Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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warsulis kanonebiT cxovreba ar SeiZleba, `Tamariani~, rogorc literaturuli faqti,<br />
warsuls ekuTvnis...<br />
istorizmi ganuy<strong>of</strong>eli niSania ilia WavWavaZis azrovnebisa. statiaSi `pasuxi~ igi anton<br />
kaTalikosis istoriuli mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb wers: `antoni dids alags daiWers Cvens<br />
literaturaSi, rogorc warmomadgeneli im drois saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa~... magram es rodi<br />
niSnavda, rom axal droSic misi Sexedulebani Seuval dogmebad unda darCeniliyo! ilia<br />
ganagrZobs: `exla rom poeziis ganxilva im drois kanonebiT movindomoT, Zalian SevcdebiT.<br />
maSin sxva-rigad esmodaT, exla sxva-rigad~.<br />
ueWvelia, ilias CaxruxaZis istoriuli rolis gansazRvra rom ganezraxa, ar daukargavda<br />
Rvawls `misi drois saqarTvelos~ mwerlobaSi, magram realizmis medroSis winaSe sul sxva<br />
amocana idga. ilia WavWavaZem xma aRimaRla ara istoriuli CaxruxaZis, aramed `im drois<br />
kanonebis~ _ moZvelebuli esTetikuri Sexedulebebis winaaRmdeg, romelsac konservatorebi<br />
CaxruxaZis saxeliT Tavs axvevdnen axal mwerlobas. es iyo Tanamedroveobis interesebis dacva<br />
warsulis pretenziebisagan, Torem Znelia antiistorizmi usayveduro im pirovnebas, visac ase<br />
Rrmad esmoda, rom `WeSmariti meistorie, viTarca gamkiTxveli, jer im droebis qerqSi unda<br />
Cajdes da mere ganikiTxos TviT droebis Svilnica~.<br />
da mainc, ilias radikalizmis asaxsnelad, polemikis specifikasTan erTad, isic<br />
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom `Tamariani~ im droisaTvis mecnierulad ar iyo Seswavlili, ar iyo<br />
amokiTxuli urTules poetur formaSi moqceuli ideologiuri koncefcia, rac CaxruxaZis<br />
poemas `qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi azrovnebis ganviTarebis istoriisa da frTaSesxmuli<br />
patriotizmis udides Zeglad~ warmoaCens (korneli kekeliZe).<br />
amrigad, `Tamarianis~ Sefaseba ilias mier ar iyo subieqturi, antiistoriuli midgomis<br />
Sedegi. igi gamoTqvamda axali, realisturi esTetikis verdiqts, gamotanils e.w. klasicisturi<br />
esTetikisadmi. konceptualuri dapirispirebis simaRlidan ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens<br />
kiTxva, ratom mimarTa ilia WavWavaZem Caxruxaulis saleqso formasa da stilistikas.<br />
* * *<br />
`bednier erSi~ dominanturia axali esTetikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi niSani _ kriticizmi.<br />
ukve `oriode sityvaSi~ werda axalgazrda ilia:<br />
`maS, rogor unda gavswordeT, Tu Cveni simrude ar gvecodineba? netavi oriode kaci<br />
iyos saqarTveloSi, rom Cveni boroteba erTianad asweros da dagvanaxos... aba, is iqneba<br />
namdvili saqebari mamulis-moyvare, da ara is, vinc metis-metad damJavebuli siyvarulisa gamo,<br />
angeloziviT asaxelebs saqarTvelosa. borotebis Rviareba naxevari gasworebaa~.<br />
hegelis dialeqtikas naziarebi ilia WavWavaZe sinamdviles, cxovrebas aRiqvamda,<br />
rogorc dapirispirebulTa erTianobas da Widils, sadac siaxle Zvelis uary<strong>of</strong>iT, nabijnabij<br />
miiwevs myoobadisaken. mwerlobis sarkeSi `sicudec da sikargec~ unda aisaxos, xolo<br />
visac sakuTari eris winsvla surs, man WeSmariti siyvarulis saxeliT unda amxilos is, rac<br />
CvenSi `cudia da sazizRari~. marto `umecar siyvaruls~ miaCnia siqveled `Cveni cxovrebis<br />
siborotis damalva~, mamuliSvilisTvis ki mxolod pirSi Zraxvis, marTlis Tqmis zneobrivi<br />
kanoni moqmedebs:<br />
vaJkac igia, vinc marTals<br />
etyvis qveyanas mcdomsao.<br />
cdomilebaTa uary<strong>of</strong>a, naklis mxileba, rogorc gza gamosworebisa, kritika, rogorc<br />
pozitiuri Zala ilias literaturuli mrwamsis erT-erTi arsebiTi komponentia.<br />
`bednieri eri~ mTels qarTul poeziaSi unikaluri nimuSia `mcdomi qveynisaTvis~<br />
simarTlis Tqmisa. aq kritikuli gansjis obieqtia ara pirovneba, aramed mTeli eri. iliam<br />
Tavdapirveli saTauri _ `bednieri xalxi~ Secvala, radgan warsul epoqebSi `xalxi~ mxolod<br />
aristokratias gulisxmobda da ara ers, rogorc eTnikur erTobas. Secvlili saTauri<br />
mTlianad moicavda mxilebis obieqts _ ara mxolod elitas, Tavadaznaurobas, aramed<br />
uklebliv yvelas _ sruliad qarTvelobas.<br />
eris, rogorc poeturi gansjis obieqtis, SerCeva logikuri Sedegi iyo axali istoriuli<br />
sazrisis damkvidrebisa, rasac, dimitri yifianTan da dimitri baqraZesTan erTad, ilia<br />
WavWavaZemac didad Seuwyo xeli.<br />
poema `aCrdilis~ istoriul nawilze muSaobisas, iliam qarTuli istoriuli qronikebis<br />
erT mniSvnelovan Taviseburebas miaqcia yuradReba. jer daviT erisTavisadmi gagzavnil pirad<br />
werilSi (1872), ramdenadme mogvianebiT (1880) ki erT-erT publicistur statiaSi man `qarTlis<br />
cxovrebis~ ZiriTad tendenciaze mianiSna:<br />
`Cveni `qarTlis cxovreba~ xalxis istoria ki ar aris, mefeTa istoriaa, da xalxi ki,<br />
rogorc momqmedi piri istoriisa, CrdilSia miyenebuli. TiTqo xalxis istoriis<br />
Sesamecneblad sakmaoa kacma icodes marto mefeTa istoria~.<br />
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