Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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ganxilvis safuZvelze. ilias aRniSnuli werili miCneulia erTgvar monaxazad im gamokvlevisa,<br />
romelic mwerals Cafiqrebuli hqonia axali qarTuli mwerlobis Sesaxeb.<br />
ilia WavWavaZis azriT, am mxriv daviT guramiSvilma `scada TiTqmis pirvelad<br />
zogierTTagan rasakvirvelia, evropeizmis Semotana qarTuli leqsis gamoTqmaSi; aleqsandre<br />
WavWavaZe, romelic ufro xSirad cdilobda mag. evropeizmis ganvrcelebasa, magram magasac<br />
aqvs figuraluri leqsi; gr. orbeliani, gamgrZelebeli evropeizmisa; n. baraTaSvili,<br />
brwyinvale warmomadgeneli evropeizmisa; exlandeli mwerlebi, romelnic baZaven mag.<br />
evropiul gamoTqmasa, magram TavianTi azrebis mimarTulebiT, ideebiT, Zvelebsa hgvanan~<br />
(WavWavaZe 1953: 457; Srd.: WumburiZe 1974: 183). zemoT motanil SexedulebebTan dakavSirebiT,<br />
savsebiT marTebulad aris miTiTebuli isic, rom aq saqme gvaqvs `qarTuli literaturis<br />
istoriis mTliani procesis gaazrebasTan~, rom `ilia pirveli Seecada aRedgina erovnuli<br />
literaturis TandaTanobiTi ganviTarebisa da momwifebis procesi~ (WumburiZe 1974: 182),<br />
magram es TavisTavad sagulisxmo daskvnebi, iq sadac `axali literaturis~, misi gagebis da<br />
sakuTriv `evropeizmis~ iliaseul interpretacias exeba avtori, Tavis arsebiT nawilSi mainc<br />
saWiroebs garkveul axsnas, radgan yvelasaTvis savsebiT naTeli SeiZleba ar iyos gamoTqma<br />
ilias mxriv `evropeizmis~ cnebis `farTod gagebis~ Sesaxeb, Tuki mas ar daerTo ganmarteba, ra<br />
igulisxmeba `farTod gagebul~ `evropeizmis~ cnebaSi.<br />
`evropeizmis~ problemas qarTul literaturaSi, rogorc cnobilia, specialuri<br />
monografia miuZRvna daviT laSqaraZem (laSqaraZe 1977:); masSi detaluradaa gadmocemuli da<br />
dasistemebuli ilia WavWavaZis literaturul-kritikul naazrevSi `evropeizmis~ xsenebis<br />
yvela SemTxeva Tu nagulisxmevi Sinaarsi.<br />
mocemul SemTxevaSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs imis garkvevas, iliamde vin moimarjva<br />
es cneba qarTul mwerlobaSi. 1 mTavari isaa, Tu ra SinaarsiT itvirTeba is TviT iliasagan da<br />
ramdenad uaxlovdeba didi mwerali am cnebis gagebis Tanamedrove modifikaciebs. amasTan,<br />
savsebiT cxadi araa, Tu ra igulisxmeba `erovnuli literaturis~ `erovnul safuZvelze<br />
ganviTarebaSi~, `erovnuli sulis~ gamoxatvis ukmarisobasa da imaSi, Tu ratom iTvleba<br />
`xalxis sulieri cxovrebis siRrmeSi Caxedva~ maincdamainc `evropeizmis~ niSnad. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, arc isaa mTlad naTeli mxolod erovnuli Tematikis gaZlierebis gamo, ratom<br />
SeiZleba CaiTvalos daviT guramiSvili `evropeizmis~ pirvel Semomtanad. amasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT, qarTuli literaturis mkvlevarni (menabde 1973; caiSvili 1986; siraZe 1980)<br />
xSirad ixseneben daviT guramiSvilis Sesaxeb ilia WavWavaZis mosazrebas misi cnobili<br />
