Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature

Zneli saTqmelia, icnobda Tu ara ilia volteris analogiur azrs _ ` TiTqmis yvelgan
mxolod mefeebis istorias vxedav, me ki adamianebis istoriis dawera msurso~, magram
sadReisod erTi ram garkveulia _ `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ da misi istoriuli sazrisis kritika
axali, evropuli pozitivisturi istoriografiis poziciidan warmoebda (SoTa badriZe).
ilias istoriulma koncefciam zegavlena moaxdina mis mxatvrul Semoqmedebaze. kerZod,
poetma mniSvnelovnad Sekveca da Secvala istoriuli nawili `aCrdilis~ adrindeli
variantisa, sadac didi adgili eTmoboda farnavazis, daviT aRmaSeneblis, Tamaris, demetre
Tavdadebulis da sxva istoriul pirTa gaxsenebas (XXII-XXVIII Tavebi). dadgenilia, rom
`aCrdilis~ saboloo redaqciaSi, `gadamuSavebuli saxiT, mxolod is adgilebia datovebuli,
romlebic zogadad mianiSnebdnen Cveni xalxis qvelobaze, mis simamacesa da mamulisTvis
Tavganwirulebaze. am variantSi ukve aRar gvxvdeba saxelovan qarTvel mefeTadmi mimarTuli
aRtacebis striqonebi~ (lado minaSvili).
iliam poema `aCrdilis~ istoriuli nawili im Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad Seaswora, rac d.
erisTavisadmi gagzavnil baraTSi gamoTqva: `eg oxeri Cveni istoria... marto omebisa da
mefeebis istoriaa, eri arsada Cans, me ki aseTis agebulebis adamiani var, rom mefeebis da
omebis saxe ar mimizidavs xolme. saqme xalxia da xalxi ki Cvens istoriaSi ara Cans. vwuxvar da
vdrtvinav da gankiTxva arsaiT ari~.
`bednieri eri~ TiTqmis imave xanebSi Seiqmna, rodesac es baraTi daiwera, amitom
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom leqsis Temis _ gansjis obieqtis SerCeva ilias axali
istoriuli sazrisidan gamomdinare gadawyvetileba iyo: ara mefeTa istoria, aramed `xalxi,
rogorc momqmedi piri istoriisa~!
istoria iliasaTvis eris saganZe iyo, `sadac eri poulobs Tavisis sulis Rones~, magram
misTvis aseve mniSvnelovani iyo `winaparTa cdomilebani~, istoriis gakveTilebi. `istoriis
saZirkvelSi, magarTan erTad, bevri uvargisi da fxvieri qvaa Cadebuli~, amitom visac
myoobadze pretenzia aqvs, mas unda SeeZlos warsulis misxlobiT awonva da gojiT gazomva _
istoriisadmi kritikuli midgoma, fxizeli gansja.
`bednier erSi~ gaerTianebulia ori umniSvnelovanesi ram _ istoriuli procesis
axleburi xedva da kriticizmi. igi yuradRebis arealSi moaqcevs istoriis axal subieqts _
ers da mis sulier wyobas, rogorc istoriuli procesis logikur Sedegs. ras warmoadgens, ra
mdgomareobaSia qarTveli eri, rogorc sakuTari istoriis Semoqmedi? _ pasuxi am kiTxvaze
istoriis siRrmeebSia ganfenili, daskvna ki, romelic iliam gamoitana, Tavzardamcemi
aRmoCnda, diametrulad gansxvavebuli romantikuli xedvisagan.
warsulisadmi mowiwebis miuxedavad, ilia Sors idga eris istoriis idealizaciisgan. eri
da misi istoria realisti mwerlisTvis arasodes gamxdara Wvretisa da oden aRtacebis
obieqti, rogorc es grigol orbelianis didebul striqonebSia:
sxva saqarTvelo sad aris, romeli kuTxe qveynisa?
eri _ guladi, puradi, mebrZoli Savis bedisa?!
SavTa droT vera Sescvales mis guli andamatisa,
igiv mxne, igiv mRerali, moyvare Tavis miwisa!..
`bednieri eri~ erTgvari mxatvruli antiTezaa `sadRegrZelos~ mgznebare paTosisa _
romantikul aRtyinebas da xotbas, idiliur Wvretas, ilias satiraSi, eris fizikuri da
sulieri mdgomareobis realuri daxasiaTeba cvlis, kritikis mizani ki Semgueblobisa da
inertulobis daZleva, moqmedebisaken waqezebaa. istoria, rogorc myari safuZveli momavlisa,
magari qvebiT, `uvargisi da fxvieri qvebis~ gangdebiT unda amoSendes. es mizani aqvs ironias,
kriticizms, e.w. siZulvils, romelic mamuliSvilis uangaro siyvarulis nayofia.
`bednier erSi~, satiruli Janris nawarmoebisaTvis, iliam sagangebod SearCia da
gamoiyena mis mier uaryofili saxotbo Janris saleqso forma da stili, rac imis niSania, rom
poetma-realistma Seqmna anti-`Tamariani~ _ parodia CaxruxaZis `Tamarianze~! Zvel,
panegirikul tradiciasTan dakavSirebul formaSi man axali Sinaarsi _ axali esTetikuristoriuli
sazrisi Seitana, ganaxorciela parodiuli Canacvleba struqturuli ierarqiis
yvela doneze: odur Janrs cvlis satira, odis obieqts (mefe) _ eris koncepti, xotbas _
ironia, maidealizebel stilistikas _ parodiuli Seferilobis zedSesrul-epiTetebi.
ilia rom CaxruxaZis saxotbo odis parodirebas mimarTavs, amas mxars uWers erTi
sagulisxmo detalic. SavTelurs da Caxruxauls, rogorc klasikuri qarTuli poeziis
saleqso formebs, mxolod erTi ram ganasxvavebs: SavTelurSi gareriTma erTi strofiT
Semoifargleba, erT strofze vrceldeba, Caxruxauli ki _ mTeli oda! _ erT gareriTmazea
agebuli anu monorimulia (pavle ingoroyva). ilias `bednieri eric~ monorimuli anti-odaa,
romelic TaviT bolomde erT riTmazea agebuli: bednieri _ eri _ mSvenieri _ madlieri _
wesieri _ Ronieri da a.S. gareriTmaSi gatanili `eri~ uwyvetad xmianobs da mkiTxvels
gamudmebiT axsenebs konceptualurad umniSvnelovanes cnebas, romelsac miemarTeba
satirul-ironiuli nakadi.
`bednieri eris~ dasawerad, SemoqmedebiTi impulsi ilias, Cemi varaudiT, mefe-poetis _
arCilis erTma ucnaurma strofma misca, romelic, Tavis mxriv, `Tamarianis~ cnobili strofis
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