebisa sainteresoa da TavisTavad amzadebs 

niadags sulis revoluciisaTvis, magram amisTvis aucilebelia Tavad 

adamianTa sulis mzaoba, niadagi axali eTikur-esTetikuri idealebisaTvis 

da am niadagis Semqmneli yovelTvis iyo da aris upirvelesad xelovneba. 

xelovnebis yoveli dargi TavisTavad adamianis sulis mwvrTnelia, magram 

misi formirebis yvelaze aRmatebuli Zala literaturas Seswevs. am 

droiTa da sivrciT SemousazRvrel xelovnebis dargs, romelsac ZaluZs 

araTu niadagi Seqmnas, aramed Tavad gamoiwvios revolucia adamianis 

sulSi. sainteresod gvixsnis sityvisa da literaturuli xelovnebis 

Zalmosilebas, `dionisos Rimilis" personaJi konstantine savarsamiZe: `me 

vityvi sityvas - aTasebi yurs damigdeben. me vityvi sityvas mSvenierze da 

RvTaebrivze da Cemi sityva Tu daeca fxvier yamirze, am sityvas aTasebi 

isev ityvian" (`dionisos Rimili~, 194). 

TviT renesansis epoqidanac gvaxsovs rom imdroindelma moazrovne 

adamianebma, rodesac adamianis sulis revolucia daisaxes miznad, udidesi 

mniSvneloba amisTvis xelovnebas mianiWes da maT Soris gamorCeuli roli 

da funqcia literaturas miakuTvnes. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare 

SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom k. gamsaxurdias, rogorc mxatvruli 

Semoqmedeba, ise misi werilebi Tu mecnieruli naSromebi iqeTkenaa 

mimarTuli, rom adamiani Tavisi pirovnebisaken Semoabrunos, martivad rom 

vTqvaT, adamians Tavisi sulis sarkeSi Caaxedos, im Sreebs miaaxlovos, 

sadac yvelaze saintereso, sufTa da STambeWdavia misi pirovnuli saxe. 

amitomacaaa, rom mwerlisaTvis didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba mas, romel 

epoqaze wers. ra drosac ar unda asaxavdes misi kalami, razec ar unda 

werdes igi, misi Semoqmedebis mTavari daniSnulebaa adamianis sulis 

revolucia, iseve rogorc renesansis epoqis moazrovneebi da Semoqmedebi 

fiqrobdnen - adamianis xelaxla aRmoCena. 

marTlac SesZlo k. gamsaxurdiam adamianis sulis im Sreebamde 

CaRweva, rac misi drois Tundac kargi mwerlebisa da moazrovneebisaTvis 

miuRweveli iyo, miTumetes maTTvis, romlebic droisa da epoqis gareT 

129

ver gadiodnen, romelTa suli socialisturi msoflmxedvelobiT iyo 

gajerebuli. ar gamovricxavT imas, rom socialuri problematikac 

umniSvnelovanesia - rogorc mwerlobisaTvis, ise sazogadoebisaTvisac, 

magram yovelive es mxolod drois da Tanac amao problemas warmoadgens, 

rogorc jer kidev eklesiastem dainaxa da agvixsna igi. mwerloba 

maradisobis karibWesaa miaxloebuli, maradisobis problemebisaken garbis 

mwerlis gul-goneba da miTumetes, iseTi rangis mwerlisa, rogoric 

konstantine gamsaxurdia brZandeboda, romelmac kargad uwyoda: 

`xelovneba gulissisxls moiTxovso safasad, Tu mTeli jani ar Sealie am 

sastik bomons, araferi gamogiva xelidan" (`didostatis marjvena~, 7). 

Tundac es azric `gana qvaa sveticxoveli, Cemo? qvadyofilia, igi 

amJamad, ufro ukvdavi, vidre asiaTasi mokvdavis suli" (`didostatis 

marjvena~, 303). xelovnebaa Tavad ukvdaveba, mxolod ostats ver eweva 

sikvdili, aTaseuli wlebi walekaven irgvliv yovelives, mxolod 

sveticxoveli darCeba rogorc RmerTTan da sikvdilTan mebrZoli iakobi" 

(`didostatis marjvena~, 139). 

konstantine gamsaxurdias, romelsac ase Rrmad da sainteresod hqonda 

gaazrebuli xelovanisa da xelovnebis daniSnuleba qveynad, ra Tqma unda, 

àmao xmebisaTvis ar ecala" da isic kargad icoda, rom maradisobisTvis 

gankuTnvili xma da ferebi, isev maradisobis ubidan unda amoekriba da 

Tavisi, didi Semoqmedeba erisa da qveynisTvis unda mieZRvna. 

ra Tqma unda, imdroindel saxelmwifo institutze gulaRrenilis 

saprotesto nota niadag moJonavs misi Semoqmedebidan, magram Tavisive 

personaJis kiondtantine arsakiZis piriT, amasac acxadebs: `Cemda Tavad 

vemorCilebi im wyobilebas, romelic wilad ergo Cems xalxs da arc erTi 

eri imis ukeTesis Rirsi araa, rac mas daumyarebia Tavad... 

yoveli kacisaTvis sanatreli wyobileba jerac arsad damyarebula"!.. 

(`didostatis marjvena~, 1990 : 305) da mainc yoveli kacisaTvis sanatreli 

is pirvelyofili sisufTve da simartivea, saidanac iwyeba adamiani. 

saidanac saTaves viRebT. Tumca swored am fesvebze amoizrdeba xSirad 

srulfasovnebisa da adamianuri harmoniis simbolo-geniosi: 

`goeTes ganviTarebaSi SeiZleba mxolod wreSeweril, dasrulebul 

rkalebis danaxva, arsad Sesveneba, arsad gadatexa ganviTarebis temposi da 

130

xazisa - ase harmoniulad roninobs da mdinarebs yoveli didi xelovanis, 

yoveli didi pirovnebis ganviTareba da etli. 

`jiSidan zejiSisaken". 

Cveni Tanamedrove mcneba didi pirovnebisa, didi individumis sruliad 

gaugebari iyo antikur samyaroSi. 

antikuri heros, RvTiuri adamiani iyo, mitomac ase uyvars homers Tqma: 

RvTiuri odisos, RvTiuri aqiless, TviT odisos mefis erTgul meRoresac 

igi RvTiur Roris mwyemss uZaxis. radganac RvTiuroba antikaSi 

jiSdasrulebas, srulyofas udrida. antikuri RmerTebi igive RvTiuri 

srulyofili adamianebi iyvnen. Cveni `didi pirovneba" udrida antikur 

saukeTesos (Tavis jiSSi, Tavis rangSi, wodebaSi an xelovnebaSi). 

... antikur samyaroSi xelovnebac RvTaebrivi funqcia iyo, RvTaebrivi 

emanacia im msoflio logosisa, romelic adamianSi Tvlems" (`goeTe, Tu 

mistikosi", ìlioni" #1, 1922 : 30). 

da rodesac mSobeli eris fenomenis Semecneba surs mwerals swored 

im maradisobis karibWis SeRebas lamobs, sadac qarTvelTa ukvdavi suli 

Tvlems da swams, rom qarTvelTa pirvelsamyaro, pirvelqmnadoba udavod 

SegvaZlebinebs Cvenive momavali ganvsazRvroT. 

`Cveni istoriis traRedia iyo Cveni martooba, Tu istoriaSi marTlac 

arsebobs brma moira, es Cven Tavze axda. am gauxarelma moiram dagvakisra 

iseTi kulturuli - istoriuli amocanebi aRmosavleTSi, romlis 

ganxorcielebas Cveni saukeTeso energia da sisxli SevswireT. bedma pirSi 

migvca fanatikur aRmosavleTs. pioneri dasavleTis qristianuli 

civilizaciisa qarTveli eri jvars ecva qristes jvarisaTvis da 

qristianuli dasavleTi faqtiurad arasodes mogvSvelebia. dasavleTis 

qristianuli qveynebic ebrZodnen aRmosavleTs, magram maT mudam saerTo 

fronti hqondaT. Cveni mefeebi da mTavrebi mudam evropas uxmobdnen., mudam 

maSvelebs eZebdnen da gamoxmaureba mxolod delikatur epistolebSi 

ixateboda. dResac martoa qarTuli rasa" (`kargi evropieli", k. 

gamsaxurdia, t. VI. 1963 : 514). 

k. gamsaxurdias literaturul werilebsa da eseebSi kargad ikiTxeba 

is, rac mwerlis personaJebs awuxebT, is, rac maT erovnul 

msoflmxedvelobas qmnis, mwerlis sulidan momdinareobs. misi 

personaJebis tragedia, Tavad mwerlis tragediaa, tragedia sulis 

131

samSoblodakarguli adamianisa, romelsac TiTqos samSobloc aqvs, 

Tvistomnic gaaCnia, magram baraTaSvilis ar iyos, sulis manugeSebeli 

Zala mainc versad upovia, amasTan erTad, rogorc mwerlis personaJebi, 

ise Tavad mweralic im dakargulis maZiebelia, rac gaamTlianebs qveyanas, 

rac isev sulis samSoblod gadauqcevs saqarTvelos TiToeul qarTvels. 

verc imas vityviT, rom mxolod sabWouri wyobilebaa qarTvelTa sulis 

samSoblos mimtacebeli, andac mxolod ruseTis didmpyrobeluri 

politikidan iwyeba saqarTvelos ubedoba, magram is udavod aSkaraa, rom 

jer mefis ruseTma da Semdeg sabWoTa ruseTma saqarTvelos erovnuli 

tragedia imdenad gazarda, qarTveluri suli, samSoblosadmi 

ganusazRvreli siyvaruli, riTac yoveli qarTveli xasiaTdeboda 

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, TiTqmis daikarga. 

k. gamsaxurdia erovnuli energiis wyaros Soreul, arqaul sivrceSi 

eZebs, im drosa da ganzomilebaSi, rodesac adamians pirvelyofili 

mTlianoba Tan sdevda: `sulis arqaika - es am winaparTagan SemorCenili 

daumorCilebeli, bneli da idumali Zalebia, anu pirovnebis meore `me". 

berZnul miTologiaSi, demonad miCneuli, qristianobis mier satanad 

Seracxuli, literaturaSi mefistofelad saxeldebuli, adamianuri 

cnobierebis mier uaryofili da CaZiruli fsiqikis siRrmeSi. 

erTi mxriv - STagoneba, meore mxriv - sneuleba (SiSi da tkivili) 

gvabrunebs am mSfoTvare ZalebTan, realobad aRqmul warmosaxvasTan, 

aaqtivebs maT, aaqtivebs fizikur SegrZnebebs, aRqmas, gancdas, xedvas" 

(sigua 2007 : 111). rogorc moyvanili amonaridi migvaniSnebs, xelovneba 

TavisTavad moicavs mecnierebis Rrma Sreebsac da Tu xelovnebis yvela 

dargsa da mecnierebaSi ganswavluli araa Semoqmedi, igi verasodes 

Seqmnis xelovnebis iseT nimuSs, romlis cecxli saukuneebs gadaenTeba, k. 

gamsaxurdia swored is xelovania romlis Semecnebasa da gulisgulSi 

saukuneTa analebidan amokrebili codna da xelovnebis didi madlia 

davanebuli. swored aman SeaZlebina mas, rom udidesi grZnobisa da codnis 

sinTezirebiT mkiTxvelis Tvalwin saqarTvelos istoriuli warsuli da 

zogadad xelovnebis magiuri Zala gaeSuqebina, saidanac yovel qarTvels 

ZaluZs Tavisi erovnuli fesvebis siRrmis Secnoba da rac yvelaze 

mTavaria k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebas is xibli mohyveba, riTac yovel 

mokvdavs ZaluZs sakuTar sulSic Caixedos, sakuTari buneba da erovnuli 

132

suli Seicnos, radganac `...yoveli adamiani maqsimalurad Tavis unars 

gamoxatavs Sinagani, sasicocxlo Zalebis ukiduresi koncentrirebiT, rac 

sikvdils esazRvreba. am Zalebs gamoavlens Tavisuflebisaken swrafviT, 

rac Rebulobs sxvadasxva saxes - es iqneba Zalauflebis neba, siyvaruli 

da seqsi, masobirvi aRtkineba, gamarjvebis sixaruli Tu damarcxebis 

Zrwola, anu emociuri afeTqebiT. 

am Zalebs aseve gamoavlens uecari eiforia, sulieri tramva, 

melanqolia da depresia, Trobis eqstazi, ocneba da sizmris landebi, 

roca adamiani eSveba Sinasamyaros ufskrulSi da am CaZirviT maRldeba 

realobaze. 

aseT dros azris droSas miaqanebs vnebis da grZnobis qariSxali, goni 

iZireba emociebis nisleulSi, rac niSnavs uZvelesi SegrZnebisa da 

gancdis, sulisa da warmosaxvis gamoxmobas. sulis arqauli fenebis 

aRzevebas, radgan es aris dakarguli Zalmosilebis aRdgenis iluzia, imis 

miRweva, rac adamians waarTva inteleqtis progresma... 

... adamianis bunebaSi arseboben faruli sarezervo fizikuri da 

fsiqikuri Zalebi, romlebic amoqmeddebian ukiduresi gansacdelis Jams, 

sikvdil-sicoclis zRvarze an Zlieri gamRizianeblis faqtoriT.. 

aseTi gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba da erTi Zlieri gamRizianebeli 

SemoqmedisaTvis, moazrovnisaTvis aris sneuleba, oRond ara yvela aramed 

zogierTi, romelic zemoqmedebs tvinis, centraluri nervuli sistemis 

funqcionirebaze, roca Semoqmeds aqvs nebisyofa sikvdilis damSleli 

Zalis Semkavebeli, an Tavisuflebisaken swrafvis unari, roca es swrafva 

qceulia diad miznad" (sigua 2007 : 111). 

k. gamsaxurdias yvelaze saintereso mkvlevaris s. siguas es mosazreba, 

ra Tqma unda, TavisTavad sxva mkvlevarTa mosazrebis erTgvari Sejamebaa 

da gvixsnis adamianis da miTumetes, Semoqmedis sarezervo (faruli) 

Zalebis amofrqvevis SesaZleblobis Teorias. gvarwmunebs, rom yoveli 

kacTagani uTuod imaze meti da Rrmad fesvebgadgmulia warsulSi, vidre 

Cans., an vidre Tavad grZnobs amas da swored garkveul situaciebSi 

zogierTni maTganni, da upiratesad Semoqmedebi, axdenen am faruli 

energiis realizacias, maSin, rodesac mTeli arsebiT miiswrafian 

miznisaken, rodesac mTeli arsebiT ganicdian da SeigrZnoben gardasuli 

drois xmovanebas sakuTar sisxlsa da mTels arsebaSi. da am sisxlis 

133

mesxierebidan modis araCveulebrivi codna-Semecneba yovelivesi. k. 

gamsaxurdiac swored SemoqmedTa im kategorias miekuTvneba, romelic 

gulissisxliT qmnis Tavis nawarmoebebs, Zerwavs Tavis gmirebs Tu 

personaJebs da mkiTxvelsac im araCveulebrivi ZaliTa da madliT 

aRavsebs, rac swored pirvelqmnadobis miTiuri samyarodan amoaqvs mis 

arsebas. 

saiT miiswrafis es mefuri bunebis mwerali, saidan iwyeba misi 

msoflmxedveloba? ai kiTxva, romelic Zalauneburad gviCndeba misi 

Semoqmedebis Secnobisas. rogorc aRvniSneT, da Cvenamdec miuTiTebdnen 

sxvebi k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli cnobiereba uSores warsulSia 

fesvgadgmuli da saukuneTa labirinTebidan amoaqvs mas CvenTvis 

TvalSeudgami da CvenTvis naklebad sawvdomi is arqauli codna da 

sinamdvile, rac Cvens arsebaSic Tvlems. 

k. gamsaxurdias personaJebis personologiuri portretis Semecnebisas, 

maT pirovnebaSi ramdenime Sre SeiZleba gamovyoT da es arqauli Sre erT- 

erTi yvelaze metad saintereso monacemia, romelic am personaJTa 

srulyofili saxis Sesacnobadaa aucilebeli. swored amitomacaa, rom 

mklvevari s. sigua gamsaxurdias personaJebs mxolod erTi rakursiT ki ar 

warmogvidgens, miTologiur speqtrSi Wvrets maT arsebas da eris 

istorias, mis erovnul potencias miTosur aspeqtSi xsnis. 

