Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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`rodigunaSi~ kleopatras saxeze, axasiaTebs metismetad uary<strong>of</strong>iTad da ambobs, rom es ar aris<br />
tipuri saxe da madloba RmerTs, rom aseTi qalebi aTas weliwadSi erTi Tu daibadebiT. igi<br />
kleopatras `cTomil qmnilebas~ (Miβgeschopfte) uwodebs. iliac im azrs aviTareba, rom mweralma<br />
`rac ar unda zedmiwevniT da mSvenvrad dagvixatos erTi romelime calke aRebuli kaci — ivane<br />
Tu petre. yovelTvis upiratesoba unda daeTmos imas, vinc zogadis gamoxatvis SemZlebeliao.<br />
tipze gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa ilias msjeloba, roca igi akakis werils _ `vefxistyaosani~<br />
aanalizebs. igi swored imas uwunebs poets, rom man `vefxistyaosnis gmirebi<br />
eTnografiul gmirebad warmogvidginao da askvnis, rom homerosi, rusTaveli, Seqspiri,<br />
baironi da baraTaSvili imitom arian `ms<strong>of</strong>lio geniosebi, rom isini `kacad-kacobis vrcel<br />
mindors~ swvdebodnen da gamoxatavdnen `zogad tipebs, romlebic `erovnuli samkauliT~<br />
individualizebulni `zogadkacoboriul tipebs~ warmoadgeneno. es mosazreba man<br />
brwyinvaled ganaxorciela sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi praqtikiTac. man iseTi cocxali da<br />
metyveli tipebi Seqmna garkveuli Tvisebebis da xasiaTebis matarebeli adamianebisa, rom<br />
mkiTxvelis mexsierebaSi samudamod aRibeWdnen luarsab TaTqariZe, rogorc uqnarobis,<br />
uvicobis, sibnelis, uZraobis; oTaraanT qvrivis, rogorc garjis, azrianobis, patiosnebis,<br />
samarTlianobis; glaxa WriaSvili, rogorc gonebaSezRudulobis, uazro, Tavmoubmeli<br />
metyvelebis, cxovrebisagan fexqveSgaTelili adamianis simboluri saxeebi.<br />
lesingisa da ilias SexedulebaTa msgavseba gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa maT nawerebSi<br />
Teatrze. rogorc cnobilia, lesingi 1767-69 wlebSi muSaobda hamburgis TeatrSi da<br />
sistematurad aqveynebda recenziebs warmodgenil speqtaklebze, romlebic erTad Sekrebili<br />
cnobilia `hamburgis dramaturgiis~ saxeliT. msgavsad lesingisa, iliac 1886-92 wlebSi<br />
qarTuli dramatuli sazogadoebis mier warmodgenili speqtaklebis Sesaxeb aqveynebda<br />
recenziebs, romlebic cnobilia cikluri saxeliT `werilebi qarTul Teatrze~ (sul oci<br />
werilia aseTi), romlebic Seexebian repertuars, msaxiobTa TamaSs da xalxis sulier Tu<br />
pirovnul daxvewaSi Teatris rols. lesingi werda, rom `Teatri moraluri aRzrdis kera unda<br />
iyos~ da amave dros mSobliuri enis siwmindis dacvasa da ganviTarebas unda emsaxurebodeso.<br />
am azrs TiTqmis sityva-sityviT gadmoscems ilia Tavis `Sinaur mimoxilvaSi~: `scena igive<br />
Skolaa, romelic cxovelis suraTebiT elaparakeba kacis gulsa da Wkuasa~ (WavWavaZe 1897: 275)<br />
da Semdeg: `Cven Cvens scenas or Rvawlsa vsTxovT. pirveli — rom marTla ganmwmendeli iyos<br />
Cvenis cxovrebisa, Cvenis Wkuis da gulis ganmanaTlebeli da mwvrTneli da meore — igi unda<br />
iqmnas im adgilad, sadac Cveni ena fexzed unda wamodges mTelis Tavisi mSvenebiTa da<br />
