Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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Tamar barbaqaZe<br />
ilias dramatuli poemebis (`qarTvlis deda~ da `irakli~) poetika da<br />
`qarTvlis dedis~ metafora<br />
ilia WavWavaZis orive dramatuli poema: `deda da Svili~ (`qarTvlis dedis~ I varianti) da<br />
`irakli~ (`mama da Svili~) erTi da imave sazomiT (5/4/5) aris Sesrulebuli 1860 wels. amave<br />
metriT, 1859 wels, iliam dawera poema `aCrdilis~ avtografis `ZRvna~.<br />
poetma am epikur TxzulebebSi gamokveTa Tavisi Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi koncefcia:<br />
mSoblis mier SvilisaTvis msxverplSewirvis ideis STagoneba, TviTSewirvisaTvis mzady<strong>of</strong>na<br />
da `saRmrTo ZRvenis~ (poeziis) Sewirva poetis mier sazogadoebisaTvis; semantikis<br />
(dramatizmis) da metrikis (5/4/5) urTierTgapirobebuloba gansazRvravs ilias dramatuli<br />
poemebis poetikas.<br />
msxverplSewirvisa da dramis Teoriis ucxoeli da qarTveli mkvlevarebi (r. Jirari, p.<br />
raseli, g. lomiZe, i. ratiani, r. canava da sxv.) aRniSnaven, erTi mxriv, sikvdil-sicocxlis<br />
Seuqcevadobas Tavganwirvis ritualis funqcionirebisas da, meore mxriv, ilias rols dramis<br />
Janris Teoriis ganviTarebaSi; Tumca ilias Teoriuli naazrevi TviTSewirvis ideis recefciis<br />
Taobaze missave dramebSi dRemde saTanadod ar gaanalizebula.<br />
ilia WavWavaZis poetikis kvlevisas gansakuTrebiT sayuradRebod miviCnieT misi<br />
Txzulebebis SemoqmedebiTi istoriis Seswavla nikoloz baraTaSvilis `bedi qarTlisas~<br />
fonze. kerZod, ilias poezia 1858-1860 wlebSi STagonebuli da ganpirobebulia romantikosi<br />
poetis poemis saTauriTa da personaJebiT (s<strong>of</strong>io, irakli).<br />
rogorc cnobilia, nikoloz baraTaSvilisa da ilias poetikuri Ziebani, ZiriTadad,<br />
erTiania. viziarebT Teimuraz doiaSvilis Tvalsazriss: `ilias lirika principuli siaxlis<br />
matarebeli iyo, amitom misi moazreba SeiZleboda ara moqmedi poeturi kanonis farglebSi,<br />
aramed qarTuli klasikuri poeziis tradiciebTan Sepirispirebisas. poetis Tanamedrove<br />
mkiTxvelma ver igua inteleqtualur principze dafuZnebuli axali saazrovno sistema,<br />
romlis safuZvlis damdebi CvenSi nikoloz baraTaSvili iyo, magram misi damkvidrebisaTvis<br />
mTeli simZime, cnobili mizezebis gamo, ilia WavWavaZem itvirTa~ (doiaSvili 1999: 346).<br />
nikoloz braTaSvilis poeturi gzis memkvidred ilia WavWavaZe pirvelad akaki<br />
wereTelma miiCnia, rodesac mas `baraTaSvilis kvalSi Camdgari poeti~ uwoda.<br />
baraTaSvilma, rogorc viciT, qarTul poetur sityvas `sibrZnis erTi dargis~ Tviseba<br />
daubruna. igi, erTdroulad, arqaistic iyo da novatoric: man rusTvelis epikuri poemis<br />
sibrZne, aforistuloba axali, evropuli lirikuli poeziis formats Seuxama da axal,<br />
romantikul poemasTan erTad, lirikul Sedevrebsac mianiWa ufleba sibrZnis gamoxatvisa.<br />
nikoloz baraTaSvilis mier sibrZned gardaqmnili misi Tanamedrove cxovrebis suraTebi<br />
lirikul poemasa da filos<strong>of</strong>iur lirikaSi eziara ukvdavebas. daviT guramiSvilis `qarTlis<br />
Wirs~, baraTaSvilis `bedi qarTlisas~ da ilias `aCrdils~ erTi trilogiis nawilebad<br />
moixsenieben CvenSi, magram amjerad sxva ram gvinda aRvniSnoT: tradiciulad, epikisaTvis<br />
dasaSvebi da SesaZlebeli ganzogadebis Zala da siRrme itvirTa baraTaSvilis lirikam.<br />
galaktionamde nik. baraTaSvili iqca qarTuli poeziis `axal rusTavelad~. swored es Seicno<br />
iliam, rodesac 1858 wels Wabukma poetma Tavisi sulieri Zma aRmoaCina: ekaterine WavWavaZedadianisam<br />
waskiTxad misca nikoloz baraTaSvilis sakuTari xeliT naweri: `bedi qarTlisa~ da<br />
`merani~. koxta afxazis mogonebis meoxebiT, dRes yvela qarTvelma icis, ra gamaognebeli<br />
STabeWdileba moaxdina am Txzulebebma samSoblosagan Sors my<strong>of</strong> iliaze: `TiTqmis erTi kvira<br />
ymawvili hbodavda baraTaSviliT~. isic warmoudgenelia, rom ilias manamde ar waekiTxa<br />
Jurnal `ciskarSi~ dabeWdili baraTaSvilis 4 leqsi (1852 wels), da Semdeg, isev `ciskarSi~, 1858<br />
wels gamoqveynebuli poetis kidev ori leqsi. cxadia, rom damwyeb poetze yvelaze metad<br />
imoqmeda swored poemam `bedi qarTlisa~ da `meranma~.<br />
Cveni azriT, poemis saTauri `bedi qarTlisa~ gansakuTrebuli dramatizmiT ixsneba<br />
Txzulebis bolos, avtoris poziciis gamokveTisas, Tanamedrove qarTveli dedebis<br />
Sefasebisas. s<strong>of</strong>ios suliskveTeba tragikulad aRiqmeba XIX s. 30-iani wlebis bolos, 32 wlis<br />
SeTqmulebis marcxis Semdeg, rodesac nel-nela ikargeba `Svilis~, `mamulis~, `qarTvelobis~<br />
tradiciuli cnebebi.<br />
`bedi qarTlisas~ aRniSnuli Tormettaepedi (`hoÁ, dedano, marad netarno... miTom ras<br />
gvavnebs ucxo tomoba!~), poemis lirikuli CanarTi, eTanxmeba ilias patriotuli lirikis<br />
Sedevris `qarTvlis dedis~ struqturasa da suliskveTebas: `qarTvlis dedis~ teqsti,<br />
pirobiTad, 3 nawilad iy<strong>of</strong>a: I _ 12 taepedi, II _ 6 taepedi, III _ 14 taepedi. pirvel nawilSi<br />
warmodgenilia qarTveli dedisa da gmiris roli warsulSi; meore nawili poetis mowodebaa,<br />
xolo III _ mTlianad qarTvlis dedis `saRmrTo valis~ naTely<strong>of</strong>aa.<br />
baraTaSvilis msgavsad, iliac xSirad poeturi mimarTviT iwyebs leqsebs (`samSoblo<br />
mTebo! Tqveni Svili ganebebT Tavsa...~, `erTs beds qveSa varT, labav, me da Sen~, `qarTvlis<br />
dedao! ZuZu qarTlisa~). baraTaSvilis poeziaSi taepebis dasawyisSi Sorisdebulebis siWarbes<br />
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