`rac ufro Rrmad CavxedavT eris fsiqikas, istorias, xasiaTs, - miT 

ufro Seimecneba zogadi, ramdenadac sakacobrio motivebi sawyisi 

wertilis usasrulo sferuli gavrcobaa. SigniTken Sveuli swrafviT 

iZieba uZvelesi modeli, pirvelsawyisi, arqetipi: savarsamiZe - wm. 

konstanitnes, TaraSi - eramxuti, daviTi - bagrat IV; mariami - gorgona, 

arsakiZe - iakobi, Tamari - RvTismSobeli;. dedisimedi - afrotide, - gvanca- 

artemida, giorgi II - baxusi, vaxtangi - kimoTe da a.S. es aris mimsgavsebis 

da gaigivebis survili. arsi ucvlelia, magram dro cvalebadi. amitom 

gmiri ver egueba Tavis epoqas, yvela zedapiridan, centrisaken 

Cabrunebuli sxivi erT wertilSi erTdeba. 

... TaraSis cxovrebis gzas gansazRvravs misi sulieri arqetipi 

eramxut emxvari, rusT xelmwifis moZule, masTan brZolis msxverpli ... 

TaraSs ufro Soreuli winaparica hyavs - vardan hemuxvari .. eramxuti 

megrulad àram xuted" gamoiTqmis. eramxuti xalxuri saxelis 

134

literaturuli formaa. rogorc viciT, miTiur amirans megrul versiebSi 

aramxutu hqvia. 

amgvarad, TaraSis saxis asociaciur Ziebas amiranis miTamde 

mivyavarT svaneTSi myof TaraSs àmiranis Zali awveba mklavebSi," roca 

avtorma saboloo ganaCeni gamoutana Tavis gmirs, SeniSna: `guSin, guSinwin 

Wabuki amirani egona Tavi, bnel gvirabSi Zalis Semnaxveli", `Cvens amirans 

gvirabisTvis ver miugnia, sadac man Zala Seinaxa dRevandel dRisaTvis... 

isic unda movigonoT, rom amirani aris mTeli saqarTvelo da mtrebi 

ki yvav-yorani, (akaki wereTeli). amirani Zveli saqarTvelos mudmivi 

tanjvis, WirTa Tmenisa da brZolis xatia TaraSis sulis simi Soreulad 

mas uerTdeba, radgan misi arseba STanTqmulia warsulis mier: eramxutis 

saxiT igi istoriul saqarTvelos etrfis, rogorc gardasul saukuneTa 

Svili, msgavsebas poulobs amiranTan" (sigua 1989 : 90-93). 

TaraSis - rogorc personaJis arqauli Zirebis gaxsna miznobrivad 

ukavSirdeba Cvens gadasaWrel problemas - Tu ramdenad dominirebs k. 

gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebasa da mis personaJebSi dakarguli sazrisis da 

pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea, Tu ramdenad Soreul fesvebs 

ukavSirdeba TiToeuli personaJis personologiuri saxe da kidev erTic, 

ramdenadaa yovelive erovnul cnobierebasTan dakavSirebuli, qarTvelTa 

erovnuli cnobiereba iwyeba misi miTologiidan, misi warsulidan, im 

miTosuri gmirebis saxe-simboloebidan, romelTac Tavis droze didi 

zegavlena moaxdines qarTveli eris erovnul azrovnebaze. iseve rogorc 

TaraSi, gamsaxurdias sxva personaJebi da ar marto qarTvelebi, sxva rasis 

warmomadgenlebic, aseve miTosur-arqauli simbolikiTaa gaxsnili s. 

siguas mier, magram am SemTxvevaSi, Cven mier dasaxuli problemebis 

asaxsnelad TaraSis arqetipul saxeze dakvirvebac sakmarisad migvaCnia da 

garkveulad SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom Tavad k. gamsaxurdias cnobiereba 

imdenadaa Seziarebuli qarTul zepirsityvierebas, qarTul erovnul suls, 

rom misi personaJebic TiTqos am saukuneTa SreebSi ibadebian, izrdebian 

da saboloo srulqmnil saxes k. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebSi pouloben, 

amasTan erTad imdenadaa gaJRenTili pirvelqmnadobisa da erovnuli 

sulis atributebiT, SeuZlebelia naRdi qarTuli da TavisTavadi saxeebi 

ar SevicnoT maTSi da sabolood im daskvnamde ar mivideT, rom 

135

saqarTvelos dakarguli sazrisis aRdgena, iseve mis msoflmxedvelobaSi, 

mis erovnul ZalmosilebaSi unda moxdes. 

dakarguli sazrisis, anu Tanamedrove terminologiiT aracnobieris 

SreebSi CarCenili sinamdvilis Sesaxeb sainteresoa k. gustav-iungis 

mosazreba àracnobieris kompensacia kidev ufro metad gnostikuria. 

fizikuri procesebi miTologemis eniT saubrobs. inteleqtualuri 

formulireba verasdros SesZens miTosur suraT-xatebs iseT Rrma 

gamomsaxvel Zalas, rogorc amas miTologiuri ena aRwevs, radgan es 

procesi pirvelsaxesTan aris dakavSirebuli, amitom is mxolod xatovani 

eniT SeiZleba aRiweros" (gustav-iungi 2005 : 29). k. gamsaxurdias 

personaJebSi, rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT sainteresod ikiTxeba rogorc 

pirvelsaxe, ise zogadad miTologiuri modeli. 

TaraS emxvaris siguaseuli saxis interpretaciam gviCvena, rom 

gamsaxurdias personaJebi sinTezirebul saxeebs qmnian uSores warsulTan, 

saerTod warsulTan da TanamedroveobasTan mimarTebaSi - amirani - 

eramxuti - TaraSi es samsaxeoba xom advilad Sesamecnebelia emxvarisa, 

Tumca aqac ar Cerdeba mwerlis warmosaxva da karnu qalaqis gmiris 

vardan emxvaris saxesTan aigivebs igi mas. gamodis, rom dasaxelebul 

gmirTa sulieri saxe, TaraSis pirovnebaSi sxvadasxva Sreebs qmnis da 

araTu sazogadoebas, xSirad Tavadac uWirs emxvars sakuTar arsebaSi 

garkveva, romeli personis saxe dominantobs arsebul situaciaSi, masTanaa 

gaigivebuli TaraSis pirovneba. swored amitom gamsaxurdias personaJebi 

zogadad Zalian rTuli bunebis brZandebian, ramdenadac TviT maTi arsebis 

ZirebSi devs mravalsaxeoba, mravalxmianoba. 

`polifoniur romans baxtini mravalxmian romans uwodebs da cnobil 

musikalur termins damoukidebeli, magram erTmaneTTan mWidrod 

dakavSirebuli xmebis Tanaarsebobis saukeTeso gamoxatulebad miiCnevs... 

polifoniuri romanis personaJebi, baxtinis azriT, ar warmoadgenen 

avtoris mier marTvad da manipulirebad obieqtebs, homofoniuri anu 

erTxmiani romanisagan gansxavebiT, sadac avtori diriJoris pultidan 

xelmZRvanelobs personaJebiT dakompleqtebul orkestrs, polifoniuri 

romanis moqmedi pirebi damoukidebel subieqtebad gvevlinebian, metic, 

polifoniuri romanis personaJTa avtonomia avtoriseul avtonomias 

utoldeba, personaJis faseuli sityva avtoriseul faseul sityvas 

136

uTanabrdeba da xasiaTis Secnobis umniSvnelovanes komponentsac 

warmoadgens. 

amrigad, baxtiniseuli polifonia gulisxmobs personaJis xmis srul 

gaTavisulfebas avtoris xmis diqtatisagan... polifoniuri romanis 

personaJTa Tavisufleba mxatvruli Semoqmedebis limitirebul doneze 

realizdeba, anu personaJis warmoCenis avtoriseuli arCevani Tavad 

ubiZgebs avtors garkveuli mimarTulebiT moZraobisaken, magram es 

damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba avtoris Canafiqris nawilia, - wers 

baxtini. es Canafiqri erTgvarad ganawyobs gmirs Tavisuflebisaken 

(SefardebiTi Tavisuflebisaken rasakvirvelia). 

polifoniuri romanis analizis procesSi baxtini gansakuTrebul 

yuradRebas uTmobs avtoris fenomens - avtori moiazreba rogorc yvela 

xmis miRma mdgari ideuri da mxatvruli centri" (literaturis Teoria 

2008 : 45 ). 

miTiTebuli mosazrebidan romanis polifoniurobis problema 

sainteresod ixsneba da es polifoniuroba anu mravalxmianoba calkeuli 

personaJis mTlianobaSic SeiZleba vigrZnoT. rodesac personaJs 

arqetipuli Zirebi gaaCnia maSin da kidev ufro mZafrad aisaxeba es 

polifoniuroba miTumetes rodesac ramodenime arqetipuli fena SeiZleba 

gamovyoT gmiris mTliani saxis aRsaqmelad. es problema rogorc ukve 

vTqviT, wamoWra da saintereosd gadawyvita gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis 

mkvlevarma s. siguam, romelmac dagvarwmuna, gamsaxurdias calkeul 

personaJTa mravalsaxovan arqaul sistemaSi. sainteresod migvaCnia is 

faqti, rom TaraSis sulis arqetipuli wanamZRvrebi zogjer pirovnebis 

gaucxoebas, sakuTar TavTan konfliqtsa da TiTqmis gamanadgurebel 

winaaRmdegobas iwvevs, ratom dasWirda mwerals ase mravalSriani saxeebis 

asaxva, ratom erTgvari arqetipuli sistemiT qmnis personaJTa saxeebs? ra 

Tqma unda, yovelive zemoTqmulis Semdeg pasuxis gacema ar gagviWirdeba, 

pirvelqmnadobis Zirebidan unda amoitanos erovnuli suli qarTvelobisa, 

agrZnobinos da daarwmunos mkiTxveli, rom Cvens erovnul cnobierebas 

uSores warsulSi aqvs fesvebi gadgmuli, erovnuli Tavisuflebis idea 

sxvadasxva formiTa da SinaarsiT aRmocendeba da viTardeba Sesabamis 

epoqebSi. 

137

`konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebiT labirinTSi mesame gzac 

gailanda. mweralma scada Tavisi dekadenturi ganwyobilebani qarTul 

erovnul niadagze gadmoenerga da miTologiur-folklorul sawyisebze 

daemyno" (miSvelaZe 2000 : 232). miuTiTebs mkvlevari r. miSvelaZe da 

faqtiurad am miTologiur-folklorul sawyisebTan sinTezirebuli 

Tanamedroveoba individualur, sxvaTagan gansxvavebul formasa da 

Sinaarss aZlevs k. gamsaxurdias erovnul cnobierebas. 

amiranis erovnuli Zirebi, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi amSvenebs qarTul 

zepirsityvierebas da garkveulad misi sulis formireba epoqaTa 

Sesabamisad xdeba. Tu Cven mier uke miTiTebul TaraSis arqetipuli 

Zirebis sqemas moviSveliebT, Tamaris epoqaSi igi karnu qalaqis amRebi 

gmiri vardan emxvaria... ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobis pirobebSi es saxe 

ganicdis formirebas da axal dampyrobelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZol metad 

gamoucnobi saxis idumal gmirad - eramxut emxvarad gvevlineba. SeiZleba 

vTqvaT, rom emxvarebis arsebaSi amiranis sisxli mdinarebs da sabolood 

igi sruliad srulqmnili, mTliani adamianis _ TaraS emxvaris saxiT 

warmogvidgeba, romelsac mwerali ukve qarTvelTa maradiul sulad 

miiCnevs. es SeiZleba avxsnaT a. baqraZis mier daTa TuTaSxias maradiuli 

arsebobis rwmenasTan gamoTqmul mosazrebis TaraS emxvaris saxesTan 

SepirispirebiT. 

`daTa gvarad TuTaSxiaa, TuTaSxia `mTvaris dRis Svils niSnavs, 

maSasadame, daTa Svilia TuTaSxa-raindisa, wyali ki yoveli miTologiis 

Tanaxmad, ganaxleba-aRorZinebas gulisxmobs ùkeTu vinme ara iSves 

wylisagan da sulsa ver xelewifebis Sesvlad sasufevelsa RmrTisas" - 

kvers ukravs miToss ioanes saxarebac. es miTologiuri motivi kargad 

aris asaxuli sityvakazmul literaturaSic. 

zRvaSi ukvalod STanTqma daTa TuTaSxias kvlav aRorZinebas 

gulisxmobs. igi ukve gaxda sikeTis xorcSesxmuli saxe. axla meored unda 

movides, rom sabolood gabatondes da damkvidrdes" (baqraZe 1977 : 164). 

`sikvdilis gziT aRorZinebis motivs agrZelebs TaraSis survili: `Tu 

Tavis mokvla gadavwyvite, Cem sayvarel stiqions wyals unda mivakiTxoo" 

(II, 89). marTlac igi engurSi daixrCo. e.i. wyalSi sikvdils ver gaeqca. 

wylis RmerTi igri qarTul miTologiaSi sicocxlis sawyisia, xolo 

mdinare enguris saxeli am didebuli RmerTis saxelidan aris warmoebuli, 

138

igris sadidebeli Tve igrika, saba orbelianis ganmartebiT aprilia, TaraS 

emxvari ki engurSi swored aprilSi daixrCo (baqraZe, `mnaTobi", 1967 : 111- 

119). 

aqedan gamomdinare akaki baqraZe askvnis, rom aqac sikvdilis 

saSualebiT xelmeored aRorZineba-ganaxlebis azria gatarebuli, radgan 

TaraSis sikvdili im RmerTis saxelTan aris dakavSirebuli, romelic, 

marTalia, xandaxan sikvdils Tesda, magram mainc sicocxlis sawyisi iyo. 

konstantine gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi sikvdili saocrad Sors dgas 

dasasrulisagan. uamravi personaJi asrulebs sicocxles, magram es 

daRupva erTgvari dabadebaa. 

TaraS emxvars mTeli cxovreba Tan sdevda sikvdilze fiqri. marTlac 

da raoden saocaric ar unda iyos, sikvdilze fiqri adamians zogjer 

siamovnebas aniWebs. albaT, yovel CvenganSi devs dauokebeli, qvecnobieri 

swrafva im samyarosken, saidanac movdivarT, sadac odesRac gvicxovria, 

magram ara im gonebiT, romelic gvaqvs. goneba mxolod dedamiwaze 

arsebobisaTvis Seqmnila TiTqos. iq ki mxolod guli iyo... guli feTqavda, 

cocxlobda. es mogonebac guls Semounaxavs, mas axsovs mxolod, magram 

aramc da aramc ar umxels gonebas Tu vin iyo manamde, ra erqva, sad 

cxovrobda. is mxolod icdis da iTvlis SeuCerebliv.. 

da roca sisxli sabolood Semokravs ZarRvis kedels, guli 

daubrundeba WeSmarit samSoblos, raTa kvlav Sexvdes mas, visTvisac 

Seusvenebliv iTvlida wamebs. 

mTeli cxovreba sikvdilis faruli molodinis mizani ki ganaxlebaa, 

xelaxla Soba, oRond ara imave samyaroSi, sxva formiTa da TvisebebiT, 

aramed Soba imave suliT, oRond ganaxlebuli da ganwmendili arsebiT. 

sikvdilis Semdeg aRorZineba-ganaxlebis azrs TiTqmis erTxmad 

aRiarebs gansxvavebuli erovnebis, mrwamsisa Tu kulturis mqone 

adamianebi. 

miTologiaSic vpoulobT kvdomad da ganaxlebad RvTaebebs, radganac 

miTebSi uZvelesi adamianis samyarosadmi damokidebulebaa gadmocemuli. 

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom adreul saukuneebSi adamianis Sexeduleba igive 

iyo. 