simdidriTa~ (WavWavaZe 1897: 276). Teatris mier am rolis Sesruleba ki mTlianad<br />
damokidebulia repertuarze, risTvisac orive moRvawis mTavar sazrunavs erovnuli<br />
repertuaris Seqmna Seadgenda da rogorc lesingi germaniaSi, ise ilia saqarTveloSi<br />
miiCnevda, rom vidre erovnuli dramaturgia fexs aidgamda, iseTi nawarmoebebi unda<br />
eTargmnaT, romlebic eris interesebs Seesatyvisebodnen da mayureblis zneobriv sruly<strong>of</strong>as<br />
xels Seuwyobdnen. aseve urTierTs Tanxvdeba maTi msjeloba dramatul nawarmoebebSi<br />
istoriuli faqtebis gamoyenebisa da personaJebis xasiaTebis Zerwvis Sesaxebac. lesingis<br />
azriT, tragedia ar aris dialogis formiT gadmocemuli istoria. istoriuli misTvis mxolod<br />
saxelebis nusxaa (Reportorium von Namen), romelSic Tuki Semoqmedi Tavisi siuJetisaTvis<br />
Sesatyvis situaciebs da individualizebisaTvis tipaJebs ipovis, ... SeuZlia gamoiyenos igi~.<br />
iliac Sesabamisad werda: `dramaturgi istorikosi xom ar aris, rom istoria gvaswavlos,<br />
istoriuli qronika gviweros... xolo Tu surs istoriuli Rirseba mianiWos Tavis dramas,<br />
usaTuod... suli epoqisa... unda gadagvixsnas~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 498). maTi azriT, raki Teatrma<br />
cxovreba unda asaxos Tavisi av-kargiT, xolo cxovrebaSi tragikuli momentebic gvxvdeba da<br />
komikuric, amitom komediac iseTsave rols asrulebs adamianims sulis ganwmendaze, rogorsac<br />
tragedia da amitom orives erTnairi ufleba unda hqondes scenaze, oRond es aris, rom<br />
komedia `farsad ar unda iqceso~ _ ambobda lesingi. igive azrs aviTarebs ilia, roca wers:<br />
`yvela sicili~ ver iqneba `sagani xelovnebisa~. qveynad bevri ram aris sasacilo, magram esTeti<br />
kuri grZnoba yvela sicils ver Seiwynarebs, Tavis Svilad ver gaixdiso~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 314) da<br />
mkacrad gmobs `lazRandarobad gardaqmnil~ sicils.<br />
dramatuli nawarmoebis sruly<strong>of</strong>ilad aRqmis sakiTxSi lesingi udides mniSvnelobas<br />
aniWebda msaxiobs. igi werda: `msaxiobi yovelTvis avtorTan erTad unda azrovnebdes da<br />
valdebulia, sadac avtori subieqturi mosazrebiT Secdomas uSvebs, mis magivrad ifiqroso<br />
(lesingi 1954: 273). ilia l. mesxiSvils swored imas uqebs, rom `SeSlilSi~ gmiris rolSi<br />
`Seavso, ganaviTara~ avtolris Canafiqrio. kerZod, eqimis winaSe, roca coli qmarze `erTi<br />
sityviTac ar mianiSnebs, es kaci SeSliliao, mesxiSvilma iseTi scena gaiTamaSa, rom `SesZra<br />
mayurebelio~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 285). rac Seexeba Jestikulacias, romelzec lesingi Zalian<br />
frTxil da zomier midgomas moiTxovs, `Warbi Jestikulacia afuWebs saqmeso~ _ ambobs igi,<br />
iliac, Tumca k. yifians uaRresad niWier da daxelovnebul msaxiobad miiCnevs, swored imas<br />
uwunebs, rom `metad xSirad da uadgilo adgilas icis xelebis da TiTebis moZraobao~<br />
(WavWavaZe 1991: 269).<br />
da bolos gvinda xazgasmiT aRvniSnoT, rom, rogorc ekonomikurad, politikurad da<br />
kulturulad daZabunebul germanias moevlina lesingi, romelmac ise gadmonerga Tavisi<br />
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