Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

dabolos: ra akavSirebs erovnuli erTianobis ilia WavWavaZiseul koncefcias ernest
renanis erT gviandel naSromTan, romelTanac “osmalos saqarTvelos” arapirdapir
gadaZaxils miapyrobs yurs grigol yifSiZe.
frangi pozitivisti filosofosisa da religiaTa istorikosis, erT dros metad
saxelmoxveWili da sayovelTaod aRiarebuli ernest renanis (1823-1892) naSromi “ra aris eri?”
(“u’est-ce qu’une nation?”) faqtobrivad misi sajaro leqciaa, romelic man sorbonis
universitetSi waikiTxa 1882 wlis 11 marts 1 (sxvaTa Soris, renans ekuTvnis XIX saukuneSi
daumsaxureblad farTod gavrcelebuli wigni “iesos cxovreba”, romelic mimarTulia
qristianobis arsis winaaRmdeg da romelic pozitivisturi poziciidan afasebs ieso qristes
pirovnebas, misiasa da moZRvrebas).
renans miaCnia, rom “eris arsia, individuumebs hqondeT bevri saerTo bevri ramis
dasaviwyeblad” (92), magram ras SeiZleba efuZnebodes es erTianoba? istoriulad eris
erTianoba warmoiSoboda an dinastiis safuZvelze, an provinciaTa uSualo surviliT, an
saerTo suliskveTebiT, daemarcxebinaT feodalizmis axirebebi (93), magram mainc, XVIII
saukunemde erebis warmoSobis mTavari mamoZravebel-makavSirebeli muxti iyo dinastia.
Tanamedrove xanaSi ki erovnuli TviToba SesaZloa eyrdnobodes:
a) an rasas (magram renani ar iziarebs im Tvalsazriss, rom myari da mudmivi mxolod
adamianTa rasebia da rom rasis ufleba pirveladia; mas amgvari Sexeduleba miuRebladac
miaCnia da saxifaTodac, radgan Tanamedrove erebi TavisTavad arc erTgvarovanni arian da Tan
rasis cnebas sxvadasxva Sinaarss aniWeben, erTi mxriv, anTropologebi da fiziologebi,
romlebic sisxlismier naTesaobas gulisxmoben, xolo, meore mxriv, istorikosebi da
filologebi, romelTaTvisac niSneulia enobrivi naTesaoba, _ ase nairgvarad gamijnuli
rasobrivi dajgufebani ki ar emTxveva erTmaneTs; Sesabamisad, rasa nel-nela kargavs Tavis
mniSvnelobas);
b) an enas (Tumca renans miaCnia, rom adamianSi aris raRac, rac enaze maRla dgas: Tavad
adamianis swrafva; xolo erovnuli politikis dafuZneba enaze niSnavs damokidebulebas
filologiaze, iseve rogorc dafuZneba rasaze niSnavs damokidebulebas eTnografiaze; misi
azriT, enasTan SedarebiT ufro mniSvnelovania kultura, radgan “adamiani gonieri da
zneobrivi arsebaa... da igi sakuTar Tavs ama Tu im kulturas miakuTvnebs” _ 98);
g) an religias (magram, renanis azriT, religias ara aqvs sakmarisi safuZveli
Tanamedrove erovnebaTa dasafuZneblad da ver SeakavSirebs erovnul mTlianobas, radgan
“Cven aRar gvyavs masebi, romelTac erTnairad swamT, _ yovels swams Taviseburad, rogorc
SeuZlia, rogorc unda”, ris Sedegadac “religia gaxda sruliad individualuri” _ 99);
d) an interesTa erTobas (romelic frang filosofoss aseve ar miaCnia sakmaris pirobad
eris Sesaqmnelad);
e) an geografias (Tumca, renanis sityvebiT, “teritoria, iseve rogorc rasa, ar qmnis
erebs” da “eri sulieri sawyisia, istoriis Rrma garTulebaTa Sedegi, sulieri ojaxi da ara
jgufi, romelic ganpirobebulia zedapiris formiT” _ 100).
erovnuli erTianobis Sesaxeb am TvalsazrisTa ganxilvisa da miuReblobis Semdeg renani
ayalibebs sakuTar koncefcias. mas miaCnia, rom ers mTlianobad warsuli da momavali kravs:
“Tu pirveli maTgani mogonebaTa mdidari memkvidreobis erToblivi flobaa, meore aris
saerTo SeTanxmeba, survili, erToblivad icxovron, erToblivad gaagrZelon wilad xvdomili
daunawilebeli memkvidreobiT sargebloba” (100); “erovnebebi, rogorc individuumebi, Sedegia
xangrZlivi Zalisxmevisa, msxverplisa da TviTSezRudvisa” (100); “winaparTa kulti yvelaze
kanonieria yvela kults Soris, _ Cven winaprebma gagvxades imgvarni, rogorebic amJamad varT”
(100); “gmiruli warsuli, didi adamianebi, dideba (magram namdvili) _ ai, mTavari kapitali,
romelsac efuZneba erovnuli idea” (100); “saerTo didebis qona warsulSi, saerTo swrafvani
momavalSi diad qmedebaTa erTad Casadenad, maTi survili momavalSi _ ai, mTavari pirobebi
erad yofnisaTvis” (100); “amdenad, eri diadi solidarobaa, damyarebuli msxverplis grZnobaze,
romelic ukve gaRebulia da romlis gaRebasac apireben momavalSi. eri gulisxmobs warsuls,
magram awmyoSi is Sejamdeba xelSesaxebi faqtiT: esaa aSkarad gamoxatuli survili,
gagrZeldes erToblivi cxovreba” (101); “Cven gavaZeveT politikidan metafizikuri da
Teologiuri abstraqciebi. ra rCeba amis Semdeg? rCeba adamiani, misi swrafvani, misi
moTxovnilebani” (101); “diadi Sejgufeba adamianebisa saRi azriTa da mgznebare guliT qmnis
moralur cnobierebas, romelsac ewodeba eri” (102).
advilad ver vityviT, rom eris renaniseuli koncefcia, romelic gamoiTqva (an, ufro
sworad, _ warmoiTqva) ilias teqstis gamoqveynebis Semdeg, _ ernest renanis “ra aris eri?”
xuTi wliT CamorCeba ilia WavWavaZis “osmalos saqarTvelos”, _ mTlianad emTxveodes
erovnuli erTianobis iliaseul koncefcias, Tumca msgavsebanic SesamCnevia. gansakuTrebiT es
iTqmis im poziciaze, sadac sisxlismieri naTesaobac (ese igi gvartomoba), enac da
sarwmunoebac gamoricxulia eris warmomSob niSanTa wyebidan. magram SesamCnevia, rom ilia,
1 teqstis gverdebs wignis dausaxeleblad Semdgom mivuTiTebT im gamocemis mixedviT, romelsac, savaradod,
icnobda da eyrdnoboda grigol yifSiZe (ix. renani 1902: 87-101).
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