139

sicocxle Tavis TavSi itevs sikvdils (yoveli cocxali mokvdavia) da 

piriqiT, sikvdili gulisxmobs xelaxla dabadebas, ganaxlebul 

sicocxles. 

am azris moSveliebiT ukve sarwmuno xdeba k. gamsaxurdias Canafiqri, 

rogorc imdroindeli kritika xsnida, TiTqos im sazogadoebis, zedmeti 

adamiani TaraS emxvari, sabolood iRupeba gaavebuli enguris talRebSi, 

Tumca engurSi daRupva xom `kvlav aRorZinebas gulisxmobs", ra Tqma unda, 

roca am aspeqtSi davinaxavT emxvaris pirovnebas, yovlive Tavis adgilze 

dgeba da mwerlis rTuli da saintereso Canafiqric saTanado 

mizandasaxulebas iZens. Tanac naTeli xdeba isic, rom qarTvelTa 

erovnuli sulis formireba k. gamsaxurdias personaJebSi srulqmnilebas 

aRwevs da misi gaqroba araviTar Zalas ar SeuZlia, istoriis romel 

monakveTs, romel epoqasac ar unda asaxavdes mwerali, TavisTavad iseT 

mxatvrul sinamdviles SegvagrZnobinebs, rac umeteswilad STambeWdav 

erovnul grZnobebs aRviZebs mkiTxvelSi. rogorc mwerlis 

TanamedroveobaSi, ise saqarTvelos uSores warsulSic Cvens 

Tanamedroveebs mkveTri erovnuli poziciebi hqondaT da iSviaTad Tu 

gamoereoda erSi am erovnul interesTa moRalate. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom 

mwerali gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi am antierovnuli ideebis gamomxatvel 

saxeebsac warmoaCens da upiratesad imisaTvis, konfliqturi koliziebi 

yovelTvis acocxlebs da sainteresos xdis TviT mxatvrul nawarmoebebs. 

rac Seexeba Tavad avtors, misi miswrafebaa erovnul gmirTa saxeebis 

rTul da maRalmxatvrul literaturul konteqstSi warmodgena da am 

azris damadasturebelia daviT aRmaSeneblis saxis ase gamowvlilviT, ase 

RrmaSinaarsianad da saintereso mxatvruli speqtriT warmosaxva. mTeli es 

farToplaniani romani, upiratesad erTi daniSnulebiT warmoCindeba, 

SegvagrZnobinos qarTvelTa erovnuli TviTmyofadoba. samarTlianad 

miuTiTebs a. nikoleiSvili `k. gamsaxurdias romanis umTavresi Rirseba, 

pirvel yovlisa, swored am faruli, Sinagani urTierTdapirispirebulobis 

Cveneba mgonia. mweralma Zala da energia ar daiSura Tavisi drois 

mTvlemare qarTuli cnobierebis gamosaRviZeblad da daviT aRmaSeneblis 

RvTaebrivi xatis SeqmniT erTxel kidev Seaxsena qarTvel kacs, `visi 

gorisaa" igi, vin unda gaixados kerpad da ra gziT unda iaros 

maradiulad" (nikoleiSvili 2007 : 206). 

140

es mardiuli gza, ra Tqma unda moicavs rogorc qarTuli erovnuli 

cnobierebis warsuls, ise Tanamedroveobasac, da k. gamsaxurdias yvela 

romanSi, novelasa da werilSi dominirebs. mwerlisTvis erovnuli 

cnobierebis myari Senoba imdenad konkretuli da xilvadia, rom 

mkiTxvelisTvisac misawvdomi xdeba misi mveTri konturebi ra 

problemasac, ra epoqasac ar unda asaxavdes igi da sulac rom dacildes 

asasaxavi sagani da movlena erovnul azrovnebas, sabolood SeiZleba 

moinaxos raRac Strixebi, romelic Cvens aRqmas mainc miaaxloebs erovnul 

fesvebTan, zogjer es azri pirdapiri xaziT mdinarebs, zogjer alegoria - 

simboloebiT zogjer Sedareba - SepirispirebiT da zogjer 

kontrastirebis gziTac ki. 

TiTqmis erT gverdzea ganfenili novela `dedav, mistiuro qalo!~ 

magram TiTqos epoqebi cocxldeba masSi, qarTvelTa maradisobis 

sadRegZelodaa igi warmoTqmuli. da ara marto konkretuli dedis, 

saqarTvelos mTeli warsulisa da Tanadroulobis miTi cocxldeba am 

patara novelaSi. 

`giyureb bnel TvalebSi, meSinia, Cemi warsulis, SoriT modixar viT 

avestas moxuci mogvi welSi moxrili, rogorc mSvildi Cemi bavSvobis, 

minda vitiro, rom me ase axalgazrda var, ase moxuci deda myolia, 

kiTxulob Cems nawerebs. guli mtkiva, Cemi ar gesmis. 

Sen xom gaigeb, roca avad var, is ki ar gesmis, Tu ra stkiva am Cem 

ukvdav suls. giyureb, gxedav da Sens TvalebSi melandeba daRaluli 

sisxlis bneli warsuli. vin Segexvewa nacnob mindvrebSi gazrdili, 

sinaTlis mwvervalisaken, rom amisrole" (gamsaxurdia I, 1992 : 72). 

sicocxlisa da mSobliuris idumal gancdasTan erTad, saqarTvelos 

warsulis, qarTuli sisxlis ukvdavi mdinarebis xmac gvesmis da vgrZnobT, 

Tu ramdenadaa gajerebuli mwerlis suli maTi arsebiT, rogor wams 

naciebi vel-mindvrebis da mSobliuri sisxlis Zala. Zala, romelic k. 

gamsaxurdias yvela nawarmoebs mohvyeba da Cveni eris maradiulobas 

Segvacnobinebs. dedis saxe TiTqmis yvela novelasa Tu romanSi ise 

warmoisaxeba mwerlis mier, Tavisdauneburad asocirdeba samSoblosTan, 

saqarTvelos tkiviliani warsuli Tu Tanamedroveoba esaxeba masTan 

dakavSirebiT mkiTxvels. Tvali gadavavloT Tundac sxva novelebs: 

`damsxvreuli Conguri", `qarTuli Cabalaxi", `qalis rZe" da sxvebi, 

141

omlebSic qalisa Tu dedis saxe iseT simbolur WrilSi ixateba 

saqarTvelos da mis imJamindel mdgomareobas SevicnobT. mwerlis xedva 

sagangebodaa mimarTuli dedisa da samSoblosaken. dedasac da 

samSoblosac erTi aspeqtiT grZnobs da Wvrets mwerlis guli da Tvali. 

erTi ram aris kidev saintereso k. gamsaxurdias rogorc novelebSi, 

ise romanebSi. TiTqmis yvelgan xazgasmulia qarTveli qalis is 

arCveulebrivi Tvisebebi, romelic xazgasmiT warmogvidgens dedis 

simbolos - sikeTis, simSvidesa da qalurobas da amasTan erTad mkiTxvels 

yovelTvis gvaZlevs qarTveli da ucxoeli qalis Sepirispirebis 

saSualebas. `lil", erT-erTi saukeTeso novelaa gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebaSi, masSi saintereso da idumali ungreli qalis saxe ixateba. 

mweralTan erTad Cvenc moxibluli vrCebiT am uzado mSvenierebiT, sanam 

farda ar Camoexsneba yovelives da Tavad eqimi Saruxia ar auxels Tvals 

lilis mSvenierebiT gatacebul mwerals, rogorc Tavad mwerali 

migviTiTebs, garegnobiT lilis kontrastuli saxea provizoris coli. 

aseve kontrasts qmnis lil qarTvelqalobis zogad saxesTan. mwerlis 

saboloo daskvna eqim Saruxias piriTaa gacxadebuli `rogor gvatyuebs 

Cveni Tvali" (gamsaxurdia I, 1992 : 62), SeiZleba ganvazogadoT kidec da 

vTqvaT, rom rogorc lil-is idumali mSvnierebaa yalbi da moCvenebiTi, 

aseve sulierTan dacilebuli forma da garegnoba qalisa arafris 

mTqmelia, marTalia qarTveli qalis fizikur mSvenierebazec bevri ram 

dawerila, magram vfiqrobT, yvelaze aRmafrTovanebeli mSveniereba 

qarTveli qalisa misi erovnuli suli da TvalTaxedvaa, moyolebuli 

`didostatis marjvenidan", romeli personaJic ar unda aviRoT k. 

gamsaxurdias qarTveli gmiri qalebis saxeebidan, yvela maTgans 

gansakuTrebuli qaluri xibli gaaCnia. aseve gansakuTrebuli siyvaruli 

aqvT samSoblos da zogadad adamianisa. mwerlis romanebis umSvenieresi 

qalebi umeteswilad siyvarulis tarigebia, magram yovelTvis vgrZnobT 

aalebul sanTlis mSvenierebas, romelic sabolood dasawvavadaa 

ganwiruli. magram Tundac, erTxel gamziarebelni didi grZnobis am ubedo 

wuTisofelSi, imden fizikur da sulier mSvenierebas afrqveven, 

qarTvelqalobis simbolod iqcevian. SemTxveviTi faqti arc isaa, rom k. 

gamsaxurdias ase emarjveba qarTveli qalis srulfasovani da erovnuli 

suliT gajerebuli saintereso saxis asaxva. yvelaferi, rasac k. 

142

gamsaxurdias kalami exeba erovnulobis safuZvliani da didi dakvirvebis 

Sedegad gamotanili daskvnaa, rac gvarwmunebs, rom upirvelesad Tavad 

mweralia didi mamuliSvili da erovnulis didad damfasebeli. 

erovnulobis is Tvisobrioba, riTac gamsaxurdias personaJebi 

xasiaTdebian, gvarwmunebs masSi, rom Tavad mwerlis erovnuli 

msoflmxedveloba imdenad Rrma da Zlieria, rom misi warmosaxva avtors 

sxvadasxva aspeqtiT uxdeba da rac yvelaze metad sainteresoa, sxvadasxva 

asakis, sxvadasxva socialuri mdgomareobisa da Tundac gansxvavebuli 

sqesis adamianebSi erovnuli suli yovelTvis dominantobs da gvarwmunebs 

masSi, rom am saukuneTa labirinTebidan swored erovnulobis mZafrma 

grZnobam gamoiyvana da gadaarCina saqarTvelo. erovnulobis is 

pirvelqmnadobis SegrZneba rac konstantine gamsaxurdias mTeli 

Semoqmedebidan da misi gmirebis bunebidan momdinareobs, TavisTavad 

erTgvari stimulia xvalindeli qarTuli genisaTvis sulSi amoitvifros 

da kidev ufro metad gaiRrmavos Tavisi erovnulobis msoflgancda. 

mivuTiTeT, imis Sesaxebac, rom k. gamsaxurdias gmirTa galerea sakmaod 

mravlaferovania socialuri warmoSobis aspqetiTac, magram isic 

aRsaniSnavia, rom ara aqvs mniSvneloba mefea es gmiri, Tavadi, aznauri, 

glexi Tu sul arafrismqone bogano - yvela maTganis SemecnebaSi devs 

samSoblos xati, samSoblos siyvarulis grZnoba. am grZnobiT aRsavse 

qarTvelebi gmirobisa da mamacobis farTo speqtrs warmogvidgenen k. 

gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebSi da gvarwmuneben eriskacoba, erisSviloba es 

yvelaze maRali wodebacaa yovelive kacTaganisa da yvelaze didi 

movaleoba qveynis winaSe. saerTod k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi rogorc 

geografiuli moqmedebis arenaa metad farTo da mravalmxrivi, ise 

personaJTa erovnuli Camomavlobaa mravalferovani, Tumca `ZiriTadad 

yuradRebis areSi moqceulia qarTveli adamiani, romelSic Rvivis 

saqarTvelos warsuli, awmyo da mermisi. globaluri analizi am 

problemisa, misTvis individualuri formis miniWeba da arsis dadgena, 

nairgvari sistemiT realizdeba. qarTvelebTan erTad mweralma gamoiyvana 

germanelebi, frangebi, italielebi, somxebi, rusebi, ukrainelebi, yivCaRebi, 

berZnebi... magram ucxo erovnebis adamianTa fsikiqis, qcevisa da 

temperamentis gamoxatva TavisTavad Znelia. es ufro uWirs qarTvel 

Semoqmeds, radgan rogorc qarTuli ena dgas gankerZoebiT da Tavis 

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garSemo ikrebs iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa wres, ise qarTvelis bunebac 

Rrmad individualuri da gansxvavebulia im erovnebis SvilTagan, romelTa 

asaxvac mweralma moindoma" (sigua 1989 : 238) k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebaze 

dakvirvebiT SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna, _ rac ase mkveTrad ganasxvavebs 

qarTvels sxva eris SvilTagan, es erovnulobis is grZnobaa, romelsac 

dedis rZesTan erTad iTvisebs yvela qarTveli da mTeli sasicocxlo 

energiac, sisxlxorceuladaa dakavSirebuli am grZnobasTan. 

saerTod k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli msoflmxedveloba rainduli 

saqarTvelos mijnas uaxlovdeba. rogorc s. sigua miuTiTebs `k. 

gamsaxurdias ar gauvlia `cxovrebis universitetebi~, ar gacnobia muSaTa 

klasis cxovrebas. amitom misTvis es Tema ucxo da Soreuli iyo, Tavisi 

pirveladi, bavSvuri midrekilebaa filosofiuri dasabuTeba hpova 

evropul, kerZod fr. nicSes filosofiaSi, romelic subieqturad miiRo 

da gaiazra. k. gamsaxurdias yvela mTavari personaJi Zlieri da 

gansakuTrebuli pirovnebaa (savarsamiZe, taia Selia, xogais mindia, 

mzeWabuki, TaraSi, arzayani, lomkac esvanjia, qora maxvSi, tagu, giorgi I, 

arsakiZe, goete, juRaSvili, daviTi, korinTeli da sxv.) an yvelaferi, an 

araferi - aseTia gmirTa devizi. 

yvela maTgans amoZravebs rainduli suli, utexi da jiuti xasiaTi. 

maT ar ician ra aris wuwuni, sikvdilis SiSi, laCruli gansja. 

savarsamiZe, TaraSi, arzayani, vardaniZe, zedginiZe, giorgi, daviTi TiTqos 

Tavad etanebian xifaTs, Tavad daeZeben sikvdils, savarsamiZe exmareba 

germanel revolucionerebs, imitom ki ara, rom maT saqmes TanaugrZnobs: 

`Cemi revolucioneroba vin gaigona, didi xania omSi ar vyofilvar, srola 

momenatra, mitomac mogexmareT, TaraSi uSiSrad Seebmeba jamleT tarbas... 

personaJebis qeduxreli, bunebis sawyisia meomruli suli, isini 

mxedrebad daibadnen, savarsamiZe, vardaniZe, TaraSi, korinTeli, guluxaiZe, 

elaniZe potenciuri meomrebi arian, maT ar acviaT jariskacis faraja, 

zogi uqmad levs cxovrebas, zogic TavganwirviT Sromobs, magram, pirvel 

yovlisa, meomrebi arian, radgan adamiani brZolisa da tanjvisaTvis 

gaCnda... 

fizikur Zalas, didi ganaTlebac, sulieri simamacec gansazRvravs. 

gmirTa Smagi temperamenti. daumcxrali neba, temperamenti nacionaluri 

xasiaTis gamoxatulebaa, adamianis sasicocxlo energiaa... 