werilidan: `ra mizezia, rom kritika ara gvaqvs~: `daviT guramiSvilis... didaqtikuri poezia<br />
pirs ar Seircxvens Tund lukrecis, virgilis da horacios didaqtikur poezias dauyeneT<br />
piris-pir, da romlis sawrmunoebrivi RaRadeba daviT winaswarmetyvelis fsalmunebis<br />
simaRlemdea asuli~ (WavWavaZe 1953: 153).<br />
literaturaTmcodneobis Tanamedrove etapze, axla, roca saguldagulo dakvirvebis<br />
sagnadaa qceuli `daviTianis~ filos<strong>of</strong>iuri wyaroebi, poetis mimarTeba antikur samyarosTan,<br />
kerZod `filos<strong>of</strong>os epikuris~ memkvidreobasTan (mosia 1986: 83-90) da SemoqmedebiT naTesaoba<br />
qristianul kulturasTan, sagangebod ki `daviT-fsalmunis avtorTan (mosia 1986: 97-101),<br />
SeiZleba erTgvarad ganzogaddes adre Catarebul StudiaTa Sedegebi da gadauWarbeblad<br />
iTqvas: ilia WavWavaZe qarTul sinamdvileSi pirveli moazrovnea, romelsac savsebiT<br />
gacnobierebuli aqvs `axali drois~, `axali adamianis~ da masTan mimarTebaSi `evropeizmis~,<br />
rogorc kulturul-istoriuli movlenis, problema. rasakvirvelia, CvenSi iliamdec<br />
grZnobdnen am sakiTxis aqtualobas, rogorc Cans, iyenebdnen kidec `axali drois~ gamomxatvel<br />
sayrden cnebas _ `evropeizms~, magram naTlad ar hqondaT warmodgenili misi raoba.<br />
`axali drois~ da, mis kvalobazed, `evropeizmis~ obieqtis _ `axali adamianis~ ZiriTad<br />
maxasiaTeblad ki iTvleba pirovnebis bunebriv uflebaTa da erovnebis kulturuli<br />
TviTgamorkvevisken swrafva. es ki bunebrivad ukavSirdeba `Tanamedroe adamianis~ gagebas.<br />
xolo iungis mixedviT, `Tanamedroveoba qronologiuri movlena ki ar aris, aramed<br />
kulturul-fsiqologiuri. iyo Tanamedrove adamani _ upirveles yovlisa niSnavs gesmodes<br />
awmyo, rac SeiZleba naklebad imy<strong>of</strong>ebode aracnobieris tyveobaSi, SegeZlos momavlis TvaliT<br />
Sexedo da Seafaso Seni dro~ (ix.: yiasaSvili 1988: 24).<br />
aqedan gamomdinare, `rodesac laparakia Tanamedrove adamianze, mis mrwamsze, am mrwamsSi<br />
igulisxmeba mecniereba ara misi Sinaarsis, aramed mecnierebisadmi ndobis, misdami imedis<br />
TvalsazrisiT~ (kodua 1978: 160); ramdenadac esaa azrovnebisa da sinamdvilisadmi imgvari<br />
damokidebuleba, romelic gulisxmobs berZnul-romaul da bibliis kulturul samyaros<br />
memkvidreobas, romelsac axali drois gadasxvaferebul garemoSi erTvis adamianis, rogorc<br />
socialuri ujredisadmi, gamaxvilebuli interesi, rac Rrma fsiqologizmsa da adamianTa<br />
urTierTdamokidebulebaSia gamJRavnebuli, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ilia WavWavaZe Tavisi<br />
Rrma inteleqtiT da araCveulebrivi intuiciiT unisonSia `evropeizmis~ gagebis Tanamedrove<br />
interpretaciebTan. is aRiarebs mecnierebisa da xelovnebis yovlisSemZle Zalas (ix. misi<br />
1<br />
avtoris azriT, 1852 wels `evropeizmi~ pirvelad gamoiyena m. TumaniSvilma, ix.<br />
laSqaraZe 1977: 27.<br />
39
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