Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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igavuri metyvelebis bibliuri principi<br />
ilia WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
mariam niniZe<br />
sxvadasxva religiur-kulturul arealSi esTetikac sxvadasxvagvari yalibdeba.<br />
qarTuli mwerlobis mravalsaukunovan istorias safuZvlad qristianuli tradiciebi da<br />
Rirebulebebi udevs. es exeba rogorc Zvel, ise axal literaturas. sabWoTa periodSi am<br />
faqtis ugulvebely<strong>of</strong>a xdeboda, `realizmi~ lamis `materializmTan~ igivdeboda, XIX saukunis<br />
mwerlebis, maT Soris ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmedeba ki aTeisturi poziciidan ganixileboda. es<br />
mniSvnelovnad akninebda imdroindeli literaturaTmcodneobis mecnierul Rirebulebas.<br />
dResdReobiT sarwmunoebriv sakiTxTa kvlevas tabu aexsna magram Zveli kliSeebi mainc<br />
moqmedebs. amis gamo mamuliSviluri siyvarulis iliaseul koncefciaSi, mis mier gatarebul<br />
orTografiul reformasa da qristianuli suliskveTbiT gajerebul mxatvrul simbolikaSi<br />
zogjer kvlav sarwmunoebis desakralizaciasa da sekularizacias vxedavT.<br />
RmerTis Canacvleba amqveyniuri, miwieri faqtorebiT (sekularizacia) _ ar esadageba<br />
ilia WavWavaZis mrwamss. miuxedavad aSkara sakralizaciisa, mamuls mis gulsa da gonebaSi<br />
RmerTis adgili arasodes daukavebia. piriqiT, ilias nawerebSi yvelgan igrZnoba, rom qveynis<br />
siyvaruli RvTisgan naswavlebi, misTvis misaRebi, da ara masTan dapirispirebuli, grZnobaa.<br />
`eha, mamulo, Senis trfobis Zalsa RvTiursa, ra daudgeba?~ (WavWavaZe 1987: 206); `mamuls migca<br />
zecama~ (WavWavaZe 1987: 86); `sazrdod xmarobde qristesa mcnebas~(WavWavaZe 1987: 68) wers igi.<br />
mamuli da ena mis triadaSi sarwmunoebiT aris Sekruli da dagvirgvinebuli (WavWavaZe 1991: 30).<br />
sekularizaciis kvali ar Cans arc mwerlis sazogadoebriv wamowyebebSi, maT Soris<br />
orTografiul reformaSi. Tavisufali neba, romelic RmerTma adamians mianiWa, gulisxmobs<br />
yovel wuTs alternativis winaSe dgomas. es dilema xSirad rTuli gadasawyvetia, magram<br />
orTagan ufro mniSvnelovanze arCevanis gakeTebac macxovarma gvaswavla. miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom adamianebs SabaTi uqmed ganuwesa, maTTvis sasikeTod (maT gansaswavlad, gansakurneblad<br />
da sxv.) am SezRudvis darRvevac Tavad dauSva, imitom, rom wesebze ufro mniSvnelovani<br />
misTvis adamiani iyo. macxovris TqmiT: `taZrisa ufrois ars aqa... ufal ars Ze kacisai<br />
SabaTisaca~ (m. 12. 6-8). davufiqrdeT, aso-niSanTa sistemaSi cvlilebis ganxorcielebisas ra<br />
unda y<strong>of</strong>iliyo mniSvnelovani iliasaTvis.<br />
xmarebidan amoRebul asoebs, rogorc grafikul da ara semantikur elementebs, araTu<br />
religiasTan, arcerT konkretul TemasTan an SinaarsTanac ar hqonia raime kavSiri. imis gamo,<br />
rom maT ar gaaCnda sityvaTganmasxvavebeli, distinqturi funqcia, salaparako enam maTze<br />
TavisTavad Tqva uari da ilias drois zepir metyvelebaSi isini aRar ixmareboda. arc am<br />
faqtobrivi viTarebiT da arc ilias mier maTze uaris Tqmis dakanonebiT Cveni enis<br />
gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebi, maT Soris religiuri Sinaarsis gamoxatvis unari,<br />
odnavadac ar dakninebula, dadebiTi mxare ki am movlenas namdvilad hqonda.<br />
XIX saukunis meore naxevris dasawyisSi wera-kiTxva ar icoda saqarTvelos mosaxleobis<br />
sakmaod didma nawilma da, rogorc imdroindel dokumentur da mxatvrl masalebSi, Tundac<br />
ilias moTxroba `glaxis naambobSi~ Cans, bevrs misi swavla miuRwevladac ki eCveneboda<br />
(WavWavaZe 1988: 143-145, 148-152). ufunqcio asoebis arseboba saqmes arTulebda,<br />
orTografiulma reformam ki qarTuli wera-kiTxva gacilebiT ufro xelmisawvdomi gaxada<br />
yvela wodebis, asakisa da gonebrivi SesaZleblobis adamianisaTvis. es wamowyeba konkretuli,<br />
praqtikuli interesebidan gamomdinareobda da araviTari kavSiri ar hqonia<br />
sekularizaciasTan.<br />
ilia WavWavaZis dapirispireba ufros TaobasTan religiur niadagze ar momxdara, igi<br />
literaturis sakiTxebze paeqrobiT daiwyo. marTalia, `mamebs~ Tavdapirvelad moeCvenaT, rom<br />
axalgazrdebi ufrosebis esTetikuri principebis saxiT sarwmunoebas upirispirdebodnen,<br />
magram Tavis pasuxSi iliam garkveviT ganmarta, rom misTvis miuRebeli farisevloba iyo da<br />
ara qristianoba (WavWavaZe 1987: 142,143). es ganacxadi movlenaTa Semdgomma ganviTarebamac<br />
daadastura. samocianelebma formalobamde dayvanili rwmena gamoacocxles da mamulis<br />
droSasTan erTad qristes jvaric Rirseulad atares. saintereso faqtia, rom vaxtang da<br />
grigol orbelianebis lirikaSi, religiuri Tematika ilia WavWavaZis `mamao Cvenos...~ Semdeg<br />
gaCnda. axali Taobis gulwrfeloba da simarTle mogvianebiT `mamebmac~ gaacnobieres. amis<br />
dasturia Tundac is, rom grigol orbelianma Tavisi axali leqsi _ `fsalmuni~, udidesi<br />
pativiscemis gamomxatvel pirad werilTan erTad, swored ilias gaugzavna Sesafaseblad da<br />
dasabeWdad.<br />
pirovnebis mrwamsi SesaZloa ara mxolod Teoriul naazrevSi, aramed calkeuli<br />
principebis, struqturebisa da elementebisadmi damokidebulebaSic gamomJRavndes, magram es<br />
yovelive garkveuli Sinaarsis matarebeli unda iyos da maT mowonebas Tu uary<strong>of</strong>as Sesabamisi<br />
axsna unda gaaCndes. amis demonstrireba SegviZlia leqsikisadmi ilias damokidebulebis<br />
CvenebiT. sityvieri maragis gasamdidreblad mas saukeTeso gzad swored bibliuri wyaroebiT<br />
sargebloba miaCnda. amas mowmobs mwerlis gamonaTqvami: `ueWvelia, Zriel gonivrad iqceva isa,<br />
vinc mudam Jams kiTxulobs saRmrTo werilsa. imis wamkiTxavi ornairad aris sargeblobaSi,<br />
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