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... mwerlis mizani iyo qarTuli xasiaTis gaazreba, qarTuli yofis 

nacionaluri bunebis gansazRvra, amitom aRadgina warmarTuli misteriebi, 

gamoixmo miTosuri personaJebi, gaamiTa Tavad sinamdvile, raTa uZvelesi 

droidan dRevandelobamde Seekriba mxolod qarTuli, erovnuli 

ganumeorebeli Tvisebani da niSnebi, Tundac gamqrali, raTa ase Seeqmna, 

daedgina ganesazRvra, qarTuli suli, qarTuli yofa... amitomac Tavis 

miswrafebis alamdarebad swored Zlieri pirovnebani gamohyavs, romelnic 

mkveTrad avlenen nacionalur fsiqikas da cnobierebas" (sigua 1989 : 255). 

xSirad ukiJinebdnen mwerals, rom mis nawarmoebebSi gardasuli 

epoqebi, upiratesad mefeebisa da Tavadazanurebis portretebi ixateboda, 

Tumca esec mizanmimarTuli moqmedeba iyo mwerlisagan. mis mier mxatvrul 

sinamdviled qceuli saukuneebi qarTvelTa yofisa, iyo erovnulobis 

mZafri grZnobebis gamoxatuleba saqarTveloSi. am epoqebSi ido gasaRebi 

erovnuli cnobierebis ZiriTadi principebisa, rac amaRlebda TiToeuli 

qarTvelis erovnul cnobierebas da ra Tqma unda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo is, 

rom swored am saukuneebis siRrmidan amohqonda mwerals erovnuli 

cnobierebis naSTebi da surda axal WrilSi daenaxvebina igi 

TanamemamuleTaTvis, amasTan erTad Tanamedroveobis barbarosuli wnexi 

ise ver exeboda saukuneebidan amozidul mxatvrul sinamdviles, rogorc 

Tanamedroveobas. 

rac ufro metad iWreba saukuneebis siRrmeSi mwerlis TvalTaxedva, 

naTeli xdeba, rom igi aSkarad asaxavs SesaZlebel da zogjer erovnul 

Semecnebidan gamomdinare, sasurvel sinamdviles. amitomac aris, rom 

mkiTxveli ase didi interesiTa da grZnobiT ecnoba gardasul saukuneTa 

xmovanebas da rwmundeba, rom es didebuli warsuli udaod gulisxmobs 

sasurvel momavals da Tundac es faqtic naTlad warmogvidgens k. 

gamsaxurdias mxatvruli sityvis daniSnulebas, gvacnobs qarTvelTa 

saukuneTa labirinTebSi danTqmul erovnul sulsa da msoflmxvedlobas. 

miuxedavad imisa k. gamsaxurdias istoriul romanebSi qarTveli mefeebi da 

Tavadaznaurebi arian ZiriTadi moqmedebis warmmarTveli, romanebis 

gmirebi Tu personaJebi, mainc sainteresod ikiTxeba mTeli qveynis 

erovnuli msoflgancda, kargad igrZnoba, rom erovnuli mTlianobis idea 

mTeli saqarTvelos sulier gamoxatulebas da daniSnulebas warmoadgens. 

eris mTlianoba kargad aisaxeba moZalebul mtrebTan brZolaSi da 

145

gansakuTrebiT sainteresod ikiTxeba igi daviT aRmaSeneblis droindel 

saqarTveloSi. Tanac erTi faqticaa saintereso, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba 

aqvs mefis, qveynis Tavkacis ganwyobas, mis bunebas. erovnuli, samSoblosa 

da xalxisaTvis Tavdadebisa da TavSewirvis grZnobiT gandidebuli suli 

daviT aRmaSeneblisa, mTel saqarTvelos erT muStad kravs, mTel ers 

samSoblosadmi Tavdadebis grZnobiT aRanTebs. da qarTvelTa es erovnuli 

suli kargad aisaxeba ara marto im omebSi, romlebic daviTis 

mTavarsardlobiT gamarjvebiT dagvirgvinda, aramed zogadad saero 

cxovrebaSi. xalxis rwmena saqarTvelosTvis TavSewiruli gmirisadmi. 

bunebrivia da TiToeuli qarTvelis gulSi SeuZlebelia tkivilis 

grZnobas ar iwvevdes daviTis sityvebi, sayvareli da erT dros saocnebo 

dedisimedisadmi mimarTuli: `mapatie dao Cemo, Seni da Cemi sicocxle 

saqarTvelos rom Sevwire tarigad" (`daviT aRmaSenebeli~, 795). 

es sityvebi naTlad gvarwmunebs masSi, rom rogorc didi xelovneba 

moiTxovs gulisisxls safasad, aseve yoveli didi saqmeca da mizanic 

gulisisxlsa da xSirad sicocxlesac iTxoven safasad da rodesac didi 

mizniskenaa gezaRebuli adamiani, man aucileblad unda gaacnobieros is, 

rom yvela bomoni mTel sicocxles moiTxovs msxverplad. araTu brZenma 

mefeebma, Cveulebrivma rigiTma qarTvelebmac kargad uwyodnen es da 

amitomac Jamidan Jamze Tavganwirvisa da TavSewirvis metad mkacri 

realoba, leqsisa da simReris ideadac ki iqceva. qarTvelisTvis 

upirvelesad samSobloa is bomoni, romelic sicocxles moiTxovs safasad. 

yovelTvis am SegrZnebiT iyo gajerebuli qarTvelTa suli da albaT, es 

grZnoba iyo im saocar omebSi gamarjvebis masuldgmulebeli, swored 

amitom iyo, rom isec eTnikurad mcirericxovan qarTvelebs, araerTgzis 

gaunadgurebiaT, Zlieric da auracxeli mteri. es asec unda yofiliyo, 

radganac qarTvelTa gmirobam da raindobam Seqmna axali Tvisobrioba, 

romelic mudmiv gamarjvebasa da aRmasvlas moutanda ers daviTisa da 

Tamaris Semdgom epoqaSi. 

saerTod k. gamsaxurdias warmosaxvis geografiuli sivrce metad 

mravalferovania. didi codnisa da mravlismnaxveli Tu SemgrZnobi Tvali 

mwerlisa, TiTqmis mTeli sisruliT gvixatavs, rogorc istoriul 

viTarebas sxva qveynebisas, ise maT kulturul Zeglebs, maT geografiul 

146

landSafts da rac yvelaze mTavaria, maT erovnul saxes da amis Semdeg 

warmoudgenelic iqneboda saqarTvelos, am teritoriulad isec patara 

qveynis geografiuli landSafti da misi kulturuli Zeglebi ase 

rudunebiTa da sainteresod ar aesaxa mwerals. mwerlis erovnuli suli 

kargad Cans masSi, rom saqarTvelos yvela mxare da am mxaris istoriuli 

Zeglebi, zogjer maTi Seqmnis istoriac ise Rrmad da STambeWdavad 

aisaxeba, vfiqrobT, TiTqos yovlismomswre iyo mwerali, TiTqos ara marto 

dRes SemorCenili realoba, gardasuli saukuneebic xilvadi da 

maxlobeli iyo misTvis. farTo da mravalferovania k. gamsaxurdias 

gmirTa galerea, Tavad qarTvelTa calkeuli kuTxeebis warmomadgenelTa 

TvalsazrisiTac, mwerali didi siyvaruliT gvixatavs svaneTis mdidar da 

Tvalwarmtac bunebas, magram arc svani xalxis Svilebi aviwydeba da maTi 

brZolisunarianoba, maTi gmiruli suli Tavad k. gamsaxurdias 

Semoqmedebas amSvenebs da amiT ufro ganivrcoba da mdidrdeba mwerlis 

erovnuli Tvalsawieri. am faqts metad mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs s. sigua, igi 

wers `giorgi I, giorgi II, daviT IV, lipariti am mravaltanjuli mxaris 

Svilebi arian, mecnierTa didi nawili, maT Soris n. mari fiqrobs, rom 

isini lazebi iyvnen (baRuaSi lazuri sityvaa da qarTulad udris 

`bavSvaZes"). 

mkiTxvelis warmodgenaSi kvlav cocxldeba da xorcs isxams ocneba 

samSoblos miRma darCenil miwebsa da Zmebze. mwerali isev nacionaluri 

Zirebisken eSveba. T.s. eliotis sityvebi rom moviSvelioT k. gamsaxurdia 

imitom eSveboda rogorc sakuTari xalxis bavSvobis fskerze, rom 

momavlisaken gza gaekveTa. mwerals Tu mTavar personaJad ara, romanis 

rigiT monawiled mainc yoveli kuTxis Svili gamohyavda, mag: svani (qariman 

setieli), Takvereli (Saman erisTavi, gvanca da jondi) fxoveli - es 

termini aerTebs mTels mTiuleTs (mamamze, Talakva, Sorena), ingilo 

(giorgi mefes avazebi mohgvra), xevsuri (xogais mindia) da a.S. qarTli, 

kaxeTi, imereTi, samegrelo da afxazeTi misi personaJebis samoqmedo 

zonaa, saqarTvelos xerxemali" (sigua 1989 : 263). 

qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis gaRrmavebis erT-erTi aucilebeli 

piroba qveynis teritoriuli Seswavlisa da aRqmis sakiTxicaa usaTuod, 

147

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi mcxovrebi gansxvavebuli tomebis gacnoba 

da maTi saerTo erovnuli rakursiT warmosaxva amtkicebs qarTul 

erovnul cnobierebas. amasTan erTad saqarTvelos istoriuli warsulis 

codna da mis erovnul fesvebs ziareba amdidrebs qarTveli adamianis 

zneobriv monacemebs. mTlianad erTa Serwymis politika, romelic sabWoTa 

ideologias axasiaTebda, emuqreboda am calkeuli eTnosebis 

individualur Tvisebebs da migvaniSnebda, rom es asimilirebis procesi 

TiToeuli maTganis gaqrobiTa da nivelirebiT unda damTavrebuliyo. 

k. gamsaxurdias miswrafeba, istoriuli warsulis fonze gamoesaxa 

mTeli Cveni erovnuli problemebi uTuod imiTac iyo gamowveuli, rom 

istoriuli butaforia saSualebas iZleoda Tanamedroveobis did 

tkivilebze mieniSnebina erisaTvis. am azrs sainteresod aviTarebs a. 

nikoleiSvili: 

`rogorc cnobilia, k. gamsaxurdias istoriul JanrTan dakavSirebiT 

Tavisi mkveTrad gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi hqonda Camoyalibebuli, igi 

Tvlida, rom araviTari istoriuli romani ar arsebobs, rom istoria 

mxolod masalaa mwerlisaTvis Tanamedroveobis miswrafebaTa 

gamosaxtavad. amgvari Teoriis avtori, bunebrivia daviT aRmaSeneblis 

Sesaxeb daweril romans, marto gardasul epoqis asaxvas ar dausaxavda 

miznad da masSi dasmul problemebs Tanamedrove yofasac ganuyofelad 

daukavSirebda. es marTlac asea. 

`daviT aRmaSenebeli" sabWoTa epoqis saWirboroto problemebTan 

genetikurad Sesisxlxorcebuli romania da masSi Cveni istoriuli 

warsulis bevri problema swored am kuTxiT, mkafiod gamovlenili 

simbolur-alegoriuli formiTaa gaazrebuli. 

`daviT aRmaSenebeli", vfiqrobT, erTi mTavari mizniTac Seiqmna: es iyo 

mZafri Sinagani protestis gamoxatva im politikuri procesebisadmi, 

romlebic imJamad mTels sabWoTa imperiasa da mis erT uuflebo nawilad 

qceul fsevdo-respublikaSi - saqarTveloSi aRzevebuliyo. am protests 

ramdenime mniSvnelovani faqtori gansazRvravda. jer erTi 

Tanamedroveobaze marTali sityvis Tqma, faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli gaxda. 

socialisturi realizmis mxatvrul-SemoqmedebiTi meTodi, romelic 

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partiam da xelisuflebam Cveni mwerlobis magistralur mimarTulebad 

gamoacxada, mwerals avaldebulebda movlenebi mkveTrad gamovlenili 

ideologiuri tendenciurobiT gamoexata da xotba Seesxa sabWoTa 

sinamdvilisaTvis. 

meorec `daviT aRmaSeneblis" monumenturi mxatvruli saxis SeqmniT k. 

gamsaxurdiam cada `manqurTizmis" tyveobisagan daexsna Cveni erovnuli 

cnobiereba da ideologiuri bangisagan Sokirebuli qarTveli kacis 

gonebis Tvali Cveni istoriis yvelaze didi simaRleebisaken miepyro" 

(nikoleiSvili VII 2006 : 204). 

miuxedavad Zalmomreobis pirobebSi moqcevisa, qarTuli erovnuli 

energia grovdeboda, viTardeboda da mizanswrafuli xdeboda. 

simboloebiTa da alegoriebiT qarTveli mwerlebi da zogadad 

Semoqmedebi bevr rameze mianiSnebdnen da droTa ganmavlobaSi naTeli 

xdeboda, Tu raoden didi Secdoma iyo qarTvelTa rwmena, rom 

erTmorwmune ruseTis safarqveS saqarTvelo erovnul TviTmyofadobas 

SeinarCunebda. winaparTagan daSvebul Secdomebs aSkarad grZnobdnen k. 

gamsaxurdia da misi Tanamedroveni, magram istoriul avbediTobas 

globaluri anarqiac emateboda da ase aRmoCnda im droisaTvis uZluri 

saqarTvelo jer ruseTis Tvimpyrobelobisa da Semdeg `wiTeli ruseTis" 

uRelqveS. is ideuri propaganda, riTac ruseTma SeZlo damkvdireba 

saqarTveloSi, kidev ufro metad gamanadgurebeli iyo erovnuli sulisa, 

vidre mefis TviTmpyrobelobis aSkarad dampyrobluri politika. 

ara marto k. gamsaxurdias personaJebi, Tavad mwerali Tavis uaxloes 

Tanamoazreebsa da megobrebTan erTad aSkarad amxelda da winaaRmdegobas 

uwevda moZalebul ideologiur Semotevebs, Tundac `SavCoxosnobac" xom 

udidesi protesti iyo, qarTvelTa mgloviarobis es forma erovnuli 

sulis mZafri gamoxatulebaa. k. gamsaxurdias rogorc erovnuli 

azrovneba, ise misi antisabWouri qmedebebi SeuniSnavi arc xelisuflebas 

da miTumetes qarTvel ers ar rCeboda, magram am protests TviT 

xalxisaTvis araviTari Sedegi ar mohyva, radganac ideurad da 

politikurad gaZlierebuli ruseTi ukve namdvilad saSiS Zalas 

warmoadgenda, Tumca miuxedavad aseTi viTarebisa, k. gamsaxurdias xeli 

149

arasodes auRia arc erovnul azrovnebaze da arc antisabWour 

moqmedebebze. 

akaki baqraZe miuTiTebs: 

àravin daugdo yuri, Torem konstantine gamsaxurdiam didi xis winaT 

amxila ruseTis imediT yofnis ususuroba da uniadagoba." 

`dimitri yifians egona: rusis mefe kargia, rusis mefes saqarTvelo 

uyvars da pativs scems saqarTvelos Tavad-aznaurobis istoriul 

garantiebs. mxolod rusis ministrebi ar vargan. 

noe Jordania da arCil jorjaZe fiqrobdnen erT dros: ar varga 

rusis mefe, arc rusis ministrebi, arc rusis Jandarmeria. yvelani 

mtrulad ganwyobili arian Cvendami, kargia rusis demokratia. 

dRes zogierTebi fiqroben: yvela-yvela da rusis msaxiobebi da rusis 

mwerali es kulturis warmomadgenelni arian, Cven isini gviyvars. 

Cven sul sxvanairad vfiqrobT, yvela kargia Tavis adgilas, Tavis 

dros da Tavis qveyanaSi. Cven gvaqvs Cveni gezi, Cveni mwerloba, Cveni 

kulturuli politika da yvelas imdenad davafasebT, ramdenadac isini 

Cven angariSs gviweven da sargeblobas mogvitanen. 

Tu qarTveli xalxi da qarTuli mwerloba ar iqneba Tavisufali, ar 

ivlis Tavisi gziT, verc eri da verc mwerloba ver gaxdeba 

sruluflebiani TavisTavadi wevri kacobriobisa, universumisa, rogorc 

Cveni xalxi, ise Cveni mwerloba mudam darCeba sxvisi Crdili, Crdili ki 

yvelas kargad moexseneba, ra iolad qreba" (baqraZe 1990 : 221). 

akaki baqraZe am SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadad k. gamsaxurdias azris 

Tavisebur interpretaciasac gvaZlevs, magram baqraZis moRvaweobis dros 

istoriuli xazi ruseTTan mimarTebaSi ukve gamokveTili iyo, kargad 

Canda, rom xelovnurad SekavSirebulma socialisturma struqturam ver 

gaamarTla. faqti saxeze iyo. am Temaze azris gamoTqma Tu wera, ukve im 

saSiSroebas ar qmnida, rogorc es k. gamsaxurdias moRvaweobis dros iyo. 

praqtika aris WeSmaritebis kriteriumi - am aqsiomas Tu k. 

gamsaxurdias erovnul azrovnebasTan dakavSirebiT gamoviyenebT im 

daskvnamde mivalT, rom saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmanTavisuflebeli 

moZraoba, swored k. gamsaxurdias naazrevis praqtikuli gamovlineba iyo. 

150

mainc ra aZlevda k. gamsaxurdias pirovnebas aseT Zalasa da 

SemarTebas erovnul poziciaze mdgariyo da kalmiT Tu saqmiT ebrZola 

qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobierebis SefxizlebisaTvis im epoqaSi, rodesac 

erTi sityvac ki sicocxlis fasad ujdebodaT adamianebs. 

mwerali pirdapiri Tu alegoriuli azriT gamudmebiT erovnul ideebs 

qadagebda da yovelTvis mzad iyo qveynis TavisuflebisaTvis ebrZola, 

andac am brZolas Sewirvoda. rwmena qarTvelTa erovnuli sulsa da 

uRrmesi codna saqarTvelos istoriis, saqarTvelos kulturisa da misi 

xalxis udidesi sulieri potenciisa, romelTac Zala SeswevdaT, Tu 

ruseTis agresiisgan ixsnidnen Tavs damdgariyvnen erad sxva erTa Soris. 

k. gamsaxurdias miaCnda, rom damoukideblobisa da TviTmmarTvelobis 

SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo Tavis momavals miznobrivad warmarTavda da 

erovnuli mTlianobisa da Tavisuflebis ideiT aRfrTovanebuli qarTveli 

msoflios Tavis saxes daanaxvebda, rac dResdReobiT SeuZlebeli 

xdeboda. yovelive kargi, risi Seqmnis Zalac Seswevda qarTvel ers, 

`babilonis godolis" saerTo mdinarebas erTvoda da eris TavisTavadi 

saxe ikargeboda. saWiro iyo dakarguli istoriuli sazrisis povna, ra 

Tqma unda, dacemisa da Seferxebis wlebic mravlad ugemnia saqarTvelos 

istorias, magram igi ZiriTadad mainc is organizmi iyo, romelic wamierad 

dabrkoldeboda, Seisvenebda da momavlis imediT savse, kvlav rwmeniT da 

Tavdajerebuli miemarTeboda Tavisi erovnuli Zalis amosafrqvevad. 

