Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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elene gogiaSvili<br />
qarTuli folklori erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis<br />
ideologiur samsaxurSi<br />
erovnuli kulturuli memkvidreoba umniSvnelovanes rols TamaSobda imperiebSi<br />
Semavali patara qveynebisTvis maT ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobebSi.<br />
sakuTari tradiciebis dacva Zlieri iaraRia identobis SesanarCuneblad. tradiciisken<br />
mibrunebis fenomeni SeiZleba politikur elfersac atarebdes. istoria mdidari wyaroa<br />
saimisod, rom Sesabamisi faqtebi politikur programad iqnas SemoTavazebuli. istoriul<br />
dokumentebTan erTad eris siZvelis suraTis Sesaqmnelad warmatebiT gamoiyeneba<br />
folkloruli wyaroebi: xalxuri gadmocemebi, sagmiro Tqmulebebi da baladebi, legendebi,<br />
memoratebi, romlebic nacionalur istoriul gmirebs ukavSirdebian.<br />
folklori erovnuli TviTmy<strong>of</strong>adobis gamovlenis TvalsaCino saSualebaa, magram<br />
amasTan erTad didia misi gaqrobis saSiSroebac, Tu is droulad ar iqna dafiqsirebuli.<br />
folklorisadmi interesis gaZlierebas yvela qveyanaSi Tavisi mizezi hqonda. dasavleT<br />
evropaSi zepirsityviereba romantizmis STagonebis wyarod iqca. centralur evropaSi<br />
zRaprebis Sekrebas Zmebi grimebis moRvaweobam misca biZgi. berZnebis, bulgarelebis,<br />
serbebisa da balkaneTis sxva xalxebSi, romlebic Turqebis mier iyvnen dapyrobili,<br />
folklorisadmi interesis gaRviZebas ganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobam Seuwyo xeli (Stegheri<br />
2005: 2-11). rusuli folkloruli masalis Sekreba samecniero mizniT daiwyo.<br />
aRmosavleT evropis xalxebis erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba inspirirebuli<br />
iyo iohan gotfrid herderis (1744-1803) „ideebiT kacobriobis istoriis filos<strong>of</strong>iisaTvis“,<br />
ramac slavi xalxebis e. w. erovnul xelaxla dabadebas Seasxa frTebi. herderi xalxur<br />
poeziaSi xalxis sulis WeSmarit gamoxatulebas xedavda. igi miiCnevda, rom eris tradiciebSi<br />
areklilia eris Tvisebebi, romlebic bunebrivi cvlilebebisa da sulieri idealebis Sedegad<br />
Camoyalibdnen (pr<strong>of</strong>anova 1999: 219). Volksgeist niSnavda xalxis suls [germaneli mecnieri h.<br />
bauzingeri miiCnevs, rom es sxva enebze es sityva „nacionalur sulad“ unda iTargmnebodes _ e.<br />
g.] da miznad isaxavda axali politikuri reJimis xedvas, romelSic sxvadasxva xalxebi<br />
erTaderTobas miaRwevdnen da sxva xalxebs gamoey<strong>of</strong>odnen (bauzingeri 1992: 74).<br />
„folksgaistis“ idea folkloristebisTvis gamowvevad da stimulad iqca. maT yvelafris<br />
Segroveba daiwyes, rasac xalxur siZveled miiCnevdnen, rom axali erovnuli koncefciisTvis<br />
SeewyoT xeli.<br />
me-19 saukune: folklori da erovnuli ideologia<br />
saqarTveloSi folklorisadmi interesi gaCnda ara romantizmis epoqaSi, rogorc es<br />
evropaSi moxda, aramed mogvianebiT, me-19 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi. zepiri kulturuli<br />
memkvidreobis mniSvneloba, folkloris mxatvruli, SemecnebiTi da istoriuli Rirebuleba<br />
saTanado doneze manamde ver gaacnobiera qarTulma sazogadoebriobam, sanam samoRvaweo<br />
asparezze ilia WavWavaZe ar gamoCnda.<br />
kavkasia, rogorc ruseTis imperiis urTulesi regioni, me-19 saukunis 40-iani wlebidanve<br />
iyo eTnografiuli Seswavlis obieqti. mis kvlevas rusi mecnierebis mier mkveTrad<br />
gamoxatuli imperialisturi mimarTuleba hqonda (jagodniSvili 2004: 136).<br />
maSin, roca carizmis politika folklorul da eTnografiul aRwerebs<br />
administraciuli dazvervis saSualebad iyenebda, qarTuli folklori erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli<br />
moZraobis erT-erTi iaraRi gaxda. xalxuri Semoqmedebis — rogorc<br />
zepirsityvierebis, ise musikaluri folkloris _ nimuSebis Sekrebas am epoqis udidesi<br />
moRvaweebi moTaveobdnen: i. gogebaSvili, r. erisTavi, al. yazbegi, p. umikaSvili, T.<br />
razikaSvili da sxvebi (Ciqovani 1960: 138-179). ilia WavWavaZem ki eTnografiuli da<br />
folkloruli masalis Sekrebis garda maTi mecnierulad Seswavlis aucileblobis sakiTxi<br />
dasva. werilSi „xalxis zne-CveulebaTa Seswavlis Sesaxeb“ vkiTxulobT:<br />
„xalxis cxovreba yovelmxriv da harmoniulad unda SeviswavloT; imis yovelgvari<br />
gonebiTi nawarmoebi unda SevkriboT [...]. erTis romelisame sagnis amoCemeba, imisi ‚modad‘<br />
daweseba da sxva sagnebis daviwyeba _ kargi arasdros ar y<strong>of</strong>ila da arc CvenTvis iqneba.<br />
saxalxo poezia kargia, magram roca marto imisi Sekreba izidavs mTelis inteligenciis<br />
yuradRebas, roca es Sekreba ‚modad‘ xdeba, maSin saWiroa, rom sxva sagnebisakenac miixedos<br />
ganaTlebulma sazogadoebam. saWiroa, rom Cvenma naswavlma sazogadoebam erTad Tavi<br />
moiyaros, moilaparakos, aswon-daswonos yoveliferi am sagnis Sesaxeb da programa Seadginos<br />
xalxis zne-CveulebaTa SeswavlisaTvis. Tu yvelgan amas misdeven, gana CvenTvis ki dro ar<br />
aris?“ (WavWavaZe 1987: 164). faqtobrivad, am werilSi ilia WavWavaZem axalgazrda mecnierebis<br />
_ folkloristikis programa warmoadgina, romliTac qarTvel mecnierebs momavalSi unda<br />
exelmZRvanelaT.<br />
44
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