Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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niSnis matarebeli `axali literaturisa da kulturis~, Tanamedrove, anu sakuTriv `axali<br />
adamianis~ gageba. 1<br />
amTaviTve unda aRiniSnos, rom ranairi relatiuric ar unda iyos `axali droisa~ da, mis<br />
kvalobaze `axali adamianis~, rogorc aseTis, gaCenis konkretul-istoriuli, qronologiuri<br />
CarCos Sesaxeb msjeloba, is mainc renesansis, anu humanizmis epoqas ukavSirdeba: mis arsebiT<br />
Taviseburebad miiCneven, `zogadad rom vTqvaT, individualizms da protests pirovnebis<br />
damonebis winaaRmdeg~ (jivelegovi 1908: 23-25).<br />
grZnobaTa individualizacia, pirovnebis uaRresad intimur gancdaTa socialuri<br />
Rirebulebis aRiareba aris adamianis, rogorc socialuri fenomenis, avtonomiurobis piroba.<br />
es momenti iZens gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas axali drois xelovnebisTvis, romelsac qalaqur<br />
y<strong>of</strong>as ukavSireben (a. jivelegovi, a. losevi) da Tvlian, rom esaa `adreuli qalaquri<br />
kulturis produqti~ (losevi 1978:).<br />
calkeuli individumis grZnobaTa sacialuri Sinaarsi mainc mogviano xanaSi iqna<br />
aRiarebuli, roca `Невольно бросается в глаза субьективистически-индивидуалистическая жажда<br />
жизненных ощущений независимо от их религиозных или моральных ценnостей, хотя эти последние здесь<br />
формально не только не отрицаются, но часто и выдвигаются на первый план~ (losevi 1978: 57).<br />
`axali adamiani, gasetis azriT, revoluciuria siaxlis TvalsazrisiT. is ara hgavs wina<br />
saukunis adamianebs, axali adamiani warmoSva liberalurma demokratiam, cdiseulma<br />
bunebismetyvelebam da industrializaciam~ (kodua 1976: 165). axali drois niSani adamianSi,<br />
subieqturi sawyisis gamoRviZebasa da mgrZnobiarobis gaRrmavebasTan erTad,<br />
TviTanalizisken miswrafebac aris. rogorc miuTiTeben: `mgrZnobiareba, sinaze WeSmaritad<br />
axali epoqis niSania~ da amitomac garkveviT aRniSnaven: `axalma xelovnebam arsebiTad<br />
aRmoaCina axali adamiani~ (goguaZe 1980: 177). esaa evropis erovnebaTa kulturuli<br />
TviTgamorkvevisa da adamianis bunebriv uflebaTa garkvevis xana, rac `axal dros~ erTgvarad<br />
mijnavs adreuli humanizmis epoqisagan. axali drois xelovnebisa da literaturis specifikur<br />
Tvisebad Cveni saukunis zogierTi moazrovne, swored y<strong>of</strong>iTi masalisa da mecnieruli,<br />
analizuri interesebis moWarbebis gamo, Semdeg moments saxavs: `XIX saukunis manZilze<br />
mxatvruli procesebi siwmindiT ar gamoirCevoda, xelovanT minimumamde dahyavdaT mxatvruli<br />
elementebi~ (gaseti 1957: 450). rogorc gadmogvcemen (gaseti, `goia~), `axali xelovneba,<br />
filosifiis msgavsad, `ganmcxadebeli misiis suliT iqmneba da `inteleqtis SuadRes~<br />
warmoadgens. misi funqcia sicocxlisa da y<strong>of</strong>ierebis sadumlos axsnaSi, `y<strong>of</strong>ierebis<br />
ieroglifTa gaSifvraSi~ mdgomareobs: `xelovnebis nawarmoebi sicocxlisa da y<strong>of</strong>ierebis<br />
saidumlos gvimJRavnebs~ (WavWavaZe 1973: 144-145). `axali xelovneba — esa xelovneba<br />
xelovanTaTvis~ (gaseti 1957: 450) imitomac, rom axali drois xelovani, mwerali, arsebiTad<br />
xedvis sxvadasxva, xSirad gansxvavebuli wertilebidan cdilobs dainaxos adamiani da samyaro.<br />
aRniSnulis sailustraciod ixseneben faqts, Tu rogor uyurebs da asaxavs, magaliTad,<br />
momakvdavs coli, eqimi, reportiori da xelovani.<br />
am avtoris dakvirvebiT, `adamianis agonia TiToeul maTgans gansakuTrebul aspeqtSi<br />
esaxeba da es aspeqtebi imdenad gansxvavdeba, rom maTi saerTo safuZvlis daZebna Wirs~ (gaseti<br />
1957: 451). aqedan iRebs saTaves stilizebisaken gansakuTrebuli miswrafeba, rac hqmnis<br />
aucileblobas asaxvis TaviseburebaTa msgavsebiT erTmaneTTan daaxloebuli mwerlebi,<br />
xelovanebi garkeul dajgufebebad Camoyalibdnen da bolos, isev mkvlevar-mecnierTaTvis<br />
mosaxerxeblad, efeqturad CaiTvalos maTi gaerTianeba mxatvrul mimdinareobaTa niSniT.<br />
ase rom, axali drois da, mis kvalobaze, axali xelovnebis, axali literaturis erT-erTi<br />
Tavisebureba isicaa, rom mweralma da xelovanma sxvadasxva rakursiT dainaxos da dagvanaxos<br />
adamiani, sinamdvile, rac erTgvar biZgs aZlevs mkvlevrebs gamoyon da ilaparakon calkeul<br />
mxatvrul-literaturul `izm~-ze: iqneba es sentimentalizmi, romantizmi, realizmi,<br />
naturalizmi da sxv.<br />
yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaxseneba mxolod imisTvis dagvWirda, rom mis fonze ufro<br />
gamoikveTos, Tu qarTuli sinamdvilis magaliTze, rogor esmis ilias `axali drois~, `axali<br />
literaturis~ Sinaarsi da farglebi.<br />
qarTvel mkvlevarTa naSromebSi (jumber WumburiZe, daviT laSqaraZe, revaz siraZe...)<br />
sxvadasxva aspeqtiT gaSuqebulia `evropeizmis~ gamovlenis formebi da ilia WavWavaZis<br />
damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi. ase magaliTad, jumber WumburiZe wers: `sayuradReboa, rom i.<br />
WavWavaZe axali qarTuli mwerlobis dasawyiss `evropeizmis~ Semotanas ukavSirebs da aseT<br />
tendencias ukve d. guramiSvilis SemoqmedebaSi xedavs. cneba `evropeizmisa~ ilias farTod<br />
esmis. mwerlis gagebiT, es ar gulisxobs mxolod formalur-mxatvrul Taviseburebebs, aramed<br />
evropuli literaturis tendenciebTan, saerTod ki evropul-rusul kulturasTan kavSirs<br />
gamoxatavs. es iyo qarTul niadagze, evropul aspeqtSi warmodgenili axali azrovneba,<br />
ganwyobilebebi, mxatvruli xedva, Tematika, weris manera~ (WumburiZe 1974: 184). es daskvna<br />
gamotanilia i. WavWavaZis daumTavrebeli statiis _ `ciskari~ 1857 wlidan _ 1862 wlamdina~ _<br />
1 am sakiTxis daxasiaTebisas ZiriTadad veyrdnobiT Semdeg Sromas, Философский энсиклоредический словарь, 2-е<br />
издание, М., 1989, gv. 139.<br />
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