`ganvimeorebT - Cven eri vyofilvarT da varT dResac, - gansazRvruli, 

konkretuli socialuri organizmi, romelsac iseTive ufleba aqvs 

sicocxlisa, rogorc yvelas, didsa Tu pataras, brwyinvalesa Tu 

daqveiTebuls, Tu sabuTia saWiro `kacobriobis" winaSe Tavisufal 

arsebobis uflebis mosaxveWad, ai, es sabuTebic: gansazRvruli eTniuri da 

lingvisturi tipi, gansazRvruli koheziis mqone socialuri organizmi, 

istoria, kultura xangrZlivi da Taviseburi, xan Sav-bneli da SfoTiani, 

ufro iSviaTad ki mSvidobiani, - gansazRvruli ufleba, namdvili da 

marTali moqmedi saerTaSoriso samarTlis TvalsazrisiT" (wereTeli 1980 

: 237). 

151

m. wereTlis yvela is CamonaTvali, rac uflebas aZlevs qarTvel ers 

hqondes pretenzia Tavisufali arsebobisa, k. gamsaxurdiasaTvisac kargad 

iyo nacnobi da mTeli misi romanebi swored im miznis gamovlenaa, rom 

dagvanaxos - vin viyaviT, ra varT da vin unda viyoT momavalSi. k. 

gamsaxurdias yvela erovnuli ideis matarebeli personaJis TvalTaxedva 

warsuliskenaa mimarTuli da Cvenc gvwams, rom am warsulSi gadgmuli 

fesvebi, Zala da rwmena gadagvarCens, am warsulis erovnuli suli da 

samSoblosadmi Tavdadebis grZnoba momavlis mtkice sayrdeni da 

ganmamtkicebeli Zalaa, amitomac swored aqedan amodis k. gamsaxurdias 

erovnuli msoflmxedveloba da gvarwmunebs, rom saqarTvelos warsulSi 

devs misi momavlis saZirkveli, Tumca Tavad Zveli saqarTvelos mkvidrebi, 

ukve ver floben im Zalas da energias, rac qveynis ganaxlebas, mis 

aRmSeneblobas sWirdeba, marTalia Tavis droze maT didi roli 

Seasrules saqarTvelos istoriasa da misi sulieri aRorZinebis saqmeSi, 

magram axla, galaktionis ar iyos, drois axali mernebia saWiro, romelic 

am sayovelTao ganaxlebisa da mSeneblobis ritms Seerwymeba. k. 

gamsaxurdia marTlac didad Seyvarebuli iyo saqarTvelos warsulze, Tan 

mis saTqmels alegoriul-simboluri daniSnuleba hqonoda, amisaTvisac 

iyenebda Zveli epoqis istoriul Tematikas, magram didi siyvaruli rom 

hqonda am gardasulisadmi, es namdvilad igrZnoba misi istoriuli 

romanebidan da ara mxolod gardasuli epoqis siyvaruli, gardasuli 

istoriuli pirebisadmic didi Tayvaniscema gamosWvivis misi madliani 

kalmidan, Tavadac xom acxadebda, rom Zalian ainteresebda or 

kuropalats Soris gamosresili giorgi I da, ra Tqma unda, 

Tayvaniscemamde misuli grZnobiT iyo gamsWvaluli daviT 

aRmaSeneblisadmi da Tundac Tamar mefisadmi... da es didi siyvaruli da 

Tayvaniscema saqarTvelos warsulisa da misi istoriuli gmirebisadmi 

mTeli cxovrebis manZilze gahyva mwerals.. 

Tumca ar SeiZleba maszec ar mivuTiToT, rom ara marto saxelovani 

mefeebisa da gmiri raindebis saxeebi avlendnen k. gamsaxurdias erovnul 

cnobierebas, Cveulebrivi, samSoblosaTvis TavdadebulTa warmosaxvac da 

ara marto did istoriul romanebSi, novelebSic ielvebda maTdami 

152

siyvarulisa da pativiscemis grZnoba. moTxroba àmbavi xuTasi 

bolniselisa" erT-erTi sainteresoa am TvalsazrisiT, Zieba 

samSoblosaTvis xuTasi TavSewirulTa saZmo saflavisa, mkiTxvelsac 

interess aRuZravs, Tumca, nawarmoebi TiTqmis ise midis dasasrulamde, 

vfiqrobT, rom netarxsenebuli gmirebis samudamo gansasvenebelis mikvleva 

ver moxerxdeba, magram bolos da bolos aRmoCndeba, rom àseT gmirebs 

wmindanebad Seracxdnen im droSi, albaT, da SesaZloa arc daemarxaT 

isini" (gamsaxurdia I, 1992 : 352). 

taZris samarx kameraSi aRmoCenili xuTasi gmiris bolniselis neSti 

udides gulistkivils iwvevs yvela iq myofi adamianisas da surT maT 

sulis mosaxsenebelis Sesma, `radgan jer aravis daulevia am xuTasi 

vaJkacis Sesandobari" (gamsaxurdia I, 1992 : 354). 

Tavad mwerlis sityvebi, maTi gmirobisa da Tavdadebis gamomxatveli, 

gvagrZnobinebs rom `mwerloba marTlac gmirobis gamosarClebaa mxolod 

miCqmaluli gmirobis qomagia mwerali da sxva araferi" (`didostatis 

marjvena~, 12). 

Cvenis mxriT davZendiT, _ ara marto mwerloba, mTeli xelovnebac. 

rom ara xelovneba _ Tundac did gmirobaTa eqo saukuneebs ver 

amoxeTqavda da xalxis interesic aseTi ar iqneboda misadmi. 

am xuTasi bolniselis gmirobis gamosarClebad migvaCnia k. 

gamsaxurdias es moTxrobaca da gansakuTrebiT gmirebis Sesandobaris ase 

didi grZnobiT gamoxatva: 

`xedavT, ra warmavalia, Zmebo, yovelive dideba am qveynad, arc tkbobaa 

gardauvali, arc saxeli da arc mijnuroba, radgan es yovelive iqve 

hqreba, sadac maTi ganmcdeli moaTavebs sarbiels. 

mxolod gmirobaa waruxoceli! 

radgan namdvili gmiroba usaxeloa metwilad da igi ganagrZobs 

zegavlenas maSinac, roca gmirobis Camdenels ver miuva ambavi amisa. 

maS, davlioT Zmebo, Sesandobari maTi, visac jerac ar Rirsebia 

simxurvale Cveni niadagis, vinc xuTi saukunis Semdegac gvaswavlian 

Tavdadebas Cveni miwisTvis" (gamsaxurdia I, 1992 : 354). 

153

gamsaxurdias personaJebi uaryofen civilizacias, da am uaryofiT 

isini miemarTebian RvTaebrivisaken, am mxriv sainteresoa novelebi: 

`porcelani" da `fotografi". 

`civilizacia, romelic burJuaziis pirmSoa, Rupavs kulturas da mis 

WeSmarit msaxurs - aristokratias. `mokvda" porcelani da masTan erTad 

mTeli epoqis sulieri simdidre. radgan igi èpoqis sulieri simdidris 

WurWeli iyo". 

...Savma frinvelma gadauqrola evropas da fotografiis qveyanas ewvia. 

aqac daiwyo sayovelTao ubedureba: gapartaxeba, cieba, sikvdili, siZvis 

isteria... ubedurebaSi xalxma RmerTi gaixsena - eklesias miaSura, 

Sekrebili xalxis Tvalwin jer viRac Coxosanma, xolo Semdeg Savma 

frinvelma uaryves RmerTi. `ver gaige? RmerTi rom mokvda?" - daiZaxa Savma 

frinvelma, Coxianma ki xats tyvia daaxala. `Sen Semayvare RmerTi!" - aseTi 

iyo fotografis reaqcia. 

Savma frinvelma Tavisi mtkicebiT `RmerTi mokvda!", faqtiurad 

gaacocxla igi. 

sagulisxmoa novelis finali: 

`kari gaiRo, Savi frinveli dinjad Semovida. niskartiT aiRo naciebi 

soflis da eleqtroniani qalaqis suraTi, Tavze gadaaxia fotografs. 

fotografi wamodga. fotografiul aparatze wamomjdar stumars 

daacqerda. 

- qveyana suraTis gadaRebad ara Rirs, - daiyrantala stumarma da 

gafrinda. 

fotografma uaryo sinaTle - simbolo civilizaciisa da sxva naTeli 

aRiara. `yvelaferi da yovelive mimarTulia imisaken, rom realobis miRma 

mivideT kosmiur sulamde" sinaTlis, civilizaciis uaryofa, sulobis, 

RvTaebrivis aRiarebas niSnavda" (doiaSvili, ciskari #1, 1982 : 146). 

magram gmirobisa da raindobis saukuneebi gadavida, axla sxva dro 

modis da sxva eTikuri normebi mkvidrdeba da is saxeebi, vinc rainduli 

saqarTvelos mSvenierebas qmnida, dResdReobiT mxolod samuzeumo 

eqponatebad iqceva. axal dros axali saxeebi, axali eTikuri normebi da 

Tamamad SeiZleba vTqvaT, mTlianad ganaxlebuli adamiani sWirdeba, magram 

154

ara ise ganaxlebuli, rogorc socialisturi realizms axasiaTebda _ Tu 

revolucia ubrZanebda, warbSeuxrelad rom moklavdnen dedas da mamas; 

andac axali drois gmirebs, rom samSoblo saerTod arafrad WirdebodaT 

da sadac Tavad iarsebebdnen, iq iqneboda maTi samSoblo, es zedapiruli 

gageba iyo ganaxlebuli adamianis sulisa, zedapirulica da ara humanuri, 

SeiZleba vTqvaT, araadamianuri, socialisturi ideologiis 

wnexqveSmoqceuli adamianobadakarguli manqurTebis amao RaRadisi iyo, 

rac mxatvrul sityvasTan da mis daniSnulebasTan sruliad dacilebuli 

ar Seesabameboda, magram mainc SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom sulis revolucia 

imdroindel saqarTveloSi udaod unda ganxorcielebuliyo, axal dros 

yovelivesadmi damokidebulebis axali forma da Sinaarsi sWirdeboda da 

miuxedavad amisa, warsulze ise iyo Seyvarebuli k. gamsaxurdia, igi 

naTlad grZnobda, rom rainduli saqarTvelos dasasruli damdgariyo da 

guSin RviZli RviZlTagani im droebisa, dRes cxovrebis niadags 

mowyvetilebad eqcia. swored amitomaa, rom k. gamsaxurdias personaJebi, 

rogori rudunebiTac ar unda gvixatavdes maT saxeebs mwerali, momavlis 

qarTvelebi namdvilad ar arian. 

`mrisxane epoqis beWedi azis Zveli yofis adamianTa garegnobas, 

samosels, qcevas, xasiaTs, sasaflaosac ki. yoveli maTgani axali 

sinamdvilisadmi damokidebulebas ise gamoxatavs, rogorc ZaluZs: 

konstantine da TaraSi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargvas 

glovoben, yru protests acxadeben, kac saqonels daxocavs, gvanji farTo 

moqmedebis gegmas saxavs, lukaia qristianul-warmarTul ritualebs 

exizneba, zosimia qveyanas ganudga, didi iosebi sxvisi binis miTvisebas 

lamobs. qosa gaxu memkvdireobis gadarCenas cdilobs, oqropiri zarebs 

daarisxebs, abria individualistur brZolas eweva, kankre xulignobs, vara 

warsuls mistiris, medeas ezizReba aRmSenebloba da a.S. 

`k. gamsaxurdiam aRadgina qarTuli nacionaluri yofiereba, 

praqarTuli ena, miTosi da warmarToba, geografiuli garemo, daadgina 

gmirTa fsiqikisa da cnobierebis, temperamentisa da xasiaTis 

individualuri qarTuli rasobrivi saxe. magram amave dros realisturi 

simarTliT sastiki ganaCeni gamoutana Zveli saqarTvelos 

155

ocdaTxuTmetsaukunovan istorias. mis STamomavlebs, revolucia aris 

udidesi uReltexili qarTveli eris istoriaSi, romelmac daamTavra 

Zveli yofis kvdoma, romlis Soreuli saTave XIII saukuneSi Zevs. rom ara 

revolucia, qarTveli xalxi gadagvarebas ver gadaurCeboda" (sigua 1989 : 

270). 

albaT, umjobesi iyo momxdariyo aRsruleba rainduli saqarTvelosi, 

radganac misi arseboba axal periodSi WeSmarit aRsasruls moaswavebda, 

nel-nela feriscvalebiTa da uCumari SerwymiT moxda erTgvari sikvdili 

kvlav SobisaTvis. maradiuli dabrunebis koncefciis Tanaxmad `yovelive 

rac iyo kvlav meordeba". amitom Sedis TaraS emxvari wyalSi, ara 

sasikvdilod, aramed gadarCenisaTvis, radgan icis, rom misi sicocxle 

ufro meti sikvdilia, vidre gacxadebuli sikvdili. TaraSi ixrCoba, raTa 

kvlav amovides wylidan srulyofili, SeubRalavi, CoxiT mosili. 

mTavaria, adamianebs gauCndeT survili misi dabrunebis, radganac Tavad 

ufali ambobs - eZiebT da hpovebT, iTxoveT da mogecemaT. swored amitom 

mxolod rainduli saqarTvelos dasasruli ki ar aris umniSvnelovanesi, 

aramed yvelaze metad tragikulia is, rom misi saWiroeba sazogadoebaSi 

aRar arsebobs. 

grigol robaqiZe werilSi - `rainduli saqarTvelo" werda: `qarTuli 

rassa rainduli sisxliT aris acecxlebuli. es ar ari ubralo sityva da 

arc ubralo Tviseba. saqarTvelos istoria raindobis paTosiT imarTeboda 

yovelTvis, raindoba Cveni erovnuli profilis Snoiani xazulia. 

Cven varT mzeTa Svilebi da gviyvars metad mzeosani lalebiT 

moTenTiloba. Cveni saSos wyarosTvali muqi zurmuxtia da siamiT 

vefinebiT mwvanilovan mdelos. motrfialeni varT ùsaqmo" silamazis, 

gamudmebiT viwviT mSvenierebisaTvis. vaRmerTebT sicocxles, rogorc 

cecxlis moTayvane warmarTebi da yvelaze metad udardelobas vafasebT. 

gviyvars lagamaxsnili qeifi da gvaTrobs alesili xmlis sisxliani 

simRera. 

