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Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

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(`Tamar wynari, Sesawynari~) mibaZvas warmoadgens. arCili, vinc Semogvinaxa ZiriTadi<br />

biografiuli cnobebi CaxruxaZis Sesaxeb, mas rusTvelis badal poetad saxavda da misi<br />

poetikis gavlenasac ganicdida.<br />

ilia WavWavaZe did pativs miagebda arCilis `RirsSesaniSnav gonebriv Rvawls~, arcTu<br />

iSviaTad imowmebda mis striqonebs Tavis statiebSi. 70-iani wlebis mijnaze, rodesac ilia<br />

intensiurad muSaobda saqarTvelos istoriis wyaroebze, igi `arCiliansac~ gadaxedavda da,<br />

gasageb mizezTa gamo, SeuZlebelia, yuradReba ar mieqcia iseTi TxzulebisaTvis, rogoricaa<br />

`mefeTa saqebelni da samxilebelni~. tipiuri ocmarcvliani CaxruxauliT daweril am xotbaTa<br />

nakrebSi mxilebuli mxolod Sah abasia, sxva mefeebi ki _ maT Soris, Tamari _ gandidebulni<br />

arian. swored am TxzulebaSia ucnauri str<strong>of</strong>i, romlis pirveli sami taepi Sairi-Caxruxaulis<br />

formiTaa warmodgenili, bolo taepi ki ocmarcvledia. str<strong>of</strong>i Sinaarsobrivad ruseTis<br />

imperatoris _ petre didis qebas eZRvneba da ase ikiTxeba:<br />

gonieri, mecnieri, bednieri, kadnieri,<br />

Svenieri, nivTieri, armcbieri, saxnieri,<br />

mqonieri, cnobieri, mZnobieri, mgrZnobieri!<br />

amdoni eri amqveynieri monebri ari, gamgonieri.<br />

petres ganmadidebel am str<strong>of</strong>Si, `Tamarianis~ msgavsad mijriT gariTmuli epiTetebis<br />

am wyebaSi, aramarto `bednieri eris~ mTavari sityva-koncepti `eri~ xmianobs, aramed zogi<br />

epiTeti (bednieri, mSvenieri) iliasTan _ ironiuli intonaciiT _ meordeba kidec.<br />

arCili petres gansakuTrebul siqveled uTvlis, rom man mravali eri daimona,<br />

`gamgonieri~ qmna. ilia Tavis satiraSi, faqtiurad, im istoriul Sedegebs gviCvenebs, rac<br />

qarTvel ers `gamgonierobam~ moutana anu ramac gaxada igi `yovlad mTmeni, viT jor-cxeni~.<br />

parodireba aq ukve evfoniur donezec vrceldeba, Sinaarsobrivad ki naCvenebia sadamde dasca<br />

`gonieri, mecnieri, saxnieri da mgrZnobieri~ imperatorebis `zrunvam~ saqarTvelo.<br />

parodireba sakmaod damaxasiaTebeli movlenaa ilias lirikuli memkvidreobisa. `bednier<br />

erSi~ igi ganxorcielebulia axali esTetikur-istoriuli sazrisis SetaniT `klasicisturi<br />

mexsierebis~ mqone saleqso formaSi (CaxruxaZe, arCili), rac amjerad ukve poetur praqtikaSi<br />

_ `versifikaciuli ironiiT~ cxady<strong>of</strong>s Zveli esTetikis anaqronizms, misi transformirebis<br />

aucileblobas.<br />

* * *<br />

parodireba `bednier erSi~ substruqturis doneze SeiniSneba, leqsis 14-taepiani<br />

mTliani monakveTebi ki, romlebSic refreni da Sairi-Caxruxauli davafiqsireT, sxva<br />

principiTaa agebuli. TiToeuli maTgani iwyeba SekiTxviT, romelic Tematuri laitmotivia<br />

nawarmoebisa. Riad dasmul SekiTxvas (ritorikul kiTxvas) mosdevs teqsti-ganmarteba, xolo<br />

maTi Sinaarsobrivi kontrasti _ erTi mxriv, epiTeti `bednieri~ da, meore mxriv, obieqtis<br />

detaluri negatiuri daxasiaTeba _ qmnis leqsis ironiul-satirul tonalobas.<br />

`bednieri eris~ Sinaarsobriv-Tematurad da intonaciurad dakavSirebuli vrceli<br />

monakveTebi kompoziciuri mTlianobebia, romlebic leqsis axal formas qmnian. es forma,<br />

vfiqrob, zustad Seesabameba ilias axal istoriul sazriss pirovnebisa da xalxis Sesaxeb.<br />

istorias xalxi qmnis, magram mxolod rCeuli pirovneba, geniosi `Semoibertyavs droebis<br />

mtversa~, mxolod mas ZaluZs `Sorsmxedveloba da droebazed ufleba~, _ fiqrobda ilia.<br />

geniosi misTvis is ki ar aris, vinc `Rrublis curvas da caSi bolTis cemas asdevnebia~, aramed<br />

cxovrebis, xalxis Svili, vinc drois karnaxiT acnobierebs, `rac TviTon cxovrebas amouriyavs<br />

Tavis mdinarebaSi~.<br />

`bednieri eri~, tradiciulad, gaiazreba, rogorc poetis monologi _ poeti, viTarca<br />

mose ebraelebs, win miuZRvis xalxs, Rrmad swvdeba mis gulisTqmas da, saWiroebisas, amxels,<br />

afxizlebs kidec mas. ilias satirul leqsSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani isaa, rom subieqti<br />

ar mijnavs Tavs kritikis obieqtisagan, igi ar aris brbosTan dapirispirebuli `me~<br />

romantizmisa. poetis `me~ ganuy<strong>of</strong>eli Semadgeneli nawilia ganusazRvreli mravlobiTobisa<br />

(`Cven~) anu xalxisa, erisa. sityva `CvenisTana~, riTac iwyeba leqsi da meordeba yoveli<br />

kompoziciuri monakveTis dasawyisSi, mudmivad gvagrZnobinebs, rom ganzemdgomi mkacri<br />

bralmdebeli ki ar gvesaubreba, aramed `eris moZme~ da pasuxismgeblobis moziare. poeti<br />

mxolod problemas ar svams _ mosalodnel katastr<strong>of</strong>aze ar mianiSnebs, igi xalxTan erTad<br />

monawileobs TviTmxilebis kaTarzisul procesSi.<br />

`bednier erSi~ axali Sinaarsobrivi sazrisisaTvis ilia, Cemi azriT, axal formas<br />

gvTavazobs. ise, rogorc xalxur sagundo simReraSi korifes individualuri xma gadadis<br />

gundis koleqtiur xmaSi, ilias satiraSic poetis kritikul-ironiuli SekiTxva-refreni<br />

bunebrivad gadaizrdeba xalxis TviTSefasebaSi, TviTmxilebaSi. dialeqtikurad gagebuli<br />

uary<strong>of</strong>a, uary<strong>of</strong>a, rogorc progresis mamoZravebeli, erovnuli optimizmis, imedis wyaroa.<br />

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