Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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polemikas warmoadgenda~ (haine 1962: 86). cxadia, es sityvebi mTlianad esadageba ilia<br />
WavWavaZis pirovnul xats da aseTi sulieri Tanaziarobac, garemo pirobebTan erTad,<br />
gansazRvravda maTi azrovnebis tipologiurobas.<br />
lesingma ukve 24 wlis asakSi gansazRvra Tavisi socialur-politikuri da SemoqmedebiTi<br />
mizani, rac mokled Semdegi sityvebiT gamoxata `Die edelste Beschäftigung des Menschen ist der Mensch~<br />
(adamianis ukeTilSobilesi saqme adamiania). iliamac Tavisi samoRvaweo mizani adamianebs<br />
daukavSira: `Cveni saqme saqarTvelos xalxis cxovrebaa. misi gamomjobineba Cveni pirveli da<br />
ukanaskneli survilia~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 129). am `gamomjobinebisaTvis~ maTi brZola Tu<br />
meamboxuri suliskveTebiT daiwyo (gavixsenoT ilias `mgzavris werilebi~ da lesingis `samuel<br />
henci~ da `spartavi~, romelic aRar daumTavrebia, radgan Seicvala azri da cxovrebis<br />
humanistur-demokratiul safuZvelze mowyobisaTvis adamianTa moralur-inteleqtualuri<br />
srulqmna miiCnia, ramac Tavisi asaxva hpova kidec TxzulebaSi `adamianuri modgmis aRzrda~.<br />
aseve evoluciuri gardaqmnebisaken gadaixara mogvianebiT iliac. igi safuZvlianad rom<br />
icnobda lesingis Semoqmedebas, es kargad Cans Tavis werilebSi misi naazrevis citaciiT, xolo<br />
statiaSi `ra mizezia, rom kritika ara gvaqvs~ igi wers: `Cveni swavlulni, ganaTlebulni<br />
darvinis Teorias zedmiwevniT gacodineben, hegelis esTetikas, lesingisa da tenis<br />
filos<strong>of</strong>ias xelovnebisas xelisguliviT gadagiSlian... erTs pawawina leqss ki Cvenis<br />
romelime poetisas ver gauZRvebian, rogorc rigia~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 344) (es seni xSir<br />
SemTxvevaSi dResac ganukurnebelia).<br />
lesingis esTetikuri naazrevis mwvervals warmoadgens misi ori Sroma: `laokooni, anu<br />
ferwerisa da poeziis sazRvrebisaTvis~ da `hamburgis dramaturgia~. `laokoonSi~ igi<br />
akritikebda bualosa da rasins, maT kvalad ki germaniaSi franguli klasicizmis epigon<br />
gotSeds, rogorc sakaro klasicizmis Teoretikosebs, romlebsac TavianTi esTetikis<br />
amosavlad aurCeviaT horaciusis gamoTqma _ `upictura poesis~ (poezia mxatvrobis msgavsia). es,<br />
unda iTqvas, rom maT mxolod abstraqtul-racionalisturad esmodaT, rac garegani formis<br />
mSvenierebasa da sagnis calkeul nawilTa harmoniulobaSi gamoixateboda. amas lesingma<br />
daupirispira Sinaarsis, grZnobis, gancdis momenti da amis safuZvelze gaavlo paralelebi<br />
poeziasa da ferweras Soris. man, miuxedavad asasaxad gamoyenebuli masalis da saSualebebis<br />
sxvadasxvaobisa, xelovnebisa da literaturis yoveli dargis saerTo amocanad `ideis saxeSi~<br />
(sinnliches Bild) gadmocema miiCnia, xolo poezias upiratesoba mianiWa, rogorc dinamiurs,<br />
moZravs, droSi ganviTarebads ferweris statikurobasTan SedarebiT.<br />
Tu gavixsenebT ilias `pasuxs~ da statias _ `werilebi literaturis Sesaxeb~, igi<br />