Cven sificxes gvwameben da uTmenelobas. diax: Cven ficxelni varT da 

uTmeneloba Cveni rkineuli nebis SurisZiebaa mxolod". 

samyaroSi yovelive erT mTlian arsad erTiandeba, miliardobiT 

ujredi erT sxeuls qmnis. magram TiToeul am sasicocxlo ujreds Tavisi 

156

daniSnuleba aqvs da saocari TviTmyofadobiT xasiaTdeba. grigol 

robaqiZe am movlenas Semdegnairad afasebs `mTeli ara grova 

calkeulebis, aramed nawili TiToeulebis". maradiuli brunvisas samyaro 

arsebobis axal fazaSi Sevida, gamoCnda axali saxeebi sruliad 

gansxvavebuli ideologiiTa da mrwamsiT. sasicocxlo ujredebic 

TviTmyofadobis dakargvis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCndnen, maTac axali 

niRbebi unda moergoT (cdiloben kidec. zogi Tavadi kinoSi iwyebs 

muSaobas, zogic glexze qorwindeba, magram es yovelive unayofo) 

fizikuri gadarCenisaTvis, magram vinc es nabiji gadadga, unayofobiT 

dajildovda. es faqtori ki ueWvel aRsasrulze miuTiTebs. namdvili 

aRsasruli ki sakuTari Tavis dakargvaa sxvis arsebaSi. es safrTxe 

emuqrebodaT swored im adamianebs, romelTa arsebobac zedmetad 

qceuliyo. maTi daRupva gadarCenisaTvis moxda. qarTuli rainduli suli 

gadavida warsulSi, raTa momavalSi mTeli simZafriT gacxadebuliyo. 

rainduli saqarTvelo zeciur saqarTvelod gardaisaxa, da mudmiv 

Tanamgzavrad aedevneba yoveli qarTvelis suls. 

s. sigua sainteresod warmosaxavs Zvelis kvdomisa da axlis 

damkvdirebis rTul process gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, magram is 

revolucia, romelic saqarTvelos ganaxlebisTvis iyo saWiro, sul sxva 

SinaarsiT da formiT hqonda mwerals warmosaxuli, rogorc ukve 

mivuTiTeT, es sulis revolucia iyo da mxolod socialisturi 

revolucia, romelic upirvelesad jiSis, genis, erovnulobis mteri iyo, 

saqarTvelos problemebs ver gadaWrida. piriqiT, axal problemebs 

uqmnida. Cven mier miTiTebuli ideebi usamSobloobisa da mamismkvlelobis 

Sesaxeb, rac socialisturi realizmis SemoqmedTaTvis iyo 

damaxasiaTebeli, kidev ufro sisruliTa da sisastikiT gadmoica k. 

gamsaxuridas SemoqmedebaSi da dagvarwmuna, rom revoluciam kidev axali 

problemebi warmoSva qarTul yofaSi. 

mamismkvlelobis saSineleba, romelic socialisturi sazogadoebis 

pirobebSi k. gamsaxurdias, `mTvaris motacebidan", amoRebulia, magram 

TavisTavadi faqtia epoqaluri saSinelebisa. miTumetes, saqarTvelo, 

romelic sanaxevrod isev patriarqaluri cnobierebis zegavlenas moucavs, 

ra Tqma unda, ver Seegueba mamismkvlelobis ubedurebas, arada axalma 

drom ganaxlebuli energia moutana, magram es energia uSoresi warsulis 

157

siRrmidanac moedineba da adamianis adreul saukuneTa siRrmeSi, sisxlSi 

daleqili mamismkvlelobisa Tu sazogadod veluri instinqtebis 

aboboqrebasac iwvevs. swored imis gamo, rom arzayan zvambaia 

socialisturi yofis ideologi da mowinave pirovnebaa, saWiro gaxda 

mamismkvlelobis faqti amoRebuli yofiliyo. imdroindeli sazogadoeba, 

verafriT Seegueboda Tundac literaturuli personaJis, miTumetes, Tu is 

komunisti da Tan aqtiuri komunistis, iseT warmoudgenel araadamianobis, 

rogoric mamismkvleloba iyo. magram TavisTavad cxadia, rom droiTa da 

garemoebiT gazuluqebuli axalgazrdoba wonasworobas kargavda da maTSi 

daZabul situaciaSi Tavs iCenda uSoresi warsulis bunebrivi Tvisebebi, 

Tumca es qarTuli bunebidan ar momdinareobda. es droisa da Seqmnili 

viTarebis kuriozi iyo da k. gamsaxurdiasac imitom Seaqvs, es pasaJi Tavis 

nawarmoebSi, rom am faqtiT erTxel kidev migvaniSnos, Tu rogor 

imsxvreva qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi da 

gansakuTrebiT samegrelosa Tu afxazeTSi. mamis ganRmrTobis problema 

ojaxis ufrosis xelSeuxebloba ki ara, ubatonod mimarTvis formac ki ar 

arsebobda da saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi gamomuSavebul am amaRlebul 

Tvisebebsa da tradiciebs, erTbaSad arRvevs axali yofa, romelsac ara 

marto ufrosi Taobisadmi, warsulisa da yovelive tradiciulisadmi 

uaRresad skeptikuri damokidebuleba hqonda. erT ramezec unda 

gavamaxvlioT yuradReba, aseTi gardasaxva xdeba im arasrulfasovani 

fsiqikisa da ganviTarebis adamianebSi, romelTac yovelive axlis 

ukritikod miRebis miswrafeba gaaCniaT, Torem kargad vxedavT imasac, Tu 

rogori pativiscemiT ekideba TviT gamzrdels da saerTod ufros Taobasa 

da tradiciebs TaraS emxvari, adamiani, romelic didi erudiciiTa da 

didi mgrZnobelobiTac gamoirCeva sxvaTagan. mas bunebis amgvar 

gawonasworebaSi swavla-aRzrda da ganaTlebac exmareba. vfiqrobT 

sagangebd xatavs aseT srulfasovan saxes emxvarisas avtori, rom erTxel 

kidev dagvanaxos kontrasti am or personaJs Soris - erTi qalis rZiT 

aRzrdili gmirebisa, romelnic dedis ZuZusTanac ki wakidebulebi iyvnen. 

es socialuri gansxvavebulobis fesvebi TandaTan Rrmavdeba da axla ukve 

Zalmosili arzayanis bunebaSi iseT Tvisebebad yalibdeba, rac marTlac 

araqarTuli, ufro mkveTrad Tu gamovxatavT azrs - araadamianuria, rac 

qarTuli sulisaTvis metad ucxo da Seusabamoa. rogorc ukve mivuTiTeT, 

158

swored qarTuli bunebisTvis metad miuRebel, metad gansxvavebul 

Tvisebebs ayalibebda socialisturi ideologia da swored am faqtis 

dasafiqsireblad dasWirda mwerals arzayan zvambaias mamismkvleloba, da 

Tu Tavidanve ar iqneboda mxilebuli es adamianis sulis gamanadgurebeli 

maxasiaTebeli, qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba, TandaTan gaqreboda, mis 

adgils zombirebuli adamiani daiWerda, romelic `socializmis haSiSiT~ 

gabruebuli mamismkvlelobazec ki wavidoda. 

rodesac k. gamsaxurdias perosnaJebis sulis siRrmeSi gvsurs CaRweva, 

Zalian bevr rames vgrZnobT am Ziebisas, upirvels yovlisa mas, rom axali 

sazogadeobisTvis sulierad da fizikurad harmonizebuli adamianebis 

adgili ar aris. isini erTgvari `zedmeti adamianobiT" tvirTdamZimebulni 

ucxo xdebian sazogadoebisaTvis, romelic mamismkvlelebsa da zogadad 

kacismkvlelT aRazevebs da beladobas, meTaurobas uTmobs. 

gamsaxurdias romanebis personaJTa fsiqiologiur portretebs Tu 

davakvirTdebiT da mizez-Sedegobriobis kategoriis arsidan davinaxavT 

maT, erTxel kidev davrwmundebiT, rom TiToeuli personaJis saxe da 

moqmedeba mkveTrad gamoxatavs imdroindeli saqarTvelos gausaZlis 

mdgomareobas, aq cxovroben adamianebi, romelTac viTom aqvT samSoblo, 

magram sinamdvileSi sulis samSoblo ganadgurebulia, qarTuli suli 

TandaTanobiT qreba da TaraS emxvarebis adgils qarTul sivrceSi 

arzayan zvambaiebi ikaveben, romelTa saxis formirebaze arsebulma 

sazogadoebrivma institutma, socialisturma msoflmxedvelobam imuSava. 

fesvebis qona, SesaZloa, adamianis sulis yvelaze mniSvnelovani 

moTxovnileba iyos. adamians fesvebi aqvs adamianuri erTobis cxovrebaSi 

realuri, aqtiuri da bunebrivi monawileobis wyalobiT, erTobis, 

romelic cocxlad inaxavs warsulis danatovars, yoveli adamiani 

eswrafvis, rom moraluri, inteleqtualuri, sulieri arsebobis mTeli 

sisavse aRiqvas im garemos meSveobiT, romelsac bunebrivad ekuTvnis. 

ufesvoba, ueWvelia, yvelaze saSiSi daavadeba im daavadebaTa Soris, 

romelic adamianTa erTobas SeiZleba moedos, radgan igi Zalian advilad 

vrceldeba. fesvebdakarguli arsebebi TiTqmis yovelTvis orgvarad 

iqcevian: an sikvdilis msgavs sulier leTargiaSi iZirebian, an mTlianad 

inTqmebian moqmedebaSi, romelic imisken aris mimarTuli, rom fesvebi 

daaglijos maT, visac isini jer kidev SerCenili aqvs. 

159

yovelive iqeTken miemarTeba, rom qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba 

TiTqmis mTlianad waiSalos da axali drois demoralizebuli ideebiT 

sulgajerebuli adamiani damkvdirdes. erT dros raindul da zneobriv 

saqarTveloSi yovel dRes, yovel weliwads aqeTken mihyavs qarTveli da 

yovelive amis mgrZnobeli da Semmecnebeli k. gamsaxurdia da bevri sxvac 

erovnuli sulis mwerali Tu moRvawe da zogadad xelovani, mTeli 

SesaZleblobiT iRvwian da ibrZvian imisTvis, rom es katastrofa aacilon 

samSoblos, rogorme SeinarCunon erovnuli sulis nergebi, raTa momavalma 

maTi gaazreba da gamravleba SeZlos, swored amitomaa rom `beladis" 

avtori `daviT aRmaSenebels" Tu `didostatis marjvenasac" qmnis, an 

Tundac `mTvaris motacebasa" da `vazis yvavilobas", swored `beladma" Tu 

`vazis yvavilobam" misca mwvane Suqi `daviT aRmaSenebels", `didostatis 

marjvenas" Tu `mTvaris motacebas" da ara marto am nawarmoebebs, 

konstantines mTel sulier memkvidreobas. gana marto literaturul 

nawarmoebebSi ikiTxeba k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli sulis moZraoba, Tundac 

misi literaturuli Tu zogadad publicisturi werilebi aviRoT, aqac 

udidesi erovnuli moRvawis, aqac qarTuli kulturiT sulgajerebuli 

adamianis sunTqva igrZnoba mwerlis naazrevis miRma. 

Tundac k. gamsaxurdias werili àpologia rusTavelisa" (gamsaxurdia 

VI, 1963 : 41) movigonoT, visac waukixTavs da vinc momavalSic gaecnoba mas, 

marTlac darwmundeba, Tu raoden eZvirfaseba mwerals yovelive qarTuli 

da miTumetes genialuri. am mimarTebiT erTsac davamatebdiT k. 

gamsaxurdias didma erudiciam da zogadad azrovnebamac S. nucubiZesTan, 

v. nozaZesTan da i. abaSiZesTan erTad udidesi roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos 

geniis qveynis farglebs gareT gatanis saqmeSi. magram, rodesac k. 

gamsaxurdias `dante alighiers" (gamsaxurdia VI, 1963 : 57). vkiTxulobT da 

mis meSvide Tavs `dante da rusTavels" CavuRrmavdebiT, davrwmunebiT, Tu 

raoden mniSvnelovania erisaTvis didi niWisa da ase didi ganaTlebis 

mqone Svilebis gamozrda, rom maradiulad vidgeT sxva erTa Soris da 

Cveni xma ar gaifantos samyaroSi, rogorc `xmad mRaRadeblisa udabnosa 

Sina". albaT bevrjer gavcnobivarT diTirambebs, Tu polemikas ama Tu im 

sakiTxze, magram ase didi erudiciiT ase damajereblad axsna, imisa, Tu 

ratom da riT dgas S. rusTavelis `vefxistyaosani" dante alighieris 

`RvTaebriv komediaze" maRla, iSviaTad Segvxedria, saqme is ki ar aris, 

160

jiutad daiCemo, raime da mTeli cxovrebac Seswiro gaugonari sisulelis 

mtkicebas, aramed imdeni icode, Senive gamoTqmuli mosazreba, iseve 

mwyobrad da logikurad daasabuTo, rogorc k. gamsxurdiam moaxerxa es 

Cvens mier miTiTebul werilSi. rusTavelis am simaRleze ayvaniT, man 

qarTveli eric aiyvana azrovnebis kvarcxlbekze. 

àm patara gamokvlevaSi me vcdilobdi alag-alag paralelebi 

gametarebia rusTavelsa da dantes Soris. vgoneb es ar unda eucxovos 

mkiTxvels, radgan TviT rusTavelis epoqa, misi pirovneba da Semoqmedeba 

iZleva saamiso sababs, garda amisa, rusTaveli jerac ar gvyavs msoflio 

poeziis masStabiT gaSuqebuli" (gamsaxurdia, VI, 1963 : 102). 

ase iwyebs miTiTebuli werilis meSvide Tavs avtori da vgrZnobT mis 

udides erovnul gulistkivils imis gamo, rom `rusTaveli jerac ar 

gvyavs msoflio poeziis masStabiT gaSuqebuli". 

dante alighierTan rusTavelis SepirispirebiT k. gamsaxurdiam 

cxadyo, rom SeiZleba saukuneze meti drois monakveTiT adre, `RvTaebriv 

komediaze" TiTqmis aRmatebul nawarmoebs qmnis saqarTvelo, qarTveli 

poeti. 

`dante rogorc qristiani poeti, qristianul mistiuri garindebis Jams 

gadadis suleTSi, `gamofxizlebamdi" aramc da aramc fizikuri Zili ar 

unda warmovidginoT. 

Tavadi berZnuli Mystikus niSnavs idumals, miusis Myesis - laT. Tvalis 

moxuWvas niSnavs. 

rusTaveli mouRalavi warmarTi geniaa, misTvis ucxoa danteseburi 

mistiuri garindeba da miusis. misi gmirebi iaraRis ZaliT gadalaxaven 

xilulobis, xmelis samans da iaraRiTve ikaveben gzas qajeTs mimavals. es, 

albaT, rainduli vaJkacobis kultis zegavlenaa" (gamsaxurdia VI, 1963 : 

106). 

sxva mravali faqtiT da azriTac gvidasturebs avtori rusTavelis 

genialobas da gvarwmunebs, rom ideologiuri, kulturuli samanebi 

rusTavelis epoqisa, msoflio kulturis mesaWeobisaken miiswrafvis. 

yovelive zemoTqmulidan SeiZleba gavakeToT daaskvna, rom k. gamsaxurdias 

rogorc istoriuli romanebi, ise mTeli misi Semoqmedeba, mTeli misi 

moRvaweoba erovnul interesebs eqvemdebareboda da rac yvelaze metad 

sainteresoa erovnuli cnobierebis gaRrmavebasa da ganmtkicebas 

161

gulisxmobda. erTis mxriv Tanamedroveobisa da meores mxriv istoriuli 

warsulis Sepirispireba k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, gvarwmunebs, rom 

istoriis siRrmeSi moqceuli erovnuli cnobierebis fesvebis ganedlebasa 

da ayvavebas mieltvis mwerali. saintereso Sexedulebas gamoTqvams am 

mxriv s. sigua: 

`savarsamiZem da emxvarma gamoigloves saqarTvelos bedi, epoqis 

qarborbalas pirispir amao aRmoCnda kultura, fiqri da tanjva. axali ar 

miiRes, magram verc momavlis ukeTesi gza ipovnes, radgan yvelafers 

wyvets Zala da Zalaufleba. wamoiWreba axali sakiTxi - ra mizans 

emsaxureba Zalaufleba, rogor mivdivarT idealisaken ra gziT vcidlobT 

mis xorcSesxmas (`mTvaris motaceba", `didostatis marjvena") arzayan 

zvambaiam uaryo warsulis morali, zneoba, adamianTa urTierTobis wesi da 

yvelafris Tavidan dawyeba moindoma, rac iseve Secdoma da danaSuli iyo, 

rogorc tradiciebisadmi brma erTguleba. magram xelovani arsakiZe, 

mecnieri korinTeli, glexi da jariskaci elaniZe mwerlis ocnebaSi qmnian 

erTiani, Zlieri da jansaRi saqarTvelos models, romelsac mimarTulebas 

aZlevs daviT aRmaSeneblis fiqri da marjvena. amdenad aris didgori 

gmiri ara mxolod gardasuli didebis xati, aramed upirvelesad 

Seumusrveli qarTuli sulis maxviliTa da kalmiT gadamtani welTa 

usasrulo mdinarebaSi" (sigua 1989 : 278). 

TiTqos yvela personaJis fiqri da ocneba, yvela drois problema erT 

prizmaSi unda gardatydes da saqarTvelos momavlis Tvalsawieri 

gamoCndes, qarTvelTa rwmena, qarTvelTa erovnuli cnobierebis Zirebi 

misi warsuliTaa nasazrdoebi da misi ugulvebelyofa qarTvelTa 

erovnuli cnobierebis xis cocxal suraTs ver Seqmnis. is, rac drois 

mdinarebiT ar inisleba, es qarTvelTa erovnuli sulia - dauTrgunveli 

da maradiuli. 

