Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

adamiania, `vaJkaci saxelovania~, romelic am qveynadve ewafeba ukvdavebis wyaros. znesruli
adamianis, `marTali sulisa da wrfeli gulis~ Semcvel mrwamss ki siyvaruli cxovelhyofs.
mxolod aseT saxelovan vaJkacs aqvs bazaleTis tbaSi Casvlis RvTiuri ufleba da
Zalmosileba; mxolod mas SeuZlia mieaxlos da xeli Seaxos udides siwmindes, `did saunjes~.
Tamar mefis epoqis Semdeg oqros akvnis `yrma~ saukuneTa manZilze elis am misiiT aRWurvil
gmirs, raTa kvlav aRdges da gamobrwyindes. `vaJkaci saxelovani~ qristes siyvarulsa da
sarwmunoebas ganuaxlebs saukuno cxovrebis damviwyebel ers.
g.qiqoZe aRniSnavs, rom `misi (ilias — n. g.) patriotizmi asketuri xasiaTisa iyo.
samSoblos samsaxuri mas ise hqonda warmodgenili rogorc msxverplT Sewirva~ (qiqoZe 1985:
339). aseTive unda iyos ilias `vaJkaci saxelovani~, `oqros akvnis~ pirveli mimaaxlebeli da
`damwvdomi~:
rom win waruZRves WeSmariteba
ukan rCes kvali ganaTebuli.
(`qarTlis dedas~)
amrigad, `bazaleTis tbis~ guldasmiT wakiTxva gviCvenebs im erovnuli gmiris saxesa da
RvTaebriv misias, romelsac, ilias TqmiT, mTeli eri Sehnatris. igi `vaJkaci saxelovania~,
oqros akvnis pirveli mimaaxlebeli da `damwvdomi~, bazaleTis tbis Ziridan `ymis~ amomyvani.
tradiciuli mosazreba ki leqsSi ugulebelyofs erovnuli gmiris saxes da mas oqros akvnis
`yrmas~ uTavsebs, masSi moiazrebs. leqsSi ki ilia garkveviT gamohyofs da ganasxvavebs am or
saxe-xats, `vaJkacsa saxelovansa~ da `yrmas~, maT adgilsa (eris wiaRs da bazaleTis tbis
walkots) da daniSnulebas. amdenad, maTi gaigiveba, urTierTCanacvleba mizanSeuwonlad
migvaCnia.
leqsSi gmiris saxesTan erTad Semodis sasurveli dedis xati:
Tu ese aris, neta mas,
dedasa saxeldebulsa
vinc im yrmas pirvel miawvdis
Tvis ZuZus madliT cxebulsa.
es deda `saxeldebulia~ da amdenad is ar SeiZleba iyos konkretuli pirovneba, realuri
adamiani, ise viT `yrma~. amis Tqmis safuZvels qmnis is, rom kacobrioba bibliur evas
sayovelTao dedad saxelsdebs. `dabadebaSi~ pirveladamianTa saxeldebasTan dakavSirebiT
ikiTxeba: `da uwoda adam saxeli colsa TÂssa: cxovrebaÁ. rameTu igi ars deda yovelTa
macxovrebelTa~ (dab. 3,20).
pirveldedis — evas saxes axal aRTqmaSi RvTismSoblis xati iTavsebs: `kurTxeul xar Sen
dedaTa Soris, da kurTxeul ars nayofi muclisa Senisa, rameTu macxovari gviSev sulTa
CvenTa~ (`locva RvTismSoblisa~).
`ikonografiuli tradiciis Tanaxmad, `deda-RvTismSobeli~ mravalsaxovania: `dedaaRmzrdeli~
(`alma mater~), `deda-gzismkvlevi~ (`odgitria~), `deda-moalerse~ (`eleusa~) da a.
S.~ _ aRniSnavs r. siraZe (siraZe 1987: 102).
bazaleTis walkotiT aRmdgar `yrmas~ `madliT cxebuli~ masazrdoebeli deda sWirdeba.
aq gvaxsendeba `ninos cxovrebaSi~ daba `bodidan~ mcxeTis `sions~ mimavali, mdinare aragvTan
myofi soji dedoflis mimarT Tqmuli: `xolo dedofali tiriliT iareboda kidesa
mdinarisasa, viTarca yrmaÁ ZuZuÁsTvis dedisa TÂsisa, egreT surviel iyo xilvisaTÂs
sasurvelisa TÂsisa~ (~ninos cxovreba~ 1963: 99). es epizodi Tavad iZleva simbolur wakiTxvas:
axladmoqceuli dedofali soji — qristes, `yrmis~ savane iswrafvis deda-masazrdoebelTan _
`sionTan~ Sexvedras da `saxlSi~ misvlas, rogorc yrma — dedis ZuZusken.
`bazxaleTis tbis~ `saxeldebuli deda~ RvTismSoblis _ `deda-aRmzrdelis~
analogiidan momdinare `deda-masazrdoeblis~ mxatvruli saxea. imavdroulad igi SesaZloa
simboluri datvirTviT warmoCndes, `dedav RvTisao! es qveyana Seni xvedria~ (WavWavaZe 1983:
121), _ ambobs ilia da saqarTvelos `jvarcmuli RvTisTvis TviT jvarcmul da wamebul~
(WavWavaZe 1983: 117) miwad saxavs. amdenad, mxatvrul saxeSi _ `deda saxeldebuli~
SesaZlebelia saqarTvelo — qveyana da eri moviazroT. mamulis xsnas erTi pirovnebis,
wiamZRoli gmiris znesruloba ver ganapirobebs. mTelma qveyanam unda Seisisxlxorcos,
erovnuli Rirsebebi rwmenad aqcios, `sacnobelni ege yurni gulisa da gonebisa~ `ganhmartos~
(ioane sabanisZe 1963: 49) da `saxelovani vaJkacis~ sityva sakuTar sulis Zaxilad esmas:
`ganiRÂZe didebao Cemo, ganiRÂZe fsalmuniTa da ebniTa~ (fsalm. 50,9). imavdroulad,
TiToeulma adamianma sakuTari Tavi qristes `monad da megobrad~ unda Seicnos, `monad amis
gamo rameTu `patiosanTa sisxliTa misiTa syidul xarT~ Tquen, xolo megobrad amisTÂs,
rameTu misni Seqmnulni varT da dabadebulni da siyvaruliTa misiTa naTel gÂRebies~
(WavWavaZe 1983: 49).
saqarTvelom, uZvelesi droidan `dedad wmidaTa~ saxeldebulma qveyanam, RvTis mimarT
erTxel ukve dadebuli aRTqma unda ganaaxlos, raTa Tavad ganaxldes. `SeiwynareT karavsa
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