mTlianad iziarebs lesingis aRniSnul mosazrebebs da Tavis Sexedulebebs `laokoonSi~<br />
ganviTarebuli azris Sesabamisad ayalibebs. kerZod, `pasuxSi~ wers: `xelovneba aris<br />
ganxorcieleba saxeSi ideisa, azrisa. musika, mxatvroba, poezia — eseni sul saxeSi gamoTqvamen<br />
ideas, mxolod imiT ganiy<strong>of</strong>ebian, rom Tavisi ideis gamosaTqmelad sxvadasxva masalas xmaroben<br />
— musika —xmasa, mxatvroba — xazsa, poezia — sityvebsa~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 34).<br />
lesingi, bualos Teoriis sapirispirod, romelic sakaro cxovrebis Seswavlas da mis<br />
asaxvas saxavda xelovnebis miznad, iRwvoda cxovrebiseuli movlenebis Rrmad Seswavlisa da<br />
misi asaxvisaTvis. amitomac germanuli literaturisaTvis inglisuri da kerZod, Seqspiris<br />
dramebs miiCnevda ufro sasargneblod, vidre frangi klasicistebisaTvis mibaZvas. iliac<br />
ebrZoda ra sentimentalur mimarTulebas, rogorc uvargiss da arafris momcems Cveni<br />
literaturisaTvis, moiTxovda cxovrebis morevSi SeWras, misi av-kargis gamowvilviT<br />
Seswavlas da mxolod mis asaxvas literaturaSi. igi gadaWriT ambobda: `Tvalni ze zecisa da<br />
qveynis saidumloTa mxedvelad, yurni zesknelisa da qvesknelisa ucnaur xmaTa msmenelad,<br />
xelni cisa da qveynis majiscemis Semtyvebrad da ena yovlisa amis aRmomTqmelad da<br />
mTargmnelad~ (WavWavaZe 1991: 31).<br />
mxatvorobasTan SedJarebiT poezias imitomac aniWebda upiratesobas, rom mxatvrovbas<br />
mxolod xilulis asaxva SeuZlia, poezias ki xilulisac da uxilavisac da roca igi klod<br />
keliuss ekamaTeba miltonis `dakarguli samoTxis~ gamo, wers: `...Tu Cemi xorcieli Tvalis (das<br />
leibliche Auge) xilvis sfero iqneboda Cemi Sinagani Tvalis (das innerliche Auge) xilvis sferos<br />
ganmsazRvreli, Cems Rirsebad CavTvlidi pirvelis dakargvas, oRondac am SezRudulobisagan<br />
gavTavisuflebuliyavio~ (lesingi 1954: 246). aki iliac or Tvals ganasxvavebda — garegansa da<br />
Sinagans, suliersa da xorciels. amisi brwyinvale magaliTia oTaraanT qvrivis usityvo<br />
mwuxareba, razec ilia wers: `...amas marto Tvali gulisaRa Tu xedavda da yuri gulisa Tu<br />
ismenda... xorcieli smena, xorcieli xedva amisi uRonoao~ (WavWavaZe 1988: 294). igive azrs<br />
araerTgzis aviTarebs `werilebSi Teatrze~ (`gaviyareniT~, `vefxistyaosnis gmirebTan ninos<br />
Sedareba), sadac daaskvnis: `CvenSi xorcieli Tvali ufro moqmedebs, vidre Tvali sulisao~<br />
(WavWavaZe 1991: 327).<br />
raki orive SemoqmedisaTvis mTavari cxovrebis Rrma Seswavla iyo Tavisi av-kargiT da<br />
Semdeg misi maRalmxatvruli aRwera, am moTxovnas isini bunebrivad mihyavda tipsa da tipurze<br />
msjelobasTan, radgan konkretulis ganzogadebis safuZvelze individualur saxeebSi<br />
Seijleba zogadkacobriulis gamoxatva, rac sabolood ganapirobebs kidec aseTi nawarmoebis<br />
adgils ms<strong>of</strong>lio kulturis saganZurSi. am azris dasasabuTeblad lesingi msjelobs kornelis<br />
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