òri sinamdvilis - warsulisa da Tanamedroveobis - dapirispirebisas 

aSkarad ikveTeba mwerlis pozicia; warsulis romantizirebis gziT da 

awmyos antihumanurobis CvenebiT uaryos dRevandeloba", doiaSvilis es 

azric amtkicebs, rom gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebiTi orbunebovneba 

warsulisa da Tanamedroveobis erT sibrtyeze asaxvaa, erTgvari 

kontrastebis xerxia da Tanac sulier sakvebs aZlevs im mkiTxvels, visac 

Tavisi erovnuli mrwamsi ver upovnia. gamsaxurdia sulier sarkeSi axedebs 

162

mas da arwmunebs, rom saqarTvelo is qveyanaa, romelsac Tavisi samomavlo 

gza warsulidan unda daiwyos, sulis àxal nergze", warsulis Sejvarebaa 

saWiro, rom saqarTvelos momavali erovnuli aspeqtiT gadaiWras. 

swored amitom iyo, rom mwerals sulierad namdvilad 

aRafrTovanebda, mis istoriul romanebs saqarTvelo ase, rom daewafa, 

udides kmayofilebas sZenda is faqti, rom miuxedavad gamocemis sakmaod 

didi tiraJisa, sazogadoebaSi misi nawarmoebis xelaxla dabeWdvis 

survili iyo. `didostatis marjvenis" axali gamocemiT aRfrTovanebuli k. 

gamsaxurdia werda: 

ùeWvelad es aris siZabune Cveni gulisa, avtori mudam Relavs, roca 

wigni xelaxla unda moefinos qveyanas. 

... Cveni udidesi sixaruli eg aris: TvalnaTliv vucqiroT, Tu rogor 

uZlebs Cveni sulis naSieri drois cvalebadobaTa zRvaurs, an ra 

zegavlenas axdens igi Tanadroul literaturasa da adamianebze... 

... cnobilia, arc erT ers araferi Seuqmnia mniSvnelovani, Tu mas 

odesme romelime didi kulturul-istoriuli misiis meurved ar ucvnia 

Tavi. amis gareSe yovelive epigonobaa da msoflio profanaciis uniaTo 

luRluRi. 

swored amiT aixsneba is garemoeba, rom Sua saukuneTa qarTvelobam 

yvelaze didi da SesaniSnavi sityva Tqva swored XI-XIII saukuneTa 

manZilze. am epoqaSi ganviTarebis zenits miaRwia rogorc saxelmwifom 

Cvenma, ise enam qarTulma. 

`didostatis konstantines marjvena" - eg iyo CemTvis ormagi 

wyurvilis mokvla. uwinares yovlisa figuralurad rom vTqvaT, romanis 

formebSi gavamJRvane Cemi Lart poetique 

garda amisa didi saqarTvelos Cveneba ganvacxade Tanadrouli 

romanis mixedviT" (`didostatis marjvena~, 390). 

Tavad k. gamsaxurdiasac imitom gaurbis Tvali saqarTvelos XI-XIII 

saukuneebisaken da cdilobs am epoqis mxatvruli sinamdvilis modelis 

Seqmnas, rom es epoqaa qarTvelTa sulieri, erovnuli aRzevebisa. esaa dro, 

rodesac qarTvelTa erovnulma energiam arsebobis mwvervals miaRwia da 

renesansis - preistoriuli xanis warmmarTveli gaxda. adrerenesansuli 

xalxebis azrovnebis centri saqarTveloze gadioda da qarTvelTa 

163

erovnuli cnobiereba msoflio procesebis warmmarTvelic xdeba, magram 

rogorc Tavad konstantine brZanebs". 

`... dResac umarTebulod eqcevian qarTvel ers. Tumca SeiZleba Cven 

gacilebiT meti wvlili Segvitania qristianul kulturaSi vidre im 

xalxebs, romelTac oriode saukunis win daaRwies Tavi somadur yofas da 

dRes didis ambiciebiT ixseniebian sqeltanian larusebSi da 

enciklopediebSi. es Segneba da siamaye mudam SegvrCeba, rom mudam 

uTvalavi mteri gvyolia da megobari mudam TiTze CamosaTvleli" (k. 

gamsaxurdia, t. VI, 1963 : 514). 

k. gamsaxurdia iyo ara marto is mwerali da moRvawe, romelic 

mxolod samSobloSi iRvwoda erovnuli problemebisaTvis, aramed 

samSoblos gareTac gabedul sityvas ambobda qarTvelTa warmosaCenad, 

msoflio xalxebis winaSe. rogorc misive sityvebidan gamoCnda, k. 

gamsaxurdiam kargad icoda is, rom upirvelesad Tavad qarTvelTa 

erovnuli mrwamsisa da erovnuli energiis formireba iyo aucilebeli, 

radgan yovelTvis didi gulistkiviliT aRniSnavda mwerali, qarTvelTa 

`tragedia iyo Cveni martooba" da vidre sakuTar fexze ar dadgeba qveyana 

da eri, mudam ùTvalavi mteri eyoleba da megobari mudam TiTze 

CamosaTvleli". swored amitom iyo, rom Jamidan Jamze konstantine 

gamsaxurdia Seexmianeboda ers, rom misi erovnuli cnobiereba 

Seefxizlebina. is mainc ar gamqraliyo, rac saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi 

omebisa da dapirispirebebis Sedegadac ar aRmofxvrila qarTvelTa 

sulidan. 

èrovnuli cnobiereba saukuneebis manZilze yalibdeba. igi 

ganpirobebulia eniT, istoriiT, religiT, zne-CveulebebiT, fsiqikiT, 

teritoriiT, msoflaRqmiT, msoflgancdiT da ase Semdeg. yvelafer amas 

aerTianebs samSoblos cneba. erT ganuyofel mTlianobad aqcevs. 

roca samSoblos cneba irRveva (sulerTia gafarToebiT Tu 

daviwroebiT), yvelaferi es iSleba, xalxs erovnuli katastrofa emuqreba. 

Tu samSoblos cnebas gavafarToebT, imdeni ucxo elementi Semova rom 

qarTuli erovnuli cnobiereba qaosad gadaiqceva. aseve daemarTeba rusul 

erovnul cnobierebasac. arafers niSnavs, rom igi dRes gabatonebuli eria. 

erovnul cnobiereba batonsac iseve SeiZleba daerRves, rogorc ymas. Tan 

SesaZlebelia gacilebiT ufro adre, vidre damonebuls. amitom iSleba 

164

didi imperiebi da maT adgilas erovnuli saxelmwifoebi ibadeba" (baqraZe 

1990 : 197). 

jer kidev adre miuTiTebda a. baqraZe da did simarTles, rom werda 

igi, naTlad gamokveTa istoriam. magram mTavari da saWirboroto problema 

isaa didi imperiebis ngrevisa, isini hlamoben TavianT nangrevebSi 

moiyolon sxvebic. es istoriuli kanonzomierebaa da rogorc ar unda 

Seecadon sxva erebi umtkivneulod Tavdaxsnas, SeuZlebeli iqneba. magram 

ar unda daviviwyoT isic, rom yovelive batonoba da sxvebze aRmatebuloba 

droebiTia da imave dros mZvinvare mdinare `maradiuli batonobisaTvis" 

SemarTuls uTuod danTqavs. es erTi dRis, andac erTi wlis da zogjer 

erTi saukunis problema ar aris, es kargad esmis konstantine 

gamsaxurdias da swored amitomac iyo, rom Tavisi erovnuli sunTqviT 

afxizlebda ers, Tavisi erovnuli mrwamsiT saukunis cecxls aRivebda da 

swamda, rom Tu Tesli noyier niadagze daecemoda, misi sityva da azri 

xval aTaseulebs gaucocxlebda erovnul suls, amitom Zerwavda ase didi 

siyvaruliT erovnuli cnobierebis mqone gmirTa saxeebs, Tavis pirad 

gancdebsa da tkivilebs aqsovda maT fsiqologiur portretebSi. 

swored erovnuli cnobierebis ZirisZiridan amoaqvs samSobloze 

uzomod Seyvarebul mwerals is pirveli ideebi, is pirvelsaxeebi, 

romelmac Semdeg saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi hpova ganfena qarTvelTa 

cnobierebaSi, swored amitom aris, rom misi personaJebi mudam maZiebelni, 

mudam daukmayofilebelni arian arsebuliT, radaganac pirvelqmnadobiT 

da pirvelideiT STagonebuli maTi gulisTqma realur cxovrebaSi ver 

xedavs pirvelyofil ferebsa da saxeebs, amitomacaa, rom ase usivrco da 

usamanoa k. gamsaxurdias gmirTa geografiuli landSafti, amitomac, 

eZieben isini ase gatacebiT sulis samSoblos. uaxlovdebian im mTliansa 

da ganuyofel saxes, rac pirvelqmnadobidan gadmodis maT arsebaSi. maTi 

cxovrebis gzis warmmarTveli samSoblo da siyvarulia, TviT uZlieresi 

mefeebic ki samSoblosa da siyvarulisaTvis Tavgametebulni da 

TavSewirulni brZandebian. am mcnebebs k. arsakiZisaTvis xelovnebac 

emateba da rogorc vxedavT, am pirvelyofili grZnobiTaa Seyvarebuli 

arsakiZe Tavis xelovnebaze da samarTlinadac miaCnia, rom yvela warmaval 

grZnobaze, aRmatebulia xelovneba - ufro ukvdavi, vidre asiaTasi 

mokvdavis suli". magram aseTi siyvarulic xom TavisTavad 

165

pirvelqmnadobidan amodis. es siyvaruli sulsa da sisxlSi aqvs gamjdari 

arsakiZes da igi ufro Zlieria, vidre grZnoba sayvareli qalisadmi, esaa 

ganmapirobebeli imisa, rom umSvenieres mijnursac ver miscems suls 

xelovani. 

`Sorena Camovida kedlidan, xatauri farCis kaba ecva xSiri, 

oqrosferi Tmebi gadmoRvriliyvnen mxrebze, modioda yayaCoebis velze, 

TavTuxis Tavelebs esroda utas, yayaCoebsa da TavTuxis Tavelebs. 

dauCoqa samgzis sanatrelma, sTxova didostats suli. 

cremlma iwvima konstantines TvalTagan, magarm verc sayvarels misca man 

suli, radgan sveticxovlisaTvis Seewira igi" (`didostatis marjvena~, 379). 

motanil amonaridSi kargad ikiTxeba is azri, romlis 

dasadastureblad movixmeT igi, magram meorecaa k. gamsaxurdias am 

sityvebidan erTxel kidev gvindoda SegvegrZno madli da idumaleba ara 

zogadad qarTulisa, aramed konstantines qarTulisa. 

bevri ram Tqmula da dawerila kidec k. gamsaxurdias enobriv 

fenomenze, bevrs daugmia is da bevrsac Seumkia. am TvalsazrisiT, 

sxvadasxva variaciiT SeiZleba warmovadginoT sxvaTa Sexeduleba, magram 

am SemTxvevaSi Cven gvsurs, es problemac erovnul aspeqtSi warmovsaxoT 

da Cveni Sexeduleba gamovTqvaT am mimarTulebiT. 

upirvelesad davakvirdeT k. gamsaxurdias mTel Semoqmedebas. mTel mis 

naazrevs enobrivi TvalsazrisiT erTmaneTisagan ver gavmijnavT, ara aqvs 

mniSvneloba mxatvrul nawarmoebs qmnis mwerali Tu literaturul 

werils, Tundac istoriul narkvevs, Tu zogadad raime surs gadmogvces. k. 

gamsaxurdias stili erTia, igi ganuyofelia yvelgan da yovelTvis, 

marTalia, ena arqaizmebiTaa mdidari, magram zogjer arqaizmebad ki ar 

moiazreba isini, aramed saukuneTa labirinTebSi dakarguli leqsikuri 

erTeulebis aRmdgenad da macocxleblad, qarTuli enis gamdidrebad da 

srulyofad, radganac ara marto XI-XII-XIII saukunis qarTvelTa enas 

axasiaTebs arqauli leqsika, arqauli sintaqsi da mkacrad individualuri 

stili konstantinesi, aramed TiTqmis Tanamedrove epoqis personaJebic am 

eniT gvesaubrebian da SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna, rom ena kidev erTi 

mniSvnelovani fenomenia k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli sulis Sesacnobad. 

wminda qarTuli leqsika, ZvelqarTulTan ziareba da Serwyma 

Tanamedroveobisa, ara marto konstantines individualur stilze 

166

migvaniSnes, mxatvruli literaturis erovnul stilsac ki qmnis da 

vfiqrobT, rom swored gamsaxurdias enaa, rom ase sworupovrad 

Segvacnobinebs ara marto gardasulsa da arqauls, aramed 

Tanamedroveobis erovnul Zalisxmevasac. 

k. gamsaxurdias yvela nawarmoebi, erovnuli energiis didi 

gamovlinebaa, uZvirfasesi nobaTia erovnuli sulisaTvis da erovnulobis 

uCveulo speqtri, saidanac TiToeuli sityva, erovnuli energiis uSret 

nakads gadascems STamomavlobas. 

sityva da ena tyuilad araa RmerTTan gatolebuli, RvTis Zalisxmeva da 

RvTis xati TavisTavad moipoveba sityvaSi. swored amisaTvis ZaluZs sityvas da 

zogadad xelovans àrafrisagan ramis Seqmna". swored qarTuli sityvis madlma 

misca udidesi Zalmosileba yovelive qarTulsa da erovnulobaze egzom 

Seyvarebul Semoqmeds erovnuli suliT momavlis rwmeniTa da siyvaruliT 

aRevso Taobebi. 

`k. gamsaxurdia Tavis mamuliSvilur movaleobad Tvlida aqtiurad 

ebrZola Cveni enis am safrTxis winaaRmdeg da bevri ram gaakeTa 

ZvelqarTul enobriv samyarosTan gawyvetili genetikur-memkvidreobiTi 

kavSirebis aRsadgenad. mis am did Zalisxmevas safuZvlad edo rwmena 

imisa, rom `sakuTari enis gaRrmaveba da gaalmaseba iseTive didi saqmea, 

rogorc xmalSemarTulad dacva mamulisa" (nikoleiSvili I, 2010 : 215). 

k. gamsaxurdias swams Tavisi xalxis, Tavisi eris da samSoblos 

istoriuli daniSnulebisa, amasTan erTad man kargad icis isic, rom 

saqarTvelos istoriuli misiis Zirebi missave warsulSi unda veZioT. 

qarTuli ena, qarTuli folklori, mTeli misi arqauli Sreebi iZleva 

sayrdens misi momavlis gzis gasakvalavad. swored amitomacaa, rom Tavad 

konstantine gamsaxurdia didi gancdiTa da emociiT eziara am arqaul 

Zirebs da mxatvruli sityvis aspeqtSi gaacocxla yovelive. 

`saWiro gaxda qarTuli enis marTebulad warsamarTavad sami ram: misi 

mobruneba Cveni enis uZveles da ubrwyinvales saTaveebisaken, imisaTvis, 

rom Cvens enas mSrali mwignobruli niSati ar miscemoda, qarTuli 

metyvelebis arteriebSi unda SemogveSva qarTuli zRapris, qarTuli 

miTologiis, qarTuli folkloris, qarTuli mravalsaxieri dialeqtebis 

wiaRSi miCqmaluli ulevi etimologiuri maragi" (k. gamsaxurdia, t. VIII, gv. 

894). 

167

pirvelqmnadobasTan, dakargul sazrisTan gvaaxlovebs k. gamsaxurdias 

stili da ena. SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pirvelqmnadobis miTi da simbolika k. 

gamsaxurdias nawarmoebTa mxolod Sinaarssa da mxatvrul saxeebSi ki ar 

cnobierdeba, aramed mis enaSic, mis zogad azrovnebaSic. TiTqos misi ena 

da misi mxatvruli saxeebi, misi personaJebi Tu mTeli arqiteqtonika 

romanebisa, im pirvelsaxesTan gvabrunebs, saidanac TiToeuli Cvengani 

viwyebiT, saidanac Cveni sisxli da suli iRebs saTaves, da sadac ase 

bunebrivadaa Semonaxuli Cveni erovnuli cnobierebis pirvelsaxe. 

ZiriTadi daskvnebi 

k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli 

interpretaciis kuTxiT Seswavlam gviCvena, rom: 

1. mwerlis erovnuli suliskveTeba TavisTavad gagrZelebaa im 

ideebisa, romelic XIX saukunis 60-ian wlebidan momwifda saqarTveloSi. 

168

erovnuli cnobierebis sakiTxi aqtualuria, rogorc mis publicistur 

naSromebSi, aseve mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad 

miviCnevT k. gamsaxurdias esTetikur mosazrebebs erovnuli problemebis 

dasmisa da gadaWris TvalsazrisiT werilebSi: `mozaikebi, magiuri 

Sandlebi" (1921 w.); `traRediis warmoSoba mistikis sulidan" (1922 w.); `1921- 

1922 7 maisi" (1922 w.); àpologia rusTavelisa" (1937 w.). yvela werilSi Cans 

avtoris swrafva, dagvanaxos saqarTvelos istoriuli misia, dagvexmaros 

erovnuli sulis gaRrmavebaSi, agvixsnas TiToeuli qarTvelis funqcia 

saqarTvelos sazogadoebasa da istoriaSi. aq gamoTqmuli Teoriuli 

mosazrebebi mxatvrulad transformirdeba mwerlis prozaul 

nawarmoebebSi (`dionisos Rimili", `mTvaris motaceba", `daviT 

aRmaSenebeli", `didostatis marjvena", `didi iosebi", `porcelani", `qalis 

rZe", `damsxvreuli Conguri"). 

2. k. gamsaxurdia Tavis werilebsa da eseebSi: `kargi evropieli" (1922 

w.); ìmpresionizmi da eqspresionizmi" (1922 w.); `galaktion tabiZis 

Jurnali" (1922 w.); àxali evropa, literaturuli parizi" (1924 w.) 

saqarTvelos erovnuli orientaciis problemas sxvadasxvagvarad gvixsnis. 

mwerali aRniSnavs, rom saWiroa qarTuli kulturis modernizeba. Tavad 

avtori dasavluri kulturis apologetia da miiCnevs, rom evropul 

kulturas swori gezi aqvs aRebuli. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom k. 

gamsaxurdias esTetikuri Teoriebi arasodesaa mowyvetili qarTuli 

istoriuli sinamdvilisagan. mis mosazrebebSi yovelTvis igrZnoba 

dasavlur kulturasTan usaxod Serwymis SiSi, erovnuli TviTmyofadobis 

dakargvis saSiSroeba, amitomac zemoaRniSnul werilebSi gamoTqmuli 

Teoriuli mosazrebebisagan gansxvavebiT k. gamsaxurdia mxatvrul 

SemoqmedebaSi eZiebs qarTuli erovnuli cnobierebis gadarCenis mesame 

gzas (`dionisis Rimili", `mTvaris motaceba"). 

3. k. gamsaxurdia saintereso azrs aviTarebs qarTuli enisa da misi 

kulturis ganuyoflobis Sesaxeb (`qarTuli enis meurneobisaTvis", 1956 w.). 

igi migviTiTebs, rom rogorc qarTuli ena qmnis ganmxoloebul jgufs 

msoflio enaTa ojaxebs Soris, ise misi erovnuli miswrafebebic sxvaTagan 

gansxvavebulia. k. gamsaxurdias azriT, swored qarTuli enis 

gansakuTrebulobam Seuwyo xeli qarTuli erovnuli TavisTavadobis 

sakiTxs. k. gamsaxurdiasaTvis ena erovnuli cnobierebis ganmsazRvreli 

169

faqtoria da dakavSirebulia saxelmwifoebriobis sakiTxTan. mwerali am 

mosazrebebs mxatvrulad transformirebulad warmosaxavs `didostatis 

marjvenaSi", `daviT aRmaSenebelsa" da `mTvaris motacebaSi", sadac avtori 

Tavisi maRali inteleqtiTa da sityvis gamomsaxvelobiTi ZaliT 

acocxlebs erovnuli problemis uRrmes Sreebs, wvdeba eris kulturisa 

da sulis uSores plastebs. 

4. k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi yvela personaJs moepoveba ara marto 

arqetipi - pirovneba, aramed arqetipi - ideac. pirovnebisa da arqetipis 

erToba qmnis mesame adamians, romelsac idea-adamiani ewodeba. konstantine 

gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi es mesame idea aris Tavisufali saqarTvelos 

simboluri gamoxatuleba, anu k. gamsaxurdias nagulisxmevi mesame gza, 

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis, Tavisuflebis gza. 

5. k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens wm. 

giorgis saxe-simbolo, romelic saxea gamaTavisuflebeli gmirisa, 

borotebis damTrgunveli naTlis raindisa, misi saxe-simbolo saukuneebis 

ganmavlobaSi udides zegavlenas axdenda qarTvelTa erovnul 

cnobierebaze. `landebTan lacicSi" gacxadebuli simpaTia wminda 

giorgisadmi amis dasturia da es Tema-motivi, rogorc eris gadarCenis 

simbolo, mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi mxatvrul transformacias ganicdis 

(`dionisos Rimili", `mTvaris motaceba", `tabu"). 

6. k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi yuradRebas iqcevs qarTuli mefobis 

instituti, rogorc erovnulobis safuZveli saqarTveloSi. giorgi 

pirvelisa da daviT aRmaSeneblis saxeebi konstantine gamsaxurdias 

SemoqmedebiT msoflmxedvelobriv prizmaSi metad maRalmxatvrulad 

asaxavs qarTvel mefeTa rols, da zogadad, samefo institutebis 

mniSvnelobas qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis da qarTuli erovnuli 

cnobierebisaTvis. 

7. erovnuli cnobierebis problematikasTan aris dakavSirebuli k. 

gamsaxurdias romanebsa da moTxrobebSi mkveTrad xazgasmuli erovnuli 

tradiciebisa da Cvulebebis mxatvruli transformacia. romlebic eris 

individualur saxes qmnian (`mTvaris motaceba", `dionisos Rimili", `daviT 

aRmaSenebeli"). 

8. dakarguli erovnuli sazrisis Ziebisa da pirvelqmnadobis 

SenarCunebis idea k. gamsaxurdias Semoqmedebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani 

170

sakiTxia. pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi 

moiazreba erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis aspeqtSi da ukavSirdeba 

Tavisuflebisa da maradiuli dabrunebis ideis gamovlenas. k. 

gamsaxurdias romanebis qveteqstebi miuTiTebs, rom swored warsulSi, 

rwmenasa da miTSia Cadebuli eris momavlis kodi. gardasuli epoqebis 

yvela Tqmuleba Tu legenda, garkveul miniSnebas iZleva eris momavlis 

Sesaxeb da amiT srulyofs Cvens erovnul cnobierebas (`mTvaris motaceba", 

`dionisos Rimili", `daviT aRmaSenebeli", `didostatis marjvena"). 

9. gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebSi sainteresod ikiTxeba qarTuli didi 

gvarebis istoria, romlebic uZvelesi warsulis gamo TiTqmis 

miTologiur saburvelSia gaxveuli. mwerlis azriT gvaris es miTosuri 

erTeulebi, anu arqetipebi zegavlenas axdens STamomavalTa fsiqikaze, maT 

pirovnul saxeze. es problemac erovnul aspeqtSi iSleba da saintereso 

mxatvrul saxeebSi transformirdeba (`mTvaris motaceba", `dionisos 

Rimili"). 

aseve did mniSvnelobas iZens k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi bibliuri 

siuJetebis ganfena mis mxatvrul sivrceSi, rac aseve ukavSirdeba erovnul 

cnobierebas (`mTvaris motaceba", `dionisos Rimili", `daviT aRmaSenebeli", 

`didostatis marjvena"). k. gamsaxurdias erovnuli msoflmxedvelobis 

Seswavla gvarwmunebs, rom dakarguli sazrisis pirveladi modelis, 

pirvelqmnadobis SenarCunebis idea xsnis gzas niSnavs. 

gamoyenebuli literatura: 

1. baqraZe a., miTologiuri engadi, Tbilisi: 1999. 

2. baqraZe a., miTi `mTvaris motacebaSi", `mnaTobi", #12, 1967. 

3. baqraZe a., dionises TviTmkvleloba (`dionises Rimilis Sesaxeb") 

`mnaTobi", 1968. 

171

4. baqraZe a., warmavlobis maradJamulad qceva (saubaria k. gamsaxurdias 

qalTa personaJebze), `skola da cxovreba~, #7, 1983. 

5. baqraZe a., mwerlobis moTviniereba, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sarangi~ 

1990. 

6. baqraZe a., kardu, Tbilisi: 1999. 

7. baqraZe a., mTvaris motacebis meditacia, `mnaTobi", #10, 1967. 

8. gamsaxurdia z., vefxistyaosnis saxismetyveleba, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1991. 

9. gamsaxurdia k., landebTan lacici (avtobiografiidan), `mnaTobi", #8-9, 

1963. 

10. gamsaxurdia k., Cemi programa Cemi eris samsaxuri iyo! `ganTiadi", #5, 

1975. 

11. gverdwiTeli g., mwerlebze da mwerlobaze, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1949. 

12. grigalaSvili n., skolaSi Sesaswavli qarTveli mwerlebi, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `lomisi", 1999. 

13. gomarTeli a., `mTvaris motacebis" saTauris gagebisaTvis, `pirveli 

sxivi" #9, 1973. 

14. doiaSvili T., materiaze gavliT - sulobisaken! (k. gamsaxurdias 

eqspresionistuli novela") `ciskari", #1, 1982. 

15. TvaraZe r., mTliani saqarTvelos mesityve, `ciskari", #12, 1969. 

16. TevzaZe Dd., konstantine gamsaxurdia da Tanamedroveoba, Tbilisi: 1996. 

17. iungeri-xotivari Stefi., `dionises Rimilis" struqtura da 

filosofiuri Zirebi, `ciskari", #10, 1982. 

18. iungi karl gustav, fsiqologia da alqimia, Tbilisi: 2005. 

19. kankava g., `dionises Rimilis" miTosuri struqtura (k. gamsaxurdias 

dionises Rimilis mixedviT), kritika, #2, 1983. 

20. kankava g., k. gamsaxurdias `didostatis marjvena", `mnaTobi", #9, 1958. 

21. kankava g., qarTuli istoriuli prozis tradiciebi (`didostatis 

marjvenis" Tematuri problematikidan), `mnaTobi", #5, 1962. 

22. kiknaZe z., Suamdinaruli miTologia, Tbilisi: 1976. 

23. kiknaZe z., qajaveTis ganZi, qarTuli lit. institutis samecniero 

konferecniis Tezisebi. Tbilisi: 1984. 

172

24. lomiZe g. saq. mecnierebaTa akademia, SoTa rusTavelis sax. qarTuli 

lit. institutis literaturuli Ziebani XIX Tbilisi: 1998. 

25. mazniaSvili g., mogonebani, baTumi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa aWara~, 1990. 

26. merkvilaZe g., ori bedi (werili pirveli) (k. gamsaxurdias ori romanis 

`mTvaris motaceba" da `vazis yvavloba" ganxilva), `ciskari" #12, 1963. 

27. miSvelaZe r., uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tbilisi: 2000. 

28. miwiSvili n., rCeuli, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 

1971. 

29. nikoleiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis 

narkvevebi, t. VII, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba ùniversali~, 2007. 

30. nikoleiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli literaturis istoriis 

narkvevebi, t. VI, quTaisi: universitetis gamomcemloba, 2005. 

31. nikoleiSvili a., XX saukunis qarTuli mwerloba, quTaisi: 

universitetis gamomcemloba, 2002. 

32. nikoleiSvili a., qarTvelologiuri etiudebi, I, quTaisi: 

universitetis gamomcemloba, 2010. 

33. onaSvili n., `didostatis marjvenis" xalxuri wyaroebi, qarTuli ena 

da lit. skolaSi, #1 1979. 

34. sigua s., `mTvaris motaceba" epoqis dokumenti, `kritika~, #2, 1989 w. 

35. sigua s., konstantine savarsamiZis sevda (dionises Rimilis), `kritika", 

#3, 1991. 

36. sigua s., `daviT aRmaSeneblis" nacionaluri politikuri arsi, 

`politika~, #5, 1991. 

37. sigua s., k. gamsaxurdias prozis struqtura, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`merani~, 1989. 

38. sigua s., mxatvruli azrovneba: genezisi da struqtura, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `didostati~, 2007. 

39. sigua s. qarTuli modernizmi, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `didostati~, 

2002. 

40. sigua s., martvili da alamdari, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `didostati~, 

1997. 

41. uznaZe d., filosofiuri Sromebi, Tbilisi: Tsu. gamomcemloba, 1984. 

42. qurdovaniZe T., qarTuli folklori, Tbilisi: 2001. 

173

43. SavguliZe g., franguli struqturalizmis Sesaxeb. `ganTiadi, #5-6 

2002. 

44. SaraZe g., ucxoeTis cis qveS, wigni mesame, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`merani~, 1993. 

45. Ciqovani m., mijaWvuli amirani, Tbilisi: 1947. 

46. CxeiZe i., `mTvaris motacebis" Tavisebureba, `mnaTobi", #4, 1969. 

47. CxeiZe i., k. gamsaxurdia (`mTvaris motaceba" da xasiaTebi), `ciskari" 

#1, 1962. 

48. CxeiZe r., nikoloz baraTaSvilidan luarsab TaTqariZemde, Tbilisi: 

2005. 

49. canava a., warmarTobis problema k. gamsaxurdias SemoqmedebaSi, 

`saxalxo ganaTleba~, 8 seqtemberi, 1972. 

50. canava a., warmarTobis problema k. gamsaxurdis SemoqmedebaSi. 

`saqarTvelos respublika~, 17-18 maisi, 1998. 

51. canava a., miTosuri aspeqtebi `vazis yvavilobaSi", `politika", #5, 1991. 

52. canava a., k. gamsaxurdia da qarTuli miTosi, èri~, 15 maisi. 1991. 

53. wereTeli m., eri da kacobrioba, Tbilisi: 1990. 

54. Wania l., k. gamsaxurdias erovnul-politikuri mrwamsi, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `bedia~, 1997. 

55. Wilaia s. uaxlesi qarTuli mwerloba, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1975. 

56. xelaia n., miuwvdomeli mwvervalebi, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`Tobalisi~, 2008. 

57. evropa Tu azia, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 1997. 

(Semdgenlebi n. xoperia, i. orjonikiZe) 

58. javaxiSvili iv., Txz. 12 tomad, t. I, Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1979. 

59. jorjaZe a., samSoblo da mamuliSviloba, Tbilisi: universitetis 

gamomcemloba, 1990. 

60. jaliaSvili m., qarTuli modernistuli romani, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `wyarosTvali~, 2006. 

61. literaturis Teoria, XX saukunis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri 

koncefciebi da mimdinareobebi, Tbilisi: literaturis institutis 


174

62. literaturuli Ziebani XXIX, Tbilisi: 2008. 

63. qarTuli folklori 4 (XX), Tbilisi: literaturis institutis 


64. uaxlesi qarTuli literaturis istoria, nawili I, Tbilisi: Tsu 


65. gr. robaqiZe, `graalis mcvelni", gascenirebuli n. gelaSvilis mier. 

`kldekari", #1, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1991. 

66. gaz. `samSoblo~, 25 Tebervali, 1991. 

67. `wminda giorgi Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi", Seadgina, gamosacemad 

moamzada, Sesavali da leqsik. dokument. daurTo enriko gabiZaSvilma, 

Tbilisi: 1991. 

68. sruliad saqarTvelos mweralTa pirveli yriloba, stenografiuli 

angariSi, saq. ssr. sax. gamomc. tf. 1926. 

naSromSi citatebi moyvanilia konstantine gamsaxurdias nawarmoebebis 

Semdegi gamocemebidan: 

1. gamsaxurdia k., Txzulebani 20 tomad, t. I, novelebi, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `didostati", 1992. 

2. gamsaxurdia k., t. VI, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 

1963. 

3. gamsaxurdia k., t. VIII, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1967. 

4. gamsaxurdia k., Txzulebani 20 tomad. t. II, dionisos Rimili, Tbilisi: 

gamomcemloba `didostati", 1992. 

5. gamsaxurdia k., mTvaris motaceba, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani", 1990. 

6. gamsaxurdia k., didostatis marjvena, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`nakaduli", 1990. 

7. gamsaxurdia k., vazis yvaviloba, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa 

saqarTvelo", 1978. 

8. gamsaxurdia k., daviT aRmaSenebeli, wigni I-II, Tbilisi: gamomcemloba 

`sabWoTa saqarTvelo", 1968. 

175

erovnuli cnobierebis mxatvruli interpretacia konstantine ...

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