Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
Shota Rustaveli Institute of Georgian Literature
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damowmebuli str<strong>of</strong>i imiTac iqcevs yuradRebas, rom aq aramarto savaldebulo<br />
winacezuruli riTmebia realizebuli, aramed uCveulo siWarbea riTmebisa: yoveli muxli _<br />
oTxmarcvliani segmenti _ evfoniurad erTmaneTTanaa Sewyobili. amis gamo, `Tamarianis~ es<br />
fragmenti _ mesame oda _ Zveli droidan harmoniulobisa da miuwvdomeli poeturi<br />
xelovnebis misabaZ nimuSad miiCneoda.<br />
amrigad, `bednier erSi~ sayrden saleqso formad SerCeulia `Tamarianis~ unikaluri<br />
str<strong>of</strong>i _ e.w. Sairi-Caxruxauli. marTalia, ilias leqsSi mxolod savaldebulo<br />
winacezuruli riTmebia, yvela muxli erTmaneTTan gariTmuli araa, magram aSkaraa analogia<br />
stilis doneze _ orive teqstSi gansazRvreba-epiTetebis (`zedSesrulebis~) gabmuli<br />
mwkrivia. ilia amodis saxotbo odis formidan, rogorc versifikaciul-stiluri erTobidan,<br />
oRond leqss grafikulad modernizebul saxes aZlevs.<br />
tradiciuli formis aRdgena-gamoyenebaSi TavisTavad uCveulo araferia, rom ara erTi<br />
gansakuTrebuli garemoeba _ ilias mkveTrad uary<strong>of</strong>iTi damokidebuleba CaxruxaZisa da<br />
`Tamarianisadmi~, Caxruxaulis saleqso formisa da stilisadmi, rac man Cveuli pirdapirobiT<br />
gamoTqva statiaSi `oriode sityva~. gamodis, rom poetma mxatvrul praqtikaSi, `bednieri eris~<br />
Seqmnisas, im poetikas mimarTa, romelsac, rogorc Teoretikosi, principulad gaemijna. es<br />
ucnauri faqti axsnas moiTxovs.<br />
* * *<br />
`oriode sityva~, romelSic mocemulia CaxruxaZisa da misi poemis negatiuri Sefaseba,<br />
1861 wels, `bednieri eris~ daweramde aTi wliT adre gamoqveynda da saqarTveloSi kritikuli<br />
realizmis manifests warmoadgens. am istoriul statiaSi iliam ganaCeni gamoutana uZraobis<br />
ideologias (`CineTis filos<strong>of</strong>ias~), romelic arsebobis erTaderT wess aRiarebda: `rac mamapapas<br />
uqnia, is Cven unda vqnaTo~. Zveli, konservatiuli ms<strong>of</strong>lmxedvelobis Taoba ver amCnevda,<br />
an ar surda daenaxa cvlilebani cxovrebis yvela sferoSi, maT Soris _ mwerlobaSic da axal,<br />
Tvisebrivad gansxvavebul epoqaSi gardasuli xanis esTetikisa da poetikis erTgulebas<br />
qadagebda. anton kaTalikosis mimdevrebma, misive avtoritetis zegavleniT, CaxruxaZe da misi<br />
poezia gamoacxades idealad da normad da rogorc Seuval WeSmaritebas, ise imowmebdnen<br />
antonis cnobil iambikos:<br />
Caxruxais Ze _ ucxo piitikosi;<br />
Tamar didisa mmkobi SairebiTa;<br />
SoTas SairTa, Tu sTqua, ukeTesTaca<br />
mTqmeli mestixe, didi sibrZnis-moyuare,<br />
yovlad saqebi, ritorT-mestixT guirguini.<br />
ilia Tvlida, rom is, rac warsulSi nimuSad iyo miCneuli, miT ufro, `warsul droTa<br />
sicrue da cTomileba~, axal mwerlobas ar gamoadgeboda. arc ZvelTa kerpTa ganusjeli<br />
Tayvaniscema iyo misTvis misaRebi mxolod imitom, rom sazogadoebis aRiareba hqonda, miT<br />
ufro, im sazogadoebisa, romelic ar iyo `estetikurad gaxsnili da ganviTarebuli~.<br />
swored am konteqstSi ikiTxeba `oriode sityvaSi~ CaxruxaZis Sefaseba:<br />
`Tamaris qeba mTel moTxrobis odenaa, zedSesruliT daiwyoba da TiTqmis zedSesruliT<br />
Tavdeba. ra vai-vaglaxiT da kisris mtvreviT mogogavs davardnil cxensaviT misi ocmarcvlovani<br />
tyviasaviT mZime leqsebi!.. arc azri, arc suraTi, arc mSveniereba, arc Wkua, arc<br />
guli, arafrisTana araferi, garda zedSesrulebis raxa-ruxisa!~<br />
`Tamarians~ ilia WavWavaZe axali esTetikis _ kritikuli realizmis poziciidan<br />
afasebda, amitom misTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda saxotbo Janris paTosi, ritorika da poetika,<br />
moklebuli cocxali poeziis arsebiT niSnebs _ azrs, grZnobas, suraTovnebas, mSvenierebas.<br />
ilias damokidebuleba Caxruxaulisadmi ufro naTeli gaxdeba, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom man<br />
`Tavidanve sastikad dascina `mwyobr xmovan braxabruxs riTmebisa~, `ubralo sityvebisa da<br />
riTmebis raxaruxs~, _ aseT poetebs man `axali riTmebis moraxuneblebi~ uwoda da<br />
aRSfoTebiT Seutia yovelgvar `maSriy-maRribuli enis konstruqcias~ da `uTavbolod<br />
aSenebul sityvis yores~ (grigol kiknaZe). gamoTqma `axali riTmebis moraxuneblebi~<br />
gulisxmobda, rom arsebobdnen maTi winamorbedni _ Zveli riTmebis moraxuneblebi, romlebic<br />
riTmis, zogadad formis `trfialebisa gamo~, gulgrilni iyvnen azris, Sinaarsis mimarT.<br />
`Tamarianis~ umkacresi Sefaseba (`arafrisTana araferi~) ekuTvnoda axali formaciis<br />
poet-moqalaqes, visTvisac poezia cxovrebis sarkea, xalxis cxovrebis gamomTqmelia, amitom<br />
igi, cxadia, ver iguebda iseT nawarmoebs, romelic mefis saxotbod da gansadideblad (`Tamars<br />
vaqebdeT mefed cxebulsa~) riTmebis yores agebda.<br />
klasikuri xanis poemis Sefasebas axali esTetikuri Teoriis TvalTaxedviT, zogi<br />
mkvlevari istorizmis principis darRvevad Tvlis, rac, erTi SexedviT, TiTqos asecaa. magram<br />
dasaviwyebeli araa, rom ilias mizani ar iyo CaxruxaZis adgilis gansazRvra qarTuli poeziis<br />
istoriaSi. `oriode sityva~, rogorc literaturuli manifesti, aaSkaravebda Zveli<br />
esTetikuri warmodgenebis SeuTavseblobas TanamedroveobasTan, asabuTebda, rom awmyoSi<br />
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