Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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ilias SemoqmedebasTan. revoluciis damarcxebam arans sabolood gautexa guli da igi didi<br />
xniT dadumda.<br />
ianoS arani, rogorc ilia WavWavaZe, moRvaweobda gviani romantizmis, realizmis<br />
formirebisa da ganmtkicebis periodSi. XIX s-is ungruli literaturis da politikuri<br />
azrovnebis mwvervalad iTvleba Sandor petefi misi xanmokle sicocxlis miuxedavad. petefis<br />
uaxloesi megobari ianoS arani Tavisi lirikuli, Tu epikuri nawarmoebebiT da prozaikosi<br />
ioJef etvioSi petefTan erTad ungrul literaturaSi realizmis fuZemdeblebad iTvlebian.<br />
maTi pirveli nabijebi win uswrebs 1848-1849 wlebis burJuaziul revolucias, romelic<br />
erovnuli Tavisuflebis niSniT moxda da romelsac didi represiebi mohyva Tan. es revolucia<br />
Tavisi daniSnulebiT mohgavs saqarTveloSi 1832 wlis SeTqmulebas, romelic sastikad CaaxSo<br />
mefis ruseTis TviTmpyrobelobam da romelsac aseve masobrivi represiebi mohyva. rogorc<br />
cnobilia, petefi revoluciis dros brZolis velze daiRupa gmiruli sikvdiliT, xolo sxva<br />
revolucionerebi zogi masaviT daiRupa, zogi emigraciaSi wavida, zogic saerTod dadumda.<br />
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobam XIX s-Si ungreTSic da saqarTveloSic krizisi<br />
ganicada, Tumca mis brZolas mohyva orivegan baton-ymobis gauqmeba, rac TavisTavad win<br />
gadadgmuli nabiji iyo da rac aisaxa rogorc ungreli, aseve — qarTveli mwerlebis<br />
nawarmoebebSi — aranisa da ilias SemoqmedebaSic.<br />
ianoS aranis periiodis gamoCenili politikuri moRvawe iyo laioS koSuti (1802-1894) _<br />
`mama koSutad~ wodebuli, Tavisi gazeTiT `peSti hirlop~ (peStis gazeTi), romelic ormociani<br />
wlebis ungreTSi gamodioda da romelic male miatova koSutma. am gazeTTan<br />
TanamSromlobdnen ioJef etvioSi, laslo salai, antal Cengeri, moric lukaCi, axalgazrda<br />
imre madaCi da sxvebi. male gamosvla daiwyo Jurnalma `iletkipekma~ (cxovrebis suraTebi),<br />
romlis redaqtoric iyo demokratiuli azrovnebiT gamorCeuli adolf frankeburgi. am<br />
JurnalTan TanamSromlobdnen petefi, mor iokai, tompa, albert palfi da sxvebi.<br />
demokratizmis ganviTarebas uwyobdnen xels mihai tanCiCi, ianoS horariki da pal vaSvari.<br />
tanCiCis redaqtorobiT gamodioda `muSaTa gazeTi~, romelsac progresuli ideebis gamo<br />
ebrZoda Tavad-aznaurTa liberaluri banaki. xalxuri simRerebis stilSi werdnen<br />
transilvanieli poetebi ianoS kriza da mihai sentivani. im periodis gamoCenili lirikosi iyo<br />
mihai tompa, romelic agreTve warmatebiT iyenebda ungrul folklors da iyo petefisa da<br />
aranis axlo megobari da Tanamoazre. iyvnen aseve romanistebi da dramaturgebi ignac noZi,<br />
laioS kuti, ede sigligeti, Jigmond kemeni, mor iokai, pal diulai, imre madaCi, romlis<br />
dramamac `adamianis tragedia~ ianoS aranis maRali Sefaseba daimsaxura. zemoT CamoTvlili<br />
mwerlebis saqmianoba metad axlos aris ilias periodis `TergdaleulTa~ moZraobasTan,<br />
romelic ibrZoda Cvens qveyanaSi erovnuli sulis gaRvivebisa da sasikeTo ZvrebisaTvis. aseve<br />
— zemoxsenebuli ungreli mwerlebis moRvaweoba mogvagonebs `mamaTa da SvilTa brZolas~<br />
`ciskrisa~ da `saqarTvelos moambis~ furclebze saqarTvelos ganaxlebisaTvis,<br />
demokratiuli ideebis damkvidrebisaTvis, realizmis ganviTarebisaTvis literaturaSi. aqve<br />
unda vTqvaT, rom ianoS arani ar Careula amgvar literaturul paeqrobebSi, xolo ilia<br />
WavWavaZe meTauri iyo `SvilTa~ da `TergdaleulTa~ banakisa. iliasgan gansxvavebiT, aranis<br />
Semoqmedeba or periodad iy<strong>of</strong>a: XIX s-is 40-ian wlebamde da XIX s-is 50-iani wlebidan<br />
sicocxlis bolomde. Tu pirvel periodSi arani samSoblos TavisuflebisaTvis Seudrekel<br />
mebrZolad gvevlineba, meore periodSi misi poeziis lirikuli gmiri ukve<br />
damarcxebagadatanili, gulgatexili, filos<strong>of</strong>iuri azrebiT da cxovrebis av-kargianobis<br />
Sesaxeb msjelobiT aris aRbeWdili, Tumca swored meore periodSi dawera man Tavisi erT-erTi<br />
uZlieresi poema, trilogiis Sua nawili `toldis siyvaruli~ da araerTi lirikuli leqs-<br />
Sedevri, gaerTianebuli ciklad `Semodgomis yvavilebi~. aranis mebrZoli suliskveTeba<br />
Secvala agreTve y<strong>of</strong>iTi TemebiT gatacebam da is ukve aRar qmnida iseT leqsebs, romelsac<br />
avstrieli cenzorebi ar ubeWdavdnen, an adre hqonda dabWdili (`Raribi glexi~, `patimari~,<br />
`tyve yaryati~, `qera pani~ da sxva). Tavisi naturiT arani ar iyo revolucioneri da Tavisi<br />
ojaxis keTildReobisaTvis araerTxel wasula mTavrobasTan kompromisze. igi martosuli<br />
darCa sicocxlis bolomde, gansakuTrebiT — petefis Semdeg. bolo Jams igi ungreTis Sinagan<br />
saqmeTa saministroSic ki muSaobda, romelic avstrias eqvemdebareboda — Tumca misi saxeli<br />
ungrelma xalxma samudamod daukavSira revolucias.<br />
garda poeziisa, aranis kalams ekuTvnis publicistur-kritikuli xasiaTis werilebi,<br />
romelnic CvenTvis jer-jerobiT miuwvdomeli aRmoCnda da romelTa Sedarebac ilias<br />
publicistikisaTvis saintereso suraTs mogvcemda. Tumca, es ukve momavlis saqmea.<br />
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