Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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peterburgTan. 1864 wels Tbilisidan samxreTisaken agebulma telegrafis xazma Tbilisi jer<br />
erevanTan, xolo Semdeg julfasTan daakavSira. amis Semdeg depeSebi gacvales Teiranma da<br />
Tbilisma. 1868 w. `simensma~ eqspluataciaSi gadasca telegrafis xazi Tbilissa da baqos Soris.<br />
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda 1870 wels v. simensis mier agebul im droisaTvis<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi yvelaze grZeli saxmeleTo telegrafis xazs, romelsac indo-evropis telegrafi<br />
uwodes. am xazs dasawyisi londonSi hqonda, gadioda berlinze, varSavaze, odesaze, qerCis<br />
srutis gavliT krasnodars aRwevda, Semdeg Savi zRvisaken uxvevda, soxumze, quTaisze da<br />
Tbilisze gavliT indoeTisaken miemarTeboda (karbelaSvili 1974: 43).<br />
i. WavWavaZe, rodesac sazRvargareTis qveynebis axali istoriis, imdroindeli<br />
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis Sesaxeb Rrma Sinaarsis, mecnierulad argumentirebul<br />
werilebs beWdavda, misi naazrevis ZiriTadi wyaro indoevropuli telegrafiT miRebuli<br />
ms<strong>of</strong>lios cnobili sainformacio saagentoebis mier gadmocemuli cnobebi iyo.<br />
`axali drois~ damsaxureba iyo isic, rom XIX saukunis 70-iani wlebidan qarTuli<br />
perioduli presa momravlda, ∗ ramac saSualeba misca i. WavWavaZes da sxva qarTvel moRvaweebs<br />
ufro meti yuradReba daeTmoT sazRvarzed mimdinare movlenebis gaSuqebisaTvis. amasTanave<br />
Seiqmna garkveuli sirTuleebic. Tu aqamde qarTuli periodikis mesveurebi korespondentebis<br />
naklebobas uCiodnen, axla sxva dabrkoleba gaCnda — mkiTxvelTa didi nawili moumzadebeli<br />
iyo `seriozuli~ werilebisaTvis. axali drois, axali cxovrebis, axali sagnebisa da<br />
movlenebis aRmniSvneli sityvebi maTTvis gaugebari, Zneli misaxvedri iyo. dakvirvebuli<br />
mkiTxveli SeamCnevs, roca i. WavWavaZe periodul presaSi sazRvargareTis qveynebis istoriis<br />
sakiTxebs, maT sagareo Tu saSinao politikas ganixilavs, mkiTxvelisaTvis ufro gasagebi rom<br />
gaxados, xSirad Tavis werilebSi iyenebs moxdenil aforizmebs, kalamburebs, andazebsa da a. S.<br />
(baluevi 1971: 247). ∗∗<br />
axali drois saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sakvanZo sakiTxebisa da ucxo qveynebis<br />
istoriis problematuri kiTxvebis qarTuli periodikis furclebze gaSuqeba, maTi gacnoba<br />
qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis carizmis koloniuri politikis winaaRmdeg brZolis<br />
optimaluri gzebis Ziebis saSualebac iyo. amitom mefis ruseTis cenzura amgvari Sinaarsis<br />
werilebis mimarT gansakuTrebul yuradebas da simkacres iCenda. am mxriv i. WavWavaZes da mis<br />
mier daarsebul iverias~ didi dabrkolebebis gadalaxva uxdeboda. miuxedavad imisa, rom s.<br />
mesxis wyalobiT, qarTuli periodikis organoebma (jer gaz. `droebam~, Semdeg sxvbmac)<br />
sacenzuro komitetisagan garkveuli SeRavaTebi miiRes. ∗<br />
ilias mdidari literaturul-publicisturi memkvidreoba did masalas iZleva<br />
sazRvargareTis qveynebis ara mxolod axali drois istoriuli faqtebisa da movlenebis<br />
SefasebisaTvis, aramed ms<strong>of</strong>lio istoriuli procesebis, istoriisb filos<strong>of</strong>iis zogadi<br />
problemebis Sesaxebac.<br />
ilia aRiarebs, rom buneba garkveul kanonzomierebebs emorCileba, rom buvneba<br />
ganuwyvetel moZraobaSia, igi warmoSobisa da mospobis mudmiv procesSia. amitom adamiani<br />
bunebas ki ar unda daupirispirdes, aramed man bunebis kanonebis Sesabamisad unda imoqmedos.<br />
i. WavWavaZem mravali naSromi miuZRvna sazogadoebrivi cxovrebisa da istoiiis<br />
ganviTarebis sakiTxebs: sazogadoebis ganviTarebis formebi, geografiuli garemos roli,<br />
pirovnebis roli istoriaSi, y<strong>of</strong>ierebisa da cnobierebis urTierTdamokidebulebis<br />
sakiTxebi... aseTia im problemebis arasruli nusxa, romlebic misi interesebis sferos<br />
Seadgenda. igi Tavis zogad filos<strong>of</strong>iur koncefciebze dayrdnobiT ganixilavda ms<strong>of</strong>lioSi<br />
mimdinare istoriul proesebs, maT Soris, axali istoriis sakiTxebs.<br />
imdroindeli saqarTvelos interesebidan gamomdinare, ilia gansakuTrebul yuradRebas<br />
iCenda kolonizatorebis winaaRmdeg aziis, afrikis, amerikisa da evropis Cagruli xalxebis<br />
gamanTavisuflebeli brZolebis mimarT.<br />
∗ 1871 wels, qarTul enaze, xuTi perioduli gamocema arsebobda (`droeba~, `mnaTobi~,<br />
`ciskari~, `krebuli~, `sas<strong>of</strong>lo gazeTi~), maSin, roca sul cota xnis win erTi<br />
Jurnalic ki sanatreli iyo.<br />
∗∗ aseTi mdgomareoba iyo XIX s. 60-iani wlebis ruseTSic.<br />
∗ 1870 wels s. mesxma TxovniT mimarTa kavkasiaSi mefisnacvlis mTavar sammarTvelos<br />
imisaTvis, rom gaz. @droebis~ politikuri gany<strong>of</strong>ilebis gafarToebis ufleba miecaT<br />
misTvis da daerToT neba imisa, rom rusuli periodikidan TviTon amoerCia<br />
politikuri cnobebi da ganemarta isini (aqamde @droebas~ SeeZlo sami rusuli<br />
gazeTidan @russki invalid~, `severnaia poCta~ da `kavkaz~-idan gadmoebeWda mxolod<br />
politikuri cnobebi). s. mesxs misces imis ufleba, rom `droebis~ redaqciisaTvis<br />
Tavis Sexedulebisamebr rusuli gazeTebidan amoerCia masalebi da ganemartTa isini<br />
im pirobiT, Tu es ganmartebebi cenzuris moTxovneba daakmay<strong>of</strong>ilebda. ix. sscia, f.<br />
480, anaw. 1, saq. 172, f. 4.<br />
76
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