Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
s<strong>of</strong>iko lobJaniZe<br />
ilia WavWavaZe german<strong>of</strong>iluri saganmanaTleblo politikis ideologi<br />
saqarTveloSi<br />
XIX-XX saukuneebSi orma urTierTsapirispiro procesma _ erTi mxriv didi imperiebis<br />
mier mcirericxovan xalxTa saxelmwifoebis dapirispirebis xarjze sazRvrebis gafarToebam<br />
da meores mxriv priqiT, didi imperiebis kolonialuri uRlidan Tavis daxsnam, bunebrivad<br />
daayena orive am procesSi monawile xalxebisaTvis erovnuli (dedaenovani) skolis problema.<br />
pirvelTaTvis es aucilebeli iyo Tavis dasacavad kulturulad mZlavri an mzardi da<br />
militaristulad aRmatebuli imperiis maasimilirebeli meqanizmisagan, meoreTaTvis ki<br />
gardauvali _ axalSeqmnili, damoukidebeli saxelmwifos kulturuli TviTmy<strong>of</strong>adobisa da<br />
aRmavlobisaTvis.<br />
pirvelTa rigSi moxvda saqarTvelo, romelic TiTqmis mTeli XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi<br />
(1801 wlidan _ 1875 wlis CaTvliT) nawil-nawil da TandaTanobiT okupaciisa da aneqsiis gziT<br />
xdeboda ruseTis imperiis nawili.<br />
ruseTis imperiis mier saqarTvelos dapyrobis droisaTvis saqarTveloSi sul ori<br />
seminaria arsebobda: Tbilisisa (1755) da Telavis (1782). qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gauqmebisa da<br />
ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg (1801) orive es qarTuli seminaria daixura da ganaTlebis enad 1918<br />
wlamde saqarTveloSi faqtobrivad rusuli iqca.<br />
ruseTis imperiis kavkasiaSi gabatoneba saqarTvelos kulturuli da saganmanaTleblo<br />
institutebis absoluturi arakonkurentunarianobis periods daemTxva. kulturulad nela,<br />
magram mainc mzardi imperiis zewolas saqarTvelo ver gauZlebda, miT umetes, rom qarTuli<br />
ganaTlebisa da kulturis iseTi tradiciuli burji, rogoric avtokefaluri eklesia iyo,<br />
rusulma marTlmadideblobam daiqvemdebara da iqidan qarTuli, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis ena,<br />
gamoaZeva.<br />
samagierod, ruseTma scada qarTveli eris Semadgenel nawilebad daSla da saanbano<br />
wignebi megrulad da svanuradac gamosca (mogvianebiT amas ruseTis sabWoTa imperiac<br />
gaimeorebs da saanbano wignebisa da gazeTebis gamocemas wamoiwyebs megrulad da lazurad),<br />
Tumca Zv. w. 284 wlidan moyolebuli qarTuli ena qarTuli saxelmwifos da yvela qarTveluri<br />
tomis erTaderTi samwerlo ena iyo.<br />
agresiulma da ukompromiso rusifikatorulma politikam kavkasiaSi qarTuli<br />
inteleqtualuri elitis dRis wesrigSi daayena iseTi precenden- tis povnis aucilebloba<br />
evropul imperiaTa saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, romlis dapirispireba gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli<br />
rusulisaTvis, rogorc eTnikuri da lingvisturi tolerantobis, aseve sakuTriv pedagogiuri<br />
TvalsazrisiT. da aseTi precendenti iqna kidec napovni ganaTlebis germanuli (resp.<br />
prusiuli) imperiuli sistemis saxiT.<br />
rogorc ucnauradac ar unda JRerdes, saqarTveloSi germanuli skolisa da<br />
pedagogiuri azrisadmi interesis gacxoveleba oto eduard leopold bisamarkis (1815-1898)<br />
saxels ukavSirdeba da ara imdenad mis samxedro da politikur warmatebebs, ramdenadac<br />
keTilSobilur Jests, romliTac man Tavisi epoqaluri gamarjvebis dafnis gvirgvini<br />
uyoymanod gauyo germanuli skolis maswavlebels.<br />
ilia WavWavaZe amasTan dakavSirebiT werda: “1870 welsa, roca germaniam Tavs-zari dasca<br />
minamde TiTqmis uZlevels safrangeTsa da saca Sexvda, bre gaadina, sTqves, rom germaniis<br />
skolis maswavlebelma sZlia safrangeTsa da daamarcxao. amiTi imis Tqma undaT, rom uxvad<br />
m<strong>of</strong>enilma da kargad mowyobilma skolebma da swavla-ganaTlebam germaniisam misca ers is<br />
sulieri da xorcieli Zal-Rone, romelmac Semusra safrangeTio. mas aqeT germaniam axla sxva<br />
gzaze iCina Tavisi Zlevamosileba da winsvla imave RonisZiebiT. aqac, rogorc etyoba, mizezi<br />
Zlevamosilobisa igiv skolis maswavlebelia, igiv swavla da ganaTleba” (WavWavaZe 1997: 375-<br />
376).<br />
1889 wels ilia WavWavaZe ase axasiaTebs germanelTa midrekilebas swavlaganaTlebisadmi,<br />
da Tanac ara abstraqtul germanelTa, aramed saqarTvelos germanuli<br />
kolonistebisas:<br />
“germaneli purs daiklebs, Rvinos daiklebs, SimSils, wyurvils ar SeuSindeba da Svilis<br />
gasazrdelad-ki Tavis monagars groSs gadasdebs, Svilis mcodne kacad qcevisaTvis arafers<br />
dahzogavs da yvelafers gaimetebs. germanelma icis, rom Svilis kacad gamosvla, maZRrad<br />
y<strong>of</strong>na da utkivrad rCena swavla-ganaTlebazea damokidebuli.” (WavWavaZe 1938: 351)<br />
is amasve moiTxovs Tavisi Tanamemamuleebisgan, misi mizani am “germanuli” Tvisebis<br />
gamomuSavebis miRwevaa qarTvel adamianSi. igi germanelebs qarTvelTa misabaZ magaliTad<br />
saxavs, radgan TbilisSi mcxovreb qarTvelTa mxolod mesamedma icis wera-kiTxva, xolo<br />
TbilisSi mcxoveb xalxTagan: “wera-kiTxvis codnis kvalobazed yvelaze win arian germanelni,<br />
romelTa Soris mcodinari oTxSi samia.” (WavWavaZe 1938: 351)<br />
germanelebs is uwonebs SvilTa ganaTlebisTvis zrunvas:<br />